CN1905917A - 通过鼻界面进行无创通气的方法和装置 - Google Patents

通过鼻界面进行无创通气的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1905917A
CN1905917A CNA2004800304800A CN200480030480A CN1905917A CN 1905917 A CN1905917 A CN 1905917A CN A2004800304800 A CNA2004800304800 A CN A2004800304800A CN 200480030480 A CN200480030480 A CN 200480030480A CN 1905917 A CN1905917 A CN 1905917A
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安东尼·D·翁德卡
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Abstract

鼻通气界面包括被配置为输送通气气体的一对管。管在第一端可连接到通气气体供给软管并在第二端可与人的鼻孔接合。接头被配置为将所述一对管与人的鼻孔对准,其中每个管与另一管不存在气动互连。

Description

通过鼻界面进行无创通气的方法和装置
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2003年8月18日已提交的美国临时专利申请No.60/495,812和2003年10月14日已提交的美国临时专利申请No.60/511,820的优先权,这些申请通过参考参考在此完整引入。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种无创通气(NIV)患者界面(interface)装置,该装置提供了空气进入到患者气管和肺的通道。更具体地,本发明可以被应用到阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA),这是一种上气管被阻塞的状态,然而这里所公开的对于其它呼吸状态也适用。
背景技术
无创患者界面装置在各种医学过程被使用,诸如紧急通气、麻醉输送和恢复、雾化药物输送、增加自然呼吸、补充氧气输送、机械通气、从机械通气脱离和用于治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)。在后面的情况中,连续正气管压力(CPAP)或连续可变水平正气管压力(VPAP)通过界面装置在睡眠期间被输送到患者的气管以防止气管阻塞。OSA对于所有正气管压力(PAP)应用是独特的,因为患者其它方面健康,为了在睡眠时不打扰患者治疗必须最小化突兀感,而在其它PAP应用中打扰睡眠可不加考虑。存在三种不同形式的NIV界面装置:鼻界面、口部界面、组合的口—鼻界面。在鼻界面形式中,有两类:鼻罩和鼻界面或鼻套。
鼻通气界面装置典型地被用于在人自然呼吸期间通过放置装置的尖端到人的鼻孔供给补充氧气到他们的肺。既然补充氧的容量要求非常低(<2LPM)不需要大口径管,而且患者必须能呼吸放置在鼻孔内的界面管尖头外面周围的室内空气,这些装置由管直径大体上小于鼻孔直径的管构成。
氧气鼻套典型地包括水平地位于鼻子下方的主基部管,从该管处两个尖头以直角向上延伸并进入鼻孔。对于一些装置,这些尖头被设计为夹住鼻孔隔膜以有助于固位、且有时候这些尖头在其尖端朝彼此倾斜以便有助于夹持。
典型地,但不总是,基部管具有贯穿的腔管,且氧气供给管通常连接到并从这个基部管的两侧延伸,典型地经过耳朵周围然后到颈部的前面以固定仪器到患者上。除这些氧气界面管之外,为了提供正气管压力(PAP)通气治疗,建立了使用密封鼻孔的大的鼻界面管的医疗实践。因为与侵入气管插管有关的损伤,该实践在新生儿中特别常用。
鼻界面管存在两种形式:用于补充吸氧疗法的非密封鼻界面管和用于PAP通气的密封鼻界面管。
最近,为了改善PAP通气,开发了特殊形式的密封鼻界面管;然而,如将要解释的,特别是当使用在OSA应用时这些设计具有重大缺陷。
Agdanowski的美国专利No.4648398描述了一种可膨胀的泡沫尖端的鼻尖头,其中,为了插入到鼻孔中使用者压缩泡沫,然后泡沫再膨胀以接触鼻孔壁。鼻尖头从基部管是直角延伸,与吸氧疗法界面管类似。特别是当使用在OSA应用时Agdanowski装置有两个重大缺陷:(1)传统基部管—直角尖头配置固有地阻止气流,因为从两侧强制进入基部管内的空气在基部管的中部撞击且空气必须做突然的方向变化进入尖头。通常,在OSA应用中有阻力的、紊流的设计是不希望的,因为它会引起特大的噪声(这对使用者和同床伙伴是心烦的)且因为使用者必须通过增加压力设置补偿(这对使用者是不够舒适的)。增加压力设置对密封更苛求,要求装置紧紧配合到使用者的鼻子(也对使用者不够舒适)。在非OSA应用中,有阻力的紊流的设计是可行的,因为噪声或高的压力不是使用者关心的。(2)Agdanowski装置也不允许鼻尖头部位与使用者的鼻孔准确地对准。
然而,对准在OSA应用中是关键的,因为不对准的尖头是不舒适的。例如,Winthrop的美国专利No.5,682,881描述了一种界面管,具有放置在鼻子下方的皮肤上用于固定界面管系统在位的背面粘性的泡沫带。在各种短期治疗应用中,背面粘性的固定系统很常见,在长期或重复使用中它们的耐久性值得怀疑。Winthrop装置也具有前面所提到的气流阻力和对准问题。
Trimble的美国专利No.4,782,832描述了一种鼻界面,具有放置在鼻子下方的硬歧管,两个截头圆锥形的波纹状的构件从该歧管延伸,用于插入和密封鼻孔。歧管通过从眼睛之间的前额延伸向下且向下到鼻梁的支架吊在鼻子下。气体供给管被连接到支架。这个支架和歧管布置成对希望管远离他们嘴部和耳朵的使用者是一种改善,然而这个配置是突兀的,且不益于视觉,特别是如果佩戴眼镜。另外,来自硬塑料支架和歧管的不舒适很常见。相似的设计在Bordewick等人的美国专利No.6418928和Bordewic的美国专利No.6431172中有描述。这一类装置在商业上被称为ADAM(气管输送和管理)回路或鼻枕。
Wood的美国专利No.6478026描述了一种由传统氧气界面管管配置组成的PAP鼻界面管(水平基部管位于鼻子下方,两个尖头从该管子向上以直角延伸用于插入到鼻孔内)。尖头包括椭圆形横截面和在其尖端的同心环。相似的设计在Wood的美国专利No.6595215,Wood的美国专利申请No.2002/0092527,Strickland的美国专利申请No.2003/0079749和Wood的美国专利申请No.2003/0116163中有描述。
至少自从1987年具有椭圆横截面的界面管尖头就已经商业使用了,例如,在Trimble的美国专利No.4782832中,然而椭圆形的横截面对于PAP应用没有实际价值。为了必不可少的舒适,尖头材料必须比鼻孔组织更柔顺,且因此鼻孔结构将定形尖头以与鼻孔一致,而不考虑尖头的形状。实际上,在儿科和成年人的应用中,假定它们都使用恰当的材料柔软度制造,具有圆形横截面的尖头与椭圆形横截面的尖头一样舒服和密封。
另外,一些装置对于所必须的尖头的深界面套管插入到鼻子中以便密封和固位是有问题的;深界面套管插入对于很多使用者是不期望的且可能引起粘膜刺激或损坏。最后,这一类发明仍然存在鼻孔—尖头对准问题、流体紊流问题、突兀、耳朵和面颊不舒适,以及使用者侧躺时的不舒适。
Macrae的美国专利申请No.2002/0046751描述了一种具有与鼻孔密封的中间细的形状的尖端的医用吸入器。De Voss的美国专利申请No.2002/0046756描述了具有为了保持装置在位而夹住鼻子隔膜的左和右鼻孔尖头的氧气鼻界面管。夹持通过远侧尖端朝彼此倾斜而完成,且为了产生足够的夹持力而维持固位,倾斜和间隔能被调整。这个设计在很多PAP应用中是不可行的,因为对于成年人充分夹持需要大于大约2lbs.压缩的夹持力,这对于长的持续时间是不能忍受的。微小量的重复或长期夹持可以忍受(<1lbs),然而这对于保持界面管在位是不够的。
通过PAP鼻界面管的轻鼻孔隔膜夹持在以前已经成功地使用在Trimble的美国专利No.4782832和Wood的美国专利No.647802中所描述的领域中,然而,在这些情况下其它主要的固位特征被使用以固定仪器在位,且粘膜夹持是次要的固位特征并小于1lbs的压缩。
Curti的美国专利申请No.2002/0053346描述了一种具有呼出CO2取样的密封氧气鼻界面管。在鼻尖头之间的基部管被分割产生两个分离的管路径,一个用于氧气输送(吸气),一个用于CO2取样(呼气)。这个装置在需要CO2监视的麻醉情况下使用,它的公开和实施例与PAP应用所需要的完全不同。
总的来说,PAP鼻界面管界面有5个重要要求,这些在患者界面装置特别是用于OSA应用的患者界面装置中没有充分解决:(1)低阻力气流动力学;(2)不需要深插入到鼻子的舒适且高效的鼻孔密封;(3)保持装置到鼻子、脸部和头部,同时具有舒适、不突兀和非刺激的系统;(4)容易连接和去除的系统或装置;和(5)整个仪器必须突兀最小化、舒适且符合人体工程学,允许使用者在入睡前佩戴时讲话、看、带眼镜、饮、以及打电话,且允许使用者在睡眠期间舒适地侧躺而不需要转换装置或移去密封到鼻子的部分。由于患者不清醒或服大量镇静药而安定因此不清楚所提到的缺陷,大部分现有技术仅对PAP应用有用或适用。
如将在下面所描述的,这里所公开的本发明解决了存在于当前可用的PAP鼻界面管装置中的各种缺陷,特别是相对于OSA使用者的要求。
发明内容
在本发明中所公开的是一种独特的PAP鼻界面管通气界面,包括:
(1)弧形弯曲并且非角状以使流动阻力最小化的鼻尖头;(2)自由可动的尖头对准和允许有选择地将尖头与鼻孔对准以优化使用者舒适性的间隔;(3)可与鼻孔边缘接合以便实现密封而不用深界面插入的鼻孔密封垫;(4)提供(a)用于密封垫保持接合在鼻孔上的向上的压缩力、和(b)提供将装置固定到鼻子、脸部和头部的最小突兀感和最大舒适性的条带固定系统。另外也公布了新颖的和独特的特征,诸如改进的排气端口、嘴部闭合、同时进行的补充氧气输送和芬芳疗法。
在本发明的一个方面,一种鼻通气界面包括:被配置为输送通气气体的一对管,所述管在第一端可连接到通气气体供给软管、并在第二端可与人的鼻孔接合;以及被配置为使所述一对管与人的鼻孔对准的接头,其中,每个管与另一管不存在气动互连。
在本发明的另一个方面中,一种成套工具包括:被配置为输送通气气体的一对管,所述一对管在第一端可连接到通气气体供给软管、并在第二端可与人的鼻孔接合;被配置为使所述一对管与人的鼻孔对准的接头,其中,每个管与另一管不存在气动互连;以及被配置为可连接到每个通气界面管的第二端且被配置为紧密接触鼻孔的至少一对密封垫。
在本发明的另一个方面中,用于供给通气气体的装置,该装置包括被配置为可连接到通气气体供给的连接器;从连接器延伸且被配置为紧密接触使用者鼻孔边缘以使来自通气气体供给的加压气体能被供给到人的呼吸系统的一对管;以及被配置为使所述一对管与人的鼻孔对准的接头,其中每个管与另一管不存在气动互连。
在本发明的另一个方面中,一种接收加压气体的方法包括:在患者上设置通气界面装置,所述通气界面装置包括:被配置为输送通气气体的一对管,所述一对管在第一端可连接到通气气体供给软管、并在第二端可与人的鼻孔接合;被配置为使所述一对管与人的鼻孔对准的接头,其中,每个管与另一管不存在气动互连;以及通过从鼻子下方侧向延伸越过耳朵的第一条带固定通气界面,使得第一条带提供向上的提升。
在本发明的另一个方面中,一种鼻通气界面包括:被配置为与使用者鼻孔接合的远侧端;被配置为连接到通气气体供给的近侧端;以及在近侧端与远侧端之间的中段,其中,远侧端和中段包括具有弧形非角状形状的一对管,在所述一对管的每个管之间不存在气动互连。
在本发明的另一个方面中,鼻通气界面包括被配置为在远侧端与使用者鼻孔接合的一对管,其中管的远侧端包括大体上笔直的中心线轴,且还包括被配置为连接到通气气体供给软管的近侧端;以及被配置为连接所述一对管的接头,接头具有在所述一对管之间的可移动接头,其中可移动接头包括允许管在至少一个平面内旋转移动的旋转接头,其中移动被用于使每个管的轴向中心线与鼻孔大体上对准。
在本发明的另一个方面中,一种用于将通气气体供给到人的气管的鼻通气界面,所述界面包括:大体上为管状的结构,具有被配置有用于与人的鼻孔接合的第一和第二管的远侧端、和被配置用于连接到通气气体供给软管的近侧端;连接到管的第一和第二远侧端的接头;以及大体上在鼻子正下方施加到第一和第二管的远侧端的提升装置,提升产生并维持了管的远侧末端与鼻孔之间的接合力,且提升装置还包括越过并在耳朵后面连接到头部的第一条带。
在本发明的另一个方面中,一种用于将通气气体供给到人的气管的鼻通气界面装置,所述装置包括大体上为管状的结构,具有包括被配置为与人的鼻孔接合的第一和第二管的远侧端、和被配置用于连接到通气气体供给软管的近侧端,其中,远侧端包括被设置在管与使用者鼻子和上嘴唇之间的皮肤之间的脸部衬垫,其中,脸部衬垫衬垫使用者的皮肤并使远侧端管在径向面上成一角度倾斜,其中该角度使远侧端管与使用者鼻孔边缘对准。
在本发明的另一个方面中,一种用于将通气气体供给到人的气管的鼻通气界面装置包括大体上为管状的结构,具有包括被配置为与人的鼻孔接合的第一和第二管的远侧端、和被配置用于连接到通气气体供给软管的近侧端,所述装置还包括从下巴到头顶大体上围绕头部的条带件,其中,条带对下巴施加向上的压缩以偏压嘴部处于闭合状态,且条带包括将所述装置连接到条带件的装置。
参考附图和这里的总体公开,本发明的上述方面将被充分说明。
附图说明
下面将参考附图所示的优选实施例非常详细地描述本发明,附图中相似的构件具有相同的参考标号,其中:
图1显示用于正压通气的传统鼻界面插管的正视图;
图2显示图1的传统鼻界面插管的透视图;
图3A显示根据本发明一个实施例的鼻界面的正视图;
图3B显示根据另一个实施例的图3A的鼻界面的正视图;
图4显示图3A的鼻界面的分解透视图;
图5A显示沿直线A-A的图4的鼻界面的横截面视图;
图5B显示沿直线B-B的图4的鼻界面的横截面视图;
图6显示根据本发明一个实施例的连接器的透视图;
图7显示图6所示的各种连接器的透视图;
图8A-8G显示根据本发明的不同方面具有各种调整连接器长度的方法的、根据图6的连接器的透视图;
图9显示连接器的替代实施例的透视图,其中连接器具有与界面装置的管靠压缩空气连通的腔管。
图10显示沿直线C-C的图9的连接器的横截面视图;
图11A显示被配置为将管子与鼻子的鼻孔对准的界面管的各种调整角度的平面图;
图11B显示图11A的界面管的各种调整角度的侧视图;
图12显示连接器和界面管之间的连接的透视图;
图13A-13H显示图12的连接器和界面管之间的各种连接的横截面视图;
图14A显示被配置为密封鼻孔边缘的密封垫的正视图,包括用于接合和密封鼻孔边缘的台阶状垫轮廓;
图14B显示图14A的密封垫的透视图;
图14C显示沿直线D-D的图14A的密封垫的横截面视图:
图14D显示密封垫的透视图;
图14E显示密封垫的横截面视图;
图15A-15G显示根据本发明另一个实施例的各种密封垫的横截面视图;
图16A-16F显示沿图14D的直线E-E的各种密封垫的横截面视图;
图17显示密封垫的另一个方面的正视图;
图18A-18C显示密封垫的另一个方面的横截面视图,其中密封垫分别是可膨胀的、适用于真空以及密封垫是界面管的一部分;
图18D显示密封垫的另一个方面的透视图,其中密封垫包括至少一个环;
图18E显示图18D的密封垫的顶视图;
图19A和19B显示被配置为抬起和压紧密封垫紧靠鼻子并固定界面管的位置到鼻子侧向的头部条带的正视图和侧视图;
图20A和20B显示图19A和19B的头部条带的正视图;
图21A和21B显示成角状的以便与呼出气体的自然方向向量共线的排气端口的正视图和侧视图;
图22显示图21A和21B的排气端口的横截面视图;
图23A和23B显示下颚提升头带的正视图和侧视图;
图24显示鼻界面成套工具的平面图;
图25显示用于通气系统的鼻罩的透视图;
图26A-26I显示与图25的鼻罩一起设置的鼻定位架的横截面视图;
图27A显示包括鼻罩和一对界面管的混合通气界面装置的正视图;
图27B显示图27A的混合通气界面装置的横截面视图;
图28A显示混合通气界面装置的另一个实施例的正视图;
图28B显示图28A的横截面视图;
图29A显示混合通气界面装置的另一个实施例的正视图;
图29B显示图29A的横截面视图;
图30显示便携式呼吸气体压力产生和输送单元的正视图;
图31显示图30的便携式呼吸气体压力产生和输送单元的顶视图;
图32显示鼻界面装置的替代实施例的正视图;
图33A显示图32的鼻界面装置的另一个实施例的正视图;
图33B显示图32的鼻界面装置的又一个实施例的正视图;
图34显示沿直线F-F的图32的条带的横截面视图;
图35显示图32的鼻界面装置的侧视图,显示装置如何舒适地紧缠脸部。
具体实施方式
鼻界面
图1和图2显示传统正气管压力(PAP)鼻界面10的透视图,鼻界面10包括位于鼻子下方的基部歧管20,两个鼻尖头22从基部歧管20成直角24向上延伸进入鼻子。基部歧管20通常接收来自两个方向的气流26,引起紊流混合和高阻力28。气流向上进入两个鼻尖头22的突然方向改变增加歧管20内的高阻力和紊流28。
图3A显示根据本发明一个实施例的鼻界面装置30的透视图。装置30包括一对被配置为输送通气气体到使用者的通气界面管32。管32在第一端34可连接到通气气体供给软管64且可在第二端36与人的鼻孔接合。每一个管32与另一个管32不存在气动互连,以便向鼻孔提供层流。
如图3A所示,通气气体供给软管64通过分叉装置61连接到该对管32。分叉装置61优选地是Y-连接器48。然而,应该认识到其它形状和配置能用于将气体供给软管分叉进入至少两个管32。分叉装置61也优选地包括至少一个旋转接头62。如图3A所示,分叉装置61还能包括至少两个旋转接头62、软管接头60和Y连接器48。
该对管32优选地在第二端36紧密接触鼻孔的边缘。如图3A所示,装置30通过头带形式的第一条带74和颈带形式的第二条带78的结合被固定到使用者。第一条带74优选地恰好在使用者鼻孔下通过合适装置连接到该对管32。第一条带74优选地恰好从使用者鼻孔下延伸且越过使用者的耳朵,在使用者头的后部后面连接在一起。应该认识到界面装置30能通过任何合适的装置被固定到使用者的脸部。
在一个替代实施例中,第二条带78能被用于连接界面装置30到使用者的颈部区。如所示,第二条带78在分叉装置61与装置36的第二端之间的一个位置可连接到每个管32。第二条带78优选地能通过合适装置被连接到界面管32,合适装置包括弹簧搭扣、维可牢尼龙搭扣、纤维织物环、夹子以及其它合适的安装装置。
图3B显示图3A所示的鼻界面装置的另一个实施例透视图。如图3B所示,通气气体供给软管64可连接到一对管32。该对管32从分叉装置61直接延伸到鼻孔,而没有如图3A所示的弧形形状。
软管接头60被配置为引导气体供给软管64离开身体。软管接头60优选地是成角度的构件,具有大约90度到大约180度的角度。如图3A所示,软管接头60是90度角。同时,如图3B所示软管接头60具有大约120度的角度。
图4显示根据本发明另一个实施例的鼻界面装置30的分解透视图。如图4所示,装置30大体上包括管状结构,且能由三个基本段组成:远侧段40、中段42和近侧段44。
远侧段40包括一对密封件46、一对输送管37和连接器33。如图4所示,如图3所示的一对管32能被分成一对位于装置30的中段42内的供给管35和一对位于装置30的远侧段40内的输送管37。替代地,如图3A和3B所示,该对管32可以是一个从气体供给软管64延伸到远侧端36的连续管。
该对输送管37能被配置为接合使用者鼻孔的边缘或替代地一对密封件46能被连接到输送管37的远侧端36。如所示,供给管35优选地可在一端通过Y-连接器48连接到通气气体供给软管64,在另一端可通过连接器33连接到该对输送管37。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,包括该对输送管37和该对供给管35的该对界面管32彼此不气动地连接。然而,该对管32能通过机械接头66机械地连接。另外,界面管32优选地从每一个管32的近侧端到远侧端没有突变的角度。如图4所示,每一个界面管32的远侧端优选地包括终端段100,它大体上轴向笔直(但不需要绝对笔直),用于与鼻孔接合或少量插入鼻孔。
在这些远侧的笔直终端段100的下方基部,在依然符合骨骼的同时,界面管32尽可能采取最渐进弯曲部分104和106。界面管32可以是曲线且以几种可能的配置从鼻孔向外延伸。在优选配置中,界面管32首先横向弯曲成106,然后接着朝颈部腹面通常是嘴角的侧面弯曲成104。应该认识到管32是后弯曲的。这种弯曲的无棱角的配置最小化流动阻力,因此最小化紊流、渗漏、噪声、和所要求的压力水平。本发明的气流阻力比传统PAP鼻插管(因为前面所述原因其阻力更大)的气流阻力小大约25%。
在如图4所示的本发明的另一个实施例中,装置30的远侧段40优选地配备有一对接触鼻孔的密封垫46。密封垫46可连接到该对管32中每个的远侧端。密封垫46将界面管32放置到紧靠鼻孔边缘,从而在密封垫46与界面管32之间提供无渗漏的连接,并防止在使用期间密封垫移动。如图14、15和16所示,密封垫46能被配置为任何合适的形状和横截面设计,以便保证恰当的密封和舒适。密封垫46的形状,包括横截面的设计,也要给使用者提供舒适。
远侧段40优选地通过第一条带74或头带固定到使用者。如图3A和3B所示,第一条带74优选地通过合适的装置恰好在使用者鼻孔下面连接到该对管32。如图4所示,第一条带74通过连接器76可连接到界面管32。第一条带74优选地恰好从使用者鼻孔下延伸且越过使用者的耳朵,在使用者头的后部后面连接在一起。应该认识到界面装置30能通过任何绑带、条带或保持装置被固定到使用者的脸部。
连接器76优选地连接到接头66以固定装置30到鼻子、脸部或头部。另外的条带或第二条带78能被设置用于在中段42将界面管32连接到颈部以便帮助固定装置到身体。应该认识到在替代实施例中,根据需要,中段42能从至少远侧段40脱开,使得界面管32分离。
如图4所示,远侧段40包括一对密封垫46、机械接头66和该对管32的第二或远侧端。在本发明的一个优选实施例中,该对界面管32在鼻子下用机械接头66连接。接头66被配置为调整该对远侧尖端的距离120(图6)以便与使用者的骨骼匹配。
应该认识到在优选实施例中,直接接近软密封垫46,该对管32用接头66连接。为了衬垫皮肤以便吸收捆扎力并将装置的远侧尖端的角度与使用者的鼻孔对准,皮肤垫或脸部衬垫68能被连接到接头66或连接到相邻的界面管32中的一个。
中段42包括界面管32或如图4所示的供给管37的对称管。如果设置有第二条带78,供给管37通过环连接器79被连接到第二条带78。应该认识到,第二条带78能通过任何合适的连接器被连接到界面管32。
如图4所示,在近侧端44,该对管32在分叉位置48连接在一起。分叉位置48优选地大体上临近远侧端36。然而,应该认识到,分叉位置48不必大体上临近远侧端36,且能被安置在离装置30的远侧端36更远的位置。在远侧尖端和分叉位置48之间,装置30由大体对称结构组成。优选地,除了在分叉位置48之外,该对管32不气动地连接。
鼻界面装置30优选地由生物适合的、低变应原性的材料或其它合适材料制成。另外,装置30可采用抗菌的、亲水的或光滑的表面处理而被处理,以便防止不利的组织反应。
包括供给管35和输送管37的界面管32优选地由诸如聚氯乙烯(PVC)、塑料溶胶、硅酮、氨基甲酸乙酯、氨基甲酸乙酯-PVC混合物、合成热固性材料或它们的组合制成。应该认识到装置30能由任何合适的材料制成。
界面管32优选地对于成年人具有大约8mm到大约16mm的内径,对于少儿具有大约5mm到大约8mm的内径,对于新生儿具有大约1mm到大约5mm的内径。另外,界面管32优选地对于管32具有大约30A到大约80A的肖氏硬度以及对于远侧端36和/或密封垫46具有大约10A到大约70A的硬度。
图5A和图5B分别显示装置30的远侧段40和中段42中的该对界面管32的横截面视图的优选实施例。如图5A所示,在中段42的管32的横截面形状是圆形110。然而,应该认识到装置30的远侧段40或中段42的横截面形状能包括纵向或径向肋112以防止扭结。如图5B所示,远侧段40中的界面管32优选地具有扁平轮廓114,以便朝使用者少突出,或在关键位置能包括径向皱折以便提供装置30的弯曲与使用者的骨骼匹配。替代地,装置30在其结构中能包括形状记忆或形状延展性构件,以便允许该对界面管32最优化弯曲以配合使用者的骨骼。
优选地,鼻界面装置30的远侧段40被注入模制为最终形状。然而远侧段40能被挤压或笔直注入模制,然后弯曲成形为最终形状,或浸渍成形或能被使用者定形。装置30的最近侧段优选地挤压并有选择地弯曲成形为所期望的曲线形状,以匹配具有立体形状的下巴或颈部骨骼。应该认识到注入模制、挤压或笔直注入模制然后弯曲成形为所期望形状的组合能被用于制造界面装置30。
图6显示装置30的远侧段40的一部分的透视图。如图6所示,远侧段40包括一对密封垫46和该对界面管32的第二或远侧端。在本发明的一个优选实施例中,该对界面管32用机械接头66在鼻子下方连接。接头66被配置为调整该对远侧尖端或密封垫46的距离120,以便与使用者的骨骼匹配。
接头66优选地是大约60-80A肖氏硬度的塑性管状构件。接头66优选地被挤压然后成形以制造接头,或替代地注入模制。
如图7所示,接头66能被可拆卸地连接到界面管32,在这种情况下,可以有各种尺寸140或形状142。各种尺寸140或形状142基于使用者的骨骼而选择。
替代地,如图8A-8G所示,接头66能被永久地固定到该对界面管32,在这种情况下,接头66优选地包括调整特性以调整或改变接头66的长度。接头66的长度能通过使用反向钩122(图8A)、棘齿124(图8B)、螺纹系统126(图8C)、榫和平槽128(图8D)、相对锯齿130(图8E)、相对可连接管132(图8F)或球窝134(图8G)来调整。应该认识到,接头66的长度能使用任何合适的装置调整。
在如图9和10所示的替代实施例中,接头66还包括气动地连接该对界面管32的腔管44。腔管44优选地大体上比界面管的主腔管更小且阻力更大,以便限制气流进入接头以避免产生进入界面管32腔管的反压力。然而,应该认识到腔管44能大体上小于、小于等于或大体上大于界面管32主腔管。另外,应该认识到接头腔管144能包括允许呼出气体148和CO2排出接头66的排气孔端口146。
图11A和11B显示基于使用者脸部骨骼的界面装置30的正视图和侧视图。如图11A和11B所示,界面管32的第二或远侧端36能从大致固定的起点164在多个平面旋转,以将远侧尖端160的中心线轴与鼻孔腔162的中心线对准。因为鼻子的形状、尺寸和角度多种多样,且因为恰当的对准对于舒适是必要的,在多个平面内的角度可调整性是重要的,特别是在OSA应用中。为了获得恰当的对准,界面管32能在径向面S内、冠向面C内、横向面T内旋转。
如图11A和11B所示,径向面S通常与头骨的顶骨之间或位于或在身体中线平面或其它任何平行于此平面的平面上的骨缝有关。冠向面C与沿着冠状缝的方向有关或穿过身体长轴的额状面有关。而且,横向面T与身体的前后轴线成直角。
图12显示本发明的另一个方面的透视图,还包括在接头66与界面管32的远侧端之间的可动接头67。可动接头67允许界面管32的远侧端自由移动,以使密封件46和鼻孔腔的边缘或入口对准。
如图13A-13H所示,可动接头67可以是铰链180(图13A)、具有连接到界面管32的球的球窝回转接头182(图13B)、具有连接到接头66的球的球窝回转接头190(图13C)、具有插入到界面管腔的接头球的滑动接头194(图13D)、球窝回转接头和滑动接头的组合192(图13E)、有选择地具有嵌入连接杆的枢转接头196(图13F)、具有插入到界面管腔的锁定结构的滑动接头188(图13H)、挠性接头194(图13)、或它们的任何组合。应该认识到可动接头67可以是任何合适的接头,且所提供的实施例仅仅是例子。
在界面管32和接头66之间的接头能被夹物模制、粘合或压配合到各个组件。
图14A显示设置有密封垫46的界面管32的远侧尖端100的正视图。如图14A所示,密封垫46密封鼻孔。另外,密封垫46防止界面管32深插入鼻孔中。密封垫46优选地与界面管32可拆卸地连接。
如图14A所示,密封垫46和界面管32被设计为确保:(1)将密封垫46压靠鼻孔边缘适当地安置;(2)在密封垫46与界面管32之间无渗漏连接;和(3)防止在使用期间密封垫46无意中移动。
图14B显示界面管32的密封垫46和远侧端100的透视图,包括台阶202、脊204、凹槽206和按钮或钩208。密封垫46可以包括用于抓握的皮带210(图14D),以便密封垫46容易地安装和去除。
如图14E所示,密封垫46优选地从界面管32的终端段100伸出220,以便密封垫46而不是界面管32的终端段100进入鼻孔。应该认识到,密封垫46能具有提供紧靠鼻子的鼻孔的密封的任何合适的横截面形状。因此,横截面形状的任何变化都能实现,且所示的横截面形状仅仅是少数几个横截面形状。
密封垫46优选地由肖氏硬度45-60的软热固性或热塑性材料组成。另外,密封垫46优选地是半透明的或带色彩的以便使其从美学观点上舒适或具有颜色代码,其中每一个颜色与一个尺寸和/或横截面形状联系起来。密封垫46能通过挤压然后形状成形、或通过浸渍模制或注入模制而形成。
如图14E所示,界面管32的终端段100包括位于界面管32的远侧端的界面管末端222。界面管末端222优选地具有比界面管32其余部分的壁厚226薄的壁厚224,以便在末端被鼻孔感觉到时减少终端段100的刚度。
图14C显示密封垫46的台阶轮廓,在远侧末端235处有第一直径230且在离远侧末端235距离为234处具有大于第一直径230的第二直径232。大的直径232尺寸大于鼻孔开口236的直径,且小的末端直径230被设计为大约等于或稍微小于鼻孔开口236的内径。因此,该配置密封在鼻孔的外侧边缘238上、且沿鼻孔的内表面240有选择地密封一定深度。如所示,接合深度234保持相对浅些,优选地在等于大约5%到大约70%的鼻孔直径的深度,且更优选地在等于大约20%到大约30%的鼻孔直径的深度。然而,应该认识到插入可以大于或小于上面提出的直径。
另外,如图15A-15G所示,密封垫46的形状不局限于图14A-14E所示的配置。例如,密封垫46能包括向内弯曲的凸面轮廓250,因此鼻孔边缘(图15A)接合在向内弯曲的表面252上;或喇叭形形状的密封垫254,它在远侧末端向外展开成比喇叭基部258大的直径256,以便喇叭状直径在离鼻孔边缘一定距离处密封在鼻孔内径上(图15B);双重密封260(图15C);蘑菇状轮廓262(图15D);腰状轮廓264(图15E);反向倒钩轮廓272(图15F);或围绕鼻子外侧密封的轮廓278(图15G)。
替代地,密封垫46的横截面轮廓可变化以匹配依赖于个体变化的骨骼。例如,密封垫的横截面轮廓可以是圆形280(图16A)、卵形282(图16B)、弧形284(图16C)、L形286(图16D)、椭圆形288的横截面形状(图16F),或替代地遍及垫长度的横截面形状可变化。应该认识到,可选择不同尺寸和形状,以优化配合和舒适性、以及设计的可调整性,且垫可以通过使用者成形以匹配所需形状。
图17显示密封垫46的另一个方面的正视图,其中密封垫是可膨胀的(图18A)、密封垫抽真空被使用(图18B)、以及密封垫46是界面管32的一部分(图18C)。
图18A显示如图17所示在鼻孔区域(X)部分扩大或膨胀300以便密封鼻孔壁的密封垫46的横截面视图。膨胀可通过与垫子连通的膨胀通道302、或从界面管腔304的内侧加压到垫子空间306来完成。
图18B显示替代实施例的横截面视图,其中在界面管末端(或垫子)320与鼻孔壁之间的密封通过在鼻孔内侧上或鼻孔310的外侧边缘处施加真空到界面管与鼻孔壁之间的空间而增强,在该处连续抽吸不会刺激皮肤。真空通过在界面管中的通道322或通过单独的真空管324被输送到位。当施加真空时,真空吸附鼻孔壁组织与密封垫相接触以产生密封。
图18C显示另一个实施例的横截面视图,其中密封垫46永久地连接到鼻界面管32,在诸如急救使用等的单次使用的用后即可丢弃的应用中这更经济可行。这种单件设计能通过两片粘合或焊接在一起、或通过界面管材料被减薄并仅在末端再成形328以便产生需要的柔软度和密封形状的整体设计而制成。
图18D显示被配置为装配在鼻孔内的密封垫46的另一个实施例的透视图。如图18D所示,密封垫46包括至少一个被配置为装配在鼻孔内的圆盘340。通过在鼻孔的内侧上施加最小量的压力,至少一个圆盘340将密封垫46和管32保持在鼻孔内。为了散开或分布压在鼻孔内侧的力,密封垫46优选地包括多个圆盘340。如图18D所示,密封垫46包括两个具有向下形状或蘑菇外观的圆盘340。
图18E显示图18D的密封垫46的顶视图。如所示,密封垫46包括至少一个围绕密封垫46的腔管34延伸的圆盘340。
图19A和19B分别显示第一条带74的正视图和侧视图,条带74与鼻孔开口相对地成大约360度旋转定向地连接到接头66。第一条带74两侧延伸,优选地越过耳朵,且在头部的后面连接在一起。连接方位和总体配置因此在紧靠鼻孔的密封垫46的远侧末端235上产生向上提升342,因此相对于鼻孔压紧和保持密封垫以便有利于或维持密封。第一条带74压界面管32在鼻子侧面紧靠皮肤344,以便帮助阻止无意中移动界面管32和密封的远侧末端。
第一条带74有助于保持装置30到使用者脸部。优选地,至少一部分第一条带74包括诸如半透明的高弹性热固性或热塑性材料等的弹性材料以便增强舒适并减少侵入。同时,第一条带74的其余部分由诸如橡胶—尼龙混编织物等的纤维织物组成。替代地,应该认识到,在另一个实施例中,第一条带74还能由在第一条带74的皮肤侧,特别是在耳朵区域或在鼻子下方提供衬垫的材料组成,以便进一步改进舒适性。与接头66的连接部76可以是紧压到管状接头上的半管、或夹子、或弹簧类扣、环或其它容易连接的装置,或第一条带74和接头66可被永久地固定在一起。
替代地,如图20A和20B所示,第一条带74可包括界面管32的远侧端穿过其中(图20A)的槽孔352、或与界面管32的快速连接连接器356(图20B),以在鼻子两侧提供另外的界面管提升354,以有利于并维持与鼻孔的正接合,以便密封和整个仪器的保持。这些连接装置可以是浮动连接装置,以便允许界面管与条带之间一定的运动度,或可以是非浮动的。应该认识到,尽管条带某些具体方面被公开,它紧靠鼻子提升远侧末端以维持密封压紧的独特性可通过各种连接位置、紧固设计和条带材料而实现。另外,第一条带74的结构可包括形状记忆或可成形的构件75,以便有利于定位或固定装置而不用牺牲舒适性。
图19B也显示本发明的另一个实施例,其中鼻子或脸部衬垫68位于鼻子下方,相对于脸部使界面管32的远侧端倾斜角度362,以使界面管32远侧端的角度160与在径向面上的鼻孔管162的角度对准。衬垫360优选地包括诸如凝胶等的柔软可变形材料,或诸如粘弹性泡沫等的形状记忆能量吸收材料。
衬垫68可直接在鼻子下方连接到接头66和/或该对界面管32,且当连接以沿着所期望的矢量产生向上提升342时,连接位置优选地是用键结合以保证恰当定向。
鼻子或脸部衬垫68优选地由具有粘附表面的可延展材料制成,它被放置在鼻子上、且成形为防止由于通过鼻界面在鼻孔上向上延伸的压力而导致鼻孔过度膨胀的形状。替代地,耳环或头部条带可保持住衬垫68。
替代地,各种衬垫尺寸可提供给使用者以选择正确的倾斜设置,或衬垫68本身能调整。应该认识到衬垫68可以是接头66、头部条带连接器76、界面管或密封垫46的组成部分,或者衬垫68和头部条带连接器76能围绕或通过接头66而彼此连接在一起。应该认识到,衬垫可采用铰链被连接到头部条带连接器,以便两个夹子一起围绕连接器。
图21A和21B分别显示包括通气排气孔端口370的本发明的另一个方面的正视图和侧视图。排气孔端口370通常使用在CPAP或VPAP患者界面应用中,由于这些系统不包括呼气阀。排气端口370降低装置30的界面管32内部的CO2水平,因此有利于呼气。另外,排气端口370在气源供给中断的情况下提供安全获得周围空气。
如图21A和21B所示,排气端口370被配置在相对于使用者的脸部成倾斜方向380,以便形成从脸部向外和从鼻子向下的气流方向382,因此模拟鼻子呼气气流的自然方向和引导气流离开使用者脸部且不指向病床同伴的方向。排气端口370可位于界面管32上在鼻子正下方384,或更靠近面颊386。
在一个优选实施例中,如图22所示,排气端口370进一步被配置以便有恰当的流体动力学和进入效应(例如,倒角或弄圆的前缘388)且可以有用于噪声控制的过滤(例如,集成在排气端口中的低流阻过滤器)。在界面管32中的壁可以在区域392加厚以便有利于通道的恰当配置和性能。应该认识到,当用于在管路中有呼气阀的PAP应用时,装置30可以没有排气端口370。
图23A和23B分别显示头带440的正视图和侧视图。头带被配置为固定界面管32在位,同时防止下颚442打开以防止嘴部渗漏。头带440定位界面管32的远侧端100以便在界面管远侧末端100处提供向上的提升力342,从而末端紧靠鼻孔被压紧以维持密封。头带440可被设计为可调整以便满足各种骨骼,或可提供各种尺寸。头带优选地包括诸如氯丁橡胶等的弹性可延展泡沫类材料。
在另一个实施例中,为了在PAP治疗同时供给补充氧气流的目的,一个导管或管子被集成到装置30的界面管32上。替代地,导管或管子可被集成到为了清除装置30的界面管32内富含CO2的空气而连接到真空源的装置30的界面管32上。为了阻止PAP空气无意中泄漏,可以使用被互连到装置且被放置在嘴部的嘴部护罩。应该认识到,治疗或放松用的芬芳气味能被注射到通气气体供给源中,优选地插入一个药筒到与装置的通气供给管串联的容器中。
应该认识到,如图1-23所示的鼻界面装置30可包括任一、部分或全部所述实施例。同样,尽管在大部分所述实施例涉及装置的诸如随OSA等的长期或重复使用,应该认识到存在非OSA通气使用,它们也能从这些实施例受益,诸如用于COPD的PAP治疗、麻醉恢复、呼吸机脱离、门诊外科使用和急诊通气等。另外,应该认识到,除CPAP或VPAP通气之外,本发明能被用于其它形式的机械通气,诸如CMV、SIMV等等。最后,应该认识到,通过必需的改变,装置可以再次使用或一次性使用,且适用于成年人、少儿或新生儿使用。
图24显示鼻界面成套工具400,包括一对鼻孔密封垫46、一对界面管32、接头66、第一条带74、备用接头66、皮肤衬垫68、第二条带78、清洗和储存容器404、皮肤膏406、芬芳治疗药筒408、尺寸量规410、说明书412、界面存储包414、下巴/嘴部闭合头带418,和用于各个组件的包416。
鼻罩界面
图25显示随CPAP或VPAP通气系统使用的鼻罩500的透视图。鼻罩优选地是三角形形状,具有塑性凹面外罩510和围绕凹面侧周边延伸的密封512(用于接触脸部)。密封512优选地是形状记忆可压缩泡沫构件,它被连接到面罩的塑性凹面外罩510的后部基底514(如图26A-26I所示)。形状记忆可压缩泡沫构件能永久地或可拆卸地连接到外罩的后部基底514。
密封512通常为大约3/8″到大约1″宽、并且为大约1/2″到大约12/5″高的条片,围绕通常为三角形的外罩510的周边516延伸。应该认识到密封512的脸部一侧通常是平坦表面;然而,它可包括匹配鼻孔的大体骨骼或周围结构的起伏和弯曲。
优选地,密封512的泡沫构件是具有形状记忆的粘弹性泡沫,它能压缩变形从而泡沫材料能相对于脸部压紧,而材料不会在压紧方向的法线或对角线方向挤出、弯曲或挠曲。
泡沫的可压缩性(以及体积减少)(没有侧面挤出)确实使得密封512压缩变形以便精确地匹配鼻子周围的脸部轮廓。泡沫的能量吸收特性使得压缩力消散并均匀地遍及泡沫扩展,使得需要更多压缩的区域(例如,由于脸部骨骼的高点)不需要施加在该位置的更大压力。大约相同的压力施加在皮肤上,而不论骨骼上凹陷或凸起。
为了卫生地控制污染物防止其进入泡沫基体或有利于清洗泡沫表面,泡沫表面518(如图26A所示)可选择性地用高柔顺性的弹性膜涂层、包封或覆盖(全部或在某些位置)。
优选地,在某些区域泡沫的表面孔隙可采用柔顺性的密封材料密封,或泡沫表面可采用抗菌涂层或其它涂层处理,诸如乳膏或疏水的、稳定的或抑菌的涂层或类似物。
图26A-26I显示位于泡沫密封512的下部或下方壁522内的鼻定位架520的透视图。鼻定位架520被安置在远离鼻孔开口的位置,以防止在使用期间如果面罩500移动使得鼻孔闭塞。
如图26A-26I所示,鼻定位架520可以是各种形式,诸如(1)从下部壁向上延伸的、用于钩住鼻孔隔膜的柔软顺从的Y型或U型尖头530(图26E);(2)与密封材料连续的、在密封的下部壁的中间区域中向上延伸的凸起部位532、534、536(分别为图26A、26B、26C);(3)对应于鼻孔位置的、在密封的下部壁的两侧的袋囊或凸起538(图26A、26B、26C);(4)有孔的鼻孔支座550(图26F)或穿孔的鼻孔支座540(图26E);(5)从面罩外罩延伸的定位架构件542(图26H);(6)T型横梁544(图26G);(7)弹簧记忆或可延展成形的鼻孔隔膜夹546(图26I);(8)限定下部密封而不是泡沫材料的弹性材料壁548(图26G)。
连接器560,优选地为肘形旋转连接器562设置在塑性外罩的凸面前侧,以将面罩500连接到可连接到气体压力源的管570。固定面罩500到脸部可采用传统条带系统580实现或采用如图23A和23B所示的头带440实现。
呼吸回路管的路径可按传统进行或采用在面罩500与被连接到颈部条带的呼吸回路连接器(未显示)之间的互连管570(图25)完成。
在一个替代实施例中,单独的真空管线可被施加到面罩外罩的凸面侧,因此当面罩被戴上时施加真空到该体积以便协助呼气排气、CO2气体清除、提高面罩—脸部密封,或提供主动呼气。面罩密封区域优选地包括穿过密封512的主体延伸的一体排气孔口;该孔口也许需要被保护以防止当密封被压紧时的塌陷和夹紧,这优选地通过穿过密封宽度延伸的防夹紧管来完成。应该认识到,鼻面罩可包括任一、部分或全部所述特征。
混合鼻界面管—面罩界面
图27A、27B、28A、28B、29A和29B分别显示三个通气界面装置600的正视图和侧视图。装置600包括(1)配置为围绕包括鼻孔边缘的一部分鼻子密封的面罩500;和(2)一对配置为密封鼻孔的鼻界面管32。界面管优选地包括配置为密封鼻孔的远侧末端235。混合通气界面装置600对于OSA CPAP使用者可以是一个优选的仪器或装置。
如图28A、28B、29A和29B所示,界面管32和面罩500腔都被加压且因此都被连接到气体压力源,或者独立地或者利用同一个管或连接器。由于鼻孔被界面管32密封保证了空气输送到鼻子,因此不必担心面罩边缘阻塞鼻孔,所以面罩500部分相比传统面罩可以相当小。组件的面罩部分确保鼻界面管32在位、并还在鼻子周围的脸部提供密封510。
密封512采用带有鼻孔密封或密封垫46的鼻界面管32、面罩周边脸部密封512来进行,或者两者都采用以减少无意识的渗漏。在这个实施例中,当系统600被加压时,在鼻孔外的区域(面罩内)的加压与鼻孔内部的加压同步(通过界面管),因此在鼻子的内部和外侧存在压力平衡,因此帮助防止在CPAP期间由于受压膨胀而发生的渗漏。
在典型的鼻界面系统中,在鼻腔590(在CPAP吸气期间被升为正压力)和鼻子外侧(环境压力)之间存在压力差,使得鼻孔扩张带来渗漏。在混合系统600中,贯穿鼻孔壁的压力是相等的。
在另一个实施例中,在吸气周期期间面罩腔590容积被加压,在呼气周期期间被减压,以便提供更容易的呼气。
替代地,面罩腔590容积能被连接到恒定或半恒定的真空信号,以便帮助去除积累在整个系统600中的CO2或同步化以减少呼气努力。替代地,恒定低压力水平可被施加到面罩腔590容积,且恒定高压力水平可被施加到鼻界面管32,其目的是在吸气期间界面管32将密封鼻孔,但不在呼气期间密封(例如在吸气周期期间通过鼻尖头管头膨胀),从而使得在呼气期间气体容易排出。
替代地,仅有一个鼻孔可被插入插管和/或被来自界面管32的密封垫46密封,界面管32具有在鼻孔中大体被密封的NIT,且通过这个插管或管32,当在鼻孔外面的面罩腔590被加压到低的呼气压力时,鼻腔被加压到治疗的压力水平(优选地为恒定,但可选择为间歇的),从而有利于或易于没有插管的鼻孔呼气的工作。在这个实施例中,应该认识到,有一系列组合,诸如在面罩腔590中的周期性压力与呼吸周期同步,以便在吸气期间打开的鼻孔接收来自面罩腔590的正压力气体以防止流体排出,但在呼气期间打开的鼻孔能接收低压或甚至负压以加强呼气气流。
替代地,被插管的、采用密封垫46密封且/或被用于输送吸入气流的鼻子侧能在整个夜晚交替,例如响应鼻子的阻力从一侧移到另一侧。在这个混合面罩600实施例的其它方面,界面的面罩500部分根本不加压。在这些实施例中,面罩外罩510和/或界面管32包括必需的在传统界面中很常见的呼气排气孔开口,或者包括在这个公开中别处所描述的部分或全部独特的呼气排气机构。应该认识到,混合界面管/面罩600可包括任一、部分或全部这里所提出的所述特征。
通气界面头部固定件
图3、19A和19B显示用于以舒适且方便戴上和取下的方式固定或稳固通气界面装置30到使用者脸部的方法和装置。固定采用两种常用方法完成:(1)采用具有能被使用者重复地成形或再成形的集成的可延展成形构件75的条带74、78,或(2)具有弹簧性能或形状记忆的条带74、78。图19A和19B显示包括可延展件75的可成形固定器或条带。一旦成形为所期望的形状,在固定器或条带74、78内的材料具有足够的强度和抗变形能力以便抵抗无意中的形状改变。
可延展固定器组件能具有几个不同的配置用于连接到头部。如图19A和19B所示,固定器或条带组件74、78能两侧伸展,从通气界面装置30向后部延伸,其中使用者成形该伸展以便按所期密切地接触头部。
替代地,如图19A和19B所示,固定器或条带74、78能如上所述两侧伸展,然而具有在其后部端部连接的条带,其中在头部的后面条带能被连接并捆紧在一起,从而稳固组件在位。固定器和条带74、78能从界面装置30向上伸展,越过头顶且在头部后面向下朝着颈部延伸。在这种配置中,在头部前面的部分(在眼睛之问)可以非常平坦并对皮肤是低轮廓的,从而允许使用者在固定器上佩戴眼镜。
固定器或条带74、78可包括在至少一个端部上的快速连接结构,用于在鼻子或其附近和/或头部、耳朵或颈带后面快速且简便地固定到界面装置(在下节描述)。
替代地,固定器和条带74、78可在一端能被固定到界面装置且在另一端可连接,或固定器在一端能被固定到界面装置30,在另一相对端被固定到其它部位(颈带、耳朵或其它固定器)。
固定器和条带74、78优选地由可延展材料组成,该材料优选地被柔软顺从的材料环绕、包装、层压或别的方式覆盖。可延展材料可以是铜、镍、黄铜或任何其它合适的材料。固定器的横截面可以是线或多个线、具有矩形横截面的带,或圆形或椭圆形横截面。
外面的覆盖物优选地是塑性(例如,软乙烯树脂)、弹性体(例如,橡胶、合成橡胶、硅酮以及氨基甲酸乙酯),和缓冲类材料(粘弹性泡沫)。可延展材料覆盖物的缓冲特征提供了固定器对于使用者的舒适和可佩戴性能。可延展材料和覆盖物能在它们的界面被连接在一起从而使得材料不可分离并一致地运动或在它们的界面能被松散连接以便允许两个材料之间相对运动。
在图19A和19B中所描述的另一个实施例是这样的配置,其中可延展件与界面管32成整体,因此给予界面管32有固定器或条带74、78的附加功能。
界面固定器或条带74、78的另一个实施例是这样的配置,它既包括可延展件也包括弹性条片,其中可延展件被松散地连接到弹性条片以便弹性条片提供固定器的伸展张力和弹性张力,但在同时可延展件提供固定器的刚性,因此它停留在所期望位置并保持形状。构件或多个构件通过被缝制到弹性带中或上面而被连接到弹性带上,或通过几个放置条带的织物环被连接到弹性带。
图19A和19B显示弹簧记忆固定器或条带74、78的优选实施例之一。如图19A和19B所示,固定器或条带74、78包括同类的伸长配置、连接和如前所述衬垫。应该认识到,优选地接合了上面所公开的特征混合的固定器和条带74、78综合有柔韧性、柔软性、刚性(需要的话),以及可成形性。
通气界面管固定
图3、19A和19B还显示采用减少有知觉的使用者的突兀感和不方便性的排布和固定用于通气界面装置30的气体输送管的方法和装置。具体是,固定方法和装置包括(1)颈带形式的第二条带78,它被连接到颈部并由柔顺且能随意伸长的材料制成,且容易诸如采用维可牢尼龙搭扣固定到颈部,(2)包括具有机器端端口和患者端口、在颈部前侧的T、Y和/或肘形旋转连接器的互连连接器或分叉装置61,和(3)将通气界面装置30、鼻罩500或混合系统600连接到互连连接器或分叉装置61的患者端的互连管或供给气体软管64。通向气体压力源的管被连接到互连连接器的机器端。
互连连接器或分叉装置61被固定到第二条带78或颈带且第二连接器60(通常是肘形双旋转连接器60,62)可连接到颈带互连连接器。互连管32可以多个方位离开界面装置30(鼻子或嘴部)排布到第二条带78或颈带:(1)或者到头部或颈部的后部,然后沿颈带排布到位于前面的互连连接器,或(2)到颈部的侧边,在那它被固定到颈带,然后排布到互连连接器,或(3)从界面直接向下排布到位于颈带前面的互连连接器,或(4)从界面向上越过头顶并在头部后方向下到颈带后部,然后沿颈带到设置的互连连接器。
互连管可以是在脸部、头部和/或颈部两侧的两个对称管,如图3所示,或可以是单个管如图32所示。固定到第二条带78的互连管的部分可以是界面管32的两个对称部分,或者可以是如图32所示在颈部一侧的单个管。
在一个任选实施例中,管本身能执行颈带的功能,消除了对单独的条带或颈带的需要。互连管部分优选地是柔韧且可伸长的(诸如波纹壁管或脊状管)以便有响应头部和颈部运动的抗扭结弯曲,以至于互连管不会无意中在任一端分离。部分互连管可以被固定到颈带以协助将它固定在位。替代地,衬垫可以围绕部分互连管,尤其是如果互连管排布到头部或颈部的后方或脸部,以便使得它对使用者是舒适的。
应该认识到,管排布和固定系统被用于控制管的位置以便引导它在突兀感较小的所期望方位离开例如患者的感官(鼻子、嘴部、眼睛或耳朵)。管因此能被引导离开使用者的感官或视野,从而允许更自由的活动,更容易移动并还减少将某人的脸部用粗大管子系到气体源的感觉。
除了刚刚描述的颈带互连布置外,另外可选择的管固定和排布系统能被用于实现同样的目的。例如,一个替代的配置是互连连接器被连接到使用者睡衣的翻领区域或胸部区域,例如用夹紧夹或耳垂夹,从而实现相同的目的但不需要颈带。
通气排气和通风
图21A、21B、21C显示呼气气流和CO2排出排气端口装置。如所讨论,排气端口370优选地是传统OSA CPAP界面(鼻罩和鼻界面管)中需要的,其中它们在非CPAP通气中不需要,因为非CPAP通气系统在系统中包括单独的呼气阀。在本发明中,5个不同类型的排气系统被公开:(1)沿呼出气流方向轴向成角度的角状开口,(2)排气吸入口,(3)定向挡板阀,(4)定向套筒阀,和(5)真空辅助排气端口。
图21A和21B显示成角状的开口,它在或靠近密封垫46的基部处(即,位于鼻孔外面鼻子下方)被设置在鼻界面管32的壁中。开口或排气端口370优选地设置在对角线角度380处,以便沿着向下(下部)和向外(向前或前方)方向382引导空气,从而呼气气流方向模拟从鼻子呼出的正常空气的方向。这最小化了对使用者和同床伙伴的烦扰。角状开口或排气端口370具有的额外好处是偏置了气流阻力度,从而当在界面管32内的气流在呼气方向时阻力低,且当在界面管内的气流在吸气方向时阻力高,因为从界面管内侧进入到通道通常与呼气气流方向平行,但与吸入气流的方向成180°角。因此,角状开口或排气端口370增加了“真空辅助排气系统”中的排气泄漏。
真空排气优选地由单独真空管线产生,真空管线远侧端与呼吸回路管的腔管在患者界面(鼻罩或鼻界面管)处或附近处的某个位置上连通,近侧端被连接到真空产生源。恒定或间歇真空被施加以去除富CO的气体。优选地,真空可以通过逆向(反向)正压力喷射气流产生,该气流带着空气随它排出(即,文氏管效应)。然而,排气系统真空可以是恒定的、间歇的和/或随呼气周期定时(例如,在呼气阶段开且在吸气阶段关)。在文氏管系统中,文氏管压力源和通气气体压力源可以是相同的或者不同的源。
便携式PGU700
图30和31显示便携式呼吸气体压力产生和输送单元700(PGU),它被设计为紧凑和便携以用于移动应用。
典型地,用于CPAP和BiPAP应用的传统PGU具有可变速度电机以控制可变速度空气鼓风机(ABF)和必须的数字电子器件和微处理器、模拟电子器件、传感器和软件以控制电机速度。使用者设定预定的治疗压力水平,且ABF速度根据需要自动调整,补偿当时条件(管阻力等)以获得该压力。
在本发明中,ABF不自动调整,而是使用者手动设定电机/ABF的速度,直到获得所期望的压力输出。电机控制电子器件因此能被制造的更廉价、并且为了更紧凑可以更小。
如图30和31所示,便携式呼吸气体压力产生和输送单元包括气体供给软管702、气体出口管连接器704、压力调整器706、调整器调节708、压力计710、除湿器712、电机和风扇速度选择器开关714、风扇和鼓风机716、风扇和鼓风机轴718、风扇和鼓风机电机720、风扇和鼓风机气体出口722、风扇和鼓风机气体入口724、可更换的HEPA过滤器726、包括可充电电池、变压器、保险丝和其它相关组件的电源模块728、用于AC或12V DC电流的电源线730;被配置为使得使用者能调整压力输出的可调的气管阻力模拟器和呼吸回路734;被配置为允许使用者调整选择的高阻力和低阻力的气管阻力模拟器调整装置736;气管阻力气体出口738、呼气排出挡板阀740、接近除湿器的接近室742、过滤器、被配置为冷却装置的空气入口和出口744,鼓风机出口止回阀746、鼓风机入口止回阀748、冷却包括电机或鼓风机和/或附属入口的单元内部从而获得来自电机热的暖空气进入鼓风机并因此携带到输送给使用者的气体中以加温气体的鼓风机风扇排气750、贴橡胶的表面752以及保护控制和连接的滑动门754。
在便携式PGU700的第二个实施例中,描述了一种对单个使用者校准PGU700的压力输出的新方式。为了有利于恰当的压力输出设定,PGU700包括气管阻力模拟器测试端口756。当设定压力设置时使用者连接呼吸回路管或气体供给软管702的远侧端到测试端口756。阻力模拟器具有几个设置以恰当模拟个体的气管阻力或他们气管阻碍的程度。例如,如果个体具有非常高的气管临界开启压力,他们将设定模拟器设置到最大值,相反地,具有低的气管临界开启压力的个体要设定模拟器设置到最小值。例如模拟器设置可以是1-5,5是最高的。这样压力输出随该处正确的阻力而设定。
在便携式PGU700的第三个实施例中,描述了可选择的压力产生机构。除了用于产生压力的传统旋转叶片鼓风机和风扇,压力可以通过以下产生:(1)具有同轴电机的风扇,(2)活塞泵,(3)涡轮,(4)离心泵,(5)齿轮泵,(6)旋转活塞泵,(7)叶轮泵,或(8)通过使用阀在两个冲程上具有同向输出的双动作活塞泵。同样,除了采用传统单泵系统产生气流,可以有一列小泵,小泵优选地为平行的,以便以较小的总尺寸产生较大的气流输出,或在活塞泵中泵输出是不连续的场合在泵之间交替。
在更有利于便携的便携式PGU700的第四个实施例中,单元可以采用非120伏的AC电源供电,诸如12伏DC电源(采用内部电池、外部电池或打火机电源线)并相应地被配备。另外,单元700可以配备有充电系统,例如可连接到诸如变压器和/或120/240伏的AC电源和/或DC电源等的电源的可充电的蓄电装置(例如,电池、电容器)。充电系统输入电源可以连接有简单的传统连接器或可以是一个对接站。或可充电的蓄电单元在PGU700内可以是模块化的和可更换的、并在单元700外充电。另外,蓄电单元的充电可以是诸如要手动上发条系统等的手动充电系统。
在便携式PGU700的第五个实施例中,输送到患者的空气可以采用多种方式调节,诸如加湿和加温。加温可以通过收集从ABF或泵电机产生并输入到ABF内的暖空气而完成,或通过引导ABF空气输出经过电机以加温空气而完成。加湿可以通过包括在ABF空气出口通道中的低阻力过滤器而完成,在那儿过滤器被使用者弄湿以便空气在到患者的途中收集湿气。另外加湿器可以被从ABF电机收集来的暖空气加温,或替代地被珀耳帖元件加温。在这些实施例中ABF电机也被防止由于热流出而过度加热。
在便携式PGU700的第六个实施例中,单元700也可以包括呼气阀(例如定向挡板阀),该阀在呼气期间向大气泄漏,单在吸气期间对大气密封。阀优选地被包括在PGU700空气出口附近。
在便携式PGU700的另一个实施例中,单元由嵌装、凹入式安装或覆盖保护以避免损坏的刻度盘、计量器、连接器和控制器等构成。这些有利于单元移动使用时的可靠性和坚固性。
在便携式PGU700的另一个实施例中,单元外壳是抗震的,例如通过使用聚合物或橡胶结构的外壳,或通过用橡胶或聚合物保护围绕外壳。PGU700还可以包括波纹状的空气软管,它能被从其全长6′-8′压缩到1′以有利于便携。PGU700还能在ABF排放室温气体以冷却PGU700的内部,从而防止过热。PGU700还可以高度绝缘以消散或消除噪声。
应该认识到,PGU700包括所有必须的调整器、阀、传感器、计量器、管、电气线路、模拟和数字电子器件。这些新特征的目的是提供成本非常低且占据非常小的空间的便携式PGU700,以便旅行者能容易地携带该装置旅行,且也许拥有一台专用的旅行PGU700而不是携带他们更笨重更昂贵的PGU700旅行。典型使用者将是常旅行者,诸如销售代表、常乘坐越洋航班的人、或卡车司机,卡车司机可以将PGU放在卡车里并以12伏直流电使用它。需要注意的是,如果需要,任一或所有这些实施例都可以组合。
应该认识到,尽管所描述的各种实施例对于OSA CPAP应用特别有用,它们也对其它非OSA或非CPAP应用特别有用,诸如急救、NIV、COPD、从IMV脱离等等。
鼻界面装置的替代方面
图322显示鼻界面装置的替代实施例的正视图。如图32所示,该装置包括气体供给软管64、软管接头60、管32和分叉鼻垫64A。鼻垫65包括被配置为连接到管32的第一端和被配置为接收一对密封垫64的第二端。替代地,鼻垫的第二端可以被设计为密封垫64被固定到鼻垫65的第二端。
通过包括渐变曲线或弧形设计到鼻垫65,鼻垫65优选地被设计为避免与图1和2所示的基部歧管20有关的紊流。优选地,鼻垫65包括一对被配置为输送通气气体到使用者的鼻孔的腔管69。腔管69优选地不具有任何90度的角度、并提供光滑且弧形的构造,以便层流。
装置30采用第一条带74(头带)和第二条带78(颈带)被固定到使用者。如图32所示,装置30被固定到颈部,然后被安置在使用者的下颌上或周围。应该认识到,装置30可以从脸部的任一侧被安置在使用者的下颌或周围,以允许佩带者更舒适地沿一侧或另一侧睡眠。替代地,管32可以是越过头部的管子构造,通过如图33B所示的公知的越过头部类型的鼻界面插管和装置的方法被固定到使用者。
图34显示沿图32的直线F-F的第一条带74或第二条带78的横截面视图。如图34所示,第一条带74或第二条带78包括可延展材料75,可延展材料75优选地被具有柔顺特性的外层材料77环绕、包覆、层压或别的方式覆盖。可延展材料75可以是铜、镍、黄铜或任何其它合适的材料。替代地,如图34所示的可延展材料可以是线或多个线、具有矩形横截面的带,或圆形或椭圆形横截面。
外层材料77优选地由塑性(例如,软乙烯树脂)、弹性体(例如,橡胶、合成橡胶、硅酮以及氨基甲酸乙酯),和缓冲类材料(粘弹性泡沫)制成。外层材料77的缓冲特征提供了条带74、78对于使用者的舒适和可佩戴性。可延展材料75和外层材料77能在它们的界面被连接在一起,从而使得材料不可分离并一致地运动;或在它们的界面能被松散连接以便允许两个材料之间相对运动。
第一条带74和第二条带78优选地分别通过维可牢尼龙搭扣系统174、178被固定到头部和/或颈部的后面。然而,应该认识到,连接条带74、78端部的其它方法可以实施而不脱离本发明。
图35显示图32、33A和33B的鼻界面装置的侧视图。如图35所示,装置30被设计为紧密地贴住和紧靠在使用者的脸部。装置30紧密贴住和紧靠的特性提供了尽可能多的舒适。
应该认识到,管32还可以包括形状记忆材料。形状记忆材料由预成形形状或形状记忆件产生,该构件被集成到管的至少一部分上。
对如图3A和4所示的鼻装置的气流阻力和预计的噪声产生都进行了测试。表1是这些测试结果的实例。
表1
  气流阻力(cm H2O对LPM)
  传统装置1#XS(尺寸)SLXL   300.50.50.40.4   501.31.11.01.0   803.12.62.01.8
  传统装置2#
  X(尺寸)SMX   0.20.20.20.2   0.50.50.50.5   1.31.11.11.1
  传统装置3#
  0.2   0.4   1.0
  如图3A和4所示的鼻装置
  S(尺寸)   0.2   0.3   0.9
噪声产生(在50LPM的分贝—在离装置2-3英尺距离处评估)
装置1#    45.0
装置2#    50.0
装置3#    没有得到
鼻装置    42.0
如表1中的测试结果所示,由于装置不以现有技术中所知的紊流输送通气气体,作为装置的层流的结果,如图3A和4所示的鼻界面装置30提供了减小的气流阻力。另外,减小的气体阻力提供了减小的噪声产生。
参照其优选实施例对本发明进行了详细描述,对本领域技术人员很显然的是,可以做各种改变和更改以及使用等同替换而不脱离本发明。

Claims (72)

1、一种鼻通气界面,包括:
被配置为输送通气气体的一对管,所述管在第一端可连接到通气气体供给软管、并在第二端可与人的鼻孔接合;以及
被配置为使所述一对管与人的鼻孔对准的接头,其中,每个管与另一管不存在气动互连。
2、如权利要求1所述的界面,其特征在于,在所述管内没有突变的角度,以便通气气体的层流。
3、如权利要求1所述的界面,其特征在于,所述一对管具有弧形非角状的形状。
4、如权利要求1所述的界面,其特征在于,所述一对管还包括一对供给软管和被配置为与人的鼻孔接合的一对输送管,其中,供给软管在一端可通过Y-连接器连接到通气气体供给软管、且在另一端可连接到该对输送管。
5、如权利要求4所述的界面,其特征在于,Y-连接器还包括至少一个旋转接头。
6、如权利要求1所述的界面,其特征在于,还包括被配置为可连接到每个管的第二端且被配置为紧密接触鼻孔的密封垫。
7、如权利要求6所述的界面,其特征在于,每个管的第二端还包括适合于使密封垫与鼻孔边缘对准的旋转调整器。
8、如权利要求6所述的界面,其特征在于,密封垫还包括台阶,其中,台阶阻止密封垫超过所需深度伸到鼻孔中。
9、如权利要求1所述的界面,其特征在于,接头还包括脸部衬垫,脸部衬垫被配置为允许随着鼻孔调整所述一对管的第二端。
10、如权利要求9所述的界面,其特征在于,还包括第一条带,其中,第一条带可在鼻子下方连接到接头。
11、如权利要求10所述的界面,其特征在于,第一条带侧向延伸越过耳朵,在鼻子正下方提供向上的提升。
12、如权利要求1所述的界面,其特征在于,接头是可调节的,使得管的间隔可被调整以使管的第二端与鼻孔对准。
13、如权利要求10所述的界面,其特征在于,还包括第二条带,其中,第二条带可在人的颈部附近连接到所述一对管。
14、一种成套工具,包括:
被配置为输送通气气体的一对管,所述一对管在第一端可连接到通气气体供给软管、并在第二端可与人的鼻孔接合;
被配置为使所述一对管与人的鼻孔对准的接头,其中,每个管与另一管不存在气动互连;以及
被配置为可连接到每个通气界面管的第二端且被配置为紧密接触鼻孔的至少一对密封垫。
15、如权利要求14所述的成套工具,其特征在于,所述一对通气界面管还包括一对供给软管和被配置为与鼻孔边缘接合的一对输送管,其中,供给软管在一端可通过Y-连接器连接到通气气体供给软管、且在另一端可连接到该对输送管。
16、如权利要求14所述的成套工具,其特征在于,还包括被配置为通过接触鼻子下方的皮肤允许随着鼻孔调整通气管的第二端的脸部衬垫。
17、如权利要求14所述的成套工具,其特征在于,第一条带可在鼻子下方连接到接头。
18、一种接收加压气体的方法,包括:
在患者上设置通气界面装置,所述通气界面装置包括:
被配置为输送通气气体的一对管,所述一对管在第一端可连接到通气气体供给软管、并在第二端可与人的鼻孔接合;
被配置为使所述一对管与人的鼻孔对准的接头,其中,每个管与另一管不存在气动互连;以及
通过从鼻子下方侧向延伸越过耳朵的第一条带固定通气界面,使得第一条带提供向上的提升。
19、如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括被配置为固定通气界面装置到人身体的第二条带。
20、如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述一对管还包括被配置为可连接到每个管的第二端且被配置为紧密接触每个鼻孔的至少一对密封垫。
21、如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述一对管还包括一对供给软管和被配置为与鼻孔边缘接合的一对输送管,其中,供给软管在一端可通过Y-连接器连接到通气气体供给软管、且在另一端可连接到该对输送管。
22、一种用于供给通气气体的装置,包括:
被配置为可连接到通气气体供给的连接器;
从连接器延伸、且被配置为紧密接触使用者鼻孔边缘以使来自通气气体供给的加压气体可被供给到使用者呼吸系统的一对管;以及
被配置为使所述一对管与使用者鼻孔对准的接头,其中,每个管与另一管不存在气动互连。
23、如权利要求22所述的装置,其特征在于,所述连接器是被配置为输送通气气体供给到所述一对管的Y-连接器。
24、如权利要求22所述的装置,其特征在于,所述一对管具有弧形非角状的形状。
25、如权利要求22所述的装置,其特征在于,所述一对管还包括一对供给软管和被配置为与鼻孔边缘接合的一对输送管,其中,供给软管在一端可通过所述Y-连接器连接到通气气体供给软管、且在另一端可连接到该对输送管。
26、如权利要求25所述的装置,其特征在于,所述Y-连接器还包括至少一个旋转接头。
27、如权利要求22所述的仪器,其特征在于,还包括被配置为可连接到每个管的第二端且被配置为紧密接触鼻孔边缘的密封垫。
28、如权利要求27所述的装置,其特征在于,管的第二端还包括适合于使密封垫与鼻孔边缘对准的旋转调整器。
29、如权利要求27所述的装置,其特征在于,所述密封垫还包括台阶,其中,台阶阻止所述密封垫超过所需深度伸到鼻孔中。
30、如权利要求22所述的装置,其特征在于,所述接头还包括被配置为通过接触鼻子下方的皮肤允许随着鼻孔调整通气管的第二端的脸部衬垫。
31、如权利要求30所述的仪器,其特征在于,还包括第一条带,第一条带可在鼻子下方连接到接头上。
32、如权利要求31所述的装置,其特征在于,第一条带侧向延伸越过耳朵,在鼻子正下方提供向上的提升。
33、如权利要求22所述的装置,其特征在于,接头是可调节的,以便管的间隔可被调整以使管的第二端与鼻孔对准。
34、如权利要求31所述的界面,其特征在于,还包括第二条带,第二条带可在使用者颈部附近连接到所述一对管。
35、一种鼻通气界面,包括:
被配置为与使用者鼻孔接合的远侧端;
被配置为连接到通气气体供给的近侧端;以及
在近侧端与远侧端之间的中段,其中,远侧端和中段包括具有弧形非角状形状的一对管,在所述一对管的每个管之间不存在气动互连。
36、如权利要求35所述的界面,其特征在于,还包括接头,其中,接头被配置为使所述远侧端与使用者鼻孔对准,且每个管与另一管不存在气动互连。
37、如权利要求35所述的界面,其特征在于,所述一对管从远侧端向下向后并从使用者鼻孔侧向朝着下颚的前部与后部之间的下颚延伸,且进一步从下颚延伸到颈部的前部,并在下巴下方的位置连接在一起。
38、如权利要求35所述的界面,其特征在于,中段从远侧端离开鼻孔朝着脸部同一侧单向地延伸。
39、如权利要求35所述的界面,其特征在于,中段绕着使用者颈部后部排布。
40、如权利要求35所述的界面,其特征在于,远侧端被预先成形为弯曲管状形状,其中所述形状包括三段:大体笔直的第一远侧部分,向下、向外并向后延伸的大体弯曲的第二部分,和向下弯曲的第三近侧部分,其中,弯曲部将远侧端管段的近侧端大体上放置在使用者嘴角侧向。
41、如权利要求35所述的界面,其特征在于,远侧端优选地包括热固性或热塑性材料。
42、如权利要求35所述的界面,其特征在于,管的一部分具有非圆形的、扁平横截面轮廓,其中,轮廓的较宽截面被紧靠使用者皮肤放置。
43、如权利要求35所述的界面,其特征在于,所述一对管在下巴下方被连接在一起,以便有助于紧靠脸部设置所述管。
44、如权利要求35所述的界面,其特征在于,还包括嘴部护罩,其中,嘴部护罩可连接到所述一对管、且被配置为至少部分地放置在嘴中以控制流出嘴部的气流。
45、如权利要求44所述的界面,其特征在于,嘴部护罩还包括用于插入使用者嘴中的柔顺扁平部分。
46、如权利要求35所述的界面,其特征在于,所述一对管采用低变应原性材料处理。
47、如权利要求35所述的界面,其特征在于,还包括在所述一对管的壁内的至少一个腔管,其中,所述腔管被连接到补充氧气源。
48、如权利要求47所述的界面,其特征在于,还包括排气端口,其中,所述端口包括在所述一对管的壁上的多个开口,且所述多个开口从鼻子沿对角线向外或侧向地成角状。
49、如权利要求35所述的界面,其特征在于,还包括用于接收芬芳治疗液的源的容器,其中,芬芳源被释放到管中,以便随着通气气体携带芬芳到使用者鼻子。
50、一种鼻通气界面,包括:
一对管,所述管被配置为在远侧端与使用者鼻孔接合、并被配置为在近侧端连接到通气气体供给软管;以及
被配置为连接到所述一对管的接头,所述接头具有在所述一对管之间的可移动接头,其中所述可移动接头包括允许所述管在至少一个平面内旋转移动、且使每个管与鼻孔对准的旋转接头。
51、如权利要求50所述的界面,其特征在于,所述接头还包括长度调整装置,以使所述管与鼻孔对准。
52、如权利要求50所述的界面,其特征在于,所述接头被可拆卸地连接、且可有多个尺寸或长度,以允许使用者调整远侧端管之间的间隔。
53、如权利要求50所述的界面,其特征在于,还包括密封件,其中,密封件包括在邻近远侧端的距离处加大的直径,其中,加大的直径产生了大体上台阶配置,且加大的直径是比鼻孔边缘内径大的尺寸,在使用时所述台阶与鼻孔边缘接合,以实现密封并阻止管过度插入鼻孔。
54、如权利要求53所述的界面,其特征在于,密封件包括双重密封,其中,所述台阶包括在鼻孔边缘的第一密封,且第二密封发生在鼻孔内,第二密封还包括在密封件的远侧端上或附近的至少一个环。
55、如权利要求54所述的界面,其特征在于,密封件还包括连接件,其中,所述连接件将密封件连接到管远侧端、并包括锁定装置,所述锁定装置防止密封件从界面管无意地移动。
56、如权利要求53所述的界面,其特征在于,所述密封件还包括被配置为用手指抓握以连接或取走所述垫的皮带。
57、如权利要求53所述的界面,其特征在于,密封件是充气的。
58、如权利要求53所述的界面,其特征在于,密封件由具有大约40到大约70肖氏硬度的材料构成。
59、一种用于将通气气体供给到人的气管的鼻通气界面,包括:
大体上为管状的结构,具有被配置有用于与人的鼻孔接合的第一和第二管的远侧端、和被配置用于连接到通气气体供给软管的近侧端;
连接到管的第一和第二远侧端的接头;以及
大体上在鼻子正下方施加到第一和第二管的远侧端的提升装置,提升产生并维持了管的远侧末端与鼻孔之间的接合力。
60、如权利要求59所述的界面,其特征在于,所述提升装置是可通过接头连接到所述管的远侧端的第一条带。
61、如权利要求60所述的界面,其特征在于,第一条带包括两个端部,其中,所述两个端部远离鼻子双向地延伸、并在头部的后部或侧部连接在一起。
62、如权利要求60所述的界面,其特征在于,第一条带还包括可延展件。
63、如权利要求60所述的界面,其特征在于,第一条带还包括形状记忆件。
64、如权利要求60所述的界面,其特征在于,第一条带的张力和位置是可调整的。
65、如权利要求60所述的界面,其特征在于,还包括脸部衬垫,其中,脸部衬垫可连接到第一条带、且将界面远侧端设置在鼻子下方。
66、一种用于将通气气体供给到人的气管的鼻通气界面装置,所述装置包括大体上为管状的结构,具有包括被配置为与人的鼻孔接合的第一和第二管的远侧端、和被配置用于连接到通气气体供给软管的近侧端,其中,远侧端包括被设置在管与使用者鼻子和上嘴唇之间的皮肤之间的脸部衬垫,其中,脸部衬垫衬垫使用者的皮肤并使管的远侧端倾斜,以使远侧端管与使用者鼻孔边缘对准。
67、如权利要求66所述的装置,其特征在于,脸部衬垫由粘弹性材料构成,所述一对管由塑性材料构成。
68、如权利要求66所述的装置,其特征在于,脸部衬垫由能量吸收材料构成。
69、一种用于将通气气体供给到人的气管的鼻通气界面装置,包括大体上为管状的结构,具有包括被配置为与人的鼻孔接合的第一和第二管的远侧端、和被配置用于连接到通气气体供给软管的近侧端,所述装置还包括从下巴到头顶大体上围绕头部的条带件,其中,条带件对下巴施加向上的压缩以偏压嘴部处于闭合状态,且条带将所述装置连接到条带件。
70、如权利要求69所述的装置,其特征在于,条带件对远侧端第一和第二管提供向上的力,其中,该力维持鼻孔与第一和第二管的远侧端之间的压紧,所述压紧将第一和第二管大体上密封到鼻孔。
71、如权利要求69所述的装置,其特征在于,管的远侧端大体上为圆形、且包括大体上约等于或小于使用者鼻孔开口直径的内径。
72、如权利要求71所述的装置,其特征在于,所述管的远侧端具有大约6mm到大约22mm的内径。
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US8573219B2 (en) 2013-11-05
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US20080216838A1 (en) 2008-09-11
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