CN1882287A - 弹簧加载式锥子 - Google Patents
弹簧加载式锥子 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/1604—Chisels; Rongeurs; Punches; Stamps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
- A61B17/1728—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires for holes for bone plates or plate screws
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
- A61B17/1739—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body
- A61B17/1757—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body for the spine
Abstract
一种弹簧加载式锥子,为整形应用而设计,其包括在骨头中打出中扩大孔。该锥子具有一个带有切削刀片的锥轴,装在套筒内,一个弹簧配置在锥轴和套筒之间,在锥轴的切削刀片接触骨头后,使锥端的切削刀片返回到套筒内的位置。该外套筒最好有一个插入骨质薄片的端头,而该锥端的行程由外套筒内的一个肩状物限定。
Description
发明领域
本发明一般涉及用于整形外科的锥子,特别涉及一种具有用来在骨头中打出或扩大孔的切削刀片的锥子。
发明背景
本发明一般涉及一种用于整形外科的锥子。通常,整形外科中的锥子被用来在骨头中打出或扩大孔。对于整形外科而言,尽管可以用一个钻头在骨头中要出孔,但是,对准孔所要求的精度,例如对于脊柱外科,要求运用了一个随着该钻头的导向装置。本发明使外科医生使用单一的器械打出对准适当的孔,而不使用两个器械。一种锥子还可用于打出自钻孔自攻丝螺钉的起动孔,不过它并非局限于这种用途。
发明综述
本发明涉及用于整形外科的一种锥子。在一个实施例中,本发明的锥子具有一个轴,带有切削刀片、弹簧、底部外套筒、顶部外套筒、内套筒和一个手柄。更特别地,这个实施例的锥子的切削刀片通常在外部套筒内由一个提供偏压力的弹簧操作。在一个实施例中,该锥子能具有插入骨质薄片的远端,及具有一个动作锥子的手柄的近端。最好地,锥子插入该骨质薄片,把锥子定位得与骨紧固件,例如螺钉之类,所希望的轨迹一致,穿过骨质薄片。该锥子最好以可脱开的方式插入骨质薄片。朝着锥子远端的方向给手柄施加压力,推锥轴按压致使锥的切削刀片离开外部套筒的弹簧,并同骨头表面接触。依赖所施加的压力和锥轴所行进的距离,该切削刀片更好地刺入骨头,切削刀片的行程最好由外部套筒内的一个肩状物限定。卸掉手柄上的压力,使弹簧的偏压力把锥子的切削刀片返回到外部套筒内的位置上。弹簧的远端倚在内套筒里边的一个肩状物上,而弹簧的近端则倚在由内部套筒和锥轴的接合处所形成的一个肩状物上。外部套筒可包括使该器械在整个外科手术之间进行清洗和消毒的切口。
在另一个实施例中,本发明的锥子包括一个带有在一端成形的刀刃的轴、外部套筒,及一个设置的偏压部件,给该轴加偏压使之到达外套筒内的初始位置。该轴由外套筒围绕,可在相对于外套筒的轴向方向移动,通过预定的距离限定该切削刀片穿入骨头的深度。此弹性部件可以是一个螺旋形弹簧,可围绕该轴。最好地,外套筒的一端能有办法可脱开地连接到骨质薄片上,螺纹连接更好。外套筒端部的螺纹可是圆锥形的。轴的初始位置最好是像这样的,乃至轴的刀刃可由外套筒围绕着。可有一个或许更多一点儿切口穿过外套筒,或者另一种形状的开口。该锥具可另外包括一个连接到轴端部的手柄。
一种把骨质薄片安装到骨头表面的方法也予以描述,该方法包括的步骤:(a)使骨质薄片接触到骨头表面;(b)使锥具与骨质薄片中的第一个紧固件孔接触,该锥具包括具有在远端成形的刀刃的轴、该轴在其中可轴向移动的外套筒及一个设置的偏压部件,给该轴加偏压使之到达外套筒内的初始位置;(c)通过向该轴的远端施加轴向压力,在骨头中打出一个孔;(d)在把锥具从骨质薄片移开的同时,保持该骨质薄片与骨头表面接触着;及(e)把一个骨质锚状物通过第一个紧固件孔装入步骤(c)中打出的孔。然后,这把锥子可连接到骨质薄片中的第二个紧固件孔上,为这第二个紧固件孔重复作步骤(b)一直到步骤(e)。在使骨质薄片接触到骨头表面之前,锥子即可连接到骨质薄片上。锥子最好通过穿入连接到骨质薄片上。
附图简述
当附图中本发明的优选的特点被公开时,本发明并不局限于这种优选的特点,其中:
图1是连接到骨质薄片上的锥子的透视图;
图2是图1的锥子的剖面图;
图3是锥轴的侧视图;
图4是顶部外套筒的侧视图;
图5是底部外套筒的侧视图;及
图6是顶部外套筒的侧视图。
优选的实施例的详述
参照图1,图中示出一个示范性的弹簧加载式锥子组件100,插入颈部的骨质薄片200的锚孔210。锥组件100用于包括在骨头中打出或扩大孔的整形应用。当该弹簧加载式锥子组件100被示出并与用于脊骨的颈部区域的颈部薄片200一起被描述时,这个弹簧加载式锥子组件100可与其它骨质薄片一起使用就会不言而喻了。如图2所示,组件100包含顶部外套筒110、底部外套筒120、内套筒130、锥轴140、弹簧150及手柄160。全部构件可由诸如不锈钢之类的可共存的生物材料制成。手柄160可以由塑料或橡胶制成,最好用硅橡胶以使组件100能承受消毒时的高温,亦有助于减轻重量并易于制造。向手柄160施加压力按压弹簧150的偏压力,致使锥轴140的切削刀片142退出底部外套筒120的远端122,使切削刀片142在其预期的使用中接触骨头,且最好地,例如,当该组件被插入,一个骨质薄片与骨头接触时,刺入骨头。
参看图3,锥轴140大约为200mm长,具有切削刀片142、远端部分144、中间部分146、和近端部分148,其示范性的直径分别为约2.5mm、约3.0mm、约3.5mm及约2.8mm。切削刀片的直径的其它尺寸,远端部分、中间部分和近端部分也可以被使用,而轴140的长度也可变化。中间部分146的结合处与锥轴140的近端部分可形成肩状物147。
参看图4,顶部外套筒110有一个扩口段在其近端,及有示范性直径约为2.85mm的通孔114和示范性直径约为4.78mm的平底扩孔钻扩孔段116。通孔114和平底扩孔钻扩孔段116的扩孔的直径的其它尺寸可以运用。平底扩孔钻扩孔段116的远端形成肩状物115a。顶部外套筒的长度约为80mm,而肩状物115a与顶部外套筒110的远端113相距约25mm。肩状物115a可以不同长度成形。通过顶部外套筒110筒壁119的正好相反的切口大约为2mm宽,约为30mm长,且使各手术之间清洗和消毒锥组件100变得更为方便。开口的其它尺寸和形状可以使用,替代所述的切口118。可提供一个或许更多一点儿切口118,而切口118能具有相同或不同的尺寸。顶部外套筒110的远端113的示范性外径约为6mm,使之能被放入底部外套筒的近端部分。顶部外套筒110的远端113可在外部车螺纹,以使可脱开地把顶部外套筒110的远端113接到底部外套筒120上变得更为方便。顶部外套筒110和底部外套筒120间设置可脱开的连接机构,能使顶部和底部外套筒110,120被断开,以使清洗和消毒变得更为方便。替换着,顶部和底部外套筒110、120可以由,例如,滚压、焊接和钎接等等连接。顶部外套筒110的远端113可包含一个企口117,以使连接顶部和底部外套筒110、120更加方便。
参看图5,底部外套筒120具有通孔122,示范性直径约为3.1mm。该孔的内径在中间段124增至大约4.55mm,在近端段则增至大约6mm。底部外套筒120的长度约为80mm,而近端段126大约是12mm长。近端段126的外径大约为7mm,底部外套筒120的剩余部分的外径约为5.85mm。穿过底部外套筒壁129的正好相反的切口大约为2mm宽,约30mm长,使各个手术之间清洗和消毒变得更为方便。切口128的其它尺寸、形状、位置和数量均可提供。底部外套筒120的远端121可以车螺纹,从而机械地连接在骨质薄片200的锚孔210的圆周上,不过可脱开地把锥组件100接到骨质薄片200上的其它方法也是可能的。在一些情况下,组件100将与骨质薄片一起使用,具有锥形紧固件孔,那么,底部外套筒120的远端121则会具有外部的锥形螺纹与该紧固件孔匹配。
参看图6,内套筒130具有其示范性直径约为2.85mm的通孔132,其示范性外径为6.5mm为远端部分134,和远端面131,其示范性最大外径约为15.5mm的扩口中间段136,及约15mm长且直径为12mm的近端部分138,带有近端面139。
再参照图2,现在,锥组件100的组件将予以阐释。锥轴140的近端部分148被放入底部外套筒120的远端121,直至锥轴140的肩状物147倚到顶部外套筒110的远端113上。弹簧150被置于锥轴140的近端部分148之上,而锥轴140的近端148则被放入内套筒130的通孔132,把内套筒以这种状态设置在锥轴140上,乃至顶部外套筒110的肩状物115a和内套筒130的远端面131之间的间隔104(尺寸L1;示范性尺寸约为17mm)略小于弹簧150的自由长度。锥轴的切削刀片的行程从而钻孔的深度因各不相同的尺寸L1和弹簧150的长度而变化。该弹簧能处于不同于锥轴140的近端部分148周围的位置上将是不言而喻的。此外,不同于螺旋形弹簧的一个弹性部件可行使同弹簧150同样的功能。内套筒130被机械地接到锥轴140的近端148上,最好通过焊接或钎接内套筒130的近端面139的接口和锥轴140的近端部分148。底部外套筒110从锥轴140和顶部外轴110的远端113之上滑过,而顶部和底部外套筒110,120被机械地连接,最好由激光焊接。然而,其它机械连接顶部和底部外套筒110,120的方法,包括螺纹连接、钎接或滚压也是可能的。此外,该外套筒可以是单一的构件。锥轴140最好在外套筒110,120里边自由旋转,随着孔深度的增加,为从切削刀片142的路径中清除骨屑提供方便。手柄160最好连接到内套筒130的近端部分138上,把该手柄模压在内套筒130的近端部分138上更好,或者通过粘结,或者胶结。
现在将描述使用锥组件100在骨头中打出孔。参照图1和图2,锥组件100最好由螺纹连接物可脱开地接到骨质薄片200的锚孔210上。其它可脱开地把锥组件接到骨质薄片200的锚孔210上的方法也是可能的,诸如扩孔套筒或球状棘爪。当把薄片200放到骨头表面上时,组件100可用作薄片夹具。沿轴向方向朝着骨质薄片施加压力导致产生手柄160的子组件部件,内套筒130,且锥轴140向远端方向行进;锥轴140的切削刀片142与骨头接触。手柄160的子组件部件,内套筒130的行程,及远端方向的锥轴140由接触顶部外套筒110的近端面111的内套筒130的肩状物135限定。这个行程限度依次限定由锥组件100成型的孔的深度。卸掉手柄160上面的压力致使手柄160为子组件部件,内套筒130,及锥轴140返回到其初始位置,其中锥轴140的肩状物147倚在顶部外套筒110的远端113上,肩状物147与远端113之间的接触限定手柄160的子组件部件,内套筒130的行程,及近端方向的锥轴140。手柄160可以作为轴向压力旋转,以使清除切削刀片142的路径上有骨屑变得更为方便。
初始孔由锥组件100在骨头中打出后,薄片200或由另一个薄片夹具(例如,在薄片200的另一个螺纹孔中的一个棒状物),或由外科医生或护士的手指固定在适当的位置上。然后,一个骨质螺钉被放入,穿过锚孔210,而锥子被接到另一个锚孔上,以钻出又一个孔。
以上虽然叙述了本发明的各种类型,但应不言而喻,各种特征可以单独使用,或在其任何组合中使用。因此,这个发明不欲局限于仅仅在这里描述的特别优选的实施例。
另外,应不言而喻,在该发明的实质和范围内的变种和改型可能被那些精通于本发明所属于的技术的人们想到。因此,由于这里所规定的公开,其在本发明的范围和实质内,所以,精通于此技术的人们可易于得到的全部有用的改型欲被包括为本发明的进一步的实施例。本发明的范围因此可称为在附加的权利要求中所规定的。
Claims (20)
1.一种穿入骨头的锥具,包括:
一个具有近端和远端的轴,有在远端上成型的刀刃;
一个具有筒壁、近端和远端的外套筒,其中该外套筒至少围绕着该轴的一部分,并可相对于轴移动;及
一个设置的偏压部件,给该轴加偏压使之到达外套筒内的初始位置;
其中,该轴可在相对于外套筒的轴向方向移动,通过预定的距离限定切削刀片穿入骨头的深度;且其中该轴可在外套筒内旋转,帮助穿入骨头;及
其中为了可脱开地接到骨质薄片上,外套筒的远端被斜削成圆锥形。
2.权利要求1的锥具,其中偏压部件为一个螺旋形弹簧。
3.权利要求1的锥具,其中该偏压部件为一个围绕该轴的螺旋形弹簧。
4.权利要求1的锥具,其中外套筒的远端具有外螺纹,以便可脱开地接到骨质薄片上。
5.权利要求1的锥具,其中该轴的初始位置像这样,以致使轴的刀刃被外套筒包围着。
6.权利要求1的锥具,其中在外套筒的筒壁上至少有一个切口。
7.权利要求1的锥具,还包括一个限定刀刃穿入骨头的深度的肩状物。
8.权利要求1的锥具,还包括一个接到该轴端上的手柄。
9.一种穿入骨头的锥具,包括:
一个具有近端和远端的轴,有在远端上成型的刀刃;
一个具有筒壁、近端和远端的外套筒,其中该外套筒至少围绕着该轴的一部分,并可相对于轴移动;及
一个设置的偏压部件,给该轴加偏压使之到达外套筒内的初始位置;
其中,该轴可在相对于外套筒的轴向方向移动,通过预定的距离限定切削刀片穿入骨头的深度;且其中该轴可在外套筒内旋转,帮助穿入骨头;及
其中,在外套筒的筒壁上至少有一个切口。
10.权利要求9的锥具,其中偏压部件为一个螺旋形弹簧。
11.权利要求9的锥具,其中该偏压部件为一个围绕该轴的螺旋形弹簧。
12.权利要求9的锥具,其中外套筒的远端具有外螺纹,以便可脱开地接到骨质薄片上。
13.权利要求9的锥具,其中该轴的初始位置像这样,以致使轴的刀刃被外套筒包围着。
14.权利要求9的锥具,其中,为了可脱开地接到骨质薄片上,外套筒的远端被斜削刀圆锥形。
15.权利要求9的锥具,还包括一个限定刀刃穿入骨头的深度的肩状物。
16.权利要求9的锥具,还包括一个接到该轴端上的手柄。
17.把一块骨质薄片安装到骨头表面上的方法,包括下列诸步骤:
(a)、使该骨质薄片与骨头表面接触;
(b)、使锥具与骨质薄片上的第一个紧固件孔接触,该锥具包括一个有在其远端上成型的刀刃的轴,一个该轴可在其中旋转并可轴向移动的外套筒,及一个设置的偏压部件,给该轴加偏压使之到达外套筒内的初始位置;
(c)、通过向该轴的远端施加轴向压力并使之旋转,在该骨头上打出一个孔;
(d)、把该锥具从骨质薄片上移开时,保持该骨质薄片与骨头表面接触着;及
(e)、把一个骨质锚状物通过这第一个紧固件孔安装入步骤c中所打出的孔内。
18.权利要求17的方法,还包含的步骤:把该锥具接到步骤(a)的骨质薄片上的第二个紧固件孔上,并为这第二个紧固件孔重复步骤(b)到(e)。
19.权利要求17的方法,其中,步骤(b)先于步骤(a)完成。
20.权利要求17的方法,其中,该锥子通过穿到骨质薄片上,可脱开地与之接到一起。
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US10/642,608 US7338494B2 (en) | 2003-08-19 | 2003-08-19 | Spring-loaded awl |
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CN1882287A true CN1882287A (zh) | 2006-12-20 |
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US (1) | US7338494B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1659962A2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2007502669A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20060125684A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1882287A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2004266701A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0413648A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2536160A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2005018427A2 (zh) |
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- 2004-08-18 CN CNA200480029520XA patent/CN1882287A/zh active Pending
- 2004-08-18 EP EP04781539A patent/EP1659962A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-08-18 WO PCT/US2004/026877 patent/WO2005018427A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-08-18 CA CA002536160A patent/CA2536160A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2004-08-18 JP JP2006524025A patent/JP2007502669A/ja active Pending
- 2004-08-18 AU AU2004266701A patent/AU2004266701A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US7338494B2 (en) | 2008-03-04 |
JP2007502669A (ja) | 2007-02-15 |
EP1659962A2 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
BRPI0413648A (pt) | 2006-10-17 |
CA2536160A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
AU2004266701A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
WO2005018427A3 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
KR20060125684A (ko) | 2006-12-06 |
ZA200601515B (en) | 2007-05-30 |
WO2005018427A2 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
US20050043738A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
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