CN1841376A - 对网络表单的数据驱动动作 - Google Patents

对网络表单的数据驱动动作 Download PDF

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CN1841376A
CN1841376A CNA200610051554XA CN200610051554A CN1841376A CN 1841376 A CN1841376 A CN 1841376A CN A200610051554X A CNA200610051554X A CN A200610051554XA CN 200610051554 A CN200610051554 A CN 200610051554A CN 1841376 A CN1841376 A CN 1841376A
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CN1841376B (zh
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A·S·凯尔卡
D·v·威尔兹恩
D·艾拉佩特亚恩
J·E·瑞弗斯-穆尔
R·阿加瓦尔
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Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC
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Abstract

描述了各系统和/或方法，它们使能与改变网络表单的数据实例相关联的数据驱动动作，而不改变和/或进行对该数据实例的访问。在一实施例中，这些系统和/或方法呈现数据驱动动作对网络表单的结果，而不变换网络表单的数据实例。在另一实施例中，这些系统和/或方法将数据驱动动作映射到电子表单的视图为中心逻辑表示。

Description

对网络表单的数据驱动动作
技术领域
本发明涉及对网络表单的动作。
背景技术
电子表单通常用于收集信息。电子表单可在本地或诸如内联网或因特网的通信网络上使用。对于本地使用的电子表单，用户的计算机在本地访问有关电子表单的视图信息和数据信息。使用该视图信息，用户的计算机可使用户能查看该电子表单，并将数据输入其中。使用该数据信息，用户的计算机可使能对电子表单的数据动作，像确认输入到一字段中的数据、累加来自多个字段的数据并将结果填充到另一字段中等。
对于在网络上使用的电子表单，用户的计算机与网络计算机通信以使能电子表单的使用。在这样做时，用户的网络浏览器常常从该网络计算机接收视图信息，而不是数据信息。该视图信息可由用户的网络浏览器使用，以允许用户查看该电子表单并将信息输入其中。
为使能对电子表单的数据动作，用户的网络浏览器常常需要为每个数据动作与网络计算机通信。用户可例如将产品价格输入网络表单的一个数据输入字段中，而将这些产品的数量输入另一个数据输入字段。数据动作可通过将产品价格乘以其数量来计算总价。为了将该总价呈现在该表单中，用户的网络浏览器常常将该价格和数量发送给网络计算机并等待网络计算机计算总价，创建整个表单的现在包括该总价的新视图信息，并将其发送给网络浏览器。该网络浏览器然后可基于该新的视图信息将总价呈现给用户。
然而，与网络计算机通信会使用户的网络浏览器慢到负面影响用户的编辑体验。在一些情形中，网络计算机可用可观的时间接收来自浏览器的请求，执行数据动作，并向浏览器发送新的视图信息。此外，与网络计算机通信会因网络或浏览器如何与之通信(例如用拨号调制解调器)而缓慢，从而有可能影响用户的编辑体验。
此外，使网络计算机执行数据动作花费网络计算机的一些资源。花费这些资源可减缓或阻止网络计算机服务其它用户的能力。
因此，本发明源于与执行网络表单的数据动作相关联的各方面。
发明内容
描述了各系统和/或方法(“工具”)，它使能与改变网络表单的数据实例相关联的数据驱动动作，而不改变和/或进行对该数据实例的访问。
附图说明
图1示出各个实施例可在其中运行的示例性操作环境。
图2是用于创建视图为中心的数据驱动动作的示例性过程的流程图。
图3示出网络表单的示例性视图。
图4是用于执行与改变网络表单的数据实例相关联的数据驱动动作、和/或呈现数据驱动动作的结果的示例性过程的流程图。
图5示出对图3编辑的视图。
图6示出对图5的另一编辑和执行数据驱动动作的结果的视图。
在说明书和附图中使用相同标号指示相同组件和特征。
具体实施方式
纵览
以下说明书描述一种或多种工具，它们使能与改变网络表单的数据实例相关联的数据驱动动作，而不改变和/或进行对该数据实例的访问。在一实施例中，工具执行数据驱动动作，而不本地访问网络表单的数据实例并且不作非本地的通信来访问该数据实例，诸如通过与具有该数据实例的网络计算机的往返通信。
在另一实施例中，一工具呈现数据驱动动作对网络表单的结果，而不变换网络表单的数据实例。该工具可这样做而不必访问和/或改变数据实例。这可使用户编辑网络表单中的一个控件、并查看通过用户编辑驱动的数据驱动动作的结果，而无需该工具访问或改变网络表单的数据实例。这可使用户能编辑该表单并查看通过该编辑驱动的动作结果，而无需等待与具有该数据实例的网络计算机的往返通信。不必执行往返通信可通过使用户的编辑体验更平稳、更快速、和/或更无缝来改进之。不必执行往返通信来查看动作结果还可减少网络计算机服务该网络表单所需的资源。
在又一实施例中，一工具建立将数据驱动动作映射到电子表单的视图模板的关系。该工具可通过将电子表单数据实例的动作的数据为中心映射变换成电子表单视图模板的视图为中心映射来这样做。该视图为中心映射可用来例如使工具能执行数据驱动动作，而无需访问电子表单的数据实例。
示例性操作环境
在详细描述这些工具之前，提供示例性操作环境的以下讨论，以帮助读者理解何时和如何使用这些工具。以下提供的描述构成了一个实例，但并非旨在将工具的应用限于任一特定操作环境。
图1在100示出一种这样的操作环境，一般包括计算机102、通信网络104和网络计算机106。该计算机被示为包括一个或多个处理器108和计算机可读介质110。(多个)处理器能够访问和/或执行计算机可读介质。计算机可读介质包括网络浏览器112、事件日志114、和收到介质116。收到介质和网络计算机的介质之间的虚线表示这些示出介质可由计算机从网络计算机中下载。
通信网络使能计算机和网络计算机之间的通信，并可包括一个或多个内联网，如公司的内部网络、因特网等。
网络计算机如图所示包括计算机可读介质118。该计算机可读介质包括网络表单120，该网络表单120包括数据实例122、管理该网络表单的模式124、和数据为中心(Data-centric)的数据驱动动作126。该网络表单的数据实例是网络表单的特定数据实例；因而，如果网络表单的结构或数据改变(诸如通过用户将信息输入到网络表单的视图中)，则网络表单的数据实例在某个时间更改以反映该改变。数据为中心的数据驱动动作是由数据实例中的数据改变驱动的动作，并被映射到该数据实例中。
网络计算机的计算机可读介质还如图所示，包括视图信息128、视图模板130、视图为中心(View-centric)动作132、作用器应用程序(Actor Application)134、和初始数据136。该视图信息、视图模板、视图为中心动作、作用器应用程序和初始数据可组合或分开。
视图信息是使网络浏览器足以显示网络表单的可编辑视图的信息。该视图信息还使网络浏览器和/或作用器应用程序足以显示因执行动作而导致的对可编辑视图的更改。在一实施例中，视图信息包括因在数据实例的可扩展标记语言(XML)实施例的XML样式表语言变换中声明的变换所产生的超文本机器语言(HTML)。该HTML可由网络浏览器用来显示网络表单。还是在该实施例中，网络表单的模式包括XML模式(XSD)。该模式可包括确认网络表单的数据为中心动作。
视图模板包括网络表单的视图为中心逻辑表示。在一实施例中，该视图模板的结构是在其中视图信息可映射成使作用器应用程序和/或浏览器足以建立网络表单的视图的结构。在另一实施例中，该视图模板的结构还可以是其中各动作相关成使作用器应用程序足以响应于用户与一部分视图模板的交互而执行动作的结构。
视图为中心动作包括各数据驱动动作，它们可用视图模板中的位置或节点来标识或映射。
作用器应用程序，与网络浏览器相结合或分开，能够执行数据驱动动作而不更改和/或访问网络表单的数据实例122。
初始数据包括诸如缺省数据的存储数据。缺省数据可包括，例如，用于简单字段的值(像日期、币种、和名字字段)、以及各列表、表单和行的众多重复。其它存储数据可包括先前输入到网络表单中的数据，诸如在表格被更改、呈现、以及随后再次打开用于查看或进一步编辑时。
这些元素的各个实施例，特别是用于创建视图为中心的数据驱动动作的示例性过程，在下面进行更详细的陈述。在描述该过程之后，描述使能这些和其它动作的示例性工具。
数据驱动动作
对电子表单的许多数据驱动动作与表单的数据实例相关，诸如通过映射到该表单的数据实例中。但该关系可能需要访问数据实例，这不是在网络上访问的电子表单所期望的。
用于创建视图为中心的数据驱动动作的示例性过程200在图2中示出，并如下所述。该过程通过将与网络表单的数据实例相关的现有的数据为中心的数据驱动动作变换成与网络表单的视图模板相关的数据驱动动作，创建视图为中心的数据驱动动作。过程200被示为表示由图1的操作环境100的元素(诸如作用器应用程序134)执行的各个操作或动作的一系列框。在此所述的该过程和其它过程可用任何适当硬件、软件、固件或其组合实现；在软件和固件的情形中，这些过程可表示被实现为存储在计算机可读介质118中和可由网络计算机106的处理器执行的、或者存储在计算机可读介质110中并可由处理器108执行的计算机可执行指令的一系列操作。
为了说明过程200，显示网络表单120示例的购买订单300如图3所示。在该购买订单中，示出各控件的视图，分别为名字字段302、电话字段304、项字段306a和306b、数量字段308a和308b、单位价格字段310a和310b、总价字段312a和312b、以及总价之和字段314。该购买订单的模式、数据实例、以及视图模板有助于描述本过程，因此如下所述。
管理网络表单的数据实例的模式可表示为：
root(根)
name(名字)
phone(电话)
orders(各订单)
        order(订单)
             itemid
             quantity(数量)
             unitPrice(单位价格)
             total(总价)
total(总价之和)
通过该模式管理的数据实例可表示为：
<root>
     <name></name>
     <phone></phone>
     <orders>
          <order>
                <itemid></itemid>
                <quantity></quantity>
                <unitPrice></unitPrice>
                <total></total>
          </order>
          <order>
                <itemid></itemid>
                <quantity></quantity>
                <unitPrice></unitPrice>
                <total></total>
          </order>
     </orders>
     <total></total>
</root>
而该表单的视图模板可表示为：
V1-/root
    T1-name
    T2-phone
    R1-orders/order
        T1-itemid
        T2-quantity
        T3-price
        T4-total
    T3-total
再看图2，在框202工具(例如作用器应用程序134)寻找将数据驱动动作(例如图1数据为中心的数据-驱动动作126之一)映射到数据实例122的关系。该关系可包括导航路径，诸如XML路径语言(XPath)表达式。
继续所示实施例，假设该数据实例具有两个数据为中心的数据驱动动作。这些动作可表示为：
target＝″/root/orders/order/total″
expression＝″../quantity*../unitPrice″
以及
target＝″/root/total″
expression＝″sum(../orders/order/total)″
第一个动作被结构化为使数据实例的数量节点中的数据乘以数据实例的单元价格节点中的数据。第二个动作被结构化为累加数据实例的总价节点中的全部数据，这些总价节点是订单节点的子节点。
导航路径可从这些数据为中心的数据驱动动作中提取，在该情形中为XPath表达式。工具提取以下XPath：
/root/orders/order/total
以及
/root/total
如图所示，这些XPath映射到数据实例中。第一个路径映射到作为“订单”节点子节点的两个总价节点(呈现为图3中的总价字段312a和312b)。第二个路径映射到作为根节点的子节点的总价节点(呈现为图3的总价之和字段314)。
在框204，工具建立对应于导航路径的视图模板路径。该工具可使导航路径和视图模板相关联，以将导航路径变换成视图模板路径。该工具还可对导航路径所映射的一部分数据实例和视图模板的结构作比较。如果该工具发现视图模板的对应于数据实例映射部分的节点，则它可建立映射该节点的视图模板路径。
继续所示实施例，工具确定哪个视图模板节点对应于由导航路径映射的数据实例节点。该视图模板可表示为：
V1-/root
    T1-name
    T2-phone
    R1-orders/order
        T1-itemid
        T2-quantity
        T3-price
        T4-total
    T3-total
该工具确定，通过导航路径“/root/orders/order/total”映射的数据实例节点，即：
    <root><orders><order><total></total>
</order></orders></root>
在视图模板中对应于：
V1/R1/T4
类似地，工具确定第二数据驱动动作的数据实例节点对应于：
V1/T3
或者，工具通过确定对应于由导航路径映射的模式节点的视图模板节点，来变换导航路径。在一些情形中，管理电子表单的模式的结构得到更简便地或更准确地解析，从而使工具的确定更简便或更准确。如上所示，使模式节点关联于“/root/orders/order/total”可关联于：
V1-/root
    R1-orders/order
        T4-total
以寻找视图模板的“V1/R1/T4”。
在一些情形中，没有视图模板节点对应于通过导航路径映射的数据实例节点。一个这样的情形是映射为动作的数据实例节点不能影响表单的视图。如果数据实例(或模式)的节点具有更改不可见的节点中数据的相关动作，则例如该动作可能不具有视图模板中的相应节点。
如果工具确定数据实例的映射部分不具有视图模板中的相应节点，则工具不再继续。如果它确定具有，则它继续到框206。在所示实施例中，两个数据为中心的数据驱动动作都能影响视图，并具有视图模板中的相应节点。该工具建立到这些相应节点的视图模板路径。
在框206，工具用将数据驱动动作映射到视图模板的视图模板路径来替换将数据驱动动作映射到数据实例的导航路径。
继续所示实施例，数据驱动动作的导航路径是：
/root/orders/order/total
和
/root/total
工具用视图模板路径替换这些导航路径。因而，数据为中心的数据驱动动作被变换成视图为中心的数据驱动动作，诸如：
target＝″V1/R1/T4″
expression＝″../T2*../T3″
和
target＝″V1/T3″expression＝″sum(../R1/T4)″
在框208，在一些实施例中，工具可用数据驱动动作注释视图模板。这些视图模板路径表示动作所映射的(多个)视图模板节点。工具可注释这些节点，以表示动作可通过对这些节点的改变来触发。视图模板还可用动作本身来注释，从而组合动作和视图模板。
继续所述实施例，工具用视图为中心的动作来注释视图模板：
V1-/root
    T1-name
    T2-phone
    R1-orders/order
        T1-itemid
        T2-quantity
            data_action＝
                     {
                            target＝../T4
                            expression＝
Multiply(Select(../T2)，Select(../T3))
                     }
        T3-price
            data_action＝
                     {
                            target＝../T4
                            expression＝
Multiply(Select(../T2)，Select(../T3))
                     }
        T4-total
            data_action＝
                     {
                            target＝../../T3
                            expression＝
Sum(Select(../R1/T4))
                     }
    T3-total
该作注释的视图模板表示节点“V1/R1/T2”(示为数量字段308a)的数据和“V1/R1/T3”(示为数量字段310b)可相乘，且结果置于“V1/R1/T4”节点(示为总价字段312a)中。视图模板对这些节点(例如字段308b、310b和312b)的每次重复都作相同表示。
视图模板还表示每个节点“V1/R1/T4”(示为总价字段312a和312b)的数据都可累加，且结果置于另一节点“V1/T3”(示为总价之和字段314)中。
对网络表单执行数据驱动动作
作为图4所示示例性过程400的一部分，工具执行与改变网络表单的数据实例相关联的数据-驱动动作，而不更改和/或进行对数据实例的访问。还是在该过程中，工具呈现数据驱动动作对网络表单的结果，而不变换网络表单的数据实例。过程400被示为表示由图1操作环境100的各元素(诸如作用器应用程序134)执行的各个操作或动作的一系列框。
在框402，网络浏览器112接收用户对编辑网络表单的选择。作为示例，假设用户在浏览网络上可用的表单，并选择编辑图3的购买订单300。
在框404，网络浏览器112接收足以使计算机102能显示并接收对网络表单的编辑的信息。该信息可包括来自图1网络计算机106的计算机可读介质，诸如视图信息128、视图模板130、视图为中心的动作132、作用器应用程序134、以及初始数据136。使用视图信息和视图模板，作用器应用程序和/或网络浏览器显示表单的可编辑视图。
在一实施例中，作用器应用程序通过将各项视图信息映射到视图模板，建立表单的可编辑视图。这些信息是作用器应用程序可串联成表单的整体视图的可视信息，诸如HTML。这些视图项可包括，例如，数据输入字段、按键、和其它控件的可呈现HTML。
在框406，计算机呈现由用户选择的网络表单。在所示实施例中，作用器应用程序呈现图3的购买订单。
在框408，网络浏览器接收对网络表单控件的编辑。用户可通过将数据输入字段、选择按键等来编辑表单。
继续所示实施例，网络浏览器接收输入到名字字段302中的数据。该数据被推入视图，如图5所示。
在框410，作用器应用程序确定动作是否与编辑相关联。在一实施例中，作用器应用程序分析动作，以确定是否有任何动作关联于(映射到)用户所编辑的节点。在另一实施例中，作用器应用程序导航视图模板，以寻找与编辑相关联的动作(如果有的话)。如果没有关联于编辑的数据驱动动作，则作用器应用程序返回到框408，以接收来自用户的其它编辑。如果有数据驱动动作，则作用器应用程序继续到框412(或跳到框414)。
继续所述实施例，作用器应用程序导航用各动作注释的视图模板(如上所示)，以确定是否有任何动作关联于呈现为图3和5中的名字字段302的“V1/T1”节点(“名字节点”)。该节点没有与之相关联的动作。然后作用器应用程序返回框408。网络浏览器接收来自用户的其它编辑；将用户电话号码输入图5所示的电话字段304，并将项标识符输入也如图5所示的项节点306a。这些输入也不与数据驱动动作相关联。
然后用户将数量输入在框408接收的并如图5所示的数量字段308a。作用器应用程序在框410确定动作是否与该编辑相关联。
继续所示实施例，作用器应用程序导航视图模板，以确定动作是否关联于所接收的编辑。作注释的视图模板可表示为：
V1-/root
    T1-name
    T2-phone
    R1-orders/order
        T1-itemid
        T2-quantity
            data_action＝
                    {
                        target＝../T4
                                 expression    ＝Multiply(Select(../T2)，Select(../T3))
                    }
        T3-price
            data_action＝
                    {
                        target＝../T4
                                 expression    ＝Multiply(Select(../T2)，Select(../T3))
                    }
        T4-total
            data_action＝
                    {
                        target＝../../T3
                                 expression    ＝Sum(Select(../R1/T4))
                    }
    T3-total
作用器应用程序导航该视图模板，并确定以下数据驱动动作关联于用户对数量节点的编辑：
                data_action＝
                    {
                         target＝../T4
                                  expression    ＝
Multiply(Select(../T2)，Select(../T3))
                    }
在框412，作用器应用程序确定执行相关联动作是否将影响视图。或者，作用器应用程序将跳过框412到框414。
作用器应用程序通过导航视图模板以确定视图模板的哪些节点可通过执行动作来改变，可确定该动作是否将影响视图。
在本实施例中，作用器应用程序确定与数量节点相关联的数据驱动动作使“V1/R1/T2”节点中的数据乘以“V1/R1/T3”节点中的数据，并将该结果置于目标节点“V1/R1/T4”中。因而，数量字段308a中的数据“17”乘以单位价格字段310a中的无数据(“0”)，其结果(“0”)将置于总价字段312a中。在该情形中，执行动作的结果不改变视图。总价字段312a仍然为0。在该情形中，作用器应用程序可放弃执行与该数量节点相关联的动作和/或其它动作，诸如更新表单的数据(即不执行框416)以及呈现执行该动作的结果(即不执行框418)。如果作用器应用程序放弃执行该动作和/或这些其它动作，则它返回到框408。
返回到框408，网络浏览器接收另一编辑，这一次将单位价格输入到了单位价格字段310a中。该价格如图6的字段310a所示(“299.99”)。
然后作用器应用程序在框410确定该动作与编辑相关联。继续所示实施例，作用器应用程序导航用各动作注释的视图模板(如上所示)，并确定动作关联于“V1/R1/T3”节点(“价格”节点)。
导航以上给出的视图模板，作用器应用程序确定以下数据驱动动作关联于用户对价格节点的编辑：
                data_action＝
                      {
                            target＝../T4
                                     expression    ＝
Multiply(Select(../T2)，Select(../T3))
                      }
然后作用器应用程序确定该动作将影响视图。这通过导航视图模板以确定该视图模板的哪些节点可通过执行该动作改变来实现。
在本实施例中，作用器应用程序确定关联于数量节点的数据驱动动作使“V1/R1/T2”节点中的数据乘以“V1/R1/T3”节点中的数据，并将该结果置于目标节点“V1/R1/T4”中。因而，数量字段308a中的数据“17”乘以单位价格字段310a中示出的“299.99”，现在不同于0的结果呈现在总价字段312a中。
在框414，作用器应用程序执行动作，而不访问和/或更改表单的数据实例。在该示例性过程中，作用器应用程序使用视图模板而非数据实例，从而使作用器应用程序不用访问或更改表单的数据实例。该作用器应用程序在一些情形中可执行数据驱动动作而无需任何非本地通信，从而有可能改进用户的编辑体验。在一实施例中，作用器应用程序通过执行表达式并定位可呈现结果的视图模板节点。
在本实施例中，作用器应用程序使输入数量字段的数据“17”乘以输入单位价格字段的“299.99”，得出结果为“5099.83”。
在框416，作用器应用程序更新表单的数据。该表单的数据可本地存储，这可允许与网络计算机的更少往返通信。在本实施例中，作用器应用程序用结果“5099.33”来更新第一总价节点(呈现为总价字段312a)的零值。作用器应用程序可直接继续到框418，以将该结果呈现在视图中，但也可首先确定该数据改变是否触发任何其它动作。如果是，则作用器应用程序可在呈现不同动作的结果之前执行所有的被触发动作(一些动作可触发另一动作，而该另一动作触发又一动作等等)。
类似于框408、410、412和414，作用器应用程序可继续接收数据(例如来自已执行动作的结果)、确定接收数据的节点与动作相关联、确定该动作是否可影响视图、并执行该动作。因而，本实施例中的作用器应用程序接收如上对总价节点执行的动作的结果。作用器应用程序然后可确定作该“编辑”(例如自动因动作的执行而接收的结果)的节点是否有与之相关联的另一个动作。如果有，则它可确定执行另一动作是否会影响视图，且如果会，则可执行该另一动作。
在本实施例中，作用器应用程序确定总价节点的结果具有另一个关联动作。该动作可被表示为：
                data_action＝
                      {
                            target＝../../T3
                                      expression    ＝
Sum(Select(../R1/T4))
                     }
因而，总价节点(“V1/R1/T4”)具有关联的数据驱动动作。该动作累加总价节点和所有其它总价节点的数据。该累加的结果然后作为“V1/T3”总价节点(呈现为总价之和字段314)的目标。
作用器应用程序接着确定执行该累加动作可影响视图。作用器应用程序执行该动作，累加第一和第二总价节点的数据：“5099.83”和“0”，结果为“5099.83”。
作用器应用程序可将所输入并因各动作导致的该数据记录在本地存储的分层结构数据树或事件日志114中。该数据树，具有本实施例的数据和结果，可表示为：
(V1)
(Dave，T1)
(425-555-1234，T2)
      (R1_1)
            (1756，T1)
            (17，T2)
            (299.99，T3)
            (5099.83，T4)
      (R1_2)
            (，T1)
            (，T2)
            (，T3)
            (，T4)
(5099.83，T3)
在框418，作用器应用程序和/或网络浏览器呈现所执行的数据驱动动作的结果，而不变换表单的数据实例。在另一实施例中，作用器应用程序还可呈现对视图的改变，而不访问或更改数据实例。
作用器应用程序可通过标记与需要更新的控件相关联的节点，跟踪视图中的这些控件，然后一旦已执行完所有动作就呈现每个这些节点的新数据(但同时呈现结果)。
或者，作用器应用程序可重现表单的全部，尽管这与选择性重现相比会化更多时间或资源。
为了选择性地重现视图的各个部分，作用器应用程序可确定图1视图信息128中的哪些信息与视图模板的已改变节点(诸如通过标记这些节点)相关联。对于以上视图模板，所标记节点为“V1/R1_1/T4”和“V1/T3”。作用器应用程序然后可将这些结果推入视图的这些项中，或用所添加的结果重现这些项的每一个。
如图6所示，购买订单的视图向用户显示数据驱动动作的结果。在总价字段312a和总价之和字段314中示出的这些结果是如果数据驱动动作关联于数据实例来代替时，可看到怎样的视图的准确重现。因而，该视图可与将这些动作的结果置入数据实例中、变换该数据实例、并呈现该变换所示出的视图一致。
然而，在一些情形中，数据驱动动作可能需要网络上的通信，诸如访问具有执行动作(例如根据数据库中的数据确认所输入的数据)所需的数据的表单或数据库的数据实例。在这些情形中，作用器应用程序可访问网络，从而放弃过程400的许多框。
作用器应用程序和/或网络浏览器可记录用户的编辑和/或执行各个动作的结果。编辑和/或结果的这种记录可被发送给网络计算机106，在发送该记录时可能会有点阻碍用户的编辑体验，或在用户提交时。
网络计算机响应于接收该事件日志，更改网络表单的数据实例。这可不太频繁地实现，从而有可能减少服务该网络表单所需的资源。
对于本说明，作用器应用程序将用户对视图的编辑记录在事件日志114中，并将该事件日志传送给网络计算机。网络计算机用来自事件日志的信息更新数据实例122。在以上参照图2的描述开始时表示的数据实例，在该情形中可使用事件日志通过网络计算机改变成：
<root>
<name>Dave</name>
<phone>425-555-1234</phone>
    <orders>
        <order>
            <itemid>1756</itemid>
            <quantity>17</quantity>
            <unitPrice>299.99</unitPrice>
            <total>5099.83</total>
        </order>
            <order>
                <itemid></itemid>
                <quantity></quantity>
                <unitPrice></unitPrice>
                <total></total>
            </order>
        </orders>
        <total>5099.83</total>
    </root>
结论
描述了各系统和/或方法，它们使能与改变网络表单的数据实例相关联的数据驱动动作，而不改变和/或进行对该数据实例的访问。尽管本发明已用结构化特征和/或方法论步骤的特定语言进行了描述，但可以理解在所附权利要求中定义的本发明无需受限于所述特定特征或步骤。相反，这些特定特征和步骤被揭示为实现本发明的较佳形式。

Claims (20)

1.一种或多种具有计算机可读指令的计算机可读介质，所述计算机可读指令在由计算设备执行时使所述计算设备执行以下各动作，包括：
通过网络表单的可编辑视图接收数据，如果所述数据改变所述网络表单的数据实例，则所述数据能驱动与所述数据实例相关联的动作；以及
执行动作，而不改变所述数据实例。
2.如权利要求1所述的介质，其特征在于，还包括确定所述数据关联于所述网络表单的视图为中心逻辑表示的哪个节点，且其中执行动作的步骤包括执行关联于所述节点的动作。
3.如权利要求1所述的介质，其特征在于，所述执行动作的步骤是在无需在所述接收数据的步骤之后访问所述数据实例的情况下执行的。
4.如权利要求1所述的介质，其特征在于，还包括确定所述数据能够驱动所述动作。
5.如权利要求1所述的介质，其特征在于，还包括确定如果所述动作的结果更改了数据实例，则所述结果是否能驱动与所述数据相关联的另一个动作，且如果所述动作的结果能驱动另一动作，则执行所述另一动作而不更改所述数据实例。
6.如权利要求1所述的介质，其特征在于，还包括呈现所述执行动作的步骤的结果，而不变换所述数据实例。
7.如权利要求1所述的介质，其特征在于，还包括用所述执行动作的步骤的结果更新所述网络表单的本地存储数据。
8.如权利要求1所述的介质，其特征在于，还包括确定执行动作的结果是否能改变所述可编辑视图。
9.如权利要求1所述的介质，其特征在于，所述动作包括确认操作。
10.一种或多种具有计算机可读指令的计算机可读介质，所述计算机可读指令在由计算设备执行时使所述计算设备执行以下各动作，包括：
接收网络表单的数据驱动动作的结果；以及
在所述网络表单的可编辑视图中呈现所述数据驱动动作的结果，而不更改所述网络表单的数据实例。
11.如权利要求10所述的介质，其特征在于，还包括执行所述数据驱动动作而不更改所述网络表单的数据实例。
12.如权利要求10所述的介质，其特征在于，所述呈现步骤是在不访问所述网络表单的数据实例的情况下执行的。
13.如权利要求10所述的介质，其特征在于，所述接收和呈现的步骤是在不与具有所述网络表单的数据实例的网络计算机进行往返通信的情况下执行的。
14.如权利要求10所述的介质，其特征在于，所述呈现结果的步骤包括重现与具有所述结果的节点相关联的可编辑视图的一部分。
15.如权利要求10所述的介质，其特征在于，还包括标记网络表单中与所述结果相关联的视图为中心逻辑表示的节点，且其中所述重现结果的步骤包括重现所述节点。
16.一种或多种具有计算机可读指令的计算机可读介质，所述计算机可读指令在由计算设备执行时使所述计算设备执行以下各动作，包括：
接收数据驱动动作的第一关系，所述第一关系将所述数据驱动动作映射到电子表单的数据实例；以及
基于所述第一关系建立第二关系，所述第二关系将所述数据驱动动作映射到所述电子表单的视图为中心逻辑表示。
17.如权利要求16所述的介质，其特征在于，还包括用所述第二关系替换所述第一关系。
18.如权利要求16所述的介质，其特征在于，所述第一关系包括将所述数据驱动动作映射到所述电子表单的数据实例节点的可扩展标记语言(XML)路径语言(XPath)。
19.如权利要求16所述的介质，其特征在于，还包括基于所述第二关系用所述数据驱动动作注释所述电子表单的视图为中心逻辑表示。
20.如权利要求16所述的介质，其特征在于，还包括从所述数据驱动动作中提取所述第一关系。
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