CN1849229A - 再生制动系统的可变排量机构 - Google Patents

再生制动系统的可变排量机构 Download PDF

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CN1849229A
CN1849229A CNA2004800263209A CN200480026320A CN1849229A CN 1849229 A CN1849229 A CN 1849229A CN A2004800263209 A CNA2004800263209 A CN A2004800263209A CN 200480026320 A CN200480026320 A CN 200480026320A CN 1849229 A CN1849229 A CN 1849229A
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CN100450810C (zh
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A·J·罗伯特斯
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Motors Liquidation Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18109—Braking
    • B60W30/18127—Regenerative braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

一种车辆的再生制动系统，包括可变排量(DOD)发动机，其设有汽缸，电池，和具有电动机和发电机模式的电机。可选择使电机受车辆轮子驱动。控制器可探测车辆的制动状态，对制动状态作出响应，使至少一个汽缸停止工作。控制器在制动期间操纵电机以发电机模式工作对电池充电。

Description

再生制动系统的可变排量机构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆制动技术，具体涉及一种车辆的再生制动系统。
背景技术
一些内燃机包括发动机控制系统，可使一个或多个汽缸在低载荷的条件下不工作。例如，8缸发动机可使用其中的4个汽缸工作，通过泵送损失的减少来改进燃料经济性。这个技术通常称作可变排量(DOD)技术或汽缸不工作技术。
电混合动力车辆包括发动机和至少一个电机。电机可从电池得到电流，单独或与发动机结合向车辆提供动力。制动时，电机以发电机模式工作，通过吸收车辆的动能帮助制动，使车辆的运动速度减慢。发电机将吸收的动能转换为电流，用于对电池充电。这个过程通常称为再生制动。
在混合动力车辆，再生制动可在发动机和/或电机提供能量的情况下进行制动时实现。但是，当车辆受发动机驱动时，再生制动产生的电流受发动机制动的限制。换句话，发动机可吸收一些车辆的动能使车辆减速。结果是，通过再生制动吸收的动能不多，使产生的电流减少。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种车辆的再生制动系统。再生制动系统包括可变排量(DOD)发动机，其包括多个汽缸、电池和具有电动机和发电机模式的电机。电机可选择使电机受车轮驱动。控制器可探测车辆的制动状态，对制动状态作出响应，使至少一个汽缸停止工作。所述控制器可在制动期间操纵电机以发电机模式工作对电池充电。
控制器可对制动状态作出响应使所述发动机的一个汽缸停止工作。控制器可探测制动状态的终止，对终止作出响应，促动至少一个汽缸。所述控制器可选择性地操纵电机以电动机模式工作驱动车轮。
对于另外的特征，控制器可选择性地使发动机的所有汽缸停止工作，操纵所述电机以电动机模式工作驱动车轮。当以发电机模式工作时电机可对电池充电。
本发明的另外的应用领域通过下面的详细介绍可认识的更清楚。应当知道，这些详细的介绍和特定的实施例，尽管是本发明的优选实施例，应当只是说明性的，不能用于限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
通过下面的详细介绍和参考附图可对本发明有更充分的了解。附图中：
图1是包括DOD发动机和典型制动系统的混合动力车辆的功能框图；和
图2是说明根据本发明的典型制动系统所进行步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面介绍的优选实施例的性质是示例性的，不能用来限制本发明的应用或使用。为了简化，相同的标号在图中表示类似的部件。本文中，促动是指发动机以全部发动机汽缸工作。停止工作是指发动机不是以全部发动机汽缸工作(一个或多个汽缸停止工作)。
本发明的再生制动系统使用电混合动力车辆的可变排量(DOD)技术来提高所产生的电池充电电流。特别地，如果发动机向车辆提供动力且操作者促动制动，发动机的汽缸停止工作减少发动机制动。电机能够吸收增加的车辆动能，产生电池充电电流。
现在参考图1，车辆10包括驱动变速器14的发动机12。在自动变速的情况下，变速器14通过扭矩变换器16进行传动。在手动变速的情况下，变速器14通过离合器16进行传动。发动机12包括N个汽缸18，在发动机工作期间可选择地使汽缸停止工作。尽管图1显示了6个汽缸(N＝6)，很明显发动机12可包括更多或更少的汽缸18。例如，设有4、5、6、8、10、12和16个汽缸的发动机。空气通过入口歧管20流入发动机12，在汽缸18内与燃料一起燃烧。
电机21可选择地驱动车轮22或受车轮22的驱动。例如，当车辆10在电动机模式下工作时，电机21驱动车轮22，电池24向电机提供能量。当车辆10进行制动时，电机21受到车轮22的驱动，使车轮22的转动放慢，产生用于对电池24充电的电流。电池24通过电压调节器26连接到电机21。在供电模式下，电压调节器26调节电池24向电机21提供的驱动电流。在制动模式下，电压调节器26调节电机21向电池24提供充电电流。
控制器28连接到发动机12、发动机速度传感器30、入口歧管压力传感器32、制动器34、和电压调节器26。控制器28接受来自压力传感器32的指示发动机载荷的信号。具体地，当发动机载荷变化时，入口歧管20内的真空压力产生相应变化并被压力传感器32探测到。尽管示例性的实施例使用歧管真空度或压力来表示发动机载荷，应当理解其他确定发动机载荷的方法也可使用。
在发动机载荷低的期间，控制器28连接发动机进行DOD，通过使一个或多个汽缸18停止工作来实现DOD。在一示例性的实施例中，N/2个汽缸停止工作，尽管可以使一个或多个汽缸停止工作。当有汽缸18停止工作时，控制器28连可接发动机12，增加其余汽缸18的功率输出。
控制器28连续监测驱动状态，选择性地向车辆10提供动力，可以通过电驱动和/或通过发动机12。如果状态适合电驱动，控制器28使所有的汽缸18停止工作，通过电机21以电动机模式驱动车辆10。当踩下制动器34时，控制器28接收到制动信号。控制器28作出反应，操纵电机21以发电机模式工作，使车辆10的运动受阻，向电压调节器26发出信号，电机21产生的电流对电池24充电。
现在参考图2，介绍改进再生制动效率的方法。在步骤100，控制器决定状态是否满足电驱动的要求。电驱动可在不同的驱动状态下实现。例如，当车辆加速时，车辆10受到发动机12的驱动，一旦车辆加速到一定速度，实现电驱动保持车辆处于这个速度。如果电驱动的条件满足，控制器在步骤102使发动机12的所有汽缸18停止工作，发出信号使电机21驱动车轮22。如果电驱动的条件不满足，在步骤106控制器继续确定是否探测到制动状态。如果探测到制动状态，控制器在步骤108继续电驱动。否则，控制器停止电驱动。
在步骤108，控制器确定电驱动是否在进行，如果没有，控制器将在步骤110继续电驱动。否则，控制器在步骤112继续电驱动。在步骤110，控制器使至少一个汽缸18停止工作。在步骤112，控制器发出信号给电机21，使其受车轮22驱动。在步骤114，控制器发出信号给电压调节器26，利用电机21产生的充电电流对电池24充电。在步骤116，控制器确定制动状态是否已经终止。如果未终止，电压调节器26继续对电池24充电。如果终止，在步骤118控制器促动一个或多个发动机12的汽缸18。或者，可认为控制器监测车速。如果车速达到门槛值，控制器促动一个或多个发动机12的汽缸18。
本发明的再生制动系统实现了发动机制动的减少，允许电动机/发电机吸收更多数量的车辆动能。此外，车辆的燃料经济性提高，因为在汽缸停止工作期间发动机使用了较少的燃料。
根据上面的介绍，现在所属领域的技术人员应理解本发明的广义内容可以不同方式实现。因此，尽管本发明通过特定的实施例进行介绍，但本发明的确切内容不应当受到限制，因为当所属领域的技术人员通过研究附图、说明书和所附权利要求应很容易进行改进。

Claims (16)

1.一种车辆的再生制动系统，包括：
可变排量(DOD)发动机，其包括：
多个汽缸；
电池；
具有电动机和发电机模式的电机，可选择使所述电机受车轮驱动；和
控制器，可探测车辆的制动状态，对制动状态作出响应，使至少一个所述汽缸停止工作，所述控制器可在制动期间操纵所述电机以所述发电机模式工作对所述电池充电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的再生制动系统，其特征在于，所述控制器可对制动状态作出响应使所述发动机的全部汽缸停止工作。
3.根据权利要求1所述的再生制动系统，其特征在于，所述控制器探测制动状态的终止，对所述终止作出响应，促动至少一个所述汽缸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的再生制动系统，其特征在于，所述控制器监测车辆速度，当车辆速度达到门槛值时，促动至少一个所述汽缸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的再生制动系统，其特征在于，所述控制器可选择性地操纵所述电机以电动机模式工作，驱动车轮。
6.根据权利要求1所述的再生制动系统，其特征在于，所述控制器可选择性地使所述发动机的所有汽缸停止工作，操纵所述电机以电动机模式工作，驱动所述车轮。
7.根据权利要求6所述的再生制动系统，其特征在于，所述电机以所述发电机模式工作时对所述电池充电。
8.一种对车辆的电池充电和放电的方法，其包括：
探测车辆的制动状态；
对所述制动状态作出响应，使发动机的至少一个汽缸停止工作；
车辆的车轮驱动电机以发电机模式工作，对所述电池充电。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
使所述发动机的所有汽缸停止工作；和
促动所述电机以驱动模式工作，驱动所述车轮。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括所述电池提供电流到所述电机。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括对所述制动状态作出响应，使所述发动机的全部汽缸停止工作。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
探测所述制动状态的终止；和
对所述终止作出响应，促动所述汽缸。
13.一种操纵车辆的方法，所述车辆具有再生制动系统，所述方法包括：
探测车辆的制动状态；
对所述制动状态作出响应，使发动机的汽缸停止工作；
车辆的车轮驱动电机以发电机模式工作产生电流，并阻碍车辆运动；
探测所述制动状态的终止；和
对所述终止作出响应，促动所述汽缸，解除所述阻碍。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括通过所述电流对电池充电。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
使发动机的所有汽缸停止工作，和
促动所述电机以驱动模式工作，驱动所述车轮。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括电池提供电流给所述发电机。
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