CN1759076A - 高温井用的挠性固井组合物和方法 - Google Patents

高温井用的挠性固井组合物和方法 Download PDF

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CN1759076A
CN1759076A CN200480006200.2A CN200480006200A CN1759076A CN 1759076 A CN1759076 A CN 1759076A CN 200480006200 A CN200480006200 A CN 200480006200A CN 1759076 A CN1759076 A CN 1759076A
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CN100404457C (zh
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西蒙·詹姆斯
西尔万·勒罗伊-德拉格
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C09K8/46Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B16/00Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B16/04Macromolecular compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C09K8/46Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
    • C09K8/467Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes
    • C09K8/48Density increasing or weighting additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00241Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0031Heavy materials, e.g. concrete used as ballast material

Abstract

固井组合物包括水硬结合剂和挠性丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物粒状材料。固井方法包括所述组合物和足量的水,以及任选的其它添加剂,形成可泵抽吸的浆料;以及将浆料泵送至井中,并使其沉降。

Description

高温井用的挠性固井组合物和方法
本发明涉及固井(例如油井、气井、地热井和注蒸汽井等)用的组合物和方法。具体地,本发明提供巩固暴露于高温下的井用的组合物和方法。
当完成本发明涉及的井时,通常在钻井之后在井内安装金属套管并且用结合剂(cement)填充套管外部和井筒壁之间的空间,以提供物理稳定性和通过井的含各种流体的区域分离。在井的存活期间,结合剂可暴露至变化的应力下。这些变化中的一些,例如套筒压力试验引起的那些或者由于蒸汽注入而引起的温度升高,可能足以使结合剂破裂,从而导致区域分离失败。
现有技术中存在多种方法提供具有改进机械性能的结合剂组合物,特别是提供一定程度的挠性(flexibility)。固井1990(E.B.Nelson,SchlumbergerEducational Services)(Well Cementing 1990,E.B.Nelson,SchlumbergerEducational Services)中讨论了使用4-20目粉碎的橡胶改进结合剂的机械性能。美国专利5,779,787披露了使用得自汽车轮胎的硫化橡胶颗粒,改进结合剂的机械性能。
WO 00/20350、WO 00/37387和WO 01/25163均披露了使用掺入在结合剂中的挠性颗粒来提供结合剂中一定程度的挠性以及防止受到结合剂中诱导应力的不利影响。WO 00/20350披露了使用橡胶颗粒提供挠性的结合剂组合物。WO 00/37387提出使用下述的挠性颗粒,该挠性颗粒的粒度小于500mm,杨氏模量(Young’s modulus)小于5000MPa,密度小于1.5g/cm3。起到这种作用的合适材料有热塑性塑料,特别是聚酰胺、聚丙烯和聚乙烯等,以及聚合物,例如苯乙烯二乙烯基苯或苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶(SBR)。WO01/25163披露了使用压缩率低的挠性颗粒与致密材料(赤铁矿)一起,提供更强挠性的结合剂。使用苯酚-甲醛树脂改性结合剂的机械性能公开于UK专利申请No.0203505.3中。尽管这些方法可提供对由于压力和温度变化而引起的诱导压力具有抵抗作用的挠性结合剂,但是如果井也暴露至高温(例如,300℃)下,例如在注蒸汽井或地热井中所遇到的情况一样,可能出现问题。目前的添加剂不适用于高温(至多300℃)应用,因为这些添加剂要么在较低的温度下熔化(例如,聚丙烯和聚乙烯等热塑性塑料),要么在高温下降解(例如,磨碎的汽车轮胎)。可得到数种高性能得工程热塑性塑料(PEEK,Ryton,PTFE),它们在高温和强碱性环境下是稳定的(正如结合剂中发生地一样),但是对固井应用所需的量而言,使用它们的成本太高。成本也是高度专用橡胶(highly specialized rubbers),例如Viton橡胶的限制因素。
US 5,518,996公开了使用受控粒度结合剂体系,以确保良好的使用物理性能。
本发明的目的是提供能提供挠性而在高温下没有损失性能的结合剂组合物和固结方法。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供固井组合物(well cementing composition),其包括水硬结合剂(hydraulic cement)和挠性丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物粒状材料。
优选地,共聚物中的丙烯腈含量为18%至50%,更优选为30%至45%。
共聚物也可以部分或完全氢化。
羧酸酯单体可添加到共聚物中,以改进热性能。
共聚物也可具有连接到主链上的官能团,以对基础共聚物(basecopolymer)的性能作出改性。
丁腈橡胶(丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物)是结合有井底结合剂环境(downholecement environment)的益处和合理成本的合适产物。对基础丙烯腈-丁二烯的各种化学改性也是可行的,从而得到改进性能的产物。例如,丙烯腈、丁二烯和不饱和羧酸的三聚物(例如,获自Bayer的KrynacoX级别)提供改进的耐应力性和耐磨蚀性。丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶挤出聚合物也可被部分或完全氢化以改进耐应力性,例如Bayer产品的Herbant范围。这些基础产物可以被复合、硫化(交联),然后粉碎,制备适用于油田结合剂中的合适颗粒。
可购买的粒状丙烯腈-丁二烯有获自Bayer的Baymod N XL 38.20、获自Eliokem的Speciality Products Business Group,Chemigum P86F和获自ZeonCorporation的Nipol 1411。
本发明的第二方面包括固井方法(method of cementing a well),其包括混合本发明第一方面的组合物和足量的水,以及任选的其它添加剂,形成可用泵抽吸的浆料(pumpable slurry);以及将浆料泵送至井中,并使其沉降(set)。
丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物颗粒可作为挠性颗粒掺入至结合剂组合物(cement formulations),例如结合剂、二氧化硅和挠性颗粒,以及根据需要与防沫剂、分散剂、表面活性剂、缓凝剂和防滤失剂(fluid loss control additives)一起掺入。该颗粒也可用在受控粒度的结合剂组合物中,其中存在微细颗粒、中等颗粒(通常为结合剂)和大颗粒(挠性颗粒)。
使用中,本发明的组合物可在使用现场(on site for use)混合,或者以固体物质的预混合的共混物形式提供,向所述共混物中添加水和其它液体组分,然后泵送至井内。
以下将通过实施例和参考附图描述本发明,其中:
图1显示各种挠性颗粒的重量减轻与温度之间的曲线;
图2a和2b显示温度老化后现有技术组合物和本发明组合物的对比试样。
实施例1
热重力分析下述试样:丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶颗粒(获自Eliokem的Chemigum P86F)、两种来源的磨碎再生橡胶产物、苯酚-甲醛树脂产物和苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯(S-DVB)珠粒。加热速率为2.5℃/分钟并使用氮气气氛。快速重量减轻对应于产物的热降解。从图1所示的曲线清楚可知,丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物和S-DVB珠粒显示在高达350℃的温度时表现出几乎很少重量减轻,这表明它们在这些测试条件下是稳定的。另一方面,汽车轮胎的两个试样在250℃以上表现出快速重量减轻,这表明降解和减轻性能。
实施例2
以相同的配方,制备两种三模态(trimodal)结合剂浆料(如表1中概述的),不同之处在于:在一个实例中,挠性颗粒是S-DVB,在其它的情况下,挠性颗粒是丙烯腈-丁二烯(获自Eliokem的Chemigum P86F,其具有约400微米的平均粒度)。在两种配制中,添加相同体积的挠性颗粒,即以产生不同质量和不同最终浆料密度的颗粒之间的密度差异。以单位固体颗粒质量的恒定比率添加防沫剂、表面活性剂和防滤失剂的浓度。
  S-DVB   丙烯腈-丁二烯
 结合剂(等级G)   320.27g/600ml   320.27g/600ml
 超细二氧化硅   133.84g/600ml   133.84g/600ml
 挠性颗粒   193.90g/600ml   181.22g/600ml
 表面活性剂   14.3g/600ml   14.1g/600ml
 防沫剂   1.62g/600ml   1.58g/600ml
 抗沉降剂(Anti-settling agent)   1.30g/600ml   1.27g/600ml
 孔隙率   45%   45%
 密度   12.79lb/gal   12.61lb/gal
表1比较丙烯腈-丁二烯和S-DVB颗粒对结合剂性能的影响的配制。
结合剂浆料在170°F和3000psi时7天内固化,在该温度下固化足够时间以获得最大耐压强度。7天后,结合剂逐渐冷却,并从凝固的结合剂(setcement)上切割直径为1英寸和长度为2英寸的结合剂圆柱体。然后在300℃和3000psi下在水中固化这些圆柱体1个月,以在注蒸汽井中增加对蒸汽的暴露。1个月后逐渐冷却结合剂,并且移去圆柱体进行检查。由丙烯腈-丁二烯颗粒制成的圆柱体保持完整(图2b),然而由S-DVB颗粒制成的结合剂圆柱体受到严重破坏:结合剂破碎,留下短而圆(rounded)的圆柱体,约为原始长度的75%(图2a),并且不能进一步进行测试。
实施例3
下表2中给出了具有丙烯腈-丁二烯的结合剂组合物,该结合剂组合物在170°F和3000psi时固化7天,在该温度下固化足够时间以获得最大耐压强度。丙烯腈-丁二烯产物类似于实施例2中获得产物(获自Eliokem),但是平均粒度为170微米。
  丙烯腈-丁二烯
 结合剂(等级G)   320.27g/600ml
 超细二氧化硅   133.84g/600ml
 挠性颗粒   181.22g/600ml
 表面活性剂   14.1g/600ml
 防沫剂   1.58g/600ml
 抗沉降剂   1.27g/600ml
 孔隙率   45%
 密度   12.61lb/gal
表2用丙烯腈-丁二烯颗粒配制的结合剂系统,以检测300℃时老化时间对结合剂机械性能的影响。
7天后,结合剂逐渐冷却,并从凝固的结合剂上切割直径为1英寸和长度为2英寸的结合剂圆柱体。然后在300℃和3000psi下在水中固化这些圆柱体33天和52天,以在注蒸汽井中增加对蒸汽的暴露。在老化阶段之后,逐渐冷却结合剂,并且移去圆柱体进行测试。杨氏模量和耐压强度是通过常规技术测量的(例如,参见Handbook on Mechanical Properties of Rocks(Vol.1-4,V S.Vutukuri,R.D.Lama and S.S.Saluja,Transtech Publishing,1974)。系统性能与老化时间之间的关系如下表3所示。
由于在结合剂基质中暴露至不同的矿物相,耐压强度随着老化温度而增加。在300℃时52天,耐压强度保持恒定(在实验误差范围内)。在300℃时52天,杨氏模量保持低和恒定。作为比较,显示相同条件下的常规15.8ppg系统(等级G结合剂、35%bwoc二氧化硅、防沫剂和分散剂)的杨氏模量。丙烯腈-丁二烯系统的杨氏模量比常规系统的杨氏模量低得多。这对在一些情况下维持区域分离(zonal isolation)是重要的(例如,于Feb 23-252000在New Orleans,Louisiana举办的2000IADC/SPE Drilling conference上发表的论文IADC/SPE59132″New Cement Systems for Durable Zonal Isolation″)。
  丙烯腈-丁二烯系统   77℃,7天  300℃,33天   300℃,52天
  耐压强度(MPa)   5.1±0.5  9.6±0.5   9.1±0.5
  杨氏模量(MPa)   1950±200  1475+200   1480±200
  常规系统
  耐压强度(MPa)   49±1  57±1   47±1
  杨氏模量(MPa)   8400±200  9900±200   10800±200
表3在300℃老化之后从丙烯腈-丁二烯颗粒配制的结合剂系统和常规系统的机械性能。
实施例4
以常规方式,测量实施例3的系统对水的渗透率,使用保持压力(confining pressure)为400psi的Hassler池。也测量了相同条件下的常规15.8ppg系统的渗透率(等级G结合剂,35%bwoc二氧化硅、防沫剂和分散剂)。结果示于表4中。即使在300℃52天之后,挠性颗粒系统保持低的渗透率(<0.1md)。
 77℃,7天  300℃,33天  300℃,52天
  15.8ppg系统  <0.01md  0.057md  0.047md
  挠性颗粒系统  <0.01md  0.041md  0.094md
表4在300℃老化之后,由丙烯腈-丁二烯颗粒配制的结合剂系统和具有bwoc二氧化硅的常规15.8ppg系统的渗透率。
实施例5
优化含有丙烯腈-丁二烯颗粒的系统,以提供所需的稠化时间(thickening time)和滤失量控制(fluid loss control)。不同稠化时间的两个系统的设计如表5所示。在暴露至蒸汽注入温度之前,77℃的BHCT增产了井的情况。
  系统1   系统2
  结合剂(等级G)   332.6g/600ml   332.6g/600ml
  超细二氧化硅   118.1g/600ml   118.1g/600ml
  丙烯腈-丁二烯颗粒   181.5g/600ml   181.5g/600ml
  分散剂   1.96g/600ml   1.96g/600ml
  防沫剂   1.58g/600ml   1.58g/600ml
  木素磺化盐缓凝剂   6.23g/600ml   3.11g/600ml
  聚合物防滤失剂   19.92g/600ml   19.92g/600ml
  孔隙率   45%   45%
  密度   12.61lb/gal   12.61lb/gal
表5由丙烯腈-丁二烯颗粒制成的结合剂组合物两种系统之间的区别在于缓凝剂浓度。
表5中示出的浆料的性能如表6所示。这些性能是根据标准API(American Petroleum Institute)方法测量的。如同常规系统一样,通过增加缓凝剂的浓度,控制浆料的稠化时间。木素磺化盐缓凝剂也起到分散剂的作用,这就是在较少缓凝剂的系统中凝胶较强的原因。系统1的滤失量和无水是良好的。
  系统1   系统2
  室温混合后的流变性
  PV   212cP   203cP
  YP   6.7lb/100ft2   5.6lb/100ft2
  77℃调节后的流变性
  PV   145cP   151cP
  YP   9.4lb/100ft2   9.8lb/100ft2
  10秒凝胶   5lb/100ft2   15lb/100ft2
  10分钟凝胶   27lb/100ft2   26lb/100ft2
  1分钟搅拌   10lb/100ft2   15lb/100ft2
  77℃无水API   0mL   0mL
  77℃滤失量API   32mL   -
  稠化时间30至100BC   10小时44分钟   4小时24分钟
表6:表5所示浆料的性能。

Claims (14)

1.一种固井组合物,其包括水硬结合剂和挠性丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物粒状材料。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述共聚物中丙烯腈的含量为18%至50%。
3.权利要求2的组合物,其中所述共聚物中丙烯腈的含量为30%至45%。
4.权利要求1、2或3中的组合物,其中所述共聚物是部分或完全氢化的。
5.上述任一项权利要求中的组合物,其中所述共聚物包括改进热性能的羧酸酯单体。
6.上述任一项权利要求中的组合物,其中所述共聚物具有连接到主链上的官能团,以对所述基础共聚物的性能改性。
7.上述任一项权利要求中的组合物,进一步包括相对高密度的粒状材料。
8.权利要求7的组合物,其中所述相对高密度的粒状材料是赤铁矿或二氧化锰。
9.上述任一项权利要求中的方法,其中所述共聚物的中值粒径(medianparticle size)为100-500微米。
10.固井方法,其包括混合上述任一项权利要求中的组合物和足量的水,以及任选的其它添加剂,形成可泵抽吸的浆料;以及将所述浆料泵送至井中,并使其沉降。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中所述其它添加剂包括二氧化硅、消泡剂、分散剂、表面活性剂、缓凝剂、加重剂、发泡添加剂(expansion additive)和防滤失剂。
12.权利要求10或11的方法,包括混合所述共聚物颗粒作为受控粒度的结合剂组合物的部分,在所述结合剂组合物中存在微细颗粒、中等颗粒和大颗粒。
13.权利要求10、11或12的方法,其中所述组合物是现场混合的。
14.权利要求10、11或12中任一项的方法,其中在泵送至井内之前,所述组合物中使用的固体材料是预混合的共混物形式提供的,所述共混物中添加有水和其它液体组分。
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