CN2829222Y - 无线传输及接收单元 - Google Patents

无线传输及接收单元 Download PDF

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CN2829222Y
CN2829222Y CNU2003201039097U CN200320103909U CN2829222Y CN 2829222 Y CN2829222 Y CN 2829222Y CN U2003201039097 U CNU2003201039097 U CN U2003201039097U CN 200320103909 U CN200320103909 U CN 200320103909U CN 2829222 Y CN2829222 Y CN 2829222Y
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wireless transmission
receiving element
communication
wtru
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高腾·雷迪
伯拉哈卡·季塔布
利昂德·卡萨凯费许
泰瑞莎·亨克勒
雅提·坎德拉
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H04W4/023—Services making use of location information using mutual or relative location information between multiple location based services [LBS] targets or of distance thresholds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/04—Terminal devices adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H04W4/029—Location-based management or tracking services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G01S5/0018—Transmission from mobile station to base station
    • G01S5/0027—Transmission from mobile station to base station of actual mobile position, i.e. position determined on mobile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies

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Abstract

一种无线传输及接收单元，具有收发组件，其是架构以选择性地操作于一基础结构通信模式，藉以与一网络基站进行基础结构模式通信，或者，选择性地操作于一点对点通信模式，藉以与其它无线传输及接收单元进行点对点模式通信。另外，这个无线传输及接收单元亦具有收发控制器，其是基于与一网络基站连结的基础结构模式通信所接收的通信信号进行架构，藉以选择性地控制这个无线传输及接收单元与其它无线传输及接收单元间的点对点模式通信。较佳者，这个收发控制器是架构以控制这些收发组件，藉以基于服务品质准则，切换于基础结构通信模式及点对点通信模式之间。

Description

无线传输及接收单元
技术领域
本实用新型申请案是有关于具有受控传输及接收单元(WTRU)点对点(peer-to-peer)通信的无线通信系统。
背景技术
无线通信系统是熟习本实用新型技术领域的人士所习知。一般而言，这类无线通信系统具有通信站，藉以在各个无线通信系统间传输及接收无线通信信号。根据无线通信系统的类型，通信站通常会具有下列两种类型，亦即：基站(BS)或无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)，其是具有移动单元。
在本实用新型申请案中，基站(BS)的用语是包括、但不限于：基站(BS)、B节点、位置控制器、存取点、或无线环境的其它界面装置，藉以使无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)能够无线存取这个基站(BS)的关连网络。
另外，在本实用新型申请案中，无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的用语是包括、但不限于：使用者设备(UE)、行动台、固定或行动用户单元、传呼器、或能够操作于无线环境的任何类型装置。无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)是包括：个人通信装置，诸如：电话、视讯电话、及具有网络连结的网际网络电话。另外，无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)亦包括：可携式个人计算装置，诸如：个人数字助理(PDA)、及具有类似网络功能的无线调制解调器的笔记型计算机。再者，可携式无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)或能够任意改变位置的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)系统称为移动单元。
通常，在基站(BS)网络中，各个基站(BS)是能够利用适当架构的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)执行同步无线通信。其中，部分无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)是架构以直接在各个基站(BS)间执行无线通信，亦即：不经过基站(BS)以中继至整个网络。通常，这种方法称为点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信。另外，无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)亦可以进行架构，藉以应用于同时具有网络基站(BS)通信功能及点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信功能的复合网络。
已知，某种类型的无线系统，其亦可以称为无线局域网络(WLAN)，是进行架构，藉以利用配备无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)执行无线传输，并且，这些无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器亦可以利用具有类似配备的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)执行点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信。目前，无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器是由制造者整合于各种传统通信装置及计算装置。举例来说，行动电话、个人数字助(PDA)、及膝上型计算机是内建单一或复数无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器。因此，具有无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器的这类无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)间的无线通信需求便会与日俱增。举例来说，配备无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器的个人数字助理的第一使用者可能会想要与配置无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器的行动电话的第二使用者分享数据(诸如：电话薄)，并且，最好能够不经过既有的电信网络。
为达到上述及其它目的，具有单一或复数无线局域网络(WLAN)存取点，亦即：基站(BS)，热门无线局域网络(WLAN)环境通常是根据IEEE 802.11b标准加以建立。通常，这类无线局域网络(WLAN)的无线服务面积是受限于地理面积，俗称为”热门景点(hot spot)”。这类无线通信系统最好是部署于各种位置，诸如：机场、咖啡店、及旅馆，其仅仅包括少数可能例子。另外，这类无线通信网路的存取通常会需要使用者的验证程序。目前，这类无线通信系统的协议是定义于无线局域网络(WLAN)技术领域的各种相关标准内。已知，这类无线通信系统的协议是包括：IEEE 802家族的相关标准。
无线局域网络(WLAN)及其它类型网络的无线通信是利用两种常见方法加以实施，亦即：(1)基础结构模式通信；以及(2)特别模式通信。图1A是表示基础结构模式通信的简单示意图，其中，各个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)是经由一个基站(BS)54进行无线通信，并且，这个基站(BS)54是可以做为网络基础结构16的一个存取点。如图中所示，这个基站(BS)54是可以与无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)18、无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)20、无线传输及接收单(WTRU)22、无线传输及接收单(WTRU)24、及无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)26分别进行无线通信。在图1A中，各个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)之间并不存在直接连接。另外，这些无线通信的协调及同步是利用这个基站(BS)54加以达成。这类无线通信系统的架构亦可以称为无线局域网络(WLAN)的基本服务集合(BSS)。
相对于基础结构模式通信，特别模式通信则可以不透过网络基础结构的使用。特别模式通信是利用点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信加以达成，并且，这类无线通信系统的架构亦可以称为”独立基本服务集合(BSS)”。在特别模式中，两个或复数无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)是可以在彼此间建立直接连接，并且，可以不需要透过另一个协调网络组件(亦即：基站(BS))的使用。图1B是表示特别模式通信的简单示意图。另外，这个网络基础结构并不需要任何存取点。然而，一个基站(BS)亦可以利用特别模式通信的协议进行架构，藉以做为点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信的其它无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)。在这种例子中，一个基站(BS)是可以做为另一个网络或网际网络的桥接电路或路由器。
当一个基站(BS)确实加入特别模式通信的网络时，这个基站(BS)是视为另一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)，并且，通常不会控制无线通信的流动。举例来说，图1B图是表示在特别模式通信的网络中、与无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)18及无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)20进行无线通信的基站(BS)54。在这种情况下，这个基站(BS)并不会控制无线通信的数据流动。
在特别模式通信的网络中，无线通信通常会受限于其它基站(BS)，但是，一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)却可以经由第三者无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)，轻易地与另一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)进行无线通信。举例来说，如图1B所示，在特别模式中，当无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)22及无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)24同时与无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)26进行无线通信时，无线通信是发生于无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)22及无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)24之间。另外，当一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)进行特别模式通信时，这个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)通常会忽略基础结构模式通信的基站(BS)传输。另外，一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)亦需要激活特别模式通信，藉以使其它无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)得以加入。当这些无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)加入特别模式网络时，其它基站(BS)亦需要吸收(assimilate)这些无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的操作参数信息。
激活一特别模式通信网路的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)是选择这个特别模式通信网路的操作参数，诸如：服务集合识别码(SSID)、频道、及信标时序，并且，举例来说，在信标讯框中传输这些参数信息。当无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)加入特别模式通信网路时，这些无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)便会吸收(assimilate)对应的操作参数。在基础结构模式通信中，参数(诸如：服务集合识别码(SSID))通常是利用连接网络基站(BS)的一个网络控制器加以指定。
在一种基于IEEE 802的系统中，这个服务集合识别码(SSID)可以是一个32字符的独特识别码，附加于一无线局域网络(WLAN)的传送封包表头。随后，当一无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)尝试连接一基本服务集合(BSS)或一独立基本服务集合(BSS)时，这个服务集合识别码(SSID)便可以做为密码。这个服务集合识别码(SSID)是足以区别各个无线局域网络(WLAN)，藉以使尝试连接某个特定无线局域网络(WLAN)的所有基站(BS)及所有装置均能够使用相同的服务集合识别码(SSID)。因此，一装置将无法加入某个特定基本服务集合(BSS)，除非这个装置能够提供对应的独特服务集合识别码(SSID)。
在一种基于IEEE 802的系统中，当不止一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)逐渐成为部分特别模式通信网路时，则所有无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)便会将工作随机分派至各个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)，藉以分担信标讯框的传送负担。已知，部分算法，诸如：发言人选举算法(spokesman electionalgorithm)，是可以指定，藉以”选举”某个装置做为特别模式通信网路的主控基站(BS)(亦即：伪基站(BS))，相对于此，其它装置则是从属基站(BS)。
然而，开放的特别模式通信网路却常会出现基本上只能够自行控制的各种问题。举例来说，当大量无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)拥塞于狭小区域时，相互干扰便会明显增加，进而降低所有无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的总处理能力。另外，当过量的特别模式通信的无线装置群聚于某个热门景点的区域时，其是经由某个无线局域网络(WLAN)的基站(BS)提供服务，所有这类装置间的无线通信亦会受到妨碍，因为各种无线通信模式均具有频率、频道、及可用频宽资源的限制。
再者，开放的特别模式网络亦会具有另一个缺点，亦即：这种开放的特别模式通信网路可能会影响无线局域网络(WLAN)经营者的商业模型。本案发明人深刻了解到，若点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信的特别模式通信在没有总体控制及监视的情况下开放，则无线局域网络(WLAN)经营者将会因为无法对无线局域网络(WLAN)的基础结构进行收费、但却仍然必须维持无线局域网络(WLAN)的基础结构(即使并非应用于基础结构模式的无线通信)，而造成大量的营业损失。有鉴于此，本实用新型的主要目的便是提供一种混合操作模式，其中，点对点(peer-to-peer)棤式通信是可以控制及/或监视。
另外，本案发明人亦深刻了解到，这种混合操作模式亦可能会达到其它各种优点。举例来说，一个行动无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)将可以前进至信号品质极差的区域，其中，无线网络通信可能是断断续续的，或者，无线网络通信可能根本不复存在。在这种情况下，本实用新型的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)便可以利用混合操作模式，藉以将无线通信中继至另一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)，其是直接与某个网络基站(BS)进行无线通信。
发明内容
本实用新型是包括一种应用无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的系统，其可以同时具有特别模式通信及基础结构模式通信的操作模式。
根据本实用新型，一种无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)是经由网络基站(BS)以在一无线网络中进行基础结构式通信，以及，与其它这类无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)进行点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信。这种无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)是包括：收发组件，其是架构以选择性地操作于一基础结构通信模式，藉以与一网络基站(BS)进行基础结构式通信，以及，选择性地操作于一点对点(peer-to-peer)通信模式，藉以与其它无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)进行点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信。这些收发组件是可以具有一无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器，藉以与其它无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)进行点对点(peer-to-peer)通信。
另外，这种无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)亦包括：一收发控制器，其是基于与一网络基站(BS)连结的基础结构式通信所接收的通信信号，架构以选择性地控制该无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)与其它无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)间的点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信。较佳者，这个收发控制器是架构以控制这些收发组件，藉以基于服务品质(QoS)准则，切换于基础结构模式通信及点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信之间。
较佳者，该收发控制器是利用点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信选定的预设控制上限加以架构，其是可以基于连结一网络基站(BS)的基础结构式通信所接收的通信信号加以支配。另外，该收发控制器选定的点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信的预设控制上限是可以包括：点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信的一最大周期，以及，点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信的容许数据流量类型的一相关限制。或者，该收发控制器亦可以架构以基于连结一网络基站(BS)的基础结构式通信所接收的设定，控制各个点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信。
通常，该无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)是一移动单元。并且，该收发控制器随后是架构以控制该等收发组件，藉以基于该移动单元的地理位置的一预测，切换于基础结构通信模式及点对点(peer-to-peer)通信模式之间。在这种情况下，该无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)最好能够包括：一全球定位系统(GPS)，用以产生该移动单元的地理位置的该预测。
较佳者，该等收发组件亦可以架构以选择性地作用于一传递模式，藉以在经由基础结构通信模式的一网络基站及经由点对点(peer-to-peer)通信模式的另一无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)间传递一无线通信。在这种情况下，该收发控制器最好是架构以基于服务品质(QoS)准则，控制该等收发组件以作用于该传递模式。
另外，一无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器是可以用来与其它无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)进行点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信。较佳者，该无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的收发组件是基于服务品质(QoS)准则，切换于基础结构通信模式及点对点(peer-to-peer)通信模式之间。另外，这种方法亦包括：基于该无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的地理位置的一预测，将该等收发组件切换于基础结构通信模式及点对点(peer-to-peer)通信模式之间，其中，该无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)是一移动单元。在这种情况下，该无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)最好具有一全球定位系统(GPS)，用以产生该移动单元的地理位置的该预测。
另外，本实用新型亦提供一种无线网络，其是提供连结多模式无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的受控无线通信，如先前所述。这个无线网络是包括：至少一基站(BS)，具有一收发器，其是操作于与多模式无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)连结的一基础结构通信模式。另外，这种无线网络亦具有一控制器，其是经由与一无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)连结的基础结构式通信，选择性地控制控制信号的传输。较佳者，这个控制器是经由与一无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)连结的基础结构式通信，选择性地控制控制信号的传输，藉以基于服务品质(QoS)准则，切换于基础结构通信模式及点对点(peer-to-peer)通信模式之间。
当这些无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)具有预设控制上限时，这个网络控制器最好是架构以提供支配控制信号，藉以支配点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信的选定预设无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)控制上限。当这些无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)具有一无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器，藉以与其它无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)进行点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信时，这个网络控制器是架构以经由连结一无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的基础结构模式通信，选择性地控制控制信号的传输，藉以控制这个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)与其它无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)间的点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信。
当至少部分无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)是移动单元时，这个控制器最好是架构以经由与一移动单元连结的基础结构式通信，选择性地控制控制信号的传输，藉以基于这个移动单元的地理位置的一预测及/或拥塞状态的一预测，控制这个移动单元以切换于基础结构通信模式及点对点(peer-to-peer)通信模式之间。在这种情况下，这个网络可以具有一处理组件，其是基于这个移动单元的传输接收，用以产生这个移动单元的地理位置的一预测。另外，这些无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)亦可以传送测试封包，藉以产生拥塞状态的一预测。
选定的预设控制上限是可以用于点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信。在这种情况下，这些预设控制上限最好是基于这个网络基站(BS)的传输控制信号加以支配。较佳者，点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信的一最大周期，以及，点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信的容许数据流量类型的一相关限制亦可以包含于点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信的预设控制上限。
熟习此发明领域的人士，经由下列说明及所附图式，当能够轻易了解本实用新型的其它目的及优点
附图说明
图1A是表示一种通信系统的简单示意图，其是操作于一种基础结构网络操作模式。
图1B是表示一种通信系统的简单示意图，其是操作于一种特别网络操作模式。
图2是表示一种通信系统的简单示意图，其是操作于一种允许两个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)及一个基站(BS)的混合模式。
图3是表示一种通信系统的简单示意图，其是操作于一种允许数个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)、一个基站(BS)、及各种障碍物的混合模式。
具体实施方式
本实用新型是配所附图式详细说明，其中，类似的图式符号是表示类似的组件。基站(BS)、无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)、及移动单元的用语是具有广泛意义，如先前所述。本实用新型是提供一种无线存取网络，其具有单一或复数网络基站(BS)，藉以提供无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的无线存取服务。另外，本实用新型是特别适别于移动单元，亦即：行动无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)，当这些移动单元进入及/或前进至个别基站所提供的个别地理覆盖范围时。
根据本实用新型，无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)是利用一种点对点(peer-to-peer)通信模式加以架构，并且，最好是能够配备无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器，藉以在类似配备的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)间进行直接的信息交换。这些无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)是可以具有一整合式或安装式的无线局域网络(WLAN)装置，诸如：IEEE 802(b)(WiFi)或蓝芽兼容装置，藉以在彼此间进行无线通信。然而，本实用新型的方法亦可以适用于任何实施点对点(peer-to-peer)通信模式、并具有至少一网络基站(BS)的无线系统。
举例来说，请参考图2，第一使用者31是利用安装式的802.11(b)无线局域网络(WLAN)卡35，操作第一无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)33，诸如：封包个人计算机类型(Packet PC-type)的电话装置。这个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)33是可以经由一基站25而连接至无线电信网络27。这个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)33是经由天线34，藉以与这个基站25进行射频(RF)信号的传送及接收。这个封包个人计算机类型(Packet PC-type)的电话装置33，诚如典型电话装置，是包括一电话薄38的数据库。
另外，如图2所示，第二使用者35是利用内建式的掌上型装置(其具有内建式802.11(b)无线局域网络(WLAN)36)，操作第二无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)37，诸如：行动电话。这个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)37亦可以经由天线39传送及接收的信号，藉以与无线电信网络27进行连接。第二使用者35可能会想要与第一使用者31交谈，或者，可能会想要存取或复制第一无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)33的电话薄38。由于无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)38、37均具有一个无线局域网络(WLAN)调制解调器，并且，亦同时具有一电话网络界面，因此，第一使用者31及第二使用者35便可以利用802.11(b)无线网络、或利用这个无线电信网络27，进行彼此间的点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信40。因此，本实用新型便需要决定欲使用的通信模式类型。
藉由将无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)间的无线通信由基础结构模式通信平移至点对点模式通信，这个无线电信网络27便可以节点大量电信网络资源，进而实现服务容量的增加。另外，这种方法亦可以具有降低界面及/或节省功率的优点，其是利用电池功率的行动无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的重要考量。
根据本实用新型较佳实施例，决定是否绕过通信网路、并改采点对点(peer-to-peer)技术的决定可以利用这些无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)决定，但是，亦可以利用这个无线电信网络决定。另外，这个决定可能会考量各种因素。举例来说，一种决定因素是这些无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)及进行通信的网络基站(BS)间的服务品质(QoS)。就这一点而言，做为决定因素的服务品质(QoS)是具有广泛意义，并且，可以利用数个准测决定，包括：无线信号品质、功率消耗、及/或通信成本。
目前，经由行动网络的无线通信可能会大于经由家庭或办公室局域网络的无线通信，但是，这类局域网络间亦可能会具有变动的成本因素。较佳者，本实用新型的较佳实施例是设定一个服务品质(QoS)临界值，藉以在最低成本的无线通信下，得到想要的无线信号品质。当考量功率消耗时，其是直接相关于行动无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的电池寿命，想要的无线信号品质，其是做为触发信号以切换无线通信，可能会因为相对的成本因素，随着各个局域网络及特别模式网络有所不同。另外，当一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)是做为另一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)模式通信的中继时，这个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的收发控制器的临界值亦可以调整，举例来说，基于可利用电池寿命及无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)自有通信的目前状态。
另外，设定服务品质(QoS)临界值的另一种准测可能是无线通信的类型，举例来说，第一使用者31及第二使用者35间的语音通信，或者，无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)33至无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)37的电话薄数据传输。在部分较佳实施例中，基于是否可以利用单一或两种通信类型，本实用新型亦可以设定不同的服务品质(QoS)临界值。视讯游戏的通信是表示另一种通信类型，其服务品质(QoS)临界值可以设定以优先使用点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信。
在第三代合作计划(3GPP)系统中，服务数据单元(SDU)的大小及优先级亦可以用于其它参数及准测，藉以决定服务品质(QoS)的决定因素临界值。另外，其它参数亦可以包括最大、平均、及支持数据速率；数据延迟；延迟变动；及封包错误。
再者，可以用来决定服务品质(QoS)的决定因素临界值，藉以切换于点对点(peer-to-peer)技术或基础结构网络通信间的另一种可变准测是包括：个别基站(BS)间的距离。配备有全球定位系统(GPS)的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)将可以提供这类数据。或者，距离信息亦可以经由已知的定位技术得到，诸如：到达时间差异(TDOA)、或适应性天线技术，其中，至少有一固定点是已知，诸如：基站(BS)天线的位置。较佳者，各种准则的组合是加以利用，其是包括：在可接受数值范围内，维持无线信号的品质。
再者，可以用来决定服务品质(QoS)的决定因素临界值，藉以切换于点对点(peer-to-peer)技术或基础结构网络通信间的另一种可变准则是包括：单一或复数网络基站(BS)服务的特定地理区域的通信流量。特别是，点对点(peer-to-peer)的信号发送量最好能够具有上限，藉以避免无线局域网络(WLAN)的相互干扰。
在特定地理区域的通信流量的决定可以利用无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)传送小封包至网络基站(BS)以测试拥塞状况，亦即：相互干扰的程度。在特定地理区域内，点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信的切换决定可以至少基于这类测试封包所得到的相互干扰程度。随后，各个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)便可以控制点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信的切换，其最好是基于服务该区域的网络的设定临界值。有鉴于此，这个网络便可以利用目前流量负载做为一种准则，藉以决定切换服务类型的临界值。当流量负载改变时，这个网络的设定临界值亦可能会随着改变。服务相关地理区域的网络基站，随后，会将这些新临界值经由大气界面广播至各个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)，藉以提供无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的收发控制器使用。
图3是表示一种网络环境400的简单示意图，其中，一种混合模式是可以用来延伸网络405的网络基站406的服务区域。有鉴于各种障碍，诸如：射频(RF)不透明墙面408、房屋409、及/或办公大楼411，这个网络基站(BS)406可以利用一光束成形天线407以仅仅服务选定的地理区域401、403，藉以使这些区域成为经由基站(BS)406的网络基础结构式通信的”热门景点”。即使未利用光束成形天线407，这些区域401、403及其它未阻碍区域，由于这些干涉障碍，亦可能是具有特定服务的可接受无线信号品质的少数区域。在这类网络环境400中，位于障碍区域(诸如：墙面408)的一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)402可能无法与无线电信网络405进行基础结构模式通信，而另一个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)404，其是与基站(BS)天线407大约等距离，则可以与无线电信网络405进行基础结构模式通信。另外，一个障碍物，诸如：无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)410及无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)402间的墙面408，亦可能成为特别网络模式通信的阻碍。利用习知系统，无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)402，当位于图3所示的位置时，将无法与无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)410进行任何模式的无线通信。然而，利用本实用新型的混合模式，无线通信则可以利用无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)404做为中继。
由于无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)402并没有位于与无线网络405能够直接进行基础结构模式通信的地理位置，因此，当这个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)402想要与无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)410进行无线通信时，这个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)402必须传送一信标信号以表示与这个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)410的识别码建立特别模式通信的请求，藉以首先尝试直接与这个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)410建立特别模式通信。由于障碍墙面408的存在，这种尝试，在图3的情况下，将会失败。这种通信失败可以利用预定次数的连接失败来表示。随后，这个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)402便可以切换至混合模式。根据使用者偏好，这个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)402可以架构以自动发生这个切换动作，或者，经由使用者的介入。
根据本实用新型的较佳实施例，这个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)402可以传送一个信标信号以表示请求与目前执行基础结构模式通信的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)建立连接的参数，以及表示这个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)识别码以搜寻通信的一个参数，进而激活一混合特别模式网络。”加入”这个混合特别模式网络的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)将会经由基础结构模式连接，将识别码参数传送至这个无线网络，其接着会尝试与识别的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)建立基础结构模式通信。
在图3所示的例子中，无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)402是与无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)404激活一混合特别模式网络，其是经由与基站406的基础结构模式通信，将无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)410的识别码传递至网络405。随后，这个网络405便会利用习知方式，经由基站或关连网络，尝试与识别的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)进行通信，如习知技术所示。在图3所示的例子中，由于无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)410是位于基站(BS)406的热门景点，因此，网络405将会发现无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)410，并与无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)410建立基础结构模式通信。无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)402及无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)410间的通信主体是利用无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)404做为中继，同时利用特别模式通信及基础结构模式通信进行传送，其中，无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)404会视情况需要，在这两种通信模式间适当地转换主体通信数据的协议及格式。较佳者，架构为混合模式通信的所有无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)均会具有适当的转换处理电路，并且，其操作将会无视于无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的使用者。
再者，除了组合特别模式通信及基础结构模式通信的混合模式以外，无线局域网络(WALN)的特别模式最好能够具有某些限制、网络控制、或其组合。本实用新型已观察到，未受控制的点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信可能会对无线局域网络(WLAN)经营者产生负面影响。另外，未受控制的特别模式通信亦会对网络安全造成危害，诸如：恶意使用者可能会将无用的数据传输充斥于特定通信区域，进而影响通信资源的合法利用。因此，特别模式及/或混合特别模式应具有单一或更多种控制限制。
并且，这类限制并不见得要透过网络控制方式达成，并且，亦可以程序于无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的特别模式点对点(peer-to-peer)通信模式的架构中。这类限制的例子是包括：限制特别模式通信于特定数目的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)、限制这类通信的最大数目、及限制点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信的数据流量类型。另外，想要的限制最好能够程序为无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的默认值，并且，最好能够允许网络去支配这些默认值。
支配限制默认值是特别模式通信的一种网络控制。或者，理解式网络控制亦可以实施，藉以要求无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的特别模式通信的网络许可。通常，当特别模式网络的至少一无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)亦与网络进行无线通信时，这类网络控制是激活状态。较佳者，这类无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)是称为特别模式网络的”主控”无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)，其可以将”主控”指定由未与控制网络进行通信的激活无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)平均至另一个特别模式通信的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)。随后，这个”主控”无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)便可以轻易地将特别模式网络的统计数据，诸如：连接长度、连接无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的识别码、连接类型等等，回报给控制网络。
网络控制特别模式通信的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的优点是，这个网络可以利用无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)做为网络资源，进而增加整体的网络通信容量。另外，当无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)亦与网络进行无线通信时，这个网络亦可以针对特别模式服务或加强服务进行追踪及/或收费。
当网络监视特别模式通信准测(诸如：无线信号品质及/或无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)分开距离)时，若两无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)是位于网络基站(BS)的范围内，如图2所示，则这个网络亦可以将两个无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)间的通信由特别模式通信切换至基础结构模式通信。当组合网络能力以监视整体通信流量时，这个网络选择性切换无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)通信模式的能力便可以提供一种有效配置网络资源的工具，并且，维持个别通信的想要无线信号品质。
这类混合及受控特别模式是特别适用于配备无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)的无线局域网络(WLAN)，其是利用IEEE 802.11技术以执行点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信，但是，亦可以利用其它类型点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信系统的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)。另外，这种控制网络亦可以根据IEEE 802.11b标准，架构为利用基础结构模式存取点基站(BS)的无线局域网络(WLAN)。然而，本实用新型亦可以实施于各种无线通信网络系统，诸如：分时双工(TDD)或分频双工(FDD)无线电话系统，其中，与网络基站(BS)进行通信的无线传输及接收单元(WTRU)亦能够执行点对点(peer-to-peer)模式通信。

Claims (10)

1.一种无线传输及接收单元，经由网络基站以在一无线网络中进行基础结构式通信，以及，与其它这类无线传输及接收单元进行点对点模式通信，其特征在于，该无线传输及接收单元包括：
基础结构收发组件，其是架构以与一网络基站进行通信；
点对点收发组件，其是架构以与其它无线传输及接收单元进行通信；以及
收发控制器，耦接于该点对点收发组件，并架构以基于所述基础结构收发组件从一网络基站所接收的通信信号而选择性地控制该点对点收发组件与其它无线传输及接收单元间的点对点通信。
2.如权利要求1所述的无线传输及接收单元，其特征在于，所述收发控制器是利用所述点对点收发组件的点对点通信选定的预设控制界限而加以架构，其是可以基于所述基础结构收发组件从一网络基站所接收的通信信号而加以支配。
3.如权利要求2所述的无线传输及接收单元，其特征在于，该收发控制器选定的所述点对点收发组件的点对点通信的预设控制界限包括：所述点对点收发组件的点对点通信的一最大周期的一预设控制限制，以及所述点对点收发组件的点对点通信的容许数据流量类型的一相关限制的一预设控制限制。
4.如权利要求1所述的无线传输及接收单元，其特征在于，所述点对点收发组件包括，
无线局域网络调制解调器，藉以与其它无线传输及接收单元进行点对点模式通信。
5.如权利要求1所述的无线传输及接收单元，其特征在于，该收发控制器是架构以基于服务品质准则而在所述基础结构收发组件的基础结构通信及所述点对点收发组件的点对点通信之间进行切换。
6.如权利要求1所述的无线传输及接收单元，其特征在于，该无线传输及接收单元是一移动单元，并且，该收发控制器是架构以基于该移动单元的地理位置的预测，而在所述基础结构收发组件的基础结构通信及所述点对点收发组件的点对点通信之间进行切换。
7.如权利要求6所述的无线传输及接收单元，其特征在于，更包括：
全球定位系统，其是架构以产生该移动单元的地理位置的该预测。
8.如权利要求1所述的无线传输及接收单元，其特征在于，所述收发组件是架构以在经由所述基础结构收发组件的一网络基站及经由所述点对点收发组件的另一无线传输及接收单元间传递一通信。
9.如权利要求1所述的无线传输及接收单元，其特征在于，该收发控制器是架构以基于所述基础建设收发组件从一网络基站所接收的设定，控制所述点对点收发组件
10.如权利要求1所述的无线传输及接收单元，其特征在于，该收发控制器是利用该点对点收发组件的点对点通信选定的预设控制界限而加以架构。
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