CN1857022B - 在重叠的卫星和陆地通信系统中用于移动性管理的系统和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
协调移动站与卫星移动通信系统和陆地移动通信系统的通信。移动站被登记到陆地移动通信系统，响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记，移动站同时被登记到卫星移动通信系统。同时登记可包括响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记，例如通过把标识移动站的信息存储在卫星移动通信系统的位置寄存器而把移动站隐含登记到卫星移动通信系统，以及保持这两个登记之间的同步。鉴权令牌可以预先生成，以便快速重新登记到卫星移动通信系统。
Description
相关申请的相互参考
本申请要求2003年9月23日提交的、题目为“MobilityManagement for Hybrid Terrestrial-Satellite Networks(用于混合的陆地卫星网络的移动性管理)”的临时专利申请No.60/505,526的权益，该专利申请的公开内容整体地在此引用以供参考。
技术背景
本发明涉及无线通信系统和方法，更具体地，涉及用于无线通信的移动性管理系统和方法。
混合陆地-卫星网络的目的可以是卫星网络为陆地网络提供普遍存在的覆盖重叠。然而，这可能引发许多可能还没有被当前的现有技术水平最佳处理的移动性管理难题。
图1显示用于陆地网络的卫星重叠。三种类型的区域被识别。区域A是蜂窝网络的规划的覆盖区域；典型地，这将包括由多个移动交换中心(MSC)提供服务的多重小区地点和位置区域(LA)。“位置区域”是在蜂窝文献中使用的术语，表示在其上执行寻呼的一系列小区地点；MSC可以具有在它的管辖下的几个LA。移动站(MS)可以在LA内四处移动(例如，改变广播控制信道(BCCH))而不用重新登记，然而，当它跨过LA边界时，它典型地必须重新登记。这种重新登记被称为位置区域更新。
区域C是卫星网络的规划的覆盖区域，它包括由一个或多个网关提供服务的多重点束，它起到MSC的卫星等价物的作用。区域B包括在蜂窝覆盖区域A里面的、也被卫星网络覆盖的洞(hole)。洞主要存在于郊区中和在市区之间通道中，这里人口密度不足以让蜂窝运营商优先部署更多的基站塔。在产生相当大业务量的密集的市区，这样的洞是不太常见的。应当指出，如果卫星视域是在严重阻挡的情形下，某些洞可能不被任一个网络覆盖。
如果卫星与陆地网络处在不同的行政管理下，则它们典型地互相看作为提供“可漫游的服务”的不同公共地面移动网(PLMN)。如果卫星与陆地网络处在同一个行政管理下，则典型地就好像在不同的MSC之间那 样执行移交，这是现有技术中所熟知的。可漫游的服务意味着：服务具有已建立的商业协定和技术接口以允许从一个网络漫游到另一个网络。这些网络牵涉到不同频段的事实，对于漫游来说通常不是技术障碍，因为这样的漫游例如在欧洲900MHz与北美1900MHz频段之间的GSM中早已发生。
实际上，一旦MS(例如手机)不能定位它上一次使用的频段中的单个前向控制信道载波(例如，GSM中的BCCH载波)，它就将开始扫描在替换的频段，如卫星频段，中的载波频率。MS扫描哪些频段和以什么序列扫描，典型地由MS中的本机登录应用来确定。一旦MS找到适当的前向控制信道载波，它就预占该载波和控制信道。预占可包括同步到载波和控制信道，以及为服务而重新登记到网络。用于到MS的进入呼叫的寻呼将在预占的前向控制信道上被发送。
当MS在空闲模式下从蜂窝覆盖区域A移动到卫星覆盖区域C时，上述的漫游方法可以是适当的，因为它是在用于MS的服务网络中的准永久改变以及不一定必须非常快速的网络改变。然而，可以至少有两种情形，其中可能希望在服务网络中的非常快速的改变，和/或在没有明显登记的情况下的网络改变。
图1显示穿过蜂窝覆盖区域A中多个洞B的高速公路。大量MS可能在空闲模式下穿过洞B，并且不需要卫星通信。然而，由于每个MS可能被编程为如果陆地服务不能得到就漫游到卫星网络，所以每个MS在它穿过洞时可能试图执行PLMN间漫游，这牵涉到位置区域更新和登记。这对卫星资源产生功率和带宽的巨大的和不必要的负担，这可能是不必要的，因为大多数MS可能不需要使用卫星网络。
如果MS在它参加一个呼叫的同时正在从蜂窝覆盖区域A移动到洞B或卫星覆盖区域C(即，没有蜂窝覆盖的任何区域)，则典型地呼叫将被丢弃。呼叫丢弃通常被认为是蜂窝服务中的一个非常负面的用户体验，且如果用户已被告知有卫星覆盖重叠，则他可以预期与在蜂窝中的相同的无缝服务。在被丢弃后，MS(如果它在新区域中待得足够长)将典型地漫游到卫星网络，并预占到卫星前向控制信道。当移动站重新进入蜂窝网络时，它将典型地再次漫游回蜂窝网络，这再次可能牵涉到服务对用户不可提供的一个很大的周期。这意味着，当MS处在卫星网络中时，它可以周期地搜索蜂窝控制信道载波，并且如果可得到，就漫游到这些 载波。这种搜索可以通过在现有技术中描述的各种各样的措施来执行，包括如在GSM中的相邻小区监视。
发明内容
按照本发明的某些实施例，移动站与卫星移动通信系统和陆地移动通信系统的通信被协调。移动站被登记到陆地移动通信系统，并且响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统登记，移动站被同时登记到卫星移动通信系统。在某些实施例中，同时登记包括移动站被隐含地登记到卫星移动通信系统。例如，响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记，识别移动站的信息例如可以通过从陆地移动通信系统的位置寄存器转移，而被存储在卫星移动通信系统的位置寄存器中。隐含登记可以不用在卫星移动通信系统中执行移动站的位置更新而完成，并且可以响应于预定间隔的消逝而没有终端的位置更新来被终结。
在本发明的另外的实施例中，移动站同时登记到卫星移动通信系统可包括响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记，移动站明显地登记到卫星移动通信系统。例如，移动站向卫星移动通信系统的明显登记可包括：在不检测移动站与陆地移动通信系统之间的通信丢失的情况下，响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统登记，从移动站发起登记请求到卫星移动通信系统。
本发明的某些实施例牵涉到通过在两个网络的原籍位置寄存器之间的链路而同步在地面网络与卫星网络中MS的登记与位置数据。在其它实施例中，这个同步可以通过MS在它检测到卫星网络的前向控制信道的束标识符已改变时单方(unilaterally)离开地面网络并且执行位置更新而被执行。值得注意的是，MS总是知道卫星网络的束标识符，因为它总是将卫星控制信道作为地面网络的“相邻小区”来监视。
按照本发明的另外的方面，鉴权令牌(token)可被预先生成以便快速登记到卫星移动通信系统。一组鉴权令牌的各自拷贝在移动站和卫星移动通信系统的相应者处被生成。然后通过使用接连的鉴权令牌执行移动站到卫星移动通信系统的接连登记。移动站到卫星移动通信系统的重新登记可以在不从陆地移动通信系统检索附加的安全性数据的情况下发生。
按照本发明的另外的实施例，移动站与第一和第二重叠移动通信系 统的通信被协调。移动站被登记到第一移动通信系统，并且响应于移动站向第一移动通信系统的登记，移动站被同时登记到第二移动通信系统。例如，移动站可以响应于移动站向第一移动通信系统的登记，而被隐含地登记到第二移动通信系统。
在本发明的另外的实施例中，移动通信系统包括卫星移动通信系统，它支持与移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记同时的、移动站向它本身的登记。卫星移动通信系统可以用来响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记而隐含地登记移动站到其上。例如，卫星移动通信系统可以用来响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记，而把标识移动站的信息存储到它的位置寄存器中。
在本发明的再一些实施例中，移动通信系统包括卫星移动通信系统，它支持在移动站和卫星移动通信系统的相应者处一组鉴权令牌的各自拷贝的生成，以及它还用来随后接受通过使用接连的鉴权令牌的、移动站向卫星移动通信系统的接连登记。卫星移动通信系统可用来从陆地移动通信系统接收用于移动站的安全性数据，以及从接收的安全性数据生成该组鉴权令牌的拷贝。
在本发明的另外的实施例中，移动通信系统包括陆地移动通信系统，它支持与移动站向卫星移动通信系统的登记同时的、移动站向它本身的登记。陆地移动通信系统可以支持响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记而隐含地登记移动站到卫星移动通信系统，以及可包括用于把标识移动站的信息从陆地移动通信系统的位置寄存器传送到卫星移动通信系统的位置寄存器的装置。
附图说明
图1显示在陆地移动通信系统上重叠的卫星移动通信系统的示例性关系。
图2显示按照本发明的某些实施例的、用于在陆地移动通信系统与卫星移动通信系统之间的位置数据库同步的设备和操作，以支持双重登记。
图3和4显示按照本发明的另外的实施例的、用于在卫星通信系统中流线化的登记的设备和操作。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图描述本发明的具体的示例性实施例。然而，本发明可以以许多不同的方式被实施，且不应当被看作为限于这里阐述的实施例；而是这些实施例被提供来使得本公开内容将是透彻的和全面的，并且把本发明的范围充分地传达给本领域技术人员。在附图上，同样的数字表示同样的单元。将会看到，当单元被称为“被连接到”或“被耦合到”另一个单元时，它可以直接连接到或耦合到其它单元或可以存在介入的单元。而且，这里所使用的“被连接的”或“被耦合的”可包括无线连接或耦合。正如这里使用的，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的列出项目的任何和所有组合。
这里使用的术语仅仅是为了描述具体的实施例，而不是打算限制本发明。正如这里使用的，单数形式“一个”和“该”打算也包括复数形式，除非另外特别地说明。还将会看到，当术语“包括”、“包含”，在本技术说明书中使用时，规定所阐述的特性、整体、步骤、操作、单元和/或部件的存在，但不排除一个或多个其它特性、整体、步骤、操作、单元、部件和/或它们的组的存在或添加。
除非另外定义，这里使用的所有术语(包括技术和科学术语)都具有与本发明所属领域的技术人员通常理解的相同的意义。还将会看到，诸如在通常使用的字典里定义的那些术语应当被解译为具有与它们在相关技术的上下文中的意义一致的意义，以及将不按理想化的或过分正式的意义被解译，除非这里明确地定义。
如以上所讨论的，在混合的卫星陆地网络中某些移动性管理问题可能不能由当前的现有技术最佳地解决。两个例子是：(a)通过蜂窝覆盖区域的覆盖洞的双模(陆地-卫星)移动站，该覆盖洞是例如横跨一个主要的高速公路的洞的结果，该移动站多半想要登记到卫星网络，而不管它们是否将使用该卫星网络-这可以对卫星网络造成大的和不必要的负担；以及(b)如果通告了卫星网络提供用于蜂窝网络的普遍存在的覆盖重叠，则当用户离开蜂窝网络时，用户多半可以预期在蜂窝网络与卫星网络之间的无缝的呼叫中移交。如果蜂窝网络与卫星网络由不同的行政管理机构拥有，则这可能需要PLMN间移交。如果该卫星和陆地原籍PLMN由同一个行政管理机构拥有，则移交可以作为MSC间移交来执行，MSC间移交的规程是在现有技术中已知的。然而，如果用户从原籍陆地PLMN 漫游到访问的陆地PLMN，则在卫星覆盖重叠要保证在所有时间提供给用户的情况下可能仍旧需要PLMN间移交(在访问的陆地PLMN与卫星网络之间)。这里描述的、可为这样的问题提供解决方案的本发明的某些实施例包括：(a)通过使用单个用户识别模块(SIM)的、在卫星与陆地原籍PLMN中的双重登记；(b)不用装载卫星网络的在卫星网络中隐含登记；(c)当MS处在陆地网络的覆盖中时在卫星网络中的位置更新和/或(d)通过使用不同的安全级别的临时“快速传递(speed pass)”鉴权令牌的快速鉴权。
按照本发明的某些实施例的、对于上述问题的可能的解决方案牵涉到隐含登记，由此卫星经由例如与蜂窝网络同步的原籍位置寄存器(HLR)知道MS位置，而不需要由MS进行隐含登记。MS通过在蜂窝网络中被明显登记而被隐含登记到卫星网络。这意味着，MS将被看作为到卫星网络的隐含漫游者(即，它在卫星网络中具有虚拟的存在)，即使它可能实际上(物理地)处在任何任意的蜂窝网络中(原籍PLMN或它正在漫游的另一个PLMN)。为了被看作为到卫星网络的“漫游者”，卫星网络优选地知道MS当前正处在的点束。在蜂窝网络的HLR与卫星网络的组合的访问位置寄存器(VLR)/HLR之间可以建立数据库同步链路。
按照本发明的某些实施例的这种同步的示例性实现显示于图2。陆地PLMN 210包括基站子系统(BSS)216，它在被耦合到公共交换电话网(PSTN)230的MSC 215的控制下与MS通信。与MSC 215有关的是存储用于接入和控制网络210的信息的各种部件。这些包括用作为用于网络210的永久订户信息的主要数据库的原籍位置寄存器(HLR)212。HLR 212典型地由订户的原籍承运者(或用户发起呼叫的网络运营商)保持，HLR212典型地包含有关的用户信息，包括地址、帐户状态、和优选项。访问的位置寄存器(VLR)214保持临时用户信息(诸如当前的位置)，以管理来自处在由它们的原籍系统覆盖的区域以外的订户的请求。用于用户鉴权的秘密密钥被存储在鉴权中心(AUC)211中，以及有效的移动设备的序列号被存储在设备识别寄存器(EIR)213中。
类似的部件存在于示例性卫星移动通信网220中。卫星移动通信网220包括卫星点束225，它起到很像陆地网络的BSS的作用；和MSC 224，它可被包括在与支持点束225的卫星通信的卫星网关中或工作地与该卫星网关相关联。组合的VLR/HLR 222与MSC 224连同AUC 221和EIR223 相关联。在卫星移动通信网220中，当有单个卫星网关时，HLR和VLR功能可以组合到一个数据库中，因为所有的点束或卫星小区是可以从网关看见的。在其它方面，结构可以等同于蜂窝基础结构的情形。
同步链路240链接PLMN 210的HLR 212与卫星网络VLR/HLR 222。通过使用以上的同步链路240，卫星移动通信网220可以知道MS相对于点束覆盖区图形的近似位置。如果MS移动到蜂窝覆盖洞以及它仍旧可以接收强的卫星载波(例如，前向控制信道)，则它可同步到该载波和控制信道作为正常的漫游操作，但不执行正常地在PLMN间漫游操作中将被执行的位置区域更新。这可以减少与卫星移动通信网220的通信，对于这一点的动机已在上面解释。MS现在已准备好接收在卫星移动通信网220上的寻呼。
当对MS有进入的呼叫时，原籍蜂窝MSC 215可能认为移动站仍旧在陆地MSC的覆盖区域(被认为是覆盖洞的覆盖区域)中，其可以试图寻呼在预期的LA中的MS。在正常数目的尝试后，MSC 215按照典型的传统技术，可以宣告MS是不可得到的。在本发明的某些实施例中，呼叫可被移交到卫星网关MSC 224，它可以在覆盖MS的上一次报告的位置的点束225中寻呼移动站(按照在原来的蜂窝网络的HLR中捕获和经由同步链路被传送到卫星网关的上一个位置区域更新)。MS还可以按通常的方式进行外出的呼叫，-对于所有的实际用途，MS可被认为在卫星移动通信网220中被登记。
当移动站再次感测可读的蜂窝载波时，它可以漫游回该陆地蜂窝网络210和执行位置区域更新(即登记)。这可能是必须的，因为蜂窝MSC215可能已将MS令牌为分离的，这是如果MS在周期性间隔内没有执行位置更新则它可能做到的。卫星移动通信网220不需要被告知该传送。
在进入隐含登记阶段后，MS启动定时器。如果MS在预定的时间周期内没有感测一个蜂窝载波，则这意味着：它或者处在卫星覆盖区域中或者处在准静态。在任一种情形下，可以执行到卫星网络的明显登记。不明确的隐含登记由于与以下相同的理由而可能是不想要的：在现有蜂窝网络中执行周期的位置区域更新，即，如果MS突然遇到阻挡并且移动，则可能有一个LA改变没有有关网络的知识(例如，这种场景可以在MS进入隧道或被放入屏蔽的公文包中且被移动时发生)。
PLMN间移交的另一个潜在问题是，典型地需要登记。例如，由于安 全性和商业的原因，典型地需要进入新的PLMN的MS进行登记，但当前的登记过程常常花费太长时间，以致被包括作为移交过程的一部分。所以，本发明的某些实施例包括在移交期间的快速鉴权，这可以与上述的多个同时登记相组合。
按照本发明的某些实施例的示例性过程显示于图3。刚一首次接通，MS 320就登记到陆地PLMN的本地可得到的MSC 330。这可以是MS的原籍PLMN或它已漫游到的另一个PLMN。登记过程牵涉到鉴权。在GSM中，例如，这是基于移动站发送一个随机数，它用在用户识别模块(SIM)中载送的秘密的对称密钥数字地签署(加密)该随机数。这个密钥的拷贝位于HLR中并且依赖于预订，由国际移动用户标识(IMSI)识别。签名的对象SRES由MS 320返回到本地MSC 330。本地MSC 330已从原籍PLMN请求和接收真实签名的拷贝；本地PLMN检验两个签名，且如果它们匹配，则允许MS 320进入到网络。
在它被登记到本地的陆地PLMN后，MS 320单方地离开本地的陆地PLMN，且漫游到卫星网络。应当指出，这可以由MS中的原来的应用，例如确定MS的登录过程的应用驱动，以及不需要由任何通信协议或标准来约束限制。在某些实施例中，MS 320可以将卫星载波作为一个相邻的小区来连续地监视。因此，漫游到卫星网络可以是相对快速的操作，因为不需要牵涉到频率列表的扫描。MS 320可以以通常的方式被登记。
MS 320可包括在初始登记后的LA更新。如果例如提供卫星和陆地系统的位置登记的同步，则操作可以限于这一初始LA更新。然而，在某些实施例中，MS 320可以周期地返回到卫星网络，以提供LA更新，而不是依赖于在网络之间的位置信息的同步。例如，MS 320可以漫游到卫星网络和每次在MS 320检测到卫星束标识改变时提供位置更新。这样的方法例如可以避免配置改变和可能与在陆地与卫星网络数据库之间的位置登记同步有关的其它潜在问题，而不引入过分的消息附加开销量，这样，卫星网络中的小区改变多半以比陆地系统中的小区改变更低的速率发生。可以指出，MS 320在它工作在陆地网络中时优选地将知道重叠的卫星波束ID，因为如果在地面覆盖中有一个洞，则MS 320可能需要漫游到该卫星波束。所以，监视卫星波束改变不会引入MS 320上的负担。
除了这些程序过程以外，图3显示可被引入以提供流线化鉴权程序过程的某些附加步骤。当MS漫游到它时，卫星网关MSC 310可以从原籍 MSC 340请求安全性数据，例如多个，N个(N＞1)GSM三元组。这些三元组可包括以下内容：(a)随机数RAND；(b)使用在MS 320的SIM中的相同秘密密钥和以上的RAND的、签名的响应SRES的真实值；(c)要被使用于链路加密的密码密钥Kc。在N个三元组中，M(＜N)个由卫星网关310发送到MS 320。应当指出，这是与正常的GSM实践相偏离的，其中每登记会话仅一个三元组被发送到MS，虽然对于访问的MSC而言向原籍MSC请求一个以上的三元组是可接受的。MSC 320以传统的方式将第一三元组用于登记。MSC 320还预先计算(M-1)个签名的响应值SRES，并把它们连同(M-1)个密钥值Kc一起存储在下推栈(push down stack)结构中的MS 320易失性存储器的适度安全部分中。在MS 320和卫星MSC 310处等同的下推栈的使用确保在两个堆栈中的记录是同步的。为了进一步保证记录同步，一索引字段可被包括在两个位置处的记录中；也就是，除了SRES和Kc以外，还存储记录索引。安全性可以是软件控制的，且不需要基于抗篡改的硬件(正如SIM中存储秘密密钥的存储器)。较高的安全性可增加MS成本以及可能不被现在的安全性风险准许；然而，这样的更高安全性措施也没有被本方案排除。
在登记到卫星网络中后，MS 320例如通过执行位置更新，而再次单方地移动回到本地陆地网络，再次登记到本地MSC 330。此后，MS 320表现为一个正常的MS，除了在缺乏HLR同步的实施例中外，其中它可以临时离开陆地网络以执行卫星网络上的位置更新，正如以上描述的，以及此后返回到陆地网络。
当需要快速传送到卫星网络时，MS从下推栈的顶部取装签名的响应值SRES和密钥值Kc以及使用它们。被检索的Kc被使用于加密，并且预先计算的签名的值SRES被用作为“快速传递”(鉴权令牌)，它被传送到卫星网络，以达到快速鉴权。如果使用一记录索引，则它连同TMSI一起被解密，以允许在卫星网关MSC处该记录的快速位置。
按照本发明的另外的实施例的示例性快速鉴权过程显示于图4。图3上显示的、在从MS 320到卫星网络MSC 310的空中移交请求消息425的有用负荷可包括一未加密字段425a，其具有在它上次处在卫星网络期间被给予MS 320的临时移动站标识(TMSI)。任选地，消息的未加密部分还可包括索引字段(图4上未示出)。如果低的安全性满足的话，则这可以是鉴权MS 320所需要的全部，以及在MS中关于创建和存储多个 SRES值的、上述的过程可能是不必要的。然而，对于更高的安全性，在有用负荷的加密部分425b中在TMS I后面可以跟随签名的响应SRES，这个签名的响应由卫星网络检验。卫星网络保持由MS 320载送的鉴权令牌的堆栈420的拷贝410，以及该值在使用一次后可被丢弃，这样，关于哪一对签名的响应SRES和密钥Kc正使用于MS 320的给定接入并没有不确定性。在堆栈耗尽之前，它可被另一组签名的响应SRES和密钥Kc值补充。替换地，该组可被重复利用(即，堆栈值不被丢弃，而是被保存在备份堆栈中)，但这可能降低安全性。应当指出，卫星网关可以载送签名的响应SRES和密钥Kc值的堆栈，用于已向其进行隐含登记的每个MS。
按照本发明的另外的实施例的、甚至更高安全性的方法不是存储预先计算的签名的响应SRES值，而是存储随机数RAND值。签名的响应SRES值被在快速鉴权时刚刚和按要求计算。然而，计算SRES的时间然后被加到鉴权时间，并且可以是作为添加的安全性的代价。预期通过对称加密来计算SRES的时间是100ms量级。
在附图和说明书中，公开了本发明的示例性实施例。虽然采用特定的术语，但它们只是在通用的和描述的意义上被使用的，而不是用来限制，本发明的范围由以下的权利要求规定。
Claims (29)
1.一种协调移动站与卫星移动通信系统和陆地移动通信系统的通信的方法，该方法包括：
在属于陆地移动通信系统的原籍位置寄存器处登记移动站，其中这样的登记包括有关移动站的位置信息；以及
响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记，同时在属于卫星移动通信系统的原籍位置寄存器处登记该移动站，其中这样的登记也包括有关移动站的位置信息；以及
通过响应于在移动站被登录到陆地移动通信系统的同时移动站检测到在移动站处从卫星移动通信系统接收的束识别参数的改变，移动站从所述陆地移动通信系统漫游到卫星移动通信系统并向其提供位置更新，来保持所述属于陆地移动通信系统的原籍位置寄存器和属于卫星移动通信系统的原籍位置寄存器处有关移动站的位置信息之间的同步。
2.按照权利要求1的方法，其中同时登记包括通过响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记，把标识移动站的信息存储在卫星移动通信系统的位置寄存器中，来响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记，而把移动站隐含地登记到卫星移动通信系统。
3.按照权利要求2的方法，其中标识移动站的信息包括标识卫星移动通信系统的点束的信息。
4.按照权利要求3的方法，还包括响应于在陆地移动通信系统中移动站的位置更新，而生成标识卫星移动通信系统的点束的信息。
5.按照权利要求2的方法，其中响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记而把标识移动站的信息存储在卫星移动通信系统的位置寄存器之前是把标识移动站的信息从陆地移动通信系统的位置寄存器传送到卫星移动通信系统的位置寄存器。
6.按照权利要求2的方法，其中响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记把移动站隐含登记到卫星移动通信系统包括：把移动站同时登记到卫星移动通信系统，而不执行在卫星移动通信系统中移动站的位置更新。
7.按照权利要求2的方法，其中响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记把移动站隐含登记到卫星移动通信系统之后跟随响应于预定间隔消逝而没有该移动站的位置更新，终结移动站向卫星移动通信系统的隐含登记。
8.按照权利要求1的方法，其中响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记把移动站同时登记到卫星移动通信系统包括：通过响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记，从移动站向卫星移动通信系统发起一个登记请求，而不检测移动站与陆地移动通信系统之间通信的丢失，来响应于移动站与陆地移动通信系统的登记，而把移动站明显地登记到卫星移动通信系统。
9.按照权利要求1的方法，还包括：
分别在移动站和卫星移动通信系统生成一组鉴权令牌的各自拷贝；然后
通过使用接连的鉴权令牌执行移动站向卫星移动通信系统的接连登记。
10.按照权利要求9的方法，其中移动站向卫星移动通信系统的接连登记的每个登记包括：
把鉴权令牌从移动站传送到卫星移动通信系统；以及
确定传送的鉴权令牌是否与由卫星移动通信系统生成的鉴权令牌相匹配。
11.按照权利要求9的方法，其中通过使用接连的鉴权令牌执行移动站向卫星移动通信系统的接连登记包括：
通过使用第一鉴权令牌把移动站登记到卫星移动通信系统；
建立移动站与陆地移动通信系统之间的通信；
重建移动站与卫星移动通信系统之间的通信；以及
通过使用第二鉴权令牌把移动站重新登记到卫星移动通信系统。
12.按照权利要求11的方法，还包括把用于移动站的安全性数据从陆地移动通信系统传送到卫星移动通信系统，以及其中分别在移动站和卫星移动通信系统生成一组鉴权令牌的各自拷贝包括：分别在移动站和卫星移动通信系统从传送的安全性数据生成该组鉴权令牌的各自拷贝。
13.按照权利要求12的方法，其中通过使用第二鉴权令牌把移动站重新登记到卫星移动通信系统包括：不从陆地移动通信系统检索附加的安全性数据而把移动站重新登记到卫星移动通信系统。
14.按照权利要求12的方法，其中传送的安全性数据包括多个三元组，每个三元组包括随机数、按照与订户有关的密钥从随机数生成的加密值、和密码密钥，以及其中分别在移动站和卫星移动通信系统从传送的安全性数据生成一组鉴权令牌的各自拷贝包括：
把随机数从卫星移动通信系统传送到移动站；以及
在移动站处从传送的随机数生成匹配的三元组。
15.按照权利要求12的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到预定数目的以前生成的鉴权令牌已被使用，把新的安全性数据从陆地移动通信系统传送到卫星移动通信系统；
分别在移动站和卫星移动通信系统从传送的新的安全性数据生成新的鉴权令牌的各自拷贝；以及
通过使用新的鉴权令牌把移动站重新登记到卫星移动通信系统。
16.一种移动通信系统，包括：
移动站、陆地移动通信系统和卫星移动通信系统，其中
所述卫星移动通信系统支持与把移动站登记到陆地移动通信系统同时的、移动站向该卫星移动通信系统的登记，并且构制成响应于在移动站被登录到陆地移动通信系统的同时移动站检测到在移动站处从卫星移动通信系统接收的束识别参数的改变，而支持移动站从所述陆地移动通信系统漫游到卫星移动通信系统并且向其提供位置更新。
17.按照权利要求16的系统，其中卫星移动通信系统用来通过响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记，把标识移动站的信息存储在卫星移动通信系统的位置寄存器中，来响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记，把移动站隐含登记到该卫星移动通信系统。
18.按照权利要求17的系统，其中标识移动站的信息包括标识卫星移动通信系统的点束的信息。
19.按照权利要求18的系统，还包括用于响应于在陆地移动通信系统中移动站的位置更新，生成标识卫星移动通信系统的点束的信息的装置。
20.按照权利要求17的系统，还包括用于把标识移动站的信息从陆地移动通信系统传送到卫星移动通信系统的位置寄存器的装置。
21.按照权利要求17的系统，其中卫星移动通信系统用来把移动站同时登记到卫星移动通信系统，而不执行在卫星移动通信系统中移动站的位置更新。
22.按照权利要求16的系统，其中卫星移动通信系统用来通过响应于移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记，从移动站向卫星移动通信系统发起一个登记请求，而不检测移动站与陆地移动通信系统之间通信的丢失，来接受与保持移动站向陆地移动通信系统的登记同时的、移动站的明显登记。
23.按照权利要求16的系统，其中卫星移动通信系统支持分别在移动站和卫星移动通信系统生成一组鉴权令牌的各自拷贝，以及还用来通过使用接连的鉴权令牌而随后接受移动站向卫星移动通信系统的接连登记。
24.按照权利要求23的系统，其中卫星移动通信系统用来从陆地移动通信系统接收用于移动站的安全性数据以及从接收的安全性数据生成该组鉴权令牌的拷贝。
25.按照权利要求24的系统，其中卫星移动通信系统还用来把至少一部分接收的安全性数据传送到移动站，以支持在移动站处生成该组鉴权令牌的拷贝。
26.按照权利要求24的系统，其中卫星移动通信系统用来不从陆地移动通信系统检索附加的安全性数据而把移动站重新登记到卫星移动通信系统。
27.按照权利要求24的系统，其中接收的安全性数据包括多个三元组，每个三元组包括随机数、按照与订户有关的密钥从随机数生成的加密值、和密码密钥。
28.按照权利要求24的系统，其中卫星移动通信系统还用来响应于检测到预定数目的以前生成的鉴权令牌已被使用而从陆地移动通信系统接收新的安全性数据，以及从接收的新的安全性数据生成新的鉴权令牌的拷贝。
29.按照权利要求28的系统，其中卫星移动通信系统还用来传送至少一部分接收的新的安全性数据到移动站，以支持在移动站处生成新的鉴权令牌的拷贝。
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| US8923850B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2014-12-30 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for controlling base station sectors to reduce potential interference with low elevation satellites |
| US7751823B2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2010-07-06 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for controlling a level of interference to a wireless receiver responsive to an activity factor associated with a wireless transmitter |
| US9014619B2 (en) | 2006-05-30 | 2015-04-21 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for satellite communications employing ground-based beam forming with spatially distributed hybrid matrix amplifiers |
| US8169955B2 (en) | 2006-06-19 | 2012-05-01 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communications over satellite links |
| US8526941B2 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2013-09-03 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Apparatus and methods for mobility management in hybrid terrestrial-satellite mobile communications systems |
| US8060082B2 (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2011-11-15 | Globalstar, Inc. | Ancillary terrestrial component services using multiple frequency bands |
| US8064824B2 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2011-11-22 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for reducing power robbing impact of interference to a satellite |
| US7978135B2 (en) | 2008-02-15 | 2011-07-12 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Antenna beam forming systems/methods using unconstrained phase response |
| US8433241B2 (en) * | 2008-08-06 | 2013-04-30 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems, methods and devices for overlaid operations of satellite and terrestrial wireless communications systems |
-
2004
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- 2004-09-23 WO PCT/US2004/031507 patent/WO2005032170A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-09-23 CA CA2542027A patent/CA2542027C/en active Active
- 2004-09-23 US US10/948,606 patent/US20050090256A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-09-23 AU AU2004306121A patent/AU2004306121B2/en active Active
- 2004-09-23 JP JP2006528261A patent/JP2007507184A/ja active Pending
- 2004-09-23 BR BRPI0414609-3A patent/BRPI0414609A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-09-23 EP EP04789046.2A patent/EP1665865B1/en active Active
- 2004-09-23 CN CN200480027399.7A patent/CN1857022B/zh active Active
- 2004-09-23 EP EP10176884.4A patent/EP2259449B1/en active Active
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2006
- 2006-02-27 IL IL173956A patent/IL173956A0/en unknown
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2010
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- 2010-12-06 US US12/960,760 patent/US7974619B2/en active Active
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2011
- 2011-05-06 US US13/102,718 patent/US8131293B2/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5548801A (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1996-08-20 | Kokusai Denshin Denwa Kabushiki Kaisha | System for determining and registering location of mobile terminal for communication system with non-geosynchronous satellites |
| EP1152629A1 (en) * | 1999-12-09 | 2001-11-07 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Communication exchange system and mobile communication exchange device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BRPI0414609A (pt) | 2006-11-07 |
| CN1857022A (zh) | 2006-11-01 |
| WO2005032170A3 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
| IL173956A0 (en) | 2006-07-05 |
| KR101049422B1 (ko) | 2011-07-15 |
| EP2259449A2 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
| KR20070018781A (ko) | 2007-02-14 |
| CA2542027A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
| US20050090256A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
| AU2004306121B2 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
| EP2259449A3 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
| JP2007507184A (ja) | 2007-03-22 |
| EP1665865A2 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
| AU2004306121A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
| US20110256849A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
| WO2005032170A2 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
| US20110077002A1 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
| JP2011091812A (ja) | 2011-05-06 |
| US8131293B2 (en) | 2012-03-06 |
| EP2259449B1 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
| CA2542027C (en) | 2013-04-30 |
| EP1665865B1 (en) | 2014-11-12 |
| US7974619B2 (en) | 2011-07-05 |
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