CN1761322A - 选择参考图像的方法 - Google Patents

选择参考图像的方法 Download PDF

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CN1761322A
CN1761322A CNA2005101070888A CN200510107088A CN1761322A CN 1761322 A CN1761322 A CN 1761322A CN A2005101070888 A CNA2005101070888 A CN A2005101070888A CN 200510107088 A CN200510107088 A CN 200510107088A CN 1761322 A CN1761322 A CN 1761322A
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苏允成
全柄文
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Abstract

在该方法中,使用参考图像索引信息从至少一个参考图像列选择用于处理场宏块的至少一个参考图像。这里,每个所选的至少一个参考图像是场,并且所选的至少一个参考场的奇偶性可以基于场宏块的奇偶性和参考图像索引信息。

Description

选择参考图像的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及编码和解码运动图像的方法。
背景技术
运动图像编码系统使用运动向量信息补偿运动。在使用多个参考图像的运动图像编码系统的情况中,需要参考图像索引信息和运动向量信息用于运动补偿。参考图像索引是用于彼此区分多个参考图像的值。编码器将参考图像索引传送到解码器。解码器选择由参考图像索引指示的参考图像,并使用所选的参考图像执行运动补偿。
总的来说,将影像的扫描方法分类为渐进扫描和交织扫描。在渐进扫描的情况中,一帧的影像由同时采样的数据组成。在交织扫描的情况中,一帧的影像由在不同时间采样的数据组成,并且采样一行一行地交替。
帧的交织的影像被划分为顶场(top field)和底场(bottom field)。在交织扫描中,将一帧划分为两个场影像(image)。在这个规范中,基于图像单元来处理影像。将帧或场分配给图像。
提出了用于交织运动图像的三种编码方法。第一编码方法是场图像编码方法,其在画面或片段级(slice level)将每个场考虑为独立的图像来执行编码过程。第二编码方法是帧图像编码方法,其在画面或片段级将两个场组合为一个帧之后执行编码过程。第三编码方法是具有帧/场宏块的帧图像编码方法,其通过在宏块级将两个场组合为一个帧并选择帧模式或场模式来执行编码过程。
在第三编码方法中,将两个垂直相邻的宏块结合为一对,并且以宏块对为单位执行编码。在图1中,在宏块对中分配的数字指示用于彼此区分宏块的宏块地址。
这里,帧宏块是以帧为单位在宏块对的顶宏块和底宏块编码的宏块。换句话说,在将两个场(field)组合为一个帧之后以帧为单位编码每个宏块。
同时,场宏块是以场为单位在宏块对的顶宏块和底宏块编码的宏块。宏块对被划分为顶场和底场分量并且对每个场独立编码。在此时,重新排列宏块对使得顶宏块和底宏块分别仅包括顶场分量和底场分量。顶宏块被称为顶场宏块并且底宏块被称为底场宏块。
在帧单元中配置用于存储多个参考图像的参考缓存器。在帧图像编码中,将所有参考图像考虑为其中将两个场组合为一个帧的帧的单元,并且参考帧图像中的一个图像用于运动补偿。因此,将值分配给帧单元中的参考图像索引。
通过以和编码顺序相反的顺序分类所有参考图像,且之后顺序分配增加一的索引到分类的参考图像来获得P帧的参考图像索引。B帧的参考图像索引被分类为列0和列1,并且被基于参考图像的显示顺序确定。
首先,在参考帧列0的情况中,将索引以相反顺序分配到其显示顺序在B帧之后的参考帧,并且之后,以显示顺序将剩余索引分配到其显示顺序在B帧之前的参考帧。在参考帧列1的情况中,和参考帧列0相反,以显示顺序将索引分配到其显示顺序在B帧之前的参考帧,并且之后,以相反顺序将剩余索引分配到其显示顺序在B帧之后的参考帧。图2示出了当参考缓存器的大小是5时的P帧的参考图像索引,并且图3示出了B帧的参考图像索引列0和1。
在场图像编码中,将所有参考图像的场考虑为独立图像,且参考场图像之一用于运动补偿。因此,以场为单位将值分配给参考图像索引。在这时,以帧为单位组合参考场,并且之后,将在P帧的每个场中的参考图像索引以和帧的编码顺序相反的顺序分类。之后,以从具有等于当前图像的奇偶性的参考场到具有不同于当前图像的奇偶性的参考场的顺序交替分配增加了一的索引值,同时循序访问分类的参考图像。
另外,在B帧的每个场的参考图像索引列0和1的情况中,以帧为单位组合所有参考场,并且之后以和确定B帧的参考帧索引的方法相同的方式分类参考帧。之后,以从具有等于当前图像的奇偶性的参考场到具有不同于当前图像的奇偶性的参考场的顺序交替分配增加了一的索引值,同时循序访问分类的参考图像。
图4示出了当参考缓存器的大小是5时的P帧的顶场和底场的参考图像索引,且图5示出了能够用作参考的B帧的顶场和底场的参考图像索引列0和1。
为了改进编码效率,使用多个参考图像的运动图像编码系统提供在解码图像或片段之前重新排序参考图像索引的功能。在确定用于帧和场图像的初始参考图像索引之后,任意重新排序参考图像索引从而增强编码效率。图6示出了确定P帧的初始参考图像索引和根据上述方法任意重新排序索引的结果。
当使用多个参考图像的运动图像编码系统将交织运动图像编码为具有帧/场宏块的帧图像时,将帧宏块的所有参考图像考虑为帧单元,并且参考帧图像之一必须用于运动补偿。另外,所有场宏块的参考图像被考虑为独立图像,且参考场图像之一必须用于运动补偿。
因此,在以宏块级选择帧/场编码模式的帧图像编码中,需要根据每个宏块的编码模式,在帧单元或场单元中将值分配给参考图像索引。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供用于运动补偿的参考图像信息,其是通过当在使用多个参考图像的运动图像编码系统中,以具有帧/场宏块的帧图像编码交织的运动图像时,根据宏块的编码方法不同地确定参考图像索引来实现的。
在一个实施例中,选择用于处理场宏块的参考图像的方法包括:从至少一个参考图像列中使用参考图像索引信息选择用于处理场宏块的至少一个参考图像。这里,每个所选的至少一个参考图像是场。例如,参考场可以是顶场或底场。
在另一实施例中,该方法可以进一步包括使用所选的至少一个参考图像处理场宏块。
在另外的实施例中,该方法可以包括形成至少一个参考图像列。例如,形成步骤包括初始化至少一个参考图像列,和重新排序至少一个参考图像列。
在另一实施例中,如果参考图像索引信息是偶数索引号,那么所选的至少一个参考场具有和场宏块相同的场奇偶性。
在再一实施例中,如果参考图像索引信息是奇数索引号,那么所选的至少一个参考场具有和场宏块不同的场奇偶性。
在一个实施例中,选择用于处理场宏块的参考图像的方法包括使用参考图像索引信息从至少一个参考图像列选择用于处理场宏块的至少一个参考图像。这里,每个所选的至少一个参考图像是场,并且所选的至少一个参考场的奇偶性可以基于场宏块的奇偶性和参考图像索引信息。
附图说明
附图是为了能进一步了解本发明而包含的,并且被纳入本说明书中构成本说明书的一部分,这些附图示出了本发明的一个或多个实施例,并用于与本说明书一起对本发明的原理进行说明。
在附图中:
图1示出了在具有一般帧/场宏块的帧图像中的宏块对;
图2示出了根据现有技术的在运动图像编码系统中P帧编码的参考图像索引;
图3示出了根据现有技术的在运动图像编码系统中B帧编码的参考图像索引列0和1;
图4示出了根据现有技术的在运动图像编码系统中P帧的顶场和底场编码中的参考图像索引;
图5示出了根据现有技术的在运动图像编码系统中B帧的顶场和底场编码中的参考图像索引列0和1;
图6示出了根据现有技术的在运动图像编码系统中P帧编码中重新排序的参考图像索引;
图7示出了根据本发明的在运动图像编码系统中具有帧宏块的P帧和B帧的参考图像索引;
图8示出了根据本发明实施例的在运动图像编码系统中具有场宏块的P帧和B帧的参考图像索引(情况1);
图9示出了根据本发明另一实施例的在运动图像编码系统中具有场宏块的P帧和B帧的参考图像索引(情况2);
图10示出了根据本发明另一实施例的在运动图像编码系统中具有场宏块的P帧和B帧的参考图像索引(情况3);
图11示出了根据本发明的另外实施例的在运动图像编码系统中具有场宏块的B帧的参考图像索引(情况3);
图12示出了根据本发明另一实施例的在运动图像编码系统中具有场宏块的P帧和B帧的参考图像索引(情况4);
具体实施方式
在下文中,将参考附图详细描述本发明的优选实施例。
如前所述,运动图像编码系统使用运动向量信息补偿运动。在使用多个参考图像的运动图像编码系统的情况中,使用参考图像索引信息和运动向量信息用于运动补偿。参考图像索引是用于彼此区分多个参考图像的值。编码器将参考图像索引传送到解码器。解码器选择由参考图像索引指示的参考图像,并使用所选的参考图像执行运动补偿。
当将交织的运动图像编码为具有帧/场宏块的帧图像时,使用多个参考图像的运动图像编码系统必须以用于在帧宏块中的帧编码的顺序从参考帧执行运动补偿。换句话说,参考图像可以被考虑为帧单元。但是,运动图像编码系统被以在场模块中的场编码的顺序从参考图像执行运动补偿。换句话说,所有参考图像可以被考虑为场单元。
因此,具有帧/场宏块的帧图像必须使用在宏块级具有不同结构的索引。例如,帧宏块使用帧单元的参考图像索引,而场宏块使用场单元的参考图像索引。应该考虑到可以以图像或片段级重新排序参考图像索引。
因此,具有帧/场宏块的帧图像应该考虑在图像或片段级在帧单元中的参考图像,且具有帧单元的重新排序的参考图像索引。需要基于宏块级的帧单元的参考图像索引,根据宏块的编码模式来确定参考图像索引。
本发明提供了用于确定在具有帧/场宏块的帧图像中的参考图像索引的方法的实施例。该方法包括在图像(或片段)级确定参考图像索引的处理和在宏块级确定参考图像索引的处理。
[1]在图像(或片段)级确定(或初始化)参考图像索引
在图像或片段级在帧单元中考虑参考图像,并且计算帧单元的参考图像索引。
在该方法或确定P帧的参考图像索引中,以与编码顺序相反的顺序分类参考帧,且分配索引,同时顺序访问分类的参考帧。
基于参考值的显示顺序确定B帧的参考图像索引。首先,在参考帧列0的情况中,将索引以相反顺序分配给其显示顺序在B帧之后的参考帧,并且将剩余索引以显示顺序分配到其显示顺序在B帧之前的参考帧。
在参考帧列1的情况中,以与参考帧列0相反,以显示顺序将索引分配给其显示顺序高于B帧的参考帧,并且将剩余索引以相反顺序分配给其显示顺序低于B帧的参考帧。当重新排序参考图像索引从而增强编码效率时,重新排序帧单元的参考图像索引。
在下面所述的这个和其它实施例中,为了改进编码效率,使用多个参考图像的运动图像编码系统可以提供在解码图像或片段之前重新排序参考图像索引的功能。在确定用于帧和场图像的初始参考图像索引之后,任意重新排序参考图像索引从而增强编码效率。当重新排序参考图像索引从而增强编码效率时,重新排序帧单元的参考图像索引。
[2]确定宏块级的参考图像索引
根据宏块的编码模式修改参考图像索引,同时相对于在图像(或片段)级获得的帧单元的参考图像索引以宏块对为单位执行编码。将在下面描述这个处理。
[2.1]帧宏块的情况
因为必须从参考帧到帧宏块执行运动补偿,参考图像索引应该是帧单元。因此,使用在图像(或片段)级获得的帧单元的参考图像索引。
可以以具有彼此相反的奇偶性的场对配置在参考缓存器中存储的参考帧。图7示出了当参考缓存器的大小是5时P帧和B帧中的帧宏块的参考图像索引。
[2.2]场宏块的情况
因为必须从参考场到场宏块执行运动补偿,参考图像索引应该是场单元。在这个情况中,具有彼此相反的奇偶性的场对也在参考缓存器中存在。因此,将每个参考帧划分为两个场,同时根据在图像(或片段)级获得的帧单元的参考图像索引顺序地访问参考帧。然后,将参考图像索引新分配给每个场。以多种模式分配每个参考帧的两个场的参考图像索引(情况1到4)。
(情况1)
不考虑当前场宏块的顶场和底场宏块,将较低索引分配给顶参考场,并且将较高索引分配给底参考场,同时以在图像(或片段)级获得的参考图像索引的顺序循序地访问参考帧。
换句话说,顶参考场和底参考场索引可以由下面等式给出:
顶参考场索引=2×参考帧的图像索引
底参考场索引=2×参考帧的图像索引+1。
图8示出了P帧和B帧的场宏块的参考图像索引。
(情况2)
不考虑当前场宏块的顶场和底场宏块,将较低索引分配给底参考场,并且将较高索引分配给顶参考场,同时以在图像(或片段)级获得的参考图像索引的顺序循序地访问参考帧。
换句话说,顶参考场和底参考场索引可以由下面等式给出:
顶参考场索引=2×参考帧的图像索引+1
底参考场索引=2×参考帧的图像索引。
图9示出了P帧和B帧的场宏块的参考图像索引。
(情况3)
从具有与当前场相等的奇偶性的参考场开始到具有与当前场不同的奇偶性的参考场,将增加了一的索引交替分配给参考场,同时根据图像(或片段)级的参考图像索引顺序循序地访问参考帧。图10和11示出了用于P帧和B帧的场宏块的参考图像索引。
(情况4)
不考虑当前场宏块的顶场和底场宏块,将较低索引分配给在时间上靠近当前场的参考场,且将较高索引分配给在时间上远离当前场的参考场,同时以图像(或片段)级的参考图像索引顺序循序访问参考帧。
换句话说,参考图像索引可以由下面等式表示:
靠近当前场的参考图像索引=2×参考帧的图像索引
远离当前场的参考图像索引=2×参考帧的图像索引+1
在图12中,示出了P帧和B帧的场宏块的参考图像索引。
虽然在这里参考优选实施例描述和图示了本发明,本领域普通技术人员应该清楚在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可做出多种修改和变更。因此,本发明意在覆盖修改和变更。
根据本发明的至少一个实施例的编码运动图像的方法,当使用多个参考图像的运动图像编码系统将交织的运动图像编码为具有帧/场宏块的帧图像时,通过根据宏块的编码模式不同地确定参考图像索引,移动图像编码系统有效地提供用于运动补偿的参考图像信息。

Claims (10)

1.一种选择用于处理场宏块的参考图像的方法,其包括:
使用参考图像索引信息从至少一个参考图像选择用于处理场宏块的至少一个参考图像,每个所选的至少一个参考图像是场。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,该至少一个参考场的奇偶性是使用场宏块的奇偶性和参考图像索引信息来选择的。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,该至少一个参考图像构成至少一个参考图像列表。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,如果参考图像索引信息是偶数索引号,那么所选的至少一个参考场具有和场宏块相同的场奇偶性。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中,如果参考图像索引信息是奇数索引号,那么所选的至少一个参考场具有和场宏块不同的场奇偶性。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,如果参考图像索引信息是奇数索引号,那么所选的至少一个参考场具有和场宏块不同的场奇偶性。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,如果参考图像索引信息是偶数索引号且场宏块是顶场宏块,那么所选的至少一个参考场是顶场。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,如果参考图像索引信息是偶数索引号且场宏块是底场宏块,那么所选的至少一个参考场是底场。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,如果参考图像索引信息是奇数索引号且场宏块是顶场宏块,那么所选的至少一个参考场是底场。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,如果参考图像索引信息是奇数索引号且场宏块是底场宏块,那么所选的至少一个参考场是顶场。
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