CN1781245B - 用于控制功率放大器的输出功率的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于控制功率放大器的输出功率的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1781245B
CN1781245B CN200480011772.XA CN200480011772A CN1781245B CN 1781245 B CN1781245 B CN 1781245B CN 200480011772 A CN200480011772 A CN 200480011772A CN 1781245 B CN1781245 B CN 1781245B
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power
voltage
circuit
power amplifier
output
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CN1781245A (zh
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T·J·迪皮斯
R·M·博科克
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Qualcomm Inc
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Silicon Laboratories Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/02Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
    • H03F1/0205Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
    • H03F1/0211Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the supply voltage or current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03GCONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
    • H03G3/00Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers without distortion of the input signal
    • H03G3/004Control by varying the supply voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/462Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the current being sensed
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/471Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the voltage being sensed
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/481A resistor being used as sensor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/504Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the supply voltage or current being continuously controlled by a controlling signal, e.g. the controlling signal of a transistor implemented as variable resistor in a supply path for, an IC-block showed amplifier
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/78A comparator being used in a controlling circuit of an amplifier

Abstract

提供一种与功率放大器(100)一起使用的方法和设备,以向功率放大器(100)提供稳定电源。本发明利用电压和电流调节的组合来克服先有技术中遇到的问题。在一个实例中,在高功率电平使用电压调节,而在低功率电平使用电流调节。

Description

用于控制功率放大器的输出功率的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及功率放大器。更具体地说,本发明涉及用于控制功率放大器的输出功率的技术。
背景技术
在一些利用功率放大器的应用中,需要改变提供给负载的输出功率。例如,在移动电话环境中,希望根据各种因素改变移动电话的输出功率。例如,基站可决定每一移动电话应该发射的功率电平(例如,根据诸如到基站的物理距离等因素)。
控制功率放大器的输出功率的标准方法是利用调压器来调节电池或者供电电压。控制功率放大器的输出功率的典型方法利用“开环”或者“闭环”控制技术。闭环技术利用RF传感器,比如定向耦合器,来检测功率放大器的输出功率。检测的输出功率用在反馈环中,以调节输出功率。“开环”技术通过调节功率放大器使用的供电电压或者电源电流来控制输出功率。开环技术是普及的,因为开环技术没有与RF传感器单元相关的损失和复杂性。
开环技术具有几个问题。例如,因为没有使用输出检测,利用开环技术的部件出现不准确性以及部件与部件之间的变化。合乎需要的是使用实现低温并且最小的部件到部件的变化的开环技术。
图1和2显示两个开环技术的先有技术实例,用于调节功率放大器的输出功率。图1是显示开环调压技术的示意图。图1显示功率放大器100以及调压器102。调压器102由开关装置M1、运算放大器104以及反馈环组成。调压器102根据检测的电压以及用自动功率控制信号VAPC表示的期望功率电平,向功率放大器100提供稳定电压。
图2是显示开环电流调节技术的示意图。与图1一样,图2显示功率放大器100以及调压器102。调压器102由开关装置M1、运算放大器104、电流检测电阻R1以及反馈环组成。调压器102根据通过电阻R1检测的电流以及用功率控制信号VAPC表示的期望功率电平,向功率放大器100提供调节的电流。
通常,调压在开环设计中是优选的,因为调压没有与电流传感元件、比如图2中的电阻R1关联的损失。但是,在许多功率放大器设计中,特别是CMOS设计中,调压可导致大的热能以及部件到部件的变化。这些问题部分地由晶体管中的热电压(VT)变化导致,它在稳定电压接近热电压(VT)极限时,在低功率时导致大的功率变化。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一个方面,提供了一种电路,用于控制功率放大器的输出功率,包括:电压传感器;电流传感器;以及连接到所述电压传感器和所述电流传感器的控制电路,用于控制所述功率放大器的输出功率。
根据本发明的第二个方面,提供了一种集成电路,包括:功率放大器;电压传感器;电流传感器;以及连接到所述电压传感器和所述电流传感器的控制电路,用于利用来自所述电压和电流传感器的信息控制功率放大器的输出功率。
根据本发明的第三个方面,提供了一种控制功率放大器的输出功率的方法,包括:检测提供给所述功率放大器的电流;检测提供给所述功率放大器的电压;选择性地利用所述检测的电流和检测的电压控制所述功率放大器的输出功率。
本发明的其它目的、特性和优点从附图以及以下的详细说明而显而易见。
附图说明
本发明在附图中的各个图中用例示而非限制的方式进行说明,其中相同的附图标记表示类似的单元,并且其中:
图1是显示开环调压技术的示意图。
图2是显示开环电流调节技术的示意图。
图3是本发明的功率调节技术的一个实例的方框图。
图4是图示本发明的一个实现的示意图。
图5是一个取小电路的示意图。
图6和7是图示本发明的改进性能的图。
图8和9是图示信号V1、V2和V3的关系的定时图。
具体实施方式
为了提供用于理解本描述的环境,以下图示了本发明的典型应用的一个实例。利用本发明功率控制技术的功率放大器可以与诸如无线电话或者其它装置的无线传输系统一起使用。在诸如蜂窝式电话的无线装置中,无线装置可包括收发信机、天线双工器以及天线。收发信机和天线双工器之间连接的是RF功率放大器,用于放大信号以便经天线发射。在无线电话应用的情况下,本发明可以应用到GSM、CDMA、PCS、DCS等等,或者其它无线系统。这仅仅是利用本发明的功率放大器的应用的一个实例。本发明还可用于任何需要功率放大器的其它应用中。
一般地,本发明利用电压和电流调节的组合来调节功率放大器的输出功率。在一个实例中,在高功率电平时利用调压(即在第一输出电压范围),而在低功率电平时利用电流调节(即第一输出电压范围)。
图3是本发明的功率调节技术的一个实例的方框图。图3显示功率放大器100和调节器106。连接到调节器106是控制电路108。控制电路108连接到功率控制信号VAPC、电压传感器110、以及电流传感器112。控制电路108和调节器106根据功率控制信号VAPC和检测的电压和电流来控制功率放大器100的输出功率。在一个实例中,在高功率电平使用调压以及在低功率电平使用电流调节来对功率放大器100供电。在本实例中,在高功率电平,控制电路108和调节器106利用检测的电压调节功率放大器100的输出功率。在低功率电平,控制电路108和调节器106利用检测的电流调节功率放大器100的输出功率。
图4是图示图3所示电路的一个实现的示意图。图4显示运算放大器114,它的一个输入端连接到VAPC,并且第二输入端连接到取小块116的输出V3。取小块的一个实例在下面相对于图5进行描述。取小块116具有两个输入端。第一输入端V1连接到功率放大器100和第一开关装置M2之间的节点。第二输入端V2连接到第二开关装置M3和电流传感电阻器R2之间的节点。取小块116的输出V3的电压将接近输入V1和V2中较小的一个,如以下的等式所示:
V3=V1,当V1<V2;以及
V3=V2,当V2<V1
在图4所示电路中,开关装置M2和M3作为电流反射镜,其中M3比M2小得多。电阻R2的大小为,在大功率时,开关装置M3将饱和并且V2将接近VBAT。因此,在高功率电平时,V1将小于V2,并且V3将等于V1。在V3等于V1时,电路作为调压器(因为功率放大器通过在V1检测电压来控制)。在低功率电平,由于功率放大器100的阈值电压非线性的原因,V1变得高于V2。因此,在低功率电平时,V3将等于V2。当V3等于V2时,电路作为整流器(因为功率放大器通过检测提供给电阻R2的电流来控制)。在如上所述实施例中,V3接近V1或者V2。在另一个实例中,V3可能不接近V1或者V2,但与其中一个相关。例如,在高功率电平,V3可与V1成比例,而不是接近V1。类似的,在低功率电平,V3可与V2成比例,而不是接近V2。其它实施例也是可能的。
图4所示的取小块116可实施为任何期望的方式。下面是电路的一个实例的描述,电路用于提供取小功能。图5是取小电路116的示意图。如上述,取小块116具有一个输出V3,它近似等于输入V1和V2中较小的那个。图5所示的实现显示第一运算放大器120,它具有连接到V1和V3的两个输入端。第二运算放大器122具有连接到V2和V3的两个输入端。直流电源IDC也提供给V2。运算放大器120的输出提供给开关装置M4,该开关装置M4连接在V3和一个参考结点(例如地)之间。运算放大器122的输出提供给开关装置M5,该开关装置M5连接在V2和一个参考结点(例如地)之间。运算放大器120和122,以及开关装置M4和M5,仅仅能够从V3吸收电流。当V1大于V2时(低功率时),开关装置M4的门被强迫接地,并且M4关闭。于是V3等于V2。类似的,当V2大于V1时(高功率时),开关装置M5的门被强迫接地,并且M5关闭。于是V3等于V1。如果V1和V2相等,则开关装置M4和M5都将接通,并且来自电流源IDC的电流将在它们之间分配,使得V3=V1=V2
图6和7是图示本发明的改进特性的图。图6是由调压器调节的现有技术(例如图1)功率放大器的三个不同温度下(例如高、中和低温)输出功率(dbm)对功率控制信号VAPC的电压图。如图6所示,在较高功率电平下,输出功率变化相对小,但随着输出功率电平的下降而提高。因此,可以看出,在高功率电平下,电压调节是满意的,但在低功率电平下较不可靠。
本发明利用了高功率电平下调压的可靠性,以及低功率电平下电流调节的可靠性。图7是与图6类似的图,图示了本发明提供的改进。在高功率电平下,采用电压调节,得到与图6所示类似的图。随着功率下降,本发明的调节器从电压调节器改变为电流调节器,从而改进了所示三个温度的输出功率变化。
图8和9是图示信号V1、V2和V3的关系的定时图。图8图示了信号V1和V2的电压,作为功率放大器的输出功率(POUT)的函数。如图所示,在较高功率电平下(图8的右边部分),V1小于V2。在较低功率电平下(图8的左边部分),V2小于V1。图9图示了信号V3的电压,作为功率放大器的输出功率(POUT)的函数。由于信号V3等于V1和V2中较小的那个,因此V3在较低功率电平下类似于V2,而在较高功率电平下类似于V1。V1和V2的其它部分用虚线给出,以帮助图示V3和V1和V2之间的关系。在V1和V2曲线交叉的点的地方,本发明的功率控制技术在电流调节和电压调节之间切换。
本发明可以与要求调节电压的任何装置一起使用,比如功率放大器。本发明可实现在集成电路中(如CMOS等)或者利用离散元件实现。如果需要,本发明可以实现在包含要求调节功率的装置(例如功率放大器等)的同一集成电路中。
在前面的详细说明中,本发明参考特定的例示性实施例进行了描述。可以对其进行各种修改和变化,并不背离如权利要求所阐述的本发明的较宽的精神和范围。因此,说明书和附图被视为说明性的而非限制性的。

Claims (21)

1.一种电路,用于控制功率放大器的输出功率,包括:
电压传感器;
电流传感器;以及
连接到所述电压传感器和所述电流传感器的控制电路,用于控制所述功率放大器的输出功率。
2.如权利要求1所述的电路,还包括:
连接到所述电压传感器和所述控制电路的调压器;以及
连接到所述电流传感器和所述控制电路的整流器;以及
其中所述功率放大器的输出功率利用所述调压器或者所述整流器来调节。
3.如权利要求2所述的电路,其中所述功率放大器的输出功率被通过使用所述调压器控制在第一输出功率电平范围,并且被通过使用所述整流器控制在第二功率电平范围。
4.如权利要求2所述的电路,其中所述功率放大器的输出功率被通过使用所述调压器控制在预定的高输出功率电平,并且被通过使用所述整流器控制在预定的低输出功率电平。
5.如权利要求1所述的电路,其中所述电压传感器产生与检测的电压有关的第一信号,并且所述电流传感器产生与检测的电流有关的第二信号,以及其中所述控制电路利用产生的信号控制所述功率放大器的输出功率。
6.如权利要求5所述的电路,其中所述控制电路利用产生的具有较小电压电平的信号控制所述功率放大器的输出功率。
7.如权利要求5所述的电路,其中所述控制电路在预定的高功率电平下,利用所述第一信号控制所述功率放大器的输出功率。
8.如权利要求7所述的电路,其中所述控制电路在预定的低功率电平下,利用所述第二信号控制所述功率放大器的输出功率。
9.如权利要求5所述的电路,其中所述控制电路根据所述第一和第二信号产生第三信号。
10.如权利要求9所述的电路,其中所述第三信号在第一输出功率电平范围时接近所述第一信号,并且在第二输出功率电平范围时接近所述第二信号。
11.如权利要求1所述的电路,还包括连接在所述用于控制功率放大器的输出功率的电路的电压源和所述功率放大器之间的开关装置,其中所述电压传感器检测所述功率放大器和所述开关装置之间存在的电压。
12.如权利要求1所述的电路,还包括电阻单元,其中所述电流传感器通过所述电阻单元检测电流。
13.如权利要求12所述的电路,还包括连接在所述电阻单元和电压源之间的开关装置。
14.一种集成电路,包括:
功率放大器;
电压传感器;
电流传感器;以及
连接到所述电压传感器和所述电流传感器的控制电路,用于利用来自所述电压和电流传感器的信息控制功率放大器的输出功率。
15.如权利要求14所述的集成电路,其中所述电压传感器产生与检测的电压有关的第一信号,并且所述电流传感器产生与检测的电流有关的第二信号,以及其中所述控制电路利用产生的信号控制所述功率放大器的输出功率。
16.如权利要求15所述的集成电路,其中所述控制电路在预定的高功率电平下,利用所述第一信号控制所述功率放大器的输出功率。
17.如权利要求16所述的集成电路,其中所述控制电路在预定的低功率电平下,利用所述第二信号控制所述功率放大器的输出功率。
18.如权利要求15所述的集成电路,其中所述控制电路利用产生的具有较小电压电平的信号控制所述功率放大器的输出功率。
19.一种控制功率放大器的输出功率的方法,包括:
检测提供给所述功率放大器的电流;
检测提供给所述功率放大器的电压;
选择性地利用所述检测的电流和检测的电压控制所述功率放大器的输出功率。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其中在第一输出功率电平范围期间,所述检测的电压被用来控制所述功率放大器,并且在第二输出功率电平范围期间,所述检测的电流被用来控制所述功率放大器。
21.如权利要求19所述的方法,还包括如下步骤:将调压器连接到所述电压传感器和将整流器连接到所述电流传感器;其中所述调压器在预定的高功率电平下使用并且所述整流器在预定的低功率电平下使用。
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