CN1916894A - 元数据编辑控制 - Google Patents

元数据编辑控制 Download PDF

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CN1916894A
CN1916894A CNA200510113223XA CN200510113223A CN1916894A CN 1916894 A CN1916894 A CN 1916894A CN A200510113223X A CNA200510113223X A CN A200510113223XA CN 200510113223 A CN200510113223 A CN 200510113223A CN 1916894 A CN1916894 A CN 1916894A
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CN1916894B (zh
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A·托斯基
C·K·范多克
L·程
L·K·F·翁
M·B·麦克劳林
P·L·密纳
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/10—File systems; File servers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
    • A61L9/22—Ionisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/24—Querying
    • G06F16/248—Presentation of query results
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0658—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the wavelength of light used
    • A61N2005/0659—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the wavelength of light used infrared
    • A61N2005/066—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the wavelength of light used infrared far infrared
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99941—Database schema or data structure
    • Y10S707/99943—Generating database or data structure, e.g. via user interface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99951—File or database maintenance
    • Y10S707/99952—Coherency, e.g. same view to multiple users
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99951—File or database maintenance
    • Y10S707/99952—Coherency, e.g. same view to multiple users
    • Y10S707/99953—Recoverability

Abstract

一种元数据管理结构。所述的结构包括一个属性组件，该属性组件显示与文件相关的一个或多个属性，一个窗口组件显示具有一个或多个相关属性的文件。一个同步组件，提供属性组件的属性编辑字段和基于属性的浏览器组件中的窗口之间的即时同步，提供属性变化的磁带开始即时的反馈，和可视地操作属性的能力。因此，属性框中的变化立即被反映在窗口组件中，窗口组件中的变化立即反映在属性框中。

Description

元数据编辑控制
交叉参考的相关申请
本申请要求序列号为60/566,502、名称为″METADATA EDITING CONTROL(元数据编辑控制)″并于2004年4月29日申请的美国临时专利申请的权益，作为参考全部引用在这里。
技术领域
本发明涉及数据系统，更特别涉及元数据编辑和查看装置。
背景技术
随着信息技术的持续发展，对大容量存储能力的需求愈加强烈，因此，也就愈加强烈地要求对用户可以通过这样的大量数据进行查询和导航的方法进行改进。计算机和便携式计算装置普遍具有它自己的数据访问和管理思考的装置。在它们的支持技术中，数据存储技术和访问方法论正在不断发展，其目的是满足这些需求。然而，这些正在发展的系统可以明显从通用数据访问、导航和存储方式分离开来。因此，可能已经比较熟悉传统系统的用户现在必须对新的方法论进行理解。
目前，一般的应用具有一些菜单命令，这些菜单命令简化了文件元数据的修改(例如，在WINDOWS XP商标的操作系统中运行的应用程序组件MicrosoftOFFICE中)。Save命令用于更新硬盘上文件的当前版本。对于一个正在被初次保存的新建文档，Save调用了一个SaveAs对话。否则，所述的更新是在没有对话的情况下被透明地执行。所述的SaveAs命令在硬盘上创建一个新版本的文档文件，并且通过调出一个对话窗口来开始设置唯一地识别该文件所需要的属性。
在Windows XP商标的操作系统中，识别属性可以包括诸如文件名、文件类型(文件名的扩展名)、在文件夹树中的文件位置(总起来说，这些属性被称作文件路径)。SaveAs对话包括一个文件夹树浏览器，该文件夹树浏览器类似于一个Open对话和一个WINDOWS EXPLORER商标的浏览器窗口。如果该文件被放置在那里，这就增强了在一个文件夹的位置的感觉，稍后可以在那里找到它。另外，该浏览器示出了在每个文件夹位置中的其它文件。这样可以简化判断给出的文件夹是否是保存新文件的正确位置。当单击一个已有的文件的时候，它还支持文件标识属性的点击复制，新文件名被设置为相同的值，以及所述新保存的文档采用所述标识并替换所述现有的那个。
Properties选项调出一个对话来设置文件元数据，例如作者、标题、主题、目录、关键字、注释等等。在Winowsv XP商标的操作系统中，文件元数据是辅助的，可以在浏览器窗口中看到它们，但是实际上它们不能用于通过多重文件夹浏览磁盘内容。
版本选项允许生成多种版本的文档。在Windows XP商标的操作系统中，在系统级是不支持版本编辑的；因此，需要依靠应用程序来实现。在单个文件中很多的应用程序选择保存所有的版本。另外一些应用程序允许设置版本属性，但是不同版本必须具有不同文件标识，并且不链接在一起。因此，具有属性的用户交互很麻烦且不友好。
因此需要一种改进的元数据管理系统。
发明内容
下面给出了本发明的简单概述，以便提供本发明的某些方面的基本理解。这些概述不是本发明的综述的扩展。它没有试图确定本发明的关键/决定性的元件或描述本发明的范围。它的目的仅仅是以一种简化形式给出本发明的一些概念，作为随后给出的更加详细的说明的开头。
在此公开和主张的本发明，在其一个方面，包括用于属性编辑控制的结构。本发明在属性框的属性编辑字段和在基于属性的浏览器的窗口之间提供了直接同步，其提供了在属性变化上的即时反馈和可图形化操作属性的能力。因此，属性框中的变化立即反映在窗口组件中，并且窗口组件中的变化立即反映在属性框中。
在其另一个方面，当浏览窗口中的属性时，根据可变的属性显示一组窗口，所述窗口自动可视化地启动相应的属性编辑字段。然而，如果根据不变的属性显示一组窗口，那么编辑相应的属性字段就是无效的。
本发明的另一个方面，提供了人工智能组件，该人工智能组件使用了一种基于概率论和/或统计的分析，用于预测或推断用户希望自动执行的操作。
为了实现上文和有关下文所述的，在此结合以下说明和附图对本发明的某些说明性特征进行说明。这些特征是示例性的，然而，只有其中使用了本发明的原则的多种方法中的几个才可以被使用，并且本发明试图包括所有这样的特征和它们的等效物。当结合附图研究时，本发明的其它优点和新颖性特征将根据下述发明的详细说明变得更加明显。
附图的简要说明
图1示出了一种根据本发明同步属性框和属性窗口的系统。
图2示出了根据本发明属性框的方法的流程图。
图3示出了根据本发明的属性浏览器的方法的流程图。
图4示出了根据本发明的增加属性框的方法的流程图。
图5示出了根据本发明的最小化属性框的屏幕显示。
图6示出了根据本发明的结合的属性框和可视组件的屏幕显示。
图7示出了根据本发明在属性框和浏览器组件之间同步的交互的屏幕显示。
图8示出了根据本发明在反映属性组件的窗口组件中交互的屏幕显示。
图9示出了根据本发明限定查询范围的交互的屏幕显示。
图10示出了根据本发明使用了机器学习的系统。
图11示出了执行所公开结构的计算机可操作的方框图。
图12示出了根据本发明的典型计算环境的示意性方框图。
发明的详细说明
现在参考附图对本发明进行说明，其中同样的附图标记自始至终用来表示相似的元件。在下面的说明中，为了说明，为了彻底的了解本发明，提供了大量细节。这可能是很明显的，然而，不使用这些细节也可以实现本发明。在其它情况下，在方框图中还示出了公知的结构和装置，以便帮助说明本发明。
正如在这个申请中使用的，术语″组件″和″系统″是用来指与计算机有关的实体，硬件、硬件和软件的组合、软件、或执行中的软件。例如，组件可以是处理器上运行的一种程序、处理器、对象、可执行的、执行的线程、程序、和/或计算机，但是不仅限于此。通过说明，运行在服务器上的应用程序和服务器都可以是一个组件。一个或多个组件都可以驻留在一个执行的程序和/或线程内，并且组件可以被定位在一个计算机上和/或分布在两个或更多计算机之间。
正如在此使用的，术语″推断″或″推理″通常指对一些状态的推论或推断处理，这些状态是系统状态、环境状态、和/或来自诸如通过事件和/或资料获取的一组观察用户的状态。例如可以使用推理确定具体的上下文或动作，或可以通过状态产生概率分布。该推理可以是概率性的，它是通过有意义的状态基于数据和事件的考虑计算的概率分布。推理还可以指为了从一组事件和/或数据组成较高级事件而使用的方法。这样的推理导致从一组观察的事件和/或存储的事件数据中组成新事件或动作，而不管这些事件是否与临时地紧密接近相关，以及这些事件和数据是否来自一个或几个事件和数据源。
现在参考图1，它示出了一个根据本发明同步属性框和属性窗口的系统100。本发明是一个用于元数据管理改进的用户接口(UI)对象。文挡元数据包括一个或多个属性(例如，作者、标题、主题、创建的数据、目录、关键字或名字，仅举数例)，为了管理这些属性可以被看见，例如编辑和控制。UI对象包括一种属性编辑控制，其中属性编辑字段与基于属性的浏览器窗口是同步的，在属性变化和图形操作属性的能力两个方面上提供了反馈。在浏览器和属性框中的属性字段之间给用户提供了直接的视觉反馈，因此就像用户在属性框中选择了属性一样(当浏览器打开的时候)，浏览器自动切换到通过所述属性的分组。这个反馈能力已经类似于现有的SaveAs对话控制，该SaveAs对话控制是一个用来确定在哪和在谁的名下存储文件的用户接口控制。这为用户提高了学习曲线。
为了支持它，提供了属性组件102，该属性组件102帮助将属性框显示给用户，该属性框还以文本的形式显示与文件有关的属性信息。系统100也包括窗口组件104，窗口组件104连接到属性组件102，并且帮助查看属性信息的图示和/或查看其它与属性有关的数据。浏览器就是查看结构的一个例子。窗口组件104提供至少以下显示：一列可以被设置的通用的属性(标记)；一列针对每个属性的现有的/允许的属性值，其中借助简单点击揪能把属性设置成所述值；显示其它文件的列表，所述的其它文件具有给定的属性值，以有助于进行关于属性组合在一起的选择；以及将属性(标记)从现有文件复制到被保存的一个文件(例如设置属性)。
同步组件106连接到属性组件102和窗口组件104，以便帮助在属性组件102和窗口组件104之间同步或即时地更新变化。因此，当用户使属性框和浏览器窗户两个都打开的时候，将自动地变化属性框，基本上立即反映到浏览器窗，并且使浏览器窗口产生的变化将基本上即刻反映在属性框中。
图2示出了根据本发明属性框的方法。然而，为了简要说明，在此示出了一个或多个方法，例如以流程图的形式示出并且被描述为一系列步骤，它将被理解并且认为本发明并没有被些步骤的顺序限定，例如根据本发明一些步骤可以以不同的顺序出现和/或与其它在此示出和说明的步骤同时出现。例如，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解并且认为，方法也可选择地表示为一系列相关的状态或事件，如以状态图的形式。此外，根据本发明实现的方法，不是所有示出的步骤都是必要的。
在200，用户在属性框中选择属性项。在202，如果浏览器是打开的，根据选择的属性将浏览器切换到分组。例如，注意可以通过分层或根据属性树创建分组。在204，用户在属性框中为属性输入或选择属性值。在206，这个交互即刻可视地被反映在所述的浏览器中。
例如点击作者段可以使由作者堆放的文件与选择的(或高亮度显示)默认作者(当前用户名)一起被显示。当用户键入附加名称的时候，相应的堆也被高亮度显示。如果这个是一个新名，那么产生并且增加一个新堆(与文挡″镜像″内部)。文挡镜像的概念将在下文进行详细描写。
还应当注意系统可以采用以下结构：当用户与属性框交互时，系统可以依照用户配置或偏好设置自动地打开浏览器。例如，这样可以代替用户手工地选择″打开浏览器″单选按钮或菜单选择。
图3示出了根据本发明的控制属性浏览器的方法流程图。在300，用户通过浏览器选择一个属性创建组。在302，系统确定属性是否是用户可设置的。如果是这样的话，在304，系统接下来确定属性框中的属性字段是否是可见的。这是一个标记，表示可能需要将属性加到属性框(并不是说不能查看，而是可以通过滚动滚动条查看)。如果属性字段不可见(例如，用户选择一个称作″计划″的自定义属性)，那么它将自动地被加到属性框中，如306所示。在308，系统使增加的属性可见。其中属性框是足够大的，被增加的字段将是可见的。另外，属性框可以是通过滚动条可滚动的，因此如果需要，用户可以滚动到被增加的项进行查看。在310，所述可见属性被高亮度显示。在302，如果所述属性不是用户可设置的，忽略任何试图的用户交互，如312所示，并且流程返回到300。同样地，在306，如果该属性字段是可见的，流程进入310，在这里所述字段被高亮度显示。
现在参考图4，图4示出了根据本发明的增加属性框的方法。在400，该用户登录到系统。例如，这可以是一个与客户端注册和/或网络注册有关的注册程序。在402，该系统自动地增加具有默认属性设置和格式的属性框。在404，该系统访问用户信息。这个可以是用户配置的偏好信息，和/或响应于系统访问用户登录信息(客户和/或网络)存储和激活的其它信息。在406，该系统自动地增加具有自定义设置的属性框，所述的自定义设置由用户配置。所述的自定义设置可以包括全部默认设置加上一些非默认设置，覆盖所述默认设置以包括一些默认设置和一些非默认设置，或不覆盖仅包括非默认设置并不包括任何默认设置。在408，系统运行以便在属性框和浏览器之间同步变化或交互。
注意在另一种实现中，可以为用户提供一种有限地改变格式或属性框和/或属性浏览器的风格的能力。仅举数例，例如用户可以改变诸如色彩、字体、字符大小、属性框窗口尺度等方面。
在再一种实现中，所述的自定义设置自动地″冒泡″到属性框的顶端，因为这些很可能是用户即时查看的首选属性(例如不用滚动)。当用户在浏览器中选择了一个组时，自定义属性字段基本上即刻进行变化以便反映该选择。
除了允许缩小可视范围之外，通过不变的属性的浏览将是没有影响的，所述的不变的属性不是通常用户可设置的(如日期或大小)。上述情况也适用于通过没有变化的动态列表来浏览。所述系统给用户提供了即时可见的反馈，在导航的过程中没有设置属性，因为没有在属性框中选择属性。例如，用户在其机器上可能具有许多″计划″，那么用户可以选择缩小浏览器范围到在最后一个月中修改的项，以便很快地限定仍然有效的″计划″列表。
在称作查询提炼的概念中，用户可以依照一个以上属性选择查询文件。这样用户就可以组合作者、日期、文挡类型，以便更加迅速地缩减对有关文件的查找。
现在参考图5，图5示出了根据本发明的最小化属性框的屏幕显示500。在考虑一种面向查询的文件系统时，Save的含义和功能以及元数据的编辑命令可以改变。在这样的系统上，文件浏览器可以根据文件属性检索文件。因此，传统的文件夹系统将不再是唯一的分类方法。此外，该系统将允许多个文件具有同样的名字及其它用户指定的属性。可以通过全球唯一内部标识符(GUID)和不可变属性(例如，创建/最后一次修改日期/时间)来区分文件。根据这些变化或增加的容量，提供了两个更新的与Save有关的指令。
Save.若之前从来没有保存过新建文档，Save将调用SaveAs。否则，Save用于保存一种版本的文件。注意，许多现在流行的应用程序都并不需要明确地保存该文件，由于这些程序可以具有自动地记忆所有的变化的能力。连同潜在的存储同一文件的多个版本，用户初始保存的真实含义是创建一个检查点，即，随后可以找回不同的版本(从而替换Versions指令)。
SaveAs.SaveAs的主要的目的是指定文件检索所需要的属性。在一种面向数据库的系统中，可以通过任何设置的文件属性检索文件，不仅仅是通过文件路径。因此，可以使用SaveAs会话设置所有的这些属性。不需要单独的属性会话，因为它的功能是通过SaveAs获得的。
在最小化的SaveAs属性框500中，SaveAs指令可以是指定所有用户可设置的文件属性的地方。可以为这些属性建议默认和最好的推测值，所以用户仅仅需要单击Save(或提供的一个″OK″按钮)，以便接收选择并且开始文件的保存。
最小化的SaveAs属性框会话500对满意元数据属性默认值的用户尤其有吸引力。然而，若文挡需要更加高级的分级结构，它就很难满足了。许多预期的用户仍将更喜欢文件夹查看。为了支持它，提供了″打开浏览器″按钮，通过在特定位置放置文件把一种可视的部件添加到属性框，在SaveAs、Open和WindowsExplorer之间再引入最佳的协调。另外没有给用户提供一个检索文件的装置，他/她并不总是确信他们能够间接地通过更加复杂的步骤做这件事。
以下公开了可视组件如何可以被组合到属性编辑控制中。在SaveAs会话的上下文中对它们进行了说明，除了具有大量应用程序，所有的元数据编辑控制可以使用相同的办法。尤其是，文件浏览器可以提供一个指令，以便编辑现有文件的属性；即使不包括将文件保存到磁盘的功能，编辑这些属性的会话也可以具有非常相似的设计。
参考现在图6，屏幕显示600示出了一种根据本发明整合的属性框和可视组件。与最小的SaveAs设计不同的地方就是增加了浏览组件。为了在某些情况下对用户查看更加有利，可以提供不同的窗口，但在另一些情况又过于复杂。浏览器设备允许通过各种的属性查看被分组的文件。在WINDOWS XP商标的操作系统环境中，例如，导航到一个具体文件夹就是指将要被保存的文件放在那里。在面向查询的浏览器中，导航到一个具体属性组是指为正在被保存的文件指定属性值。该功能建立在用户所熟悉经验上。
然而，与WINDOWS XP商标的操作系统环境有显著的差别。以前，仅仅有一个文件夹树来进行导航。当处理基于属性的文件系统时，可以有许多属性，这些属性都可以被指定一个值。可导航空间变成多维的，具有多个属性坐标轴供考虑。另外，可以是存储偏好(例如，多个预先确定的属性值的集合)，这样就可以抄近路通过单个属性树。因为用户在某一时刻通常仅目测一个维度(不能显著混淆)，当在不同组维度之间切换时提供了可视的选择确认。
一个解决方案包括使用一个″Save Ghost″特征，它是被保存文件的一种可视表示。镜像是指将要被保存内容的投影或预览。使用保存镜像具有很多优点。它为目测文件保存到哪里和哪些文件将与其在同一层提供了一种简单的方式，并且增强了作为保存到和从中检索的位置的属性组装置。保存镜像提供了一种直接控制的处理。例如，可以具有一种将来自Word类型文件改变为文本类型文件的装置，将该保存镜像从″Word商标的文挡″拖曳到″文本文档″。在有序表中，可以将保存镜像拖动到适当的位置。
保存镜像为无效属性值和不变的属性提供反馈。例如，导航到EXCEL商标的电子数据表文挡组可以不示出保存镜像到在那里，因为不支持以Excel格式中保存Word文档。同样地，查看的前一个星期的文挡就不包括新建的文档，因为新文档总是被保存为当前日期。同时，使用保存镜像启动探查导航，以便确定文件不能被保存在哪里。没有它，从前一个星期导航到EXCEL商标的电子数据表文件或文件将毫无疑问是不允许的(表示这些是无效位置。)
图6的屏幕显示为现在的WINDOWS XP商标的操作系统用户提供了一种移动路径。因为该文件夹位置是公开的，象所述文件的一个属性，用户开始可以坚持已知的文件夹导航规则，并且所述的会话将提供当前SaveAs会话的全部功能和能力。这包括单击复制所有所述属性来替换一个已有的文件。随着用户对新界面变得更加有信心，它们将开始使用越来越少的特征。然而，这个设计的一个缺点是这个设计缺乏清楚的反馈，该反馈是关于浏览器组件如何能用于设置文件的属性。在顶组件(属性设置)和底组件(浏览)之间没有可视的连接(或交互)。即使属性会话提供了全部期望的能力，它的使用也可能被混淆。
现在参考图7，一个屏幕显示700示出了一种根据本发明在属性框和浏览器组件之间进行同步的交互。任何可能的情况下，浏览器窗口与正在被编辑的属性一致，反之亦然。当用户选择一个属性进行编辑的时候(除自由形态的属性外，例如文件名或注释)，浏览器窗口自动地切换到由特定属性组成的窗口。此外，在窗口中的组对应于当前指定的属性值(当有效时)。
当一个用户在属性框中为属性选择或输入一个新的值时，所述新的值一被确认(例如，通过压回车键)，浏览器视窗中的窗口就跟着改变。这个特性与现有的SaveAs对话有一些类似，其中可以通过在文件名编辑框中输入文件夹路径来切换到文件夹窗口。对于多值的属性(例如，作者或关键字)浏览器窗口示出了每个属性值的交集(例如，在列表上的全部作者创作的文件。)
现在参考图8，示出了根据本发明在反映属性组件的窗口组件中交互的一个屏幕显示800。当用户开始浏览浏览器窗口中的属性树时，基于任一可变的属性显示的分组窗口自动可视地激活属性框中相应的属性编辑字段。这为正在被设置和它将设置的值提供了一个直接反馈。在不同属性组之间的切换自动地设置所述属性为对应的属性值。可以通过在窗口中或通过紧临组名称的复选框选择多个属性组设置多值属性。当浏览器中的窗口被转移到不变的属性(例如，日期)时，没有属性编辑字段在被可视地激活，并且在不同组之间切换不设置任何属性。
特定类型的浏览器窗口示出了存储器中意的内容802，可以被定义为针对一个或多个属性享有相同值的多组项目。当一个窗口被切换到存储器中意的(表示将新文件放入组中)时，很多文件属性可以被可视的激活，示出了通过切换影响的全部属性，并且浏览器窗口可以被切换来显示属于该存储器中意位置的其他文件(即，共享相同的属性值)。
披露的属性编辑字段和基于属性的浏览器之间的同步机制具有许多优点。它可视地显示可用于在磁盘上对文件进行分类的属性值。这样依次鼓励用户提供有意义的元数据。同步有助于培养用户以后可以使用相同的浏览方法查找和检索文件。当指定属性值的时候，它组合了两方面的优点：当浏览器提供了现有值列表和如何使用的反馈时，属性编辑字段对于输入的新数值(例如，新关键字)特别有用。通过把回话功能集中在它的主要用途上，即将设置文件属性，同步是自觉的。另外，当浏览器窗口与正在被保存的文件毫不相干的时候，它是最小的。
图9示出一个根据本发明限定了查询范围的一个交互屏幕的截图900。在此，通过锁定属性值，所述的范围限于WORD商标的文字处理文档的特定文档类型。基于属性的浏览器的一个最有用的特征是能够在前一查询结果集内进行浏览。例如，可以为所有Word类型文档文件进行一个查询，然后查看由作者属性组成的结果。用户界面可以提供“锁定(pin)”查询结果的方法，不管它是否通过一个双击命令、右击菜单命令、或紧临查询组的锁定按钮。一旦查询被锁定，随后所有的浏览都是在查询的结果集内完成的。
作为独立的浏览器，SaveAs会话的浏览组件具有同样的锁定功能。例如，用户可以把范围锁定在Word文档类型。这与标准SaveAs对话的功能类似，其中设置文件类型把浏览器窗口限制到具有相同扩展名的文件。此外，新SaveAs会话还允许对任何文件属性进行锁定：例如，文件夹、关键字、作者等等。
然而，在传统的SaveAs对话限定浏览器的范围是自动。文件类型一被选择，所述查看就被限定为那些类型的文件。当立刻处理多个元数据属性的时候，这样一个方法也过于混乱。因此，在本发明的新SaveAs对话中，仅将它应用到存储器中意的：选择一个最喜爱的地方(参见图9的右侧的首行中的图标)设置浏览器的全程作用范围。全程作用范围将所有的项设置为默认(无论怎样用户选择默认范围)，并且保持相同，直到由随后锁定操作明确地进行改变或限定。
因为公开的结构约束SaveAs浏览属性编辑，属性编辑上的″限制″的作用是被考虑的。锁定把浏览器范围限制在具有特定属性的项上。逻辑上，假设正在被保存的文件取得了相同的属性(任何可能的情况下)。此外，因为锁定防止超出属性范围，应该考虑将属性锁定为只读状态。因此，在浏览器中锁定查询和锁定属性值是两个等效操作。
锁定属性值是一个新概念，并且对存储器中意的特别有用。假设用户创建一个位置(存储器中意的)，该位置包括″我的关于SaveAs的Word文档″(即，具有SaveAs关键字的Word文档，其中用户就是作者之一)。如果用户选择将一个新建文档加到组中，那么应该针对类型、关键字、作者属性获取特定的值。现在，如果用户锁定存储器中意的，就锁定所述的属性值。用户还可以修改其它属性，或甚至将附加值附加到锁定的一个(例如，附加的关键字或作者)，但该锁定防止用户意外地删除或修改属性值，所述的属性值对于期望的组成员来讲是关键性的。这是一个高级概念(例如，类似于只读文件)，不过高级用户将会理解它。
锁定查询而不锁定属性值是可能的。这可以发生在以不变的属性为核心的查询上。例如，用户可以从最近三十天查找文件锁定一个查询。这限定了浏览器范围为最近三十天，不过它不会影响正在被保存的文件的属性。
现在参考图10，示出了一个根据本发明的使用了学习机制的系统1000。本发明(例如，与属性表示有关)可以使用各种各样的人工智能，基于实现本发明的各种方面的方案。例如，可以通过一个自动分类器系统和程序1002帮助确定为给定的用户展现什么属性的处理。例如，分类器1002连接到属性组件102、窗口组件104、和同步组件106，以便于基于根据用户交互和用户数据进行的推论，系统1000的特定特征的自动控制。
分类器是把输入属性矢量映像到输入属于一类的置信度的一个函数，所述输入属性矢量x＝(x1，x2，x3，x4，xn)，也就是说，f(x)＝置信度(分类)。这样的分类可以使用一种概率性的与/或基于统计的分析(例如，因式分解为分析利益和成本)，以便预测或推断用户希望被自动地执行的操作。
支持向量机(SVM)就是可以使用的分类器的一个例子。SVM可以通过在可输入的空间中查找一个超曲面来工作，所示的超曲面试图从非触发事件分离出触发标准。直观地，因为接近测试数据，但是不同于训练数据，所以使分类准确。其它直接的和间接模式的分类方法包括，例如具有Bayes的nai、Bayesian网络、决策树，以及提供了可以使用的独立的不同样式的概率分类模式。在此使用的分类还包括用来开发优先模型的统计复位。
从本发明的说明书中容易理解，本发明可以使用明确地被训练过的分类器(例如，通过一个通用训练数据训练)以及暗中地被训练过的(例如，通过观察用户行为，接收外来的信息训练)。例如，通过在分类器构造函数和特征选择模块内的学习或训练步骤来配置SVM。因此，一个或多个分类器可用于自动地执行很多功能，包括保持电子邮件和它的附件之间的关系，而不是仅限于此。在另一种实现中，更广泛地处理所述的关系，例如，与会议有关的电子邮件，所述的会议还与谁来参加会议的一组人相关(或预定由谁出席，但是没有出席)，并且这些人与这个客户有关。因此，可以将关系保存为一个串，以便查找期望的文件。
还可以使用所述的分类器，将针对给定用户向上冒泡所述关系到所述属性框，因为根据用户偏爱性，这些可能是用户更喜欢的。此外，当保存相关的文件时，系统能够自动地连接到那些关系。
在另一种实现中，分类器从用户交互中学习，并且根据使用交互历史，相应地对自动显示在属性框中的属性起作用。一个用户配置文件能够触发一个自定义属性组。根据使用、人工修改以及用户与属性与/或浏览器窗口的交互，能够在将来修改自定义集合。然后相应地显示属性。
在再一种实现中，所述的分类器帮助通知一个线程用户，该线程响应一个其相关文件的更新。然后自动地通知相关的用户，并且可能是在保存文件的时候。
还可以根据数据的类型选择被显示的属性。例如，如果用户习惯性地处理两种类型的数据，例如财务数据和人力资源数据，那么根据用于交互用户选择的，将相应地调整属性。另一个例子包括音乐数据，其中自动地在属性框中给出作为一个属性的艺术家属性。如果所述的数据与图像有关，显示的属性可以包括位置和人。对于文挡，所述的属性还可以包括案件文件号等等。任何或所有的这些都可以是用户可修改的。
现在参考图11，示出了一个计算机可操作的用于执行公开的结构的一个方框图。为了为本发明各种特征提供其它的环境，图11以及以下讨论是用来提供一个适当的计算环境1100的简要的一般说明，其中可以实现本发明的各种特征。虽然本发明已经如上所述概括地说明了计算机可执行指令的环境，所述的计算机可执行指令可以在一个或多个计算机上运行，但本领域的普通技术人员能够理解本发明还可以与其它程序模块结合，与/或作为一个硬件和软件的组合被实现。
通常，程序模块包括例程、程序、组件、数据结构等等，可以执行特定的任务或实现特定的抽象数据类型。此外，本领域的普通技术人员将理解，本发明的方法可以利用其它的计算机系统结构来实现，包括一个处理器或多处理机计算机系统、小型计算机、大型计算机、个人电脑、手提式计算装置、基于微处理器或可编程用户电子仪等等，这些每个都可以有效地与一个或多个相关的装置耦合。
还可以在分布计算环境中实现所示出的本发明的特征，其中通过由通信网络链接的远程处理装置来执行特定任务。在分布计算环境中，程序模块可以位于本地和远程存储器存储装置两个地方。
计算机通常包括各种计算机可读媒体。计算机可读媒体可以是任何可以通过计算机访问的有效媒体，并且包括易失和非易失媒介、可移动的和不可移动的媒体。举例来说，计算机可读媒体可以包括计算机存储媒体和传播媒体，但不仅限于此。计算机存储媒体包括易失和非易失性、可移动和不可移动的媒体，这些媒体可以以任何用于信息存储的方法或技术实现，例如计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其它数据。计算机存储媒体包括，RAM、ROM、EEPROM、闪速存储器或其它存储技术、CD-ROM、数字视频光盘(DVD)或其它光盘存储装置、磁带盒、磁带、磁盘存储器或其它磁存储装置、或任何其它可用于存储所希望信息并且可以由计算机访问的媒体，但是不仅限于这些。
传播媒体通常包含计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其它被调制的数据信号中的数据，例如一个载波或其它传送机构，并且包括任何信息输送媒体。术语″调制数据信号″意思指具有一个或多个它的特征集，或以在该信号中编码信息的方式变化的。举例来说，但不仅限于此，传播媒体包括诸如有线网或直接的线路连接的有线媒体，和诸如声学的、RF、红外线的无线的媒体及其它无线媒体。任何上述的组合也被包括在计算机可读媒体的范围内。
再次参考图11，其中示出了一个典型的用于实现本发明的各种特征环境1100，其中包括计算机1102，计算机1102包括处理单元1104、系统存储器1106和系统总线1108。系统总线1108将包括系统存储器1106的系统组件连接到处理单元1104，但系统组件不仅限于包括系统存储器1106。处理单元1104可以是任何市场上可买到的处理器。也可以将双微处理器及其它多处理机结构作为处理单元1104使用。
系统总线1108可以是几种类型的总线结构的任意一种，所述的总线结构还可以互连到存储器总线(有或者没有存储控制器)、外围总线、和使用任何市场上可买到的总线体系结构的本地总线。系统存储器1106包括只读存储器(ROM)1110和随机存取存储器(RAM)1112。一个基本输入/输出系统(BIOS)存储在非易失性存储器1110中，所述的非易失性存储器1110可以例如是ROM、EPROM、EEPROM，BIOS包括有助于在计算机1102内的部件之间传输信息的基本例程，例如在启动期间。RAM 1112还可以包括高速RAM，例如用于高速缓存数据的静态RAM。
计算机1102还包括一个内部硬盘驱动器(HDD)1114(例如，HIDE，SATA)、一个磁性的软盘驱动器(FDD)1116(例如，从可移动的磁盘1118中读取或写入到其中)和一个光盘驱动器1120(例如，读取CD-ROM盘片1122，或从其它诸如DVD的大容量光学介质读取或写入到其中)，其中内部硬盘驱动器1114还可以被配置在适当的机箱中供外部使用(未示出)。硬盘驱动器1114、磁盘驱动1116和光盘机1120可以分别通过硬盘驱动器接口1124、磁盘驱动接口1126和光驱接口1128连接到系统总线1108。用于外部驱动器设备的接口1124包括通用串行总线(USB)和IEEE 1394接口技术中的至少一个或两个都有。
所述驱动器和它们相关的计算机-可读媒体提供了数据的非易失存储器、数据结构、计算机-可执行指令等诸如此类。对于计算机1102，驱动器和媒体调节任何以适当的数字格式的任何数据的存储。虽然上述的说明书中的计算机-可读媒体引用了一种个硬盘驱动器、一种可移动的软磁盘，和诸例如CD或DVD的一种可移动的光学介质，但本领域的技术人员应该理解其它的类型的可由计算机读取的媒体也可以用于典型的操作环境，例如压缩驱动器的计算机、磁带盒、快擦写存储卡、盒式磁盘[带]机等等读取媒体，此外任何这样的媒体都可以包括用于执行本发明方法的计算机可执行指令。
驱动器和RAM 1112中可以存储很多程序模块，这包括操作系统1130、一个或多个应用程序1132、其它程序模块1134和程序数据1136。可以在RAM1112中高速缓存操作系统、应用程序、模块、和/或数据的全部或部分。应当理解可以利用各种市场上可买到的操作系统或操作系统组件实现本发明。
用户可以通过一个或多个有线/无线输入装置将命令和信息输入计算机1102，例如键盘1138和诸如鼠标1140的指示装置。其它输入装置(未示出)可以包括麦克风、IR遥控、操纵杆、游戏垫、记录笔、触摸屏等等。这些及其它输入装置通常通过输入设备接口1142连接到处理单元1104，但也可以通过其它接口连接，例如并行端口、IEEE1394串行端口、游戏端口、USB端口、IR接口等等，所述接口1142连接到系统总线1108。
监视器1144或其它类型的显示装置也通过诸如视频适配器1146的接口连接到系统总线1108。除监视器1144之外，计算机通常还包括其它外围输出设备(未示出)，例如扬声器、打印机等等。
计算机1102可以通过与一个或多个远程计算机进行有线与/或无线通信，例如一个或多个远程计算机(们)1148，在使用逻辑连接的网络环境中进行操作。一个或多个远程计算机(们)1148可以是一种个工作站、一种服务器计算机、一种路由器、一种个人电脑、便携式计算机、基于娱乐应用的微处理器、一种对等同位体装置或其它公用网络节点结点，并且典型地通常包括涉及针对计算机1102所描述的说明很多的或所有的元件部件，尽管为了简洁，仅示出了存储装置器装置1150。所描述的逻辑连接包括有线/无线连接到一个局域网(LAN)1152与和/或大型的网络，其中大型网络诸如例如广域网(WAN)1154。在政府机关和公司中，这样的LAN局域网和WAN与广域网环境是普遍的，这种环境简化了全公司的计算机网络，例如内部网，所有的这些都可以连接到全球通信网，例如因特网。
当在一个局域网连网环境中使用时，计算机1102通过有线与/或无线通信网络接口或适配器1156连接到局域网1152。适配器1156可以简化到LAN 1152的有线或无线通信，也可以包括一个安置在其上为与无线适配器1156通信的无线访问点。
当在一个广域网连网环境中使用时，计算机1102可以包括一个调制解调器1158，或连接到WAN上的通信服务器，或具有其它能建立与WAN 1154通信的装置，例如可以通过因特网方式。调制解调器1158可以是内置或外置的，有线或无线装置通过串行端口接口1142连接到系统总线1108。在一个网络环境中，描述的涉及计算机1102的程序模块，或其中一部分，都可以存储在远程存储器/存储装置1150中。应当理解示出的网络连接是可以被使用的计算机之间建立通信链路的典型的和其它类型的装置。
计算机1102可与任意无线设备或工作在无线通信环境中的实体进行通信，例如这些实体可以是打印机、扫描仪、桌面与/或便携式计算机、便携式数据助理、通信卫星、与无线可检测标记(例如，信息站、新闻站、休息室)相关的任何设备或位置(location)，和电话机。这些至少包括Wi-Fi和蓝牙无线技术。因此，所述通信可以是一个如同传统网络一样的预定义的结构，或至少两个装置之间简化的一种ad hoc通信。
Wi-Fi或无线保真度，允许从家中的卧榻、旅馆房间的床上或在工作的会议室无线地连接到因特网。Wi-Fi是一个无线技术，常由蜂窝式电话使用，用于启动诸如计算机的装置，来在家接收和向外发送数据；在基站范围内的任何地方。Wi-Fi网络使用称作IEEE802.11(a，b、g等等)的无线电技术来提供安全、可靠、快速的无线连接。Wi-Fi网络可用于计算机的相互连接、连接到因特网、和连接到有线网(使用了IEEE802.3或以太网的有线网)。Wi-Fi网络工作在不需要执照的2.4和5GHz无线电范围，利用11Mbps(802.11a)或54Mbps(802.11b)数据传输速度或利用两个频带(双频)的产品，这样网络就可以提供类似于很多的政府机关中使用的基本10BaseT线路以太网的实际性能。
现在参考图12，示出了根据本发明的一个典型的计算环境1200的示意方框图。系统1200包括一个或多个客户端1202。所述客户端1202可以是硬件与/或软件(例如，线程、程序、计算装置)。例如，通过使用本发明，所述客户端1202可以嵌入一个或多个cookie和/或相关的上下文信息。系统1200还包括一个或多个服务器1204。
服务器1204还可以是硬件和/或软件(例如，线程、程序、计算装置)。例如，服务器1204可以嵌入线程来使用本发明进行变换。在客户端1202和服务器1204之间一个可能的通信可以以适于在两个或更多计算机程序之间发送的数据包形式。例如，数据包可以包括一个cookie和/或相关的上下文的信息。系统1200包括一个通信框架1206(例如，一个诸如因特网的全球通信网)，该框架1206可以用于简化一个或多个客户端1202与一个或多个服务器1204之间的通信。
通过有线(包括光纤)和/或无线技术，通信可以变得更为方便。一个或多个客户端1202有效地被连接到一个或多个客户数据存储器1208，所述的客户数据存储器1208可以用于将本地信息存储到一个或多个客户端1202(例如，一个或多个cookie和/或相关的上下文的信息)。同样地，所述服务器1204有效地连接到一个或多个服务器数据存储器1210，所述服务器数据存储器1210可以被用于将本地信息存储到服务器1204。
已经如上所述的内容包括了本发明的例子。当然，不可能对每个想得到的组件的组合或为了说明本发明的方法进行一一说明，对本领域的技术人员来讲，应该了解本发明很可能还有很多组合和排列。相应地，本发明包含所有这样的替换、修改和变化，他们都在附加权利要求的范围内。此外，无论在说明书的详细说明或者权利要求书中的术语″由...组成″被规定为包括的以类似于术语″包括″的方式，因为当在权利要求书的翻译中，″由...组成″是另一种表达形式。

Claims (36)

1.一种便于元数据管理的系统，包括：
一个便于对属性项的进行访问的属性组件；
一个显示属性项的窗口组件；和
一个同步所述属性组件和窗口组件之间通信的同步组件。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述通信包括一种用户交互，这样属性组件中的变化基本上即刻通过窗口组件被显示出来。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其与一种面向查询的文件系统相关联。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述的窗口组件把所述属性项作为根据属性项组成的组来显示。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中对属性项的访问是只读的。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中属性项是响应于用户的一个输入而由属性组件来显示的。
7.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述的通信是一种用户交互，这样窗口组件中的变化基本上即刻被属性组件处理。
8.一个在其中存储有计算机可执行指令的计算机可读取媒体，该计算机可执行指令用于实现如权利要求1所述的系统。
9.一种使用如权利要求1所述系统的计算机。
10.一种使用如权利要求1所述系统的服务器。
11.如权利要求1所述的系统，还包括一种人工智能(AI)组件，该人工智能(AI)组件使用了一种概率和/或基于统计的分析，以便预测或推断用户希望被自动地执行的操作。
12.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述的属性组件便于具有相同名称的和用户指定属性的多个文件的创建。
13.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述的属性组件便于一种与全球唯一标识符(GUID)及不可变属性有关的文件的创建。
14.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述的属性组件便于文挡的一个或多个属性项的指定，并且便于根据一个或多个属性的文件检索。
15.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述的属性组件便于具有相同名称和不同版本的多个文件的创建。
16.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述的显示组件是一种浏览器，该浏览器便于查看由一个或多个属性项分组的文件。
17.一种便于元数据管理的系统，包括：
一个便于用户对属性项访问的属性组件；
一个提供与属性项有关对象的查看的浏览组件；和
一个同步属性组件和浏览组件之间的用户操作的同步组件，这样通过属性组件访问的属性项被处理，以基本上即刻地改变浏览组件的窗口，通过浏览组件浏览的对象之一使属性组件基本上即刻显示一个或多个与被浏览的对象相关的属性项。
18.如权利要求17所述的系统，其与一种面向查询的文件系统相关联。
19.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中通过一个属性框访问所述的属性项，从而属性框和窗口被显示在用户界面的同一个视窗中。
20.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中属性项的访问使窗口显示所有与属性项相关的对象。
21.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中对不同属性项的自动访问使浏览组件显示与不同属性项相关的对象的不同窗口。
22.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中所述的窗口包括一个分组对象的分组窗口，因此每个分组都与不同属性项关联。
23.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中所述的窗口包括一个分组窗口，并且根据一个可变属性的分组窗口显示自动可视地激活属性组件中相应的属性编辑字段。
24.一个具有计算机可执行指令的计算机可读媒体，所述计算机可执行指令用于执行一种基于查询文件系统中的元数据管理的方法，该方法包括：
通过属性框访问文件系统对象的属性，所述的属性与对象元数据相关；
显示与所述属性相关的其它对象的查看窗口；和
基本上即刻根据查看窗口中的浏览操作更新属性框，并且基本上即刻根据在属性框中执行的属性操作更新所述的查看窗口。
25.如权利要求24所述的方法的，选择显示的其它对象包括所述属性和对其它对象通用的至少一个其它属性。
26.如权利要求24所述的方法，还包括如下步骤：
在查看窗口中显示一个属性分组树；
浏览一个属性分组；和
自动地在属性框中显示一个与被浏览的属性分组相关的属性。
27.如权利要求24所述的方法，还包括如下步骤：
在查看窗口中显示一个属性分组树；
浏览两个或更多属性分组；和
自动地在属性框中显示的与两个或更多被浏览的属性分组相关的属性。
28.如权利要求24所述的方法，还包括根据属性在查看窗口中锁定显示的对象的范围。
29.如权利要求28所述的方法，锁定操作仅应用于存储器组中意的组，它们共享一个或多个属性的同一个值。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法，还包括如下步骤：
切换到存储中意的查看窗口；和
对其作出响应，在属性框中可视地激活多个被切换步骤所影响的属性。
31.一种在基于查询的文件系统中管理元数据的方法，该方法包括：
在属性框中显示目标的一个或多个属性，所述一个或多个属性和目标元数据相关联；
显示属性框的查看窗口，该查看窗口便于查看和所述一个或多个属性相关的其它目标；和
基本上即刻根据查看窗口中的浏览操作更新属性框，并且基本上即刻根据在属性框中执行的属性操作更新所述的查看窗口。
32.如权利要求31所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
在查看窗口中显示一个属性分组树；
浏览其中一个属性分组；和
自动地在属性框中显示一个或数个与被浏览的属性分组相关的属性。
33.如权利要求31所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
在查看窗口中显示分组的窗口；和
当显示步骤是基于可变属性时，简化对属性框内的一个或多个属性的编辑。
34.如权利要求31所述的方法，还包括；
在查看窗口中显示分组的窗口；和
当显示步骤是基于不可变属性时，禁止对属性框内的一个或多个属性的编辑。
35.如权利要求31所述的方法，还包括锁定一个或多个属性的值。
36.如权利要求31所述的方法，还包括锁定没有锁定一个或多个属性值的查询。
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