CN1934567A - 把实体数据自动收集和结合到联机数据库和专业目录中的系统、方法、接口和软件 - Google Patents

把实体数据自动收集和结合到联机数据库和专业目录中的系统、方法、接口和软件 Download PDF

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CN1934567A
CN1934567A CNA2005800061894A CN200580006189A CN1934567A CN 1934567 A CN1934567 A CN 1934567A CN A2005800061894 A CNA2005800061894 A CN A2005800061894A CN 200580006189 A CN200580006189 A CN 200580006189A CN 1934567 A CN1934567 A CN 1934567A
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CN100472520C (zh
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Y·阿鲁麦纳亚加姆
C·C·多兹尔
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06NCOMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N5/00Computing arrangements using knowledge-based models
    • G06N5/02Knowledge representation; Symbolic representation
    • G06N5/022Knowledge engineering; Knowledge acquisition
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/93Document management systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/93Document management systems
    • G06F16/94Hypermedia
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06NCOMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N7/00Computing arrangements based on specific mathematical models
    • G06N7/01Probabilistic graphical models, e.g. probabilistic networks
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99931Database or file accessing
    • Y10S707/99933Query processing, i.e. searching
    • Y10S707/99934Query formulation, input preparation, or translation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99931Database or file accessing
    • Y10S707/99937Sorting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99941Database schema or data structure
    • Y10S707/99942Manipulating data structure, e.g. compression, compaction, compilation

Abstract

一种信息检索系统包括:接收来自客户装置对文档的查询的服务器;以及用于向所述客户装置输出查询结果的装置,其中与一个或多个交互式控制特征相关联地提供所述结果,可以选择所述一个或多个交互式控制特征来激发关于在所述结果中引用的实体(诸如专业)的信息的显示。

Description

把实体数据自动收集和结合到联机数据库 和专业目录中的系统、方法、接口和软件
版权通知和许可
本专利文档的一部分包含受版权保护的材料。版权所有人不反对任何人对专利文档或本专利公开,像其在专利和商标局专利文件或记录中出现的那样的传真复制,此外保留全部版权。以下通知适用于本文献:版权2003,Thomson Global Resources AG。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2003年12月31日提交的美国临时申请60/533,588的优先权。所述临时申请附此作参考。
技术领域
本发明的不同实施例涉及信息检索系统,诸如提供法律文档或其它有关内容的信息检索系统。
背景
近年来,因特网及其他计算机网络的奇特发展已经燃起了可以通过这些网络访问的数据的同样奇特的发展。与这些数据相互作用的有创造能力的方式之一是通过电子文档内的超级链接的使用。
最近,人们对根据文档中的人名把文献超级链接到其他文档感到兴趣。例如,为了方便法律的研究,明尼苏达州的West PublishingCompany(公司)(像Thomson West(公司)那样做生意)提供成千上万的电子审判意见,后者把代理人和法官的姓名超级链接到西方法律目录(West Legal Directory)(一种大约1,000,000名美国代理人和20,000名法官的专有目录)中的联机传记条目。这些超级链接使用户能够访问审判意见,以便迅速地得到有关这些意见中被指名的律师和法官的联系及其他具体信息。
这些审判意见中的超级链接是利用一个系统自动地产生的,所述系统提取名字、中间名和姓;律师事务所的名称、城市和州;以及来自所述意见文本的法庭信息,并把它们作为决定是否把被指名的代理人和法官链接到专业目录中它们相应的条目的线索。见Christopher Dozier和Robert Haschart的″法律文本中人名的自动提取和链接″(2000年4月法国,巴黎的Proceedings(会议录)of RIAO2000:1305-1321页基于内容的多媒体信息访问),此文包括在此作参考。在Christopher Dozier的”用于把文档中人名超级链接到专业目录的自动的系统、方法和软件”(WO 2003/060767 A3,2003年7月24日)一文中描述了对所述系统的改进。
本发明人已经认识到还需要改进产生自动链接的这些及其他系统。
附图的简要说明
图1是与本发明的一个或多个实施例对应的示范性信息检索系统100的示意图;
图2是与操作系统100的一种或多种示范性方法以及本发明的一个或多个实施例对应的流程图;
图3-8是示范性用户接口的传真,各自对应于本发明的一个或多个实施例;
图9是与本发明的一个或多个施例对应的流程图;以及
图10是与本发明的一个或多个附加的实施例对应的流程图。
示范性实施例的详细说明
引用和包括上列附图的本说明书描述本发明的一个或多个具体的实施例。提供这些实施例不是要限制,而仅仅是为了例证和传授本发明,对其进行足够详细的表示和描述,以便使本专业的技术人员能够实现或实践本发明。因而,为了避免使本发明变得模糊不清,需要时可能省略某些本专业的技术人员已知的信息。
示范性信息检索系统
图1示出示范性联机信息检索系统100。系统100包括一个或多个数据库110、一个或多个服务器120以及一个或多个接入装置130。
数据库110包括一组的一个或多个数据库。在示范性实施例中,所述组包括判例法数据库111、专家证人目录112、专业目录或执照数据库113、判决与处理数据库114、法院文档数据库116。
判例法数据库111一般包括一个或多个地方、州、联邦,国际司法部门已判案例的审判意见的电子文本和影像拷贝。按照本发明的一个或多个方面定义的专家证人目录112包括一个或多个记录或数据库结构,诸如结构1121。结构1121包括在逻辑上与一个或多个目录文档或条目1121B、一个或多个判决文档或条目1121C和一篇或多篇文章1121D相联系的专家标识符部分1121A。某些实施例在逻辑上把专家标识符与法庭文件文档(court filings documents),诸如案情摘要和专家报告和/或其它文档联系起来。
专业目录或执照数据库113包括来自一个或多个州、联邦或国际执照管理局的专业执照数据。在示范性实施例中,这包括法律的、医疗的、工程的和科学的执照或信任状管理局。判决与处理数据库114包括与已决定的判决、评估的损坏或判例法数据库111内与案例相联系的法律纠纷的谈判处理有关的文档的电子文本和影像拷贝。文章数据库115包括以下各方面的文章:技术、医疗、专家、科学或其它学术或权威(authorative)杂志和权威行业出版物。某些实施例包括专利出版物。法院文档数据库116包括与审判意见判例法数据库111的一个或多个子集有关的法庭文档的电子文本和影像拷贝。示范性法院文档包括案情摘要、请求、申诉、辩护、发现要点(discoverymatter)。其它数据库115包括一个或多个包含新闻、商业和财政、科学和技术、医学和生物信息科学和知识产权信息方面的文档的其它数据库。在某些实施例中,文档之间的逻辑关系是人工或利用自动的发现过程确定的,以诸如诉讼人、日期、司法权、代理人识别、法庭备审案件目录表等等作为杠杆信息,确定任何一对文档之间关系的存在或可能性。
采取一个或多个电子的、磁的或光学的数据存储装置的示范形式的数据库110包括各自的索引或者按照另一种方法与各自的索引相联系(未示出)。索引中的每一个包括与相应的文档地址、识别符号及方便下面描述的功能的其他信息关联的术语和/或词组。数据库112、114和116通过无线或有线通信网络,诸如局域、宽域、专用或虚拟专用网络耦合或可以耦合到服务器120。
服务器120一般代表一个或多个服务器,用于以网页形式或其它标记语言形式,利用相关的小应用程序、ActiveX控制、远程调用对象或其它有关软件和数据结构向不同″肥瘦度″的客户提供服务。更具体地说,服务器120包括处理器121、存储器122、订户数据库123、一个或多个搜索引擎124和软件模块125。
一般代表一个或多个本机或分布式处理器或虚拟机的处理器121耦合到存储器122。采取一个或多个电子的、磁的或光学的数据存储装置示范形式的存储器122存储预约数据库123,搜索引擎124和接口模块125。
预约数据库123包括与订户有关的数据,用于控制、执行和管理基于付费或预约的对数据库110的访问。预约数据库123包括与订户有关的数据,用于控制、执行和管理基于付费或预约的对数据库110的访问。
搜索引擎124为数据库110提供布尔或自然语言搜索能力。
除别的以外,接口模块125定义有助于用户定义搜索数据库110的完整的图形用户接口或其一部分。软件125包括一个或多个与Browser(浏览器)兼容的小应用程序、网页模板、用户接口元件、对象或控制特征或其它程序对象或结构。更具体地说,软件125包括搜索接口1251和结果接口1252。
服务器120通过无线或有线通信网络诸如局域、宽域、专用或虚拟专用网络以通信方式耦合或可以耦合到一个或多个接入装置,诸如接入装置130。
接入装置130不仅以通信方式耦合或可以耦合到服务器130,而且一般代表一个或多个接入装置。在示范性实施例中,接入装置130采取个人计算机、工作站、个人数字助理、移动电话或能够为有效的用户接口提供服务器或数据库的任何其它装置的形式。
具体地说,接入装置130包括一个或多个处理器(或处理电路)131、存储器132、显示器133、键盘134和图形指针或选择器135。存储器132存储用于操作系统136、浏览器137和图形用户接口(GUI)138的代码(机器可读或可执行的指令)。在示范性实施例中,操作系统136采取Microsoft Windows操作系统的版本的形式,而浏览器137采取Microsoft Internet Explorer的版本的形式。操作系统136和浏览器137不仅接收来自键盘134和选择器(或鼠标)135的输入,而且支持图形用户接口138在显示器133上的再现。在再现时,GUI(图形用户接口)138提供与一个或多个交互式控制特征(或用户接口元件)关联的数据。(所述示范性实施例利用来自服务器120的小应用程序或其它程序对象或结构定义接口138的一个或多个部分)。
具体地说,图形用户接口138定义或提供一个或多个显示控制区域(诸如查询区1381)和结果区1382。每一个区(或者在某些实施例中的页面)分别定义在存储器中,以便与一个或多个交互式控制特征(元件或窗口小部件)相结合来显示来自数据库110和/或服务器120的数据。在示范性实施例中,这些控制特征中的每一个采取超级链接或其它与浏览器兼容的命令输入的形式。
更具体地说,查询区1381包括:交互式控制特征,诸如查询输入部分1381A,用于接收至少部分地定义简档查询的用户输入;以及查询提交按钮1381B,用于向服务器120提交关于例如来自专家数据库112的数据的简档查询。
显示所提交的查询的搜索结果的结果区1382包括结果清单部分1382A和文档显示部分1382B。清单部分1382A包括控制特征2A1和2A2,用于通过服务器120访问或检索来自一个或多个数据库110(诸如专家数据库112的一个或多个相应的搜索结果文档,诸如专业简档数据和有关文档。每一个控制特征包括各文档的标识符或标记,诸如EXP1、EXP2,识别各自姓名和/或城市、州和关于相应的专家或专业的主题专业知识数据。
显示部分1382B显示清单部分1382A内被识别的各简档中首先显示的或用户选择的一个(所述例图中的EXP 2)的全文的至少一部分。(某些实施例以可选的带标签的区域的形式提供区域1382A和1382B)。部分1382B还包括特征2B1、2B2、2B3和2B4。用户选择特征2B1激发对选定的专家EXP 2的简档文本的检索和显示;对特征2B2的选择激发对由选定的专家保存的任何执照或其它凭证或显示在单独窗口的区域1382B中的文档的专业影像拷贝的检索和显示;对特征2B3的选择激发对与专家或专业有关的判决数据的显示和检索;而对特征2B4的选择激发对与例如写作所述文章的专家或专业人员有关的文章(来自数据库115)的检索和显示。其它实施例包括附加的控制特征,用于访问法院文档(诸如案情摘要和/或其作者是所述专家或专业人员的专家报告),或者甚至专家或证词是参与者的作证和审讯抄本。再一些实施例提供一些控制特征,用于根据选定的专家及其他数据激发因特网搜索和用于根据专家或专业简档过滤这种搜索的结果。
示范性操作方法
图2表示操作信息管理系统,诸如系统100的一种或多种示范性方法的流程图200。流程图200包括方框210-290,在示范性实施例中,以顺序执行序列的形式排列和描述所述方框。但是,其它实施例利用多个处理器或类似处理器的装置并行地执行两个或两个以上方框,或者单个处理器组织成两个或两个以上虚拟机或子处理器。其它实施例还改变所述过程序列或提供不同的功能分隔,以达到类似的结果。例如,某些实施例可以改变功能的客户-服务器分配,使得在服务器侧表示和描述的功能整个地或部分地在客户侧实现,反之亦然。另外,再一些实施例以两个或两个以上互联的硬件模块的形式,利用在这些模块之间传送的和通过这些模块传送的有关的控制和数据信号,实现所述方框。因而,这(以及本说明书中的其他示范性工艺流程)适用于软件、硬件和固件实现方案。
方框210要求向用户提供搜索接口。在示范性实施例中,这要求用户使客户接入装置中的浏览器指向联机信息检索系统(诸如Westlaw系统)的因特网协议(IP)地址,然后在所述系统上登录。成功的登录导致从服务器120输出基于web(环球网)的搜索接口(诸如图1中的接口138(或其一个或多个部分)),将其存储在存储器132并由客户接入装置130显示。
然后执行过程进到方框220。
方框220要求接收查询。在示范性实施例中,所述查询定义实体(诸如专业人员)的一个或多个属性。在某些实施例中,所述查询字符串包括一组术语和/或连接器,而在另一个实施例中包括自然语言字符串。另外,在某些实施例中,根据所述系统或搜索接口的形式,所述目标数据库组是自动定义的或默认的。图3和4示出可供选择的搜索接口300和400,它们的一个或多个实施例使用于代替在图1中的接口138。在方框230中继续所述执行过程。
方框230要求通过图形用户接口向用户提供搜索结果。在示范性实施例中,这要求服务器或元件在服务器的控制或命令下执行对一个或多个数据库110,例如,专家数据库110的查询,并识别满足所述查询判据的文档,诸如专业简档。然后提供结果清单,或者以基于web的接口(诸如图1中的接口138或图5中的接口500)的一部分的形式再现。执行过程进到方框240。
方框240要求提供关于列出的专业中一个或多个的附加信息。在示范性实施例中,这要求接收用户选择在搜索结果中列出的专业简档中的一个或多个的形式的请求。可以如图1中接口138或图6、7和8中各自的接口600、700和800所示的那样显示这些附加的结果。接口600示出与选定的专业有关的附加信息的链接610和620的清单。如图7所示,对链接610的选择激发在接口700中对判决文档(或在某些情况下对相关的判决文档的清单)的检索和显示。而如图8所示,对链接620的选择激发在接口800中对文章(或在某些情况下对文章的清单)的检索和显示。
构造专业目录的示范性方法
在图9中,流程图900说明构造诸如用于系统100中的专业目录或数据库的示范性方法。流程图900包括方框910-960。
在方框910中,所述示范性方法以从文本文档提取实体参考记录开始。在示范性实施例中,这要求利用有限状态变换器从大约300,000个陪审团判决处理(JVS)文档中提取实体引用。JVS文档具有一致的结构,它包括专家证人部分或段落,诸如在表1例证的。
    专家:原告:Neal Benowitz MD,药理学家,旧金山,UCSF医疗中心。David M.Burns,肺脏学家,UC圣地亚哥,La Jolla肺部及紧急救护医药部。w被告:Jerrv Whidbv化学博士,Philip Morris Co.,Richmond.VA
表1:陪审团判决及处理(JVS)文档的专家证人部分
所述示范性实施例使用语法语法分析程序来定位专家证人段落并找出附属于个人的词汇元素(就是说,用于所述特定对象方面的术语)。这些词汇元素包括姓名、学位、专业知识领域、组织、城市和州。对段落的语法分析要求将其分为句子,然后利用单独的或特定的有限状态变换器对每一个元素进行语法分析。以下示例显示用于所述组织元素的来自所述有限状态变换器的普通的表达式。(变量加前缀$)。
$ORG=($UNIVERSITY|$COMPANY|$FIRM...)
$UNIVERSITY=($UNIVERSITY1|$UNIVERSITY2)
$UNIVERSITY1=(University|College..)(of)[A-
Z][a-z]+
$UNIVERSITY2=([A-Z][a-z]+$SPACE)+(University|College..)
一般以句子的形式列出一位专家,连同他的或她的专业知识领域及其他信息。若在句子中指出一位以上的专家,则一般最靠近所述姓名的专业知识领域及其他要素与所述姓名相联系。每个JVS文档一般只列出一个专家证人;但是,某些专家证人在一个以上JVS文档中被引用。表2表示实体参考记录一个示例。
  名字   ARTHUR
  中间名
  姓   ABLIN
  后缀
  学位   MD
  组织
  专业   儿科/血液学/肿瘤学
  城市   旧金山
  州   加里福尼亚
表2:由正则表达式语法分析程序建立
     的结构的专家证人引用记录
一旦定义实体参考记录,便在方框220中继续所述执行过程。
方框920要求根据实体参考记录定义简档记录:在示范性实施例中,定义简档记录要求合并涉及同一个人的专家证人引用记录,以便建立所述专家的唯一的专家证人简档记录。为此目的,所述示范性实施例按照姓将所述引用记录分类,以便定义多个姓的小组。然后通过选择未合并的专家的引用记录和根据这选定的记录建立新的专家简档记录,来处理每个″姓″组内的记录。然后把新的专家引用记录标记为未合并的,并利用Bayesian匹配将其与所述组中每一个未合并的引用记录对比,以便计算所述简档记录中所述专家涉及所述记录被引用的同一个人的几率。若所述计算的匹配几率超过匹配阈值,则所述引用被标记为″已合并″。若在所述组中仍有未合并的记录,则重复所述循环。
应当指出,若两个或两个以上引用记录涉及一个个人(例如,因为拼错姓),那么,重复的记录仍有可能留在简档文件中。为了解决这种可能性,在合并的简档文件上面进行最后一次处理,并给各对记录加上标记以便进行人工检查。表3示出由专家引用记录建立的示范性专家简档记录。
  名字   ARTHUR
  中间名
  姓   ABLIN
  后缀
  学位   MD
  组织
  专业   儿科/血液学/肿瘤学
  子类1
  子类2
  子类3
  分类
  地址
  城市   旧金山
  州   加里福尼亚
表3:由专家引用记录建立的专家简档记录
方框930要求给专家引用记录加入附加的信息。在示范性实施例中,这要求从其它数据库和来源得到信息,诸如从专业执照管理局、电话目录等等。JVS文档中对专家的引用(所述实施例中原始实体记录来源)往往很少或没有专家的位置信息,而专业执照记录一般包括所述专家的完整的姓名和完整的当前家庭和/或企业地址,使它们成为有希望的额外的数据来源。
一个示范性执照管理局是药物执行机构(Drug EnforcementAgency),它给开药方的卫生保健专业人员发执照。
在确定所得的执照记录(类似于引用记录)和专家个人是否涉及同一个人时,所述示范性实施例根据名字、中间名、姓、姓名后缀、市-州信息、专业知识领域和姓名稀有性计算Bayesian匹配几率。若匹配几率满足或超过阈值几率,则把来自所得的执照记录的信息的一个或多个要素包括到专家引用记录中。若不满足阈值判据,则把所得的执照记录存储在用于与随后增加或得到的记录合并考虑的数据库中。(某些实施例类似于在方框910中所描述的,对补充数据执行提取程序,以便定义引用记录,然后将所述引用记录作为一组发送,供合并处理用,就像方框910中处理专家引用记录那样)。
  名字   ARTHUR
  中间名
  姓   ABLIN
  后缀
  学位   MD
  组织
  专业   儿科/血液学/肿瘤学
  子类1   儿科
  子类2   血液与血浆
  子类3   肿瘤学
  分类   医疗与外科
  地址   43 Culloden PK Road
  城市   旧金山
  州   加里福尼亚
  邮政编码   94901
表4:专家简档记录,其中中间名、地址和邮
     编代码字段从专业执照记录填充或得到。
方框940要求按专业知识领域对专家简档进行分类。在示范性实施例中,每个专家证人记录按专业知识分类学被赋予一个或多个分类类别。实体记录的分类使用户能够通过专业知识领域浏览和搜索专家证人(或其它专业人员)的简档。为了把一个专家简档记录映射到专业知识子类,所述示范性实施例使用一个专业知识分类器和包含顶层类别和子类的分类学。
示范性分类学包括以下顶层类别:事故与损伤;财会与经济;计算机与电子学;结构与建筑;刑事、欺诈与个人身份;雇用与职业;工程与科学;环境;家庭与儿童监护;法律与保险;医疗与外科;财产与房地产;精神病学与心理学;交通工具、运输、设备与机器。每一个类别包括一个或多个子类。例如,″事故与损伤″类具有以下子类:增氧健身法、动物、衣着、石棉、划船、轰炸、烧伤/灼伤、儿童治疗、儿童安全、施工、验尸官、整容专家/美容师/理发师/文身师、狗咬、娱乐和运动。
向专家简档记录分配主题类别要求利用把与专家相联系的专业描述符映射到专业知识分类学中的叶节点的函数。这个函数用于下方程式代表:
T=f(S)
其中,T表示一组分类学节点,而S是专业描述符。示范性函数f使用把专业描述符映射到专业知识领域的500个4字符组的词汇。例如,具有″onco(肿瘤)″专业描述符的专家分类为肿瘤学专家、肿瘤学家和儿科肿瘤学家子类。其它分类学也是可行的。示范性实施例允许描述符映射到分类学中的一个以上专业知识领域(就是说,类或子类)。例如,″儿科外科医生″可以映射到″儿科″节点和″外科手术″节点。表5表示专家简档记录的示例,其中专业知识领域已经映射到″医疗与外科″和″儿科″、″血液与血浆″和″肿瘤学″。
  名字   ARTHUR
  中间名
  姓   ABLIN
  后缀
  学位   MD
  组织
  专业   儿科/血液学/肿瘤学
  子类1   儿科
  子类2   血液与血浆
  子类3   肿瘤学
  分类   医疗与外科
  地址
  城市   旧金山
  州   加里福尼亚
表5:带有映射到″医疗与外科″的
     专业知识领域的专家简档记录
方框940要求把一个或多个文本文档和/或额外的数据组与专业简档中的一个或多个相关联。为此目的,示范性实施例利用基于Bayesian的记录匹配在逻辑上把一个或多个JVS文档和/或Medline文章与专家证人简档记录相关联。
表6示出实例联机医学文献分析和检索系统(Medline)文章。
     标题:儿科肢体肉瘤四肢保守治疗功能和临床结局。作者:Bertucio C S;Wara W M;Matthay K K;Ablin A R;JohnstonJ O;O′Donnell R J;Weinberg V;Haas-Kogan D A辐射肿瘤学部门,旧金山California大学,505 Parnassus Avenue,San Francisco,CA 94143-0226,USA.杂志:International journal of radiation oncology,biology,physics(United States)日期:2001年3月1日
表6:来自Medline文章的实例文本
为了把JVS文档和medline摘要链接到专家简档记录,利用一个或多个适当的语法分析程序通过语法分析,并利用以前描述的类似于简档匹配技术的Bayesian推理网络与简档记录匹配,从所述文章提取专家引用记录。对于JVS文档,Bayesian网络利用以下7个匹配证据计算匹配几率:姓、名字、中间名、姓名后缀、位置、组织和专业知识领域。对于medline文章,所述匹配几率是还附加地基于姓名的稀有性,如在以前指出的Dozier专利申请中所描述的。
图10示出培育和保持一个或多个实体目录(诸如用于系统100中的专家数据库)的示范性方法的流程图1000。流程图1000包括过程方框1010-1050。
在方框1010,所述示范性方法以接收文档的方式开始。在示范性实施例中,这要求接收未标记的文档,诸如审判意见或案情摘要。但是,其它实施例接收和处理其它类型的文档。然后执行过程进到方框1020。
方框1020要求确定文档的类型。示范性实施例使用一个或多个方法来确定文档类型,例如,查找特定的文档格式和语法和/或关键字,来在一组类型当中进行鉴别。在某些实施例中,类型可以从文档的来源推论出来。输入的内容类型,诸如判例法、陪审团判决、法律回顾、案情摘要等,具有各种各样语法、句法和结构上的差异。在确定类型(或文档描述)之后,在方框1030中继续所述执行过程。
方框1030要求根据所确定的文档类型从接收文档提取所述实体参考记录中的一个或多个。在示范性实施例中,提取四种类型的实体记录:个人姓名,诸如代理人、法官、专家证人;组织名称,诸如企业和公司;产品名称,诸如药物和化学品;以及事实简档(有关本学科领域的″方言″)。根据所确定的文档类型和正在构建的实体记录选定或配置的专用或可以配置的语法分析程序(有限状态变换器),识别和提取每一种类型的实体的实体信息。
语法分析程序通过具体搜索指名的实体(个人、地址、公司等)或通过实体之间的关系提取信息。语法分析程序的文本提取基于数据的输入判据。例如,更结构化的(标记的)数据使在语法分析程序内构建″较紧密”的规则组成为可能。这组规则允许提取有关特定的实体的更具体的信息。更″自由的″数据收集(诸如web网站)并不有助于基于规则的语法分析程序。一个集合还可能包括结构化的、半结构化的和自由的数据的组合。更具体地说,通过″正则表达式″方法开发语法分析程序。正则表达式服务是用于找出实体类型和信息类别的语法分析程序的″规则″。
方框1040尝试把每一个提取的实体参考记录链接到一个或多个现存的管理机构目录或在逻辑上与之相关联。在示范性实施例中,这要求为已经就所接受的准确性而言标示为权威的相应的各目录(或数据库)中每一个提取的实体引用和再一个相应的候选记录计算Bayesian匹配几率。若匹配几率满足匹配判据,则将各记录合并或者使它们与输入的文档相关联。然后执行过程进到方框1050。
方框1050要求利用匹配处理扩充未匹配的实体参考记录。在示范性实施例中,这种扩充处理要求操作web(环球网)、其它数据库及其他目录或清单上的特定类型数据采集器,以便为数据库,诸如在图1中的专家数据库112装配新的相关简档信息的高速缓存。然后利用Bayesian匹配使未匹配的或未标记的实体记录对所得的实体记录进行匹配。那些满足匹配判据的被引用到质量控制处理,以便在加入相关实体目录之前进行验证或确认。质量控制处理可以是人工的、半自动的或全自动的。例如,某些实施例以超过匹配判据的程度作为质量控制类型的基础。
在某些实施例中,方框1050与方框1010-1040并行操作,利用任何数目web爬行器、关系数据库或CD,连续地检索与新的实体有关的数据,并试图构造新的实体记录。
结论
上述实施例只是用来举例说明和传授实践或实现本发明的一个或多个途径,而不是要限制它的宽度或范围。本发明的实际范围,包括实践或实现本发明的传授内容的所有途径,只由以下权利要求书和它们的等效物定义。

Claims (6)

1.一种系统包括:
用于从文档提取一个或多个实体参考记录的装置;
用于通过把所述实体参考记录中的一个或多个与一个或多个其它实体参考记录合并,来定义一个或多个实体记录的装置;
用于根据分类学把所述定义的实体记录中的一个或多个分类的装置;
用于定义所述定义的实体记录中的一个或多个与其他文档或数据组之间的链接的装置;以及
图形用户接口装置,用于定义与实体有关的查询、用于观看作为所述查询的结果的一个或多个文档、以及用于在法律、财政、保健、科学或教育文档内选择所述定义的链接中的一个或多个、并导致对所述一个定义的实体记录的至少一部分的检索和显示。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述列举的装置中的一个或多个包括一个或多个处理器、计算机可读介质、显示装置和网络通信,其中计算机可读介质包括编码的指令和数据结构。
3.一种方法包括:
从文档提取一个或多个实体参考记录;
通过将所述实体参考记录中的一个或多个与一个或多个其它实体参考记录合并来定义一个或多个实体记录;
根据分类学将所述定义的实体记录中的一个或多个分类;
定义所述定义的实体记录中的一个或多个与其他文档或数据组之间的链接。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中还包括:
提供网络可接入图形用户接口装置,所述网络可接入图形用户接口装置用于定义与实体有关的查询、用于观看从所述查询得出的一个或多个文档、以及用于在法律、财政、保健、科学或教育文档内选择所述定义的链接中的一个或多个、并且导致对所述一个定义的实体记录的至少一部分的检索和显示。
5.一种方法包括:
从文档提取实体参考记录;
若所述实体参考记录与一组记录中的任何实体记录匹配失败,则设法使所述实体参考记录与所述记录组以外的一组得到的实体记录匹配;
若所述实体参考记录与所述得到的实体记录中的至少一个匹配,则合并这些记录并将其加入所述记录组。
6.一种服务器,它包括:用于接收对来自客户装置的文档的查询的装置;以及用于向所述客户装置输出查询结果的装置,其中,与一个或多个交互式控制特征相关联地提供所述结果,可以选择所述一个或多个交互式控制特征来激发关于在所述结果中引用的实体的信息的显示。
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CN113157996B (zh) * 2020-01-23 2022-09-16 久瓴(上海)智能科技有限公司 文档信息处理方法、装置、计算机设备及可读存储介质

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US8001129B2 (en) 2011-08-16
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