CN1788183A - 聚合物顶板太阳能转换装置 - Google Patents

聚合物顶板太阳能转换装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1788183A
CN1788183A CNA2004800129017A CN200480012901A CN1788183A CN 1788183 A CN1788183 A CN 1788183A CN A2004800129017 A CNA2004800129017 A CN A2004800129017A CN 200480012901 A CN200480012901 A CN 200480012901A CN 1788183 A CN1788183 A CN 1788183A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
roof sheet
solar energy
converting solar
sunshine collector
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CNA2004800129017A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN100572982C (zh
Inventor
钦尼亚·蒂阿加拉贾
弗兰斯·阿德里安森
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SHPP Global Technologies BV
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of CN1788183A publication Critical patent/CN1788183A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN100572982C publication Critical patent/CN100572982C/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/02—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid
    • F03G6/04—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous
    • F03G6/045—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous by producing an updraft of heated gas or a downdraft of cooled gas, e.g. air driving an engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/007—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/34—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures
    • F03D9/35—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures within towers, e.g. using chimney effects
    • F03D9/37—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures within towers, e.g. using chimney effects with means for enhancing the air flow within the tower, e.g. by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/061—Parabolic linear or through concentrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S80/52—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by the material
    • F24S80/525—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by the material made of plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
    • F05B2240/131—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines by means of vertical structures, i.e. chimneys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05B2260/24—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling for draft enhancement in chimneys, using solar or other heat sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/10—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules extending in directions away from a supporting surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S80/56—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by means for preventing heat loss
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Abstract

本发明涉及一种太阳能转换装置(10)，所述太阳能转换装置(10)包括构成为收集太阳能的阳光收集器(14)。所述阳光收集器(14)包括多个顶板(22)。每个所述顶板(22)包括至少一个由至少一个壁(76)组成的顶板片(24)。所述预施应力和预弯的顶板片(72)由一个基本透明的热塑聚合物组成。

Description

聚合物顶板太阳能转换装置
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及产生电力输出的太阳能转换装置并且特别涉及其中使用的阳光收集顶板。
背景技术
这种典型的太阳能转换装置已知为“阳光管道”，使用一个由几个透明顶板构成的阳光收集器，以通过其传送阳光辐射。由所述阳光收集器传送的太阳能加热一种容纳在所述太阳能转换装置内的流体，其一般为空气。在所述流体内获得的热能转换为动能以在所述阳光收集器和管道之间维持对流上升气流，并且该动能用于驱动一个与发电机相连的汽轮机以产生电力输出。
所述阳光收集器应该希望具有足够的热绝缘性，以便在能有效地向其传递阳光辐射的同时而将热能保持在所述流体内。但是，常规的阳光收集器一般由预制的玻璃板组成，其具有较差热绝缘性。阳光收集器一般具有相对较大的表面积以保证阳光收集器足够的热性能。例如一个用于典型的200兆瓦电站的阳光收集器设计一般具有大约5Km总直径使其以大约70％的估计总效率水平运转。这种阳光收集器在遭受因风冲击其大表面而产生的巨大负荷时，应该采用合适的支撑结构以适当的跨距长度对其充分地加固以保持总体结构的牢固性。制造和维护由预制玻璃阳光收集器制造的以太阳能为基础的电厂需要很大的投资，这对所述电厂所发电力的成本效率具有不利的影响。
有人已经打算用由包括薄聚合物薄膜的顶板制造阳光收集器。在该种设计中，所述阳光收集器的总体热绝缘被加强到某一程度，但是对由这样薄的聚合物薄膜构成的所述顶板的结构牢固性进行实际维护存在挑战，特别是当所述阳光收集器遭受到很大的风负荷时。
因此，需要相关技术以致力于在不损害其结构的牢固性而减小所述阳光收集器的尺寸和重量以实现整体成本效益的同时提高阳光收集器的性能。
发明内容
简要地，根据本发明的一个实施例，太阳能转换装置包括一个构成为收集太阳能的阳光收集器。所述阳光收集器包括多个顶板。每个所述顶板包括至少一个由至少一个壁组成的顶板片。所述顶板片由一个基本透明的热塑聚合物组成。
本发明的另一个实施例提供一种包括收集太阳能的阳光收集器的太阳能转换装置。所述阳光收集器包括多个顶板。每个所述顶板包括至少一个充分预施应力的和充分预弯的聚碳酸酯双壁顶板片。所述至少一个顶板片具有至少大约12米的长度且具有范围从大约15毫米到大约18毫米的厚度。所述顶板片包括至少一个布置在所述顶板片的顶面和底面中至少之一上的涂层。
本发明的另一个实施例提供一种用于阳光收集器的顶板组件。所述顶板组件包括至少一个顶板片，所述顶板片进一步包括至少一个壁。所述顶板片包括一基本透明的热塑聚合物并且所述顶板组件被充分预施应力的和被充分预弯。
附图说明
当通过参考附图阅读下面的详细说明后，本发明的这些和其它特点、各方面以及优点会被更好地理解，在整个附图中类似的附图标记表示类似的部件，其中：
图1是具有阳光收集器的示意性的太阳能转换装置组件的示意图；
图2是图1的示意性平面图，表示具有多个顶板的典型的阳光收集器；
图3是从图2的Y-Y断面观察的示意性透视图，其表示顶板和顶板片的典型的设置；
图4是图3的X-X断面的截面图，表示根据本发明另一个实施例的单个顶板片的示意性断面结构；
图5是图3的X-X断面的截面图，表示根据本发明另一个实施例的单个顶板片的另一个示意性断面结构；
图6是图3的X-X断面的截面图，表示根据本发明另一个实施例的单个顶板片的另一个示意性断面结构；
图7是图3的X-X断面的截面图，表示根据本发明另一个实施例的单个顶板片的另一个示意性断面结构；
图8是表示根据本发明一个实施例的单个顶板片细节的示意性透视图；
图9是图8的Z-Z断面的截面图，表示根据本发明的一个实施例的图8中的顶板片的示意性的断面结构；
图10为根据本发明另一个实施例的单个顶板片的示意性透视图；
图11为根据本发明另一个实施例的单个顶板片的示意性透视图；
图12是一个典型地预弯聚合物片的示意性负荷与变形特性图；以及
图13是一个典型地预弯聚合物片的示意性预弯变形与预弯应力特征图。
具体实施方式
一种太阳能转换装置由太阳能产生电力。图1和图2显示一个示意性太阳能转换装置组件10的示意图。因此，如图1所示，本发明的太阳能转换装置10包括：一构成为从入射的阳光辐射11中收集太阳能的阳光收集器14。在某些实施例中，一种流体15，一般为空气，进入太阳能转换装置10与阳光收集器14的底面17接触。因此，由阳光收集器14传进的阳光辐射11的能量将热能传递给在其中流动的流体15。一储热装置20，其在某些实施例中一般地设置在所述阳光收集器14的底部，保证向流体15连续地传递热能，特别是在入射的阳光辐射不可获得或不足期间。在特定的实施例中，由阳光辐射11传递的热量转换为流体15的动能，且连续对流上升气流因典型的热诱对流而通过一管道12被维持。因此，连接到阳光收集器14的所述管道12在阳光收集器14和管道12之间维持流体15连续向上的流动。在某些实施例中，由流体15获得的动能用于驱动与发电机(未示出)连接的汽轮机16以产生电力输出。
图2是图1的示意性平面图，显示阳光收集器14包括多个顶板22。图3表示由图2中Y-Y断面观察的阳光收集器14的示意性透视图。图3表示包括至少一个顶板片24的顶板22的典型布置。每个顶板片24通过一个片与片接头44连接到其各自相邻的片上。进一步如图3所示，每个顶板22通过一个板与板接头42连接到其各自相邻的板上，以预定跨距长度“L”和预定跨距宽度“W”由一适当的结构18支撑。
所述顶板片24包括透明的热塑聚合材料。顶板片24希望允许大部分的阳光辐射11，例如大于80％左右，透射过所述顶板22。另一方面，所述顶板22应该希望具有足够的热绝缘能力以保留流体15在阳光收集器14中从阳光辐射11获得的热能。适合于所述顶板片24且具有上述的适当的透明性和绝缘能力性能的聚合材料，包括但不限于，聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氟乙烯和聚丙烯。在特别的实施例中，每个顶板22具有一般小于大约3W/m20K的传热系数。因此，由这样的聚合顶板片24制造的顶板22在保持足够的阳光辐射传递到所述流体15中(见图1至图3)的同时使阳光收集器14的改进的热性能得以保证。
图4至图7显示每个顶板片24包括至少一壁厚为“t1”(由附图标记28指示)且总厚为“t3”(由附图标记26指示)的壁76。图4至图7显示所述壁76及包括多个壁76的顶板片24的截面结构的示意性实施例。这样的顶板片24具有多个壁76，其包括例如双壁顶板片(图4和图7)、三壁顶板片(图5)和五壁顶板片(图6)。
所述顶板片24的适当横截面结构包括：例如盒形结构(图4和图5)、隧道结构(图6)和倾斜结构(图7)。图4和图5示出盒形横截面结构，其特征是矩形。如图6示出的隧道横截面结构具有顶壁(由附图标记82指示)，其在两个连续直立肋64之间构造为典型的内弯曲面78。如图7所示的倾斜横截面结构具有连接多个壁76的典型的倾斜肋或交叉肋80。
在某些实施例中，所述壁76具有范围从大约0.4mm到大约2mm的厚度“t1”。在某些实施例中，所述厚度“t1”在大约0.5mm到大约1.2mm的范围内。在某些其它实施例中，所述厚度“t1”在大约0.6mm到大约0.9mm的范围内。一般地，对壁76厚度“t1”的设计取决于一些因素之间的平衡关系，例如顶板片24的机械硬度和其制造上的限制。例如参考图4至图7，随着构成顶板片24的壁76的数量增加，会产生机械硬度上显著增益，但是这却损害顶板片24制造的容易程度。
在某些实施例中，总厚度“t3”(由附图标记26指示)在大约10mm到大约50mm的范围内。在某些实施例中，所述厚度“t3”在大约12mm到大约25mm的范围内。在某些其它的实施例中，所述厚度“t3”在大约15mm到大约18mm的范围内。一般地，对顶板片24的总厚度“t3”的设计取决于一些因素之间的平衡，例如顶板片24所经受的总的静态和动态负载下的机械硬度和制造限制，例如顶板片的可挤压性。
图3显示包括所述顶板片24的所述顶板22受到一个大气负荷36，其通常是风负荷所导致的。在如图10所示的一个实施例中，顶板片38设定为充分地预弯。所述预弯顶板片由附图标记38指示，示出在图10中。所述顶板片38通过施加一个合适的外部压力40被预弯。如图10所示，所述压力40在操作负载例如大气负荷36的方向上产生一个预弯曲“δ”。所述术语“充分地预弯曲”在此使用意味预弯所述顶板片38到具有例如至少大约50mm的值的一个预弯曲“δ”。在如图11所示的另一个实施例中，顶板片39设定为充分地预施应力。所述预施应力顶板片由附图标记39指示，示出在图11中。所述术语“充分地预施应力”在此使用意味通过施加另一个外张力41向所述顶板片39预施应力，该外张力具有例如至少0.1牛顿/每毫米顶板片39长度的值。这样的预施应力引起在所述顶板片39上的典型的拉力膜效果，这随后趋向于减轻由操作负荷例如大气负荷36所导致的压力、变形和动态不稳定性。
如图8所示，施加在顶板片72上的压缩力40引起顶板片72中的弯曲“δ”。所述顶板片72经常通过施加所述张力41被进一步预施应力。在顶板片72上引起的弯曲量“δ”改变该顶板片72的形状(见图8)。顶板片72形状的改变导致其非线性响应或挠曲，该顶板片72非线性响应或挠曲是施加在其上的外部负荷的函数(图12)，从而产生一个更硬的顶板片72，其能够更好地承受由于例如风负荷的外部负荷产生的挠曲。图13示出了一个示意性的曲线74，其表示改变弯曲“δ”对外部负荷在顶板片72上引起的应力的影响。如图13所示，如果在顶板片72上引起的弯曲“δ”从初始值大约200mm改变到例如大约300mm的值时，由施加在其上的外部负荷引起的相应应力水平从初始值大约15Mpa变化到大约12Mpa。
所述预施应力和预弯曲的大小会受到附加因素的限制，包括例如塑性变形，其引起所述顶板片72的变形特性的永久改变。因此，在某些实施例中，所述顶板片72设定为具有一个不大于大约500mm的弯曲量“δ”(图8)，并且在一些其它的实施例中，所述顶板片72被配置成通过施加不大于大约0.5牛顿每毫米所述顶板片72长度的所述外张力41而被预施应力。
预施应力和预弯曲的聚合物顶板22的示例性设计参数包括壁厚“t1”、总厚度“t3”以及顶板片72的横截面结构。优化如上的设计参数依赖于如下因素之间的平衡关系，例如顶板片72的结构硬度、在大气负荷下的动态稳定性、制造限制和所述顶板22的总重量。
参考图3，在某些实施例中各顶板22的支撑结构18之间的跨距长度“L”至少大约为12米。以所希望的跨距长度“L”设置支撑结构18通过提供足够的加固确保顶板22的总体结构上的牢固性。所述希望的跨距长度“L”的选择依赖于以下因素之间的平衡关系，例如制造支撑结构18的成本和顶板22的总体结构的完整性。
如图4至图7所描述，所述顶板片24设置至少一个布置在顶板24的顶面84和底面86至少之一上的涂覆层30、32。例如图8和图9所描述的一个特殊实施例显示一个示意性聚碳酸酯双层壁的顶板片72，其具有布置在顶板片72的顶面84和底面86上的这种涂覆层30、32。所述涂覆层30、32按需要设置以完成改进所述顶板片72的总体性能的各种功能。这种涂覆层30、32可能的功能性包括但不限于，一灭生物层(biocidal layer)、一防反射层、一自清洁层、一紫外线辐射保护层、一凝结保护层以及上述任何层的组合。
一个凝结保护层包括一个吸水涂层，其防止例如雾和湿气的潮湿大气凝结在顶板片72上。在本技术领域已知的其它材料中具有该特性的涂覆材料包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛基化合物和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮基化合物。
一灭生物层包括显著地防止例如藻类、真菌和细菌的生物剂生长和积聚的涂覆层。在本技术领域已知的其它材料中具有该特性的示例性涂覆层包括氧化锌和硼酸锌。
一光反射保护涂层包括一涂覆层，所述涂覆层允许大部分的入射阳光辐射透过所述顶板片72而不是被所述顶板片72反射。具有这样特性的涂覆材料包括但不限于金属氧化物，例如氧化铟、二氧化钛、氧化钙、氧化镓铟、五氧化铌、氧化铟锡、氟化镁的氧化物以及这些氧化物的组合物。
一自清洁层包括不易沾湿的涂层，其分解灰尘颗粒，否则该种灰尘颗粒会积聚在顶板片72上。具有这样特性的涂覆材料，包括但不限于本技术领域已知的硅氧烷基化合物(siloxane-based compounds)和聚碳酸酯-硅氧烷基共聚化合物(polycarbonate-siloxane-based co-polymeric compounds)。
所述紫外线辐射保护层提供所述顶板片72材料的光稳定性，从而保护所述材料免于由紫外线辐射所造成的退化。具有该特性的涂覆材料包括但不限于本技术领域所知的苯并三唑基化合物、苯甲酮基化合物、三嗪基化合物和受阻胺光稳定化合物。
为了利用上述本发明各方面的优势，本发明的一个特定实施例包括一个太阳能转换装置10，其包括一个构成为收集太阳能的阳光收集器14。所述阳光收集器14包括多个顶板22。每个所述顶板22包括至少一个“充分地预施应力”和“充分地预弯”的聚碳酸酯双壁顶板片72。所述顶板片具有至少大约12m的长度和范围从大约15mm到大约18mm的厚度“t3”。所述顶板片72进一步包括至少一个设置在所述顶板片72的顶面84和底面86至少之一上的覆层30、32(见图8和图9)。
本发明的另一个实施例包括一顶板组件25(见图3)。每个所述顶板22包括至少一个顶板片24。所述顶板片24由基本透明的热塑聚合物组成。具有至少一个壁76的该顶板片配置成被预施应力和被预弯。所述被预施应力和或被预弯的顶板片在图8和图9中由附图标记72表示。本发明的顶板组件25的各方面与使用在太阳能转换装置10的某些实施例中的顶板22的所述各方面相同。
尽管在此根据专利法规已对本发明进行说明和记述，但对本领域技术人员来说，很明显可以对公开的实施例进行修改和改变而不背离本发明的实际的精神和范围。因此，应该理解所附的权利要求书覆盖所有落入本发明的实际精神范围内的修改和改变。

Claims (11)

1.一种太阳能转换装置(10)包括：
构成为收集太阳能的阳光收集器(14)，其中，所述阳光收集器(14)包括多个顶板(22)，每个所述顶板(22)包括至少一个由至少一个壁(76)组成的顶板片(24)，所述顶板片(24)包括一基本透明的热塑聚合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的太阳能转换装置(10)，其中，所述透明热塑聚合物包括从由聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氟乙烯和聚丙烯组成的组中选择的一种材料。
3.如权利要求1所述的太阳能转换装置(10)，其中，所述顶板片(24)包括多个壁(76)。
4.如权利要求3所述的太阳能转换装置(10)，其中所述顶板片(24)由双壁顶板片、三壁顶板片和五壁顶板片中的至少一个组成，并且其中所述顶板片(24)进一步包括支持所述顶板片(24)的所述壁(76)的剖面结构。
5.如权利要求1所述的太阳能转换装置(10)，其中，所述至少一个顶板片(39、72)被配置成显著地预施应力。
6.如权利要求1所述的太阳能转换装置(10)，其中，所述至少一个顶板片(38、72)被配置成显著地预弯曲。
7.如权利要求1所述的太阳能转换装置(10)，其中，每个所述顶板(22)具有小于大约3W/m2°K的传热系数。
8.如权利要求1所述的太阳能转换装置(10)，其中，每个所述顶板片(24、72)包括至少一个设置在所述顶板片(24)的顶面(84)和底面(86)至少其一上的涂层(30、32)。
9.如权利要求8所述的太阳能转换装置(10)，其中，所述至少一个涂层(30、32)包括藻类保护层、光反射保护层、自清洁层、紫外线保护层、凝结保护层及其组合的至少其中之一。
10.如权利要求1所述的太阳能转换装置(10)，进一步包括：
与所述阳光收集器(14)的底面(17)接触的流体(15)；以及
与所述阳光收集器(14)连接的管道(12)，从而允许所述流体(15)在所述收集器14和所述管道(12)间流动。
11.一种太阳能转换装置(10)包括：
收集太阳能的阳光收集器(14)，所述阳光收集器(14)包括多个顶板(22)，其中每个所述顶板(22)包括至少一个显著地被预施应力的和显著地被预弯的聚碳酸酯双壁顶板片(72)，其中所述的至少一个顶板片(72)具有至少大约12米的长度，具有范围在大约15毫米到大约18毫米间的厚度，并且包括至少一个设置在所述顶板片(72)的顶面(84)和底面(86)至少其一上的涂层(30、32)。
CNB2004800129017A 2003-05-30 2004-05-14 聚合物顶板太阳能转换装置 Expired - Fee Related CN100572982C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/452,172 2003-05-30
US10/452,172 US7234303B2 (en) 2003-05-30 2003-05-30 Polymer roof panel solar energy conversion device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1788183A true CN1788183A (zh) 2006-06-14
CN100572982C CN100572982C (zh) 2009-12-23

Family

ID=33451946

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNB2004800129017A Expired - Fee Related CN100572982C (zh) 2003-05-30 2004-05-14 聚合物顶板太阳能转换装置

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7234303B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN100572982C (zh)
AU (1) AU2004245917A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2004109196A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA200510262B (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101852497A (zh) * 2010-02-26 2010-10-06 广东联塑科技实业有限公司 一种聚合物基太阳能集热器
CN106152546A (zh) * 2014-10-02 2016-11-23 霍利克太阳能系统有限公司 渗透式太阳能收集器烟囱塔

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050205408A1 (en) * 2004-03-22 2005-09-22 Marsh Douglas G Use of windpower to generate both electricity and potable water
DE602004024893D1 (de) * 2004-10-14 2010-02-11 Fiat Ricerche Optikelement und Modul zur Projektion eines Lichtbündels, und Kraftfahrzeugleuchte mit einer Mehrzahl solcher Modulen
US7637074B2 (en) * 2006-03-23 2009-12-29 Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. Storm panels and methods for manufacturing the same
US7856974B2 (en) * 2007-01-03 2010-12-28 Pitaya Yangpichit Solar chimney with internal solar collector
SG152071A1 (en) * 2007-10-09 2009-05-29 Dragon Energy Pte Ltd Wind energy conversion system
WO2010078723A1 (zh) * 2009-01-08 2010-07-15 Peng Michael 气流发电系统及方法
GB2468483A (en) * 2009-03-09 2010-09-15 Stratos Fuels Ltd Synthesising carbon-based fuels from carbon dioxide
TR200903009A2 (tr) * 2009-04-16 2010-07-21 Aydin Nuretti̇n Havanın ısıtılması ile elektrik üretim yöntemi.
US10137542B2 (en) 2010-01-14 2018-11-27 Senvion Gmbh Wind turbine rotor blade components and machine for making same
CN102762850B (zh) 2010-01-14 2015-04-08 耐普迪考股份有限公司 风力涡轮机转子叶片部件及其制造方法
US8534068B2 (en) 2010-01-15 2013-09-17 Pitaya Yangpichit Solar chimney with wind turbine
US8544488B2 (en) * 2011-08-03 2013-10-01 Justin Chun-Te Lin Collapsible canopy
US9617982B2 (en) 2011-12-30 2017-04-11 Pitaya Yangpichit Solar chimney with external vertical axis wind turbine
US9997978B2 (en) * 2015-04-09 2018-06-12 Henry Hovakimian Apparatus and methods for generating electricity from composting
US10337504B1 (en) * 2017-12-15 2019-07-02 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Solar chimney for power production using fresnel lens
CN110985301A (zh) * 2019-12-03 2020-04-10 宋德林 一种空气能观光发电塔

Family Cites Families (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3628142A (en) 1969-11-18 1971-12-14 American Optical Corp Sliding interval event detector
US4003363A (en) * 1974-06-10 1977-01-18 Abraham Grossman Solar panel construction
US4094717A (en) * 1975-06-03 1978-06-13 Aai Corporation Method of assembly of an insulating panel arrangement
US4123003A (en) * 1976-09-03 1978-10-31 Theodore Winston Solar energy collection panels and energy recovery systems
US4275309A (en) * 1977-07-21 1981-06-23 Lucier Robert E System for converting solar heat to electrical energy
AU527812B2 (en) * 1978-01-18 1983-03-24 Snook S R Solar canopy for solar augmented powerstation
US4443987A (en) * 1979-03-28 1984-04-24 The Franklin Institute Unitary solar window panel
US4678292A (en) * 1981-05-01 1987-07-07 Rca Corporation Curved structure and method for making same
US4359870A (en) 1982-02-24 1982-11-23 Holton Sr Aldon E Apparatus for producing electricity from solar energy
US4468849A (en) * 1982-03-08 1984-09-04 Atlantic Richfield Company Method of making a curved mirror module
DE3318937A1 (de) * 1983-05-25 1984-11-29 Ernst 6302 Lich Mühl Verformung zur versteifung, faltung, knickung und verbindung von kunststoffplatten zur herstellung von designobjekten, bauteilen und tragwerken
US5284628A (en) * 1992-09-09 1994-02-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Convection towers
IN181811B (zh) 1993-03-11 1998-10-03 Daya Ranjit Senanayake
CN1186539A (zh) 1995-04-06 1998-07-01 戴亚·R·塞纳纳亚科 动力生产装置及其建造方法
FR2777984B1 (fr) * 1998-04-22 2000-07-28 Toutenkamion Panneau solaire et dispositif de collecte d'energie solaire
IL146988A0 (en) 1999-06-10 2002-08-14 Sunarc Structures Inc Lightweight construction system
NL1014619C2 (nl) * 2000-03-13 2001-09-14 Inventum B V Werkwijze voor het vormen van een ruimtelijke constructie.
US20030214070A1 (en) 2002-05-08 2003-11-20 General Electric Company Multiwall polycarbonate sheet and method for its production
US6814070B2 (en) * 2003-01-06 2004-11-09 Davis Energy Group, Inc. Molded polymer solar water heater

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101852497A (zh) * 2010-02-26 2010-10-06 广东联塑科技实业有限公司 一种聚合物基太阳能集热器
CN106152546A (zh) * 2014-10-02 2016-11-23 霍利克太阳能系统有限公司 渗透式太阳能收集器烟囱塔

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20040237524A1 (en) 2004-12-02
US7234303B2 (en) 2007-06-26
WO2004109196A1 (en) 2004-12-16
CN100572982C (zh) 2009-12-23
AU2004245917A1 (en) 2004-12-16
ZA200510262B (en) 2007-01-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN100572982C (zh) 聚合物顶板太阳能转换装置
US20040261836A1 (en) Solar cell module and solar cell module array
CN104854713B (zh) 加强pv层压板
JPH065782B2 (ja) 太陽電池モジユ−ル
US20080115819A1 (en) Covering material for solar thermal power generating system and solar thermal power generating system formed by spreading the covering material
CA2554494A1 (en) Photovoltaic system and method of making same
EP2093804A1 (en) Solar cell system with encapsulant
US20110139225A1 (en) Shaped photovoltaic module
CN108878563A (zh) 一种太阳能电池、发电装置及太阳能电池的制备方法
US20110220097A1 (en) Mirror
CN102666616A (zh) 太阳能电池用密封膜、及太阳能电池
US20130192661A1 (en) Large area concentrator lens structure and method
EP2476305A2 (en) Building, in particular greenhouse having a system for absorbing sunlight
US20140060649A1 (en) Device, panel holder, and system for generating electric power from solar radiation
CN116314408A (zh) 一种轻型光伏真空玻璃
WO2013022871A1 (en) Hail resistant photovoltaic modules
CN1950954A (zh) 光伏系统及其制造方法
JP2011219916A (ja) 太陽電池モジュール一体型建材及びその施工方法
EP3956978A1 (en) Solar panel product comprising a taper
CN209274109U (zh) 发泡复合膜或片材
US20210351311A1 (en) Flexible laminate of photovoltaic cells and associated production method
CN101978225A (zh) 太阳辐射的聚集器及其用途
ZA200509751B (en) Stackable skips
CN208722895U (zh) 一种太阳能电池及发电装置
CN206758445U (zh) 轻型自清洁光伏组件

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
ASS Succession or assignment of patent right

Owner name: SHABO BASE CREATION PLASTICS INTELLECTUAL PROPERT

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.

Effective date: 20081031

C41 Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model
TA01 Transfer of patent application right

Effective date of registration: 20081031

Address after: Bergen Op Zoom Holland

Applicant after: Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip

Address before: American New York

Applicant before: General Electric Company

C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
C56 Change in the name or address of the patentee
CP01 Change in the name or title of a patent holder

Address after: Bergen Op Zoom Holland

Patentee after: Sabic Innovative Plastics IP

Address before: Bergen Op Zoom Holland

Patentee before: Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20091223

Termination date: 20180514