CN1761040A - 在表面上形成接触窗开口的方法 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76801—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
- H01L21/76802—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics
- H01L21/76805—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics the opening being a via or contact hole penetrating the underlying conductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76801—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
- H01L21/76802—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76801—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
- H01L21/76829—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing characterised by the formation of thin functional dielectric layers, e.g. dielectric etch-stop, barrier, capping or liner layers
- H01L21/76831—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing characterised by the formation of thin functional dielectric layers, e.g. dielectric etch-stop, barrier, capping or liner layers in via holes or trenches, e.g. non-conductive sidewall liners
Abstract
一种在半导体材料的表面上形成接触窗开口的方法,此接触窗开口具有对配置于接触窗开口上的介电层进行非等向性蚀刻所制作出的侧壁。保护层配置于半导体材料的表面上。为了保护基底,进行最初的蚀刻而穿过层间介电层,以形成通往基底但并没有穿入的最初的孔洞。并且,在基底上保留至少一部份的保护层。在另一步骤中,形成最终的接触窗开口。在此步骤中,穿过保护层形成开口至半导体材料的表面。
Description
技术领域
本发明是有关于一种半导体元件的制作方法,且特别是有关于一种半导体元件中材料表面的接触窗开口的形成方法。
背景技术
在半导体元件的制作中,大多希望能提供较小直径的开口以连接到元件。然而此会受限于光罩开口的直径,其中光罩开口是暴露出覆盖于待蚀刻材料上的光阻层。因此,形成比使用的光罩开口及光阻层所暴露的区域小的连接开口直径,是让人期望的。习知技术中已达成上述目的,其技术是利用光罩对光阻层进行曝光后,向下蚀刻出开口,此开口连接至需要被连接的表面。之后,配置覆盖材料至开口与需要被连接的表面上。在覆盖材料沉积之后,进行非等向性蚀刻。因为非等向性蚀刻的特性,在孔洞底部的一部份覆盖材料会被蚀刻去除,而一部份的材料在蚀刻过程中会被保留。因此,在开口底部而需要被连接的表面会再被进行一次蚀刻制程,因而对最后以电性连接而接触的基底材料造成损害。
因此,可以理解的是,在习知技术中,第一次蚀刻形成向下通往需要被连接的表面的开口,接着进行材料的覆盖以及对其进行非等向性蚀刻。使用习知技术在形成开口时会进行二次蚀刻,因此在提供开口底部的材料的接触前,会造成不必要的损害。
因此,需要一单一的蚀刻制程,以在形成覆盖层覆盖开口内的侧壁的同时,在开口底部形成接触区域。
发明内容
本发明提出一种在材料表面形成接触窗开口的方法,可避免习知技术所造成的损害效应。根据本发明的一态样,材料表面的接触窗开口的形成,是先在表面上形成第一介电层,然后在第一介电层上形成第二介电层,接着自第二介电层的表面至材料的接触表面形成第一孔洞,其长度小于第一介电层与第二介电层相连接的厚度。之后,形成第三介电层以覆盖孔洞的表面与暴露出的第一介电层表面。然后,去除第三介电层与第一介电层的一部份,以暴露出材料的连接表面区域的一部份。
在一实施例中,在表面上形成第一介电层的方法例如为在表面上沉积氮化硅层。
在一实施例中,在表面上形成第一介电层的方法例如为在表面上沉积氮氧化硅层。
在一实施例中,形成第一介电层的方法例如为化学气相沉积制程。
在一实施例中,形成第一介电层的方法例如为使用化学气相沉积制程沉积氮氧化硅层。
在一实施例中,去除第三介电层与第一介电层的一部份以暴露出材料的表面的一部份的方法例如为非等向性蚀刻制程。
在一实施例中,在第一介电层上形成第二介电层的方法例如为在第一介电层上形成二氧化硅层。
在一实施例中,形成第一孔洞的方法例如为蚀刻制程。
在一实施例中,蚀刻制程例如为反应离子蚀刻。
在一实施例中,去除第三介电层与第一介电层的一部份的方法例如为反应离子蚀刻。
为让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举较佳实施例,并配合所附图式,作详细说明如下。
附图说明
图1所示为一部份半导体基底的剖面示意图。
图2所示为形成保护层后的图1中的结构的剖面示意图。
图3所示为形成第二介电层与光阻层并进行蚀刻后的图2中的结构的剖面示意图。
图4所示为形成蚀刻至闸极的介层窗开口的结构的剖面示意图。
图5所示为形成第三介电材料后的结构的剖面示意图。
图6所示为进行非等向性蚀刻后的结构的剖面示意图。
1:基底 2:闸氧化层
3、12:表面 4:闸极
5、8:保护层 6:源极
7:汲极 9:第二介电层
10、13:光阻层 11:接触窗
14、18、19:开口 15:第三介电层
16、17:覆盖层
具体实施方式
请参阅图1所示,为一部份半导体基底的剖面示意图。如图1所示,基底1包括在基底1的表面3上的闸氧化层2与配置于闸氧化层2顶端的闸极4。保护层5配置于闸极4上,有时候称为闸氮化层,其材质例如为氮化硅(Si3N4)。闸氧化层2的材质可以为习知技术中的任何氧化物。闸极4的材质例如为多晶硅。上述结构可以习知技术来形成,在此不另行叙述。图1也绘示出与闸极4结合在一起的源极6与汲极7。值得注意的是,连结闸极、源极与汲极的方式是采对其最小损害的方式相连结,且连结制程将在此描述。
请参阅图2所示,为形成保护层后的图1中的结构的剖面示意图。如图2所示,保护层8,有时候称为阻障层,覆盖于表面3、闸极4、保护层5与闸氧化层2上。保护层8的材质例如为氮化硅或氮氧化硅(Si3OXNY),其中X与Y可以为0~2。保护层8可以利用习知技术来形成,例如为低压化学气相沉积法(LPCVD)或电浆增强型化学气相沉积法(PECVD)。保护层8的厚度例如为20~500。举例来说,较佳的厚度例如为大约230。
请参阅图3所示,为形成第二介电层与光阻层并进行蚀刻后的图2中的结构的剖面示意图。如图3所示,在保护层8上配置第二介电层9,之后配置光阻层10并使用光罩以提供一开口,再利用此开口形成源极6的接触窗。最初的接触窗11是如图3所示蚀刻穿过第二介电层9。蚀刻穿过第二介电层9后,则停止在保护层8的表面12上。对最初的接触窗11进行蚀刻可以利用一般的蚀刻制程,此蚀刻制程例如为反应离子蚀刻,其蚀刻气体例如为六氟丁二烯(C4F6)/氧气(O2)/氩气(Ar)。如图3所示,形成接触窗11的蚀刻制程在到达保护层8后即停止。因为此蚀刻制程并没有穿过保护层8,所以可避免对基底1上的源极6的接触区域造成损害。第二介电层9在半导体结构的主动(active)层之间提供绝缘的作用,一般被称为层间介电层。第二介电层9的材质可为各种绝缘材料,例如为二氧化硅。
请参阅图4所示,为形成蚀刻至闸极的介层窗开口的结构的剖面示意图。如图4所示,在进行完蚀刻之后,去除光阻层10并以经过曝光的光阻层13代替,然后蚀刻第二介电层9以形成向下延伸至闸极4的最初的开口14。对最初的开口14进行蚀刻则可以利用如上所述与形成最初的接触窗11相同的制程。在形成穿过保护层8与5(有时候也被称为闸氮化层)的开口14之后,去除光阻层13。为了图示的方便,只有图示说明最初的接触窗11替源极6提供开口,然而也可以利用相同的技术替汲极7提供开口。
请参阅图5所示,为形成第三介电材料后的结构的剖面示意图。如图5所示,第三介电层15则使用在提供覆盖层至连接源极6与闸极4的接触窗开口时的最初步骤。第三介电层15的材质例如为氮化硅或氮氧化硅(Si3OXNY),其中X与Y与前述的保护层8相同。第三介电层15的形成方法例如为低压化学气相沉积法或电浆增强型化学气相沉积法,其合适的厚度例如在20至500之间。一般较佳的厚度例如为150。
请参阅图6所示,为进行非等向性蚀刻后的结构的剖面示意图。如图6所示,进行非等向性蚀刻以去除第二介电层9表面上与通往源极6的接触窗中的保护层8上的第三介电层15。在图6中,除了第三介电层15,蚀刻制程也去除了源极6上方的接触窗中的保护层8。上述的蚀刻制程所使用的蚀刻气体及其特性将在表1中所叙述。其中,蚀刻制程例如为熟知的反应离子蚀刻技术。如表1所示,说明了二个示范的蚀刻制程的蚀刻比。反应离子蚀刻形成了通往源极6的最终开口18中的覆盖层16,与通往闸极4的最终开口19中的覆盖层17。
表1
三氟甲烷/氩气 | 四氟甲烷/三氟甲烷/氩气 | |||
蚀刻速率 | 均匀度(U%) | 蚀刻速率 | U% | |
氮化硅蚀刻速率(/min) | 1121或更高 | 3.65 | 1721.3或更高 | 11.90 |
二氧化硅蚀刻速率(/min) | 766或更高 | 5.24 | 1816.7或更高 | 5.26 |
硅蚀刻速率(/min) | 420或更高 | 600或更高 | ||
氮化硅:二氧化硅选择比 | 1.46或更高 | 0.95或更高 | ||
氮化硅:硅选择比 | 2.67或更高 | 2.87或更高 |
综上所述,使用上述的技术,在源极6部分的基底只需经过一次的蚀刻制程,因此对基底造成的损害可减至最小。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟习此技艺者,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作些许的更动与润饰,因此本发明的保护范围当视后附的申请专利范围所界定者为准。
Claims (10)
1、一种在材料表面形成接触窗开口的方法,其特征在于其包括:
在一材料的一表面上形成一第一介电层;
在该第一介电层上形成一第二介电层;
自该第二介电层的一表面至该材料的该表面形成一第一孔洞,其中该第一孔洞的长度小于该第一介电层与该第二介电层的总厚度;
形成一第三介电层,以覆盖该孔洞的一表面与暴露出的该第一介电层的一表面;以及
去除该第三介电层与该第一介电层的一部份,以暴露出该材料的该表面的一部份。
2、根据权利要求1所述的在材料表面形成接触窗开口的方法,其特征在于其中在该表面上形成该第一介电层的方法包括在该表面上沉积一氮化硅层。
3、根据权利要求1所述的在材料表面形成接触窗开口的方法,其特征在于其中在该表面上形成该第一介电层的方法包括在该表面上沉积一氮氧化硅层。
4、根据权利要求2所述的在材料表面形成接触窗开口的方法,其特征在于其中沉积该氮化硅层的方法包括使用一化学气相沉积制程。
5、根据权利要求3所述的在材料表面形成接触窗开口的方法,其特征在于其中沉积该氮氧化硅层的方法包括使用一化学气相沉积制程。
6、根据权利要求1所述的在材料表面形成接触窗开口的方法,其特征在于其中去除该第三介电层与该第一介电层的一部份以暴露出该材料的该表面的一部份的方法包括进行一非等向性蚀刻制程。
7、根据权利要求1所述的在材料表面形成接触窗开口的方法,其特征在于其中在该第一介电层上形成该第二介电层的方法包括在该第一介电层上形成二氧化硅层。
8、根据权利要求1所述的在材料表面形成接触窗开口的方法,其特征在于其中形成该第一孔洞的方法包括进行一蚀刻制程。
9、根据权利要求8所述的在材料表面形成接触窗开口的方法,其特征在于其中所述的蚀刻制程包括反应离子蚀刻。
10、根据权利要求1所述的在材料表面形成接触窗开口的方法,其特征在于其中去除该第三介电层与该第一介电层的一部份的方法包括进行一反应离子蚀刻。
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-
2004
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-
2005
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- 2005-03-29 CN CN200510059368.6A patent/CN1761040A/zh active Pending
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US20060079080A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
US7375027B2 (en) | 2008-05-20 |
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