CN1997766A - 具有扩散粘结增强层的三氧化二铝陶瓷工具 - Google Patents

具有扩散粘结增强层的三氧化二铝陶瓷工具 Download PDF

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CN1997766A
CN1997766A CNA2005800209938A CN200580020993A CN1997766A CN 1997766 A CN1997766 A CN 1997766A CN A2005800209938 A CNA2005800209938 A CN A2005800209938A CN 200580020993 A CN200580020993 A CN 200580020993A CN 1997766 A CN1997766 A CN 1997766A
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X·丹尼尔·方
戴维·J·威尔斯
吉勒斯·费斯蒂厄
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种陶瓷切削工具,诸如具有扩散粘结增强层和CVD涂层的含氧化锆的氧化铝陶瓷切削工具,其特别适用于机加工现代金属材料。该方法包括与引入的含氮和氯化铝的混合物进行化学反应以在陶瓷基底和CVD涂层之间形成扩散粘结增强层。该形成的扩散粘附增强层强粘附到有氧化锆的氧化铝陶瓷基底上,并明显提高CVD涂层的特性,由此在有氧化锆的锆-基氧化铝陶瓷切削工具的工具寿命方面改进了其机加工性能。

Description

具有扩散粘结增强层的三氧化二铝陶瓷工具
发明背景
目前大部分切削嵌件包含由烧结碳化物制成的基底,因为该烧结碳化物有高韧性和优良的耐磨性。但具有陶瓷基底的切削工具和切削嵌件(“陶瓷工具”)的应用日益增加。这类陶瓷工具在高-速精加工操作中有广泛应用并用于以高切削速率机加工难以用机器加工的材料中。陶瓷工具的应用增多可能是由于合金陶瓷和陶瓷-基质复合物的改进以及陶瓷加工工艺的进展。在切削工具中所用的陶瓷通常是无机非金属材料。
陶瓷工具的制备通常包括粉末陶瓷的熔凝和烧结。烧结为熔凝粉末提供所需的致密化,并可任选在压力下进行。在无压烧结中,该粉末首先成型为坯件或未烧结体,然后经烧结可达到所需的致密化。陶瓷的热压法包括在模具中加热并同时单向压制该粉末。尽管热-压陶瓷是较昂贵的,但与冷-压制材料相比其可制备具有较细粒度、较高密度和较高横向断裂强度的陶瓷。
目前在切削工具中使用的陶瓷是基于氧化铝(Al2O3)或氮化硅(Si3N4)。其它陶瓷如氧化镁、氧化钇、氧化锆、氧化铬和碳化钛可用作添加剂以有助于烧结或形成具有改进热-机械性的合金陶瓷。
含氧化铝基底的陶瓷工具可用于高切削速度的金属机加工,这是由于氧化铝基底的化学惰性和高强度。市售的重要氧化铝陶瓷工具是加入氧化镁作为烧结助剂和晶粒长大抑止剂的基本上是细粒(小于5μm)的Al2O3。氧化铝陶瓷也可与钛或铬的低价氧化物成合金以形成固溶体。三种主要的可市购的氧化铝基的工具材料是Al2O3/Ti、Al2O3/ZrO2和用碳化硅(SiC)须晶增强的Al2O3。其它Al2O3基陶瓷可具有TiN、TiB2、Ti(C,N)和Zr(C,N)的添加剂。
氧化铝-氧化锆(Al2O3/ZrO2)是一种合金陶瓷。加入氧化锆提高了氧化铝基底较高的断裂韧性和耐热冲击性。用氧化锆韧化氧化铝利用了特定的结晶学变化、马氏体型变换,其产生于吸收能量的机制。亚稳态矩形ZrO2的存在提供了在应力下转变成稳定的单斜结构的可能。该转变作为一种应力吸收剂,并甚至在有裂纹存在时可防止进一步破裂。
通常该二氧化锆颗粒集中在氧化铝的晶界。虽然破裂是晶间的,但认为在因破裂引起断裂前这些颗粒的存在提供了附加的韧性。三种最通用的组合物是含10、25和40重量%的ZrO2,其余为氧化铝。含40重量%ZrO2的组合物接近低共熔浓度。较高的ZrO2含量的组合物的硬度较低但韧性较高。
切削嵌件可经涂敷以增加其耐磨性。可由化学汽相淀积法(‘CVD’)或物理汽相淀积法(‘PVD’)在切削工具上涂敷单涂层或多涂层。氮化钛(TiN)、碳氮化钛(TiCN)和氧化铝(Al2O3)是适于碳化物基的切削工具的最常用的CVD涂层材料。已研发在陶瓷基底上的薄涂层(2-5μm)其主要是用于限制在工具和工件材料之间的化学相互作用,并改进耐磨性。最近的研究工作实例是将最新的CVD涂敷工艺用于陶瓷切削嵌件其包括美国专利申请No.6447896的涂敷增强的陶瓷切削工具;美国专利申请No.2002/0076284的涂敷的氮化硅陶瓷切削工具;含有美国专利申请No.2002/0054794的以氧化铝基质相分散的硬质相的涂敷的复合陶瓷切削嵌件。
需研发一种适于陶瓷工具的新的涂敷工艺,以进一步改进陶瓷工具的耐磨性和耐化学性,从而满足机加工生产率日益增长的需要。
发明概述
至少一方面,本发明的一个目的在于提供一种包括含基底的切削工具,其中该基底包含氧化铝和氧化锆和扩散粘结增强层。本发明的目的还在于提供一种在基底上形成扩散粘结增强层的方法。扩散粘结增强层增加施加在切削工具上的耐磨层的粘附性。扩散粘结增强层包括含氮和氯化铝的混合物和至少在基底中存在的氧化锆之问的反应产物。
在另一方面,本发明的目的在于提供一种包括基底的切削嵌件,其中该基底包含氧化铝和氧化锆,含锆的氮化物、氧化锆和铝的氮化物的中间层和至少一层耐磨涂层。
本发明方法的实施方案包括使基地底经受氯化铝和氮的作用,其中该基底含氧化铝和氧化锆;用至少一种化学汽相淀积法或物理汽相淀积法(pressure vapor deposition process)涂敷该基底。该基底可包含按基底总重量计的0.5-45重量%的氧化锆。该方法可包括使基底经受含氯化铝和氮的气体混合物的作用。
在基底上的涂层可用CVD或PVD以及其它方法涂敷。每种涂层可独立地含有选自周期表族IIIA、IVB、VB和VIB金属的金属碳化物、金属氮化物、金属硅化物和金属氧化物中的至少一种,诸如,但不限于,选自氮化钛(TiN)、碳氮化钛(TiCN)、氮化钛铝(TiAlN)、氮化钛铝加碳(TiAlN+C)、氮化铝钛(AlTiN)、氮化铝钛加碳(AlTiN+C)、氮化钛铝加碳化钨/碳(TiAlN+WC/C)、氮化铝钛加碳化钨/碳(AlTiN+WC/C)、氧化铝(Al2O3)、二硼化钛(TiB2)、碳化钨碳(WC/C)、氮化铬(CrN)和氮化铝铬(AlCrN)中的至少一种。
读者将理解前述的本发明的细节和优点,以及基于本发明实施方案的下列详述中的其它优点。读者也可在制造和/或应用本发明中的实施方案中充分领悟本发明的附加细节和优点。
附图简介
本发明的特点和优点可参阅附图而更好地理解:
图1是所制备截面的放大1000倍的显微照片,示出在Al2O3/ZrO2陶瓷基底表面上形成的扩散粘结增强层;
图2A和2B是放大1000倍的显微照片,用于对比无扩散粘结增强层的CVD涂敷的Al2O3/ZrO2陶瓷基底(图2A)和有扩散粘结增强层的CVD涂敷的Al2O3/ZrO2陶瓷基底(图2B);
图3A和3B是在两个Al2O3/ZrO2陶瓷切削嵌件的CVD涂层上以恒定10kg负荷进行划痕试验后的Al2O3/ZrO2陶瓷切削嵌件的显微照片,一个切削嵌件的制备是无扩散粘结增强层(图3A),而另一个切削嵌件是制备有扩散粘结增强层(图3B);
图4A和4B示出比较机加工试验结果的示图(案例1和案例2),其是在不同切削条件和用工件材料进行的,以说明有扩散粘结增强层和耐磨涂层的氧化铝和氧化锆基底的陶瓷切削嵌件的优点。
发明详述
本发明涉及一种包含有氧化铝和氧化锆的基底和扩散粘结增强层的切削工具。该扩散粘结增强层产生于试剂和基底中的氧化锆和氧化铝中至少一种之间的反应。扩散粘结增强层可包含锆的氮化物和铝的氮化物,并且这些化合物的存在增加了其后涂层的粘附性。所以扩散粘结增强层可用作基底和耐磨层之间的中间层。扩散粘结增强层的存在可明显改进经涂敷的Al2O3陶瓷切削嵌件的工具寿命。本发明的一个实施方案在于基底的氧化铝和氧化锆中的至少一种与氮(N2)和氯化铝(AlCl3)的混合物在表面区的化学反应。该反应可以是在N2和AlCl3的气体混合物与基底组分之间进行。可用已知涂敷方法包括但不限于CVD和PVD涂敷单层或多层耐磨层。
扩散粘结增强层的厚度决定于反应物向基底中的扩散。扩散是由于分子无规运动的动能引起的分子混杂的过程,换句话说是由于各原子在基底即本发明的含氧化锆的氧化铝陶瓷基底的表面区的无规运动的结果。在较高温度下,扩散速率增加,所以某些反应物可以某种深度进入基底,化学结合到表面区。该扩散粘结增强层并不起耐磨涂层的作用,而是在陶瓷基底和耐熔金属基的CVD涂层之间作为中间层以增加粘附性。实验已表明,在有氧化锆的氧化铝陶瓷基底上直接涂敷CVD涂层常常不能达到优良粘附。该涂层在机加工过程中常会出现剥离和裂纹,从而造成陶瓷工具的短的使用寿命。
本发明提供的扩散粘结增强层可在陶瓷基底上形成相当匀质的、稳定的和高粘附性的层。认为该扩散粘结增强层含有一种在氮及氯化铝和基底中所存在的氧化锆之间的反应产物。扩散粘结增强层的厚度可通过调节温度、压力、反应时间、基底的表面粗糙度以及其它参数等中的至少之一来控制以产生所需涂层厚度。
本发明的切削工具的一些实施方案包括含氧化铝和氧化锆的基底。通常目前市售可得的基底包含0.5-45重量%的氧化锆。在某些实施方案如需有较硬基底的方案中,该基底可含0.5-26重量%的氧化锆,或优选2-26重量%的氧化锆,或更优选9-11重量%的氧化锆。
切削工具的一些实施方案可包含一层或多层耐磨涂层或耐化学涂层,这里共同称为”耐磨涂层”。该一层或多层耐磨涂层是在作为介于第一耐磨单层和多层与基底之间的粘结界面的扩散粘结增强层上,增加了涂层与含氧化锆的氧化铝陶瓷基底的粘附性。该切削工具可包含可由CVD或PVD淀积的任何层。具体而言,该耐磨涂层可独立地包含选自周期表族IIIA、IVB、VB和VIB金属的金属碳化物、金属氮化物、金属碳氮化物、金属硅化物和金属氧化物中的至少一种或其组合,诸如但不限于氮化钛(TiN)、碳氮化钛(TiCN)、氮化钛铝(TiAlN)、氮化钛铝加碳(TiAlN+C)、氮化铝钛(AlTiN)、氮化铝钛加碳(AlTiN+C)、氮化钛铝加碳化钨/碳(TiAlN+WC/C)、氮化铝钛加碳化钨/碳(AlTiN+WC/C)、氧化铝(Al2O3)、二硼化钛(TiB2)、碳化钨碳(WC/C)、氮化铬(CrN)和氮化铝铬(AlCrN)。适用于切削工具的通常工业用多层涂层可包括如氮化钛的第一耐磨涂层、碳氮化钛的第二耐磨涂层和氮化钛的第三耐磨涂层。
每一耐磨涂层的厚度可以是适于特殊机加工应用或适于待机加工材料的所需任何厚度。在基底表面上的涂层总厚度通常为约1-20μm,或更多为1-5μm。单独耐磨涂层通常的厚度可为0.25-2μm。
本发明的切削工具的实施方案也可包含有氧化铝和氧化锆的基底、含锆的氮化物、氧化锆和铝的氮化物的中间层和至少一层耐磨涂层。
本发明还涉及一种涂敷切削工具的方法。该方法的实施方案包括使包含氧化铝和氧化锆的基底经受氯化铝和氮的作用,并用至少一种选自CVD和PVD的方法涂敷该基底。本发明方法的实施方案包括含0.5-45重量%的氧化锆的基底。在某些需要较硬基底的实施方案中,该基底含0.5-26重量%的氧化锆或优选2-26重量%的氧化锆或更优选为9-11重量%的氧化锆。
该基底可经受含氯化铝和氮的气体混合物的作用。该气体混合物可含浓度为25-99重量%,更优选75-99重量%的氯化铝。该气体混合物可含有其为惰性或基本惰性的其它成分,“基本惰性”意指该添加的成分不干扰扩散粘结增强层的形成。当使用含氯化铝和氮的气体混合物形成扩散粘结增强层时,则可使用任何压力,尽管较高压力会使气相和固相之间发生更多相互反应。在扩散过程中所用的气体混合物的压力可用于控制形成扩散增强层的反应。较高压力可有利于氧化鋯和氮之间的较高反应性。所以为提供合适的控制,可优选维持压力为200-1500毫巴或甚至400-1000毫巴。
在固体中的扩散可在任何温度下进行。可加热该气体混合物或基底以增加扩散速率。较高温度可产生较高扩散速率,但该操作温度不能高到在固态基底中引起任何不利的变化。所以对含氧化铝和氧化锆的基底,可以优选是气体混合物或基底的温度为50-1400℃或50-1200℃。希望更窄的温度范围以保持工业上合适的扩散速率而不影响基底,所以所希望的气体混合物或基底的温度为500-1200℃或更优选1000-1200℃。
除非另有指明,在本说明书和权利要求中所用的表示成分的量、时间、温度等的数值意指在所有情况下均由术语”约”修正。因此除非有相反指明,该在下面说明书和权利要求中所列出的数字参数均是近似值,其可根据由本发明要获得的所需特性而变化。最少也不打算限制相当于权利要求范围的原则的应用,每一数值参数至少按所列的有效位数和应用通常的舍入原理进行。
虽然设定的本发明的宽范围的数值范围和参数是近似值,但在具体实施例中示出的数值是尽可能精确。但任何数值均可固有包含在其各实验测量中所产生的来自标准偏差的某些误差。
本发明实施方案的实施例
下面的实施例表明了在含氧化铝和氧化锆的基底上的扩散粘结增强层的形成和在该基底上的耐磨涂层的粘附性的增加。此实施例的陶瓷基底含90重量%的Al2O3和10重量%的ZrO2。该基底的密度为4.0g/cm3,硬度为1800Hv,韧性为4.5MN/m3/2,传热系数为0.07cal/cm·sec·℃。
该基底在压力为500毫巴下经受含氯化铝和氮的气体混合物的作用。将该基底加热到约1020℃。在气体混合物中的Al2′O3/N2的比约为7。
图1是本发明所制备的切削工具10的截面在放大1000倍时的显微照片,以透视图示出在顶部12和截面面13之间的边界11。在经受气体混合物作用后该扩散粘结增强层14清楚地示于基底15上。如图1所示,该扩散粘结增强层14是在整个基底15的表面上均匀地形成。图1中在基底15上的该扩散-粘结层14的厚度约为1/2微米(0.5μm)。
图2A和2B是涂敷有Al2O3/ZrO2的陶瓷基底的截面的放大1000倍的显微照片,该基底上涂敷有多层耐磨涂层。图2A示出经涂敷的陶瓷基底20的截面的显微照片,该基底20有第一涂层TiN22、第二涂层TiCN23和第三涂层TiN24,其直接涂在基底21上,没有中间扩散粘结增强层。图2B示出在第一涂层TiN27和基底26之间有扩散粘结增强层30的经涂敷的陶瓷基底25的截面的显微照片。该经涂敷的陶瓷基底25也有第二涂层TiCN28和第三涂层TiN29。如在图2A所示出的,该第一涂层TiN22在整个Al2O3/ZrO2的陶瓷基底21上粘附不好且分布不均匀,不良的粘附性可由在第一涂层TiN22和基底21之间的显微照片的暗区域31所表明。与此相反,该扩散粘结增强层30在第一涂层TiN27和基底26两者上具有优良的粘附性和均匀的分布。在图2A和2B的基底20和25中所示的多涂层是用CVD淀积的TiN-TiCN-TiN,其总厚度为3微米。在基本Al2O3/ZrO2的陶瓷基底26上形成的扩散粘结增强层可由各种化学元素或化合物组成,包括氮化锆、氧化锆和氮化铝,其以产生均匀分布的混合金属方式熔融在一起。经涂敷的切削工具的试验
划痕试验
进行性能试验以测定在基底和第一耐磨涂层之间含扩散粘结增强层的切削工具是否会对CVD或PVD涂层(单层或多层)提供强粘附。制备两种切削工具,一种具有直接涂于基底上的多层耐磨涂层,第二种在基底和由上述方法形成的多层耐磨涂层之间具有扩散粘结增强层。两种切削嵌件同样用CVD法以三微米厚度涂敷TiN-TiCN-TiN。图3A和图3B是每种经涂敷的陶瓷基底在以恒定10kg负荷下进行划痕试验后的照片。图3A的切削嵌件40不包含扩散粘结增强层,而图3B的切削嵌件50包含扩散粘结增强层。如图3A所示,该CVD涂层41沿着划痕42有剥离和碎屑,并在施加的划痕压力下露出白色的陶瓷表面43。事实上无扩散粘结增强层的CVD涂层的弱粘附也通过对在图3A中有宽的划痕42与在图3B中具有窄的划痕52比较而表明。图3A中宽的划痕42的形成是因为该耐磨涂层41对划痕试验中所施加的划痕负荷(对两案例均为10kg恒定压力)有低的耐裂性和耐剥离性。而在图3B中窄的划痕52的形成是由于该CVD涂层51对在Al2O3/ZrO2陶瓷基底和施加的CVD涂层之间的扩散粘结增强层上具有强的粘附性。该划痕试验明显表明,扩散粘结增强层改进了CVD涂层在Al2O3/ZrO2陶瓷基底上的粘附性。
机加工试验
在各种切削条件下和用各种工件材料进行一列系对比机加工试验,以证明包含中间扩散粘结增强层和多层耐磨涂层的切削工具的优点。
案例1:适于汽车零件的铁材料的机加工
选用三种Al2O3/ZrO2陶瓷切削工具作对比机加工试验--如示于表1。所有切削嵌件具有相同的类型和几何形状,称为SNEN120412,按ISO标准其为内切直径为12mm的正方形,厚度为4.76mm,弯端半径为1.20mm。案例1的切削嵌件在切削刃周围有单一的T-焊接区。
表1用于对比试验中的Al2O3陶瓷切削嵌件-案例1
标号 涂层描述
C1A 未涂敷
C1B TiN,CVD涂敷
C1C 有扩散粘结增强层的TiN-TiCN-TiN,CVD涂敷
该案例1的机加工试验在下列切削条件下进行:
切削速率=1600英尺/分(480米/分)
进刀速率=0.01英寸/转(0.25mm/转)
切削深度=0.020英寸(0.5mm)
标明为C1B的嵌件是直接在基底上涂敷,而标明为C1C的嵌件是按上述的本发明方法涂敷。试验结果示于图4A。很明显,具有扩散粘结增强层的切削嵌件C1C(TiN-TiCN-TiN,CVD涂敷)具有最好的性能。与切削嵌件C1B(TiN,CVD涂敷)相比,该扩散粘结增强层的工具寿命增加80%以上,与未涂敷的切削嵌件C1C相比,工具寿命增加将近200%。
案例2:合金钢的机加工
选用三种Al2O3/ZrO2陶瓷切削工具作对比机加工试验--如示于表2。所有切削嵌件具有相同的类型和几何形状,称为RCGX251200,按ISO标准其为直径25mm的圆形,余隙角为7度,厚度为12.7mm。案例2的切削嵌件在切削刃周围有双T-焊接区。
表2用于对比试验中的Al2O3陶瓷切削嵌件-案例2
标号 涂层描述
C2A TiN,CVD涂敷
C2B 有扩散粘结增强层的TiN,CVD涂敷
C2C 有扩散粘结增强层的TiN-TiCN-TiN,CVD涂敷
该案例2的机加工试验在下列切削条件下进行:
切削速率=1000英尺/分(305米/分)
进刀速率=0.03-0.055英寸/转(0.76-1.40mm/转)
切削深度=0.027-0.055英寸(0.69-1.40mm)
案例2的机加工试验结果列于图4B。其清楚表明,具有TiN CVD涂层的切削嵌件C2B和具有TiN-TiCN-TiN CVD涂层的切削嵌件C2C均比现有技术的TiN CVD涂层的切削嵌件C2A有较好的工具寿命特性。
应理解,本说明书是说明理解有关本发明的那些方面。为简化本发明的描述,对本领域技术人员显而易见的某些方面和不便于更好理解本发明的某些方面没有列出。虽然描述了本发明的一些实例方案,但本领城的一般技术人员在考虑上述描述时应理解,可使用本发明的许多改型和变化方案。所有本发明的这种变化和改型方案均由上述描述和下面的权利要求所包括。

Claims (53)

1.一种切削工具,其包含:
-基底,其中该基底含氧化铝和氧化锆;
-扩散粘结增强层。
2.权利要求1的切削工具,其还包含:
-耐磨涂层。
3.权利要求1的切削工具,其中该扩散粘结增强层包含含氮和氯化铝的气体混合物与氧化锆之间的反应产物。
4.权利要求1的切削工具,其中该扩散粘结增强层的厚度为0.25-2.0微米。
5.权利要求1的切削工具,其中该扩散粘结增强层含选自氧化锆、锆的氮化物和铝的氮化物中的至少一种。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中该基底含0.5-45重量%的氧化锆。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中该基底含0.5-26重量%的氧化锆。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中该基底含2-26重量%的氧化锆。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中该基底含9-11重量%的氧化锆。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中该基底含0.3-35重量%的锆。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中该基底含6-20重量%。
12.权利要求2的切削工具,其中该涂层含选自周期表族IIIA、IVB、VB和VIB金属的金属碳化物、金属氮化物、金属硅化物和金属氧化物中的至少一种。
13.权利要求12的切削工具,其中该涂层含选自氮化钛(TiN)、碳氮化钛(TiCN)、氮化钛铝(TiAlN)、氮化钛铝加碳(TiAlN+C)、氮化铝钛(AlTiN)、氮化铝钛加碳(AlTiN+C)、氮化钛铝加碳化钨/碳(TiAlN+WC/C)、氮化铝钛加碳化钨/碳(AlTiN+WC/C)、氧化铝(Al2O3)、二硼化钛(TiB2)、碳化钨碳(WC/C)、氮化铬(CrN)和氮化铝铬(AlCrN)中的至少一种。
14.权利要求2的切削工具,其还含第二涂层。
15.权利要求14的切削工具,其中该第二涂层包含选自周期表族IIIA、IVB、VB和VIB金属的金属碳化物、金属氮化物、金属硅化物和金属氧化物中的至少一种。
16.权利要求15的切削工具,其中该第二涂层包含选自氮化钛(TiN)、碳氮化钛(TiCN)、氮化钛铝(TiAlN)、氮化钛铝加碳(TiAlN+C)、氮化铝钛(AlTiN)、氮化铝钛加碳(AlTiN+C)、氮化钛铝加碳化钨/碳(TiAlN+WC/C)、氮化铝钛加碳化钨/碳(AlTiN+WC/C)、氧化铝(Al2O3)、二硼化钛(TiB2)、碳化钨碳(WC/C)、氮化铬(CrN)和氮化铝铬(AlCrN)中的至少一种。
17.权利要求12的切削工具,其中该涂层的厚度为1-20微米。
18.权利要求15的切削工具,其中该第二涂层的厚度为1-20微米。
19.一种切削工具,其包含:
-基底,其中该基底包含氧化铝和氧化锆;
-中间层,其包含锆的氮化物、氧化锆和铝的氮化物;
-第一耐磨涂层。
20.权利要求19的切削工具,其还包含:
-第二耐磨涂层。
21.权利要求20的切削工具,其中该第一耐磨涂层和该第二耐磨涂层的厚度总共为1-20微米。
22.权利要求21的切削工具,其中该第一耐磨涂层和该第二耐磨涂层独立地含有选自周期表族IIIA、IVB、VB和VIB金属的金属碳化物、金属氮化物、金属硅化物和金属氧化物中的至少一种。
23.权利要求22的切削工具,其中该第一耐磨涂层和该第二耐磨涂层独立地含有选自氮化钛(TiN)、碳氮化钛(TiCN)、氮化钛铝(TiAlN)、氮化钛铝加碳(TiAlN+C)、氮化铝钛(AlTiN)、氮化铝钛加碳(AlTiN+C)、氮化钛铝加碳化钨/碳(TiAlN+WC/C)、氮化铝钛加碳化钨/碳(AlTiN+WC/C)、氧化铝(Al2O3)、二硼化钛(TiB2)、碳化钨碳(WC/C)、氮化铬(CrN)和氮化铝铬(AlCrN)中的至少一种。
24.权利要求21的切削工具,其中还含有第三耐磨涂层。
25.权利要求24的切削工具,其中该第三耐磨涂层含选自周期表族IIIA、IVB、VB和VIB金属的金属碳化物、金属氮化物、金属硅化物和金属氧化物中的至少一种。
26.权利要求25的切削工具,其中该第三耐磨涂层含有选自氮化钛(TiN)、碳氮化钛(TiCN)、氮化钛铝(TiAlN)、氮化钛铝加碳(TiAlN+C)、氮化铝钛(AlTiN)、氮化铝钛加碳(AlTiN+C)、氮化钛铝加碳化钨/碳(TiAlN+WC/C)、氮化铝钛加碳化钨/碳(AlTiN+WC/C)、氧化铝(Al2O3)、二硼化钛(TiB2)、碳化钨碳(WC/C)、氮化铬(CrN)和氮化铝铬(AlCrN)中的至少一种。
27.权利要求24的切削工具,其中该第一耐磨涂层包含氮化钛,该第二耐磨涂层包含碳氮化钛,该第三耐磨涂层包含氮化钛。
28.权利要求27的切削工具,其中该中间层的厚度为0.25-2微米。
29.权利要求28的切削工具,其中该第一耐磨涂层、第二耐磨涂层、第三耐磨涂层中的至少之一是用化学汽相淀积法涂敷的。
30.权利要求29的切削工具,其中氧化锆浓度为0.5-45重量%。
31.一种涂敷切削工具的方法,其包括:
-使基底经受氯化铝和氮的作用,其中该基底包含氧化铝和氧化锆;
-用化学汽相淀积法或物理汽相淀积法中的至少一种对该基底涂敷第一涂层。
32.权利要求31的方法,其中该基底含0.5-45重量%的氧化锆。
33.权利要求32的方法,其中该基底含0.5-26重量%的氧化锆。
34.权利要求33的方法,其中该基底含2-26重量%的氧化锆。
35.权利要求34的方法,其中该基底含0.5-11重量%的氧化锆。
36.权利要求35的方法,其中该基底含9-11重量%的氧化锆。
37.权利要求32的方法,其中使基底经受氯化铝和氮的作用,包括将基底经受含氯化铝和氮的气体混合物的作用。
38.权利要求37的方法,其中该气体混合物的压力为200-1500毫巴。
39.权利要求38的方法,其中该气体混合物的压力为500-1000毫巴。
40.权利要求32的方法,其中该气体混合物的温度为50-1400℃。
41.权利要求40的方法,其中该气体混合物的温度为50-1200℃。
42.权利要求41的方法,其中该气体混合物的温度为500-1200℃。
43.权利要求42的方法,其中该气体混合物的温度为1000-1200℃。
44.权利要求43的方法,其中该气体混合物中的氯化铝浓度为25-99重量%。
45.权利要求44的方法,其中该气体混合物中的氯化铝浓度为75-99重量%。
46.权利要求31的方法,其中用化学汽相淀积法或物理汽相淀积法中的至少之一涂敷该基底,以产生一种包含选自周期表族IIIA、IVB、VB和VIB金属的金属碳化物、金属氮化物、金属硅化物和金属氧化物中的至少之一的涂层。
47.权利要求46的方法,其中该涂层含选自氮化钛(TiN)、碳氮化钛(TiCN)、氮化钛铝(TiAlN)、氮化钛铝加碳(TiAlN+C)、氮化铝钛(AlTiN)、氮化铝钛加碳(AlTiN+C)、氮化钛铝加碳化钨/碳(TiAlN+WC/C)、氮化铝钛加碳化钨/碳(AlTiN+WC/C)、氧化铝(Al2O3)、二硼化钛(TiB2)、碳化钨碳(WC/C)、氮化铬(CrN)和氮化铝铬(AlCrN)中的至少一种。
48.权利要求31的方法,其还包括:
-用化学汽相淀积法或物理汽相淀积法中的至少之一以对该基底涂敷第二涂层。
49.权利要求48的方法,其中对该基底涂敷第二涂层,使该第二涂层包含选自周期表族IIIA、IVB、VB和VIB金属的金属碳化物、金属氮化物、金属硅化物和金属氧化物中的至少一种的涂层。
50.权利要求49的方法,其中该第二涂层包含选自氮化钛(TiN)、碳氮化钛(TiCN)、氮化钛铝(TiAlN)、氮化钛铝加碳(TiAlN+C)、氮化铝钛(AlTiN)、氮化铝钛加碳(AlTiN+C)、氮化钛铝加碳化钨/碳(TiAlN+WC/C)、氮化铝钛加碳化钨/碳(AlTiN+WC/C)、氧化铝(Al2O3)、二硼化钛(TiB2)、碳化钨碳(WC/C)、氮化铬(CrN)和氮化铝铬(AlCrN)中的至少一种。
51.权利要求46的方法,其中该第一涂层的厚度为0.25-20微米。
52.权利要求51的方法,其中该第一涂层的厚度为0.25-5.0微米。
53.权利要求49的方法,其中该总涂层的厚度为1-20微米。
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CN102717137A (zh) * 2012-06-15 2012-10-10 常州液压成套设备厂有限公司 适用于加工高温合金材料的球头铣刀

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US20080057327A1 (en) 2008-03-06
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