CN85108571B - 处理熔化金属的旋转装置、设备和方法 - Google Patents
处理熔化金属的旋转装置、设备和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
将气体分布于熔化金属中的旋转装置,包括一个中空轴和一个固接在该轴上的转子,其特征是,该转子是中空的,并且有:(1)若干叶片,每一叶片从该轴附近向转子外圆延伸,因此,中空转子内部被分成若干室;(2)在转子的顶部或底部靠近该轴的至少一个孔和在转子外圆表上的至少一个孔,因此,当转子旋转时,熔化金属通过顶部或底部的一个或多个孔,进入每一该室,并通过外圆面上的一个或多个孔向外流出。
Description
本发明有关将气体分布于熔化金属内将其进行处理的旋转装置、设备和方法。该装置、设备和方法对于处理诸如铝及其合金、镁及其合金、铜及其合金以及黑色金属等各种熔化金属是非常有价值的,特别是对于处理熔化铝及其合金以便去除氢和固体杂质,它们是非常有价值的,下面将对其进行介绍。
众所周知,由于与氢气孔有关的缺陷的影响,在用铝及其合金生产铸件及锻件时,可能遇到相当大的困难,例如,在生产铝合金板、铝合金薄片及其条带的过程中,就可能产生气孔,在轧制铝板之后对其进行退火或固溶热处理的过程中出现在板上的那些气孔,一般说来,是由于氢气分散于金属的空穴和断续处(例如有氧化杂质)而产生的,并且在退火温度下膨胀可使金属变形,其它缺陷可能与氢气存在于诸如铸件气孔中有关。
为除掉氢气和固体杂质,一般的作法是注以大量的诸如氯、氩、氮或这些气体的混合物,来对熔化铝和其合金进行处理。
根据本发明,将气体分散于熔化金属的旋转装置包括一个中空的轴和一个与该轴固结在一起的中空转子,该转子有:
1)若干叶片,每一叶片从轴处,或说靠近轴处向外延伸至转子的外圆周处,因此,转子的中空内部被分成若干室;
2)在转子的顶部或底部靠近轴处的至少一个孔,和在转子外圆面上的至少一个孔,因此,当转子旋转时,熔化金属可经过在顶部或底部的一个孔或多个孔进入每一室,并且经过外圆面上的一个孔或多个孔向外流出;
3)从中空轴的内部向每一该室延伸的为流通气体而设的至少一个导管。
本发明的另一特点是处理熔化金属的设备包括一个熔锅和将气体散布于盛在该熔锅内的熔化金属中的旋转装置,该旋转装置包括一个轴和一个固定在该轴上的中空转子,该转子有:
1)若干叶片,每一叶片从该轴处或靠近该轴处向转子外圆周延伸,因此,中空转子内部被分成若干室;
2)在转子顶部或底部靠近轴处的至少一个孔和在转子外圆面上的至少一个孔,因此,当转子旋转时,熔化金属可经过顶部或底部的一个或多个孔进入每一室,并可经过外圆表上的一个孔或多个孔向外流出;
3)从中空轴内部向每一该室延伸以便流通气体的至少一个导管。
本发明的另一特点包括利用上述的旋转装置将气体布于盛在熔锅中的熔化金属里来处理熔化金属的方法。
旋转装置的转子可以单独制成,然后与该轴固定在一起,或者与该轴做成一个整体。
转子的横截面最好是圆形的,以便减少旋转装置旋转时在熔化金属中的阻力,还便于使转子的整个重量尽可能的轻。
转子可有两个或多个叶片,因此有两个或多个室,至少希望用三个叶片和三个室,而实际上,发现数目为四是较为方便的;叶片最好从轴处(它们可与轴连接在一起,或者与其做成整体)向转子外圆处延伸;叶片相对于轴可径向延伸,也可切向延伸;虽然转子可有若干孔,沿其靠近轴处的顶部表面或低部表面分布,但采用一个环形孔是很方便的。
最好靠近该轴的一个孔或多个孔处于转子的顶部,而不是在其底部;也可在转子的顶部和底部都布有一个孔或多个孔。
虽然在转子外圆面上,对应着转子的一个室,可有不止一个孔,但最好是对应每一室有一个孔,其从一个叶片的一端延伸到另一叶片的一端。当叶片不完全延伸至转子的圆周时,其外圆面可有一个围绕圆周的孔。
若希望的话,从中空轴穿过轴壁至每一室的气体导管可有不止一个,但实际上已发现,每一室有一个导管是令人满意的。
在使用中,该轴或者通过驱动轴与驱动装置连接,或者通过在轴的顶部直接与驱动装置连接,或者通过在轴底部的转子底与驱动装置连接,并且将该旋转装置浸于盛有欲于其中散布气体的熔化金属熔锅中。当该装置旋转时,熔化金属经过转子顶部或底部的一个孔或多个孔被吸入室内,并经过外圆面上的一个或多个孔从室流出,因此,经该转子循环;中空轴的内部与一个气源相通,气体通过该轴后再通过导管进入转子的室中,进入转子室的熔化金属使从导管出来的气流破碎成大量的非常小的气泡,这些气泡与熔化金属紧密混合,然后,熔化金属经过转子外圆周上的一个或多个孔流出转子,结果,气体便分布于盛于熔锅内的整个熔化金属体中。
从转子出来进入熔化金属体的溶化金属和气体的流动形式由转子内的几何图形确定,在实际当中,最好将该装置尽量靠近熔锅的底部放置,使从转子出来的熔化金属和气体基本是水平方向流动,例如使转子底部整个上表面或边缘呈水平方向,也可以使转子顶部内侧边缘呈水平方向而达到上述的水平流动方向的目的。
本发明的旋转装置为使气流变成气泡分布于熔化金属并使其布于整个一个大的熔化金属体中提供了一个非常有效的措施,该装置的突出优点是它不需要某些旋转装置所用的定子,与其它装置比较,该装置也改善了气体在熔化金属中的分布,因为较大量的熔化金属通过转子并在中空转子内与气体接触,并在它们从转子出来以前已混合在一起。
旋转装置可由与熔化金属不起化学变化的石墨、碳化硅或陶瓷材料做成。
本发明的方法和设备中所用的熔锅可以是利用分批法来处理熔化金属所用的桶,或者它有一种特殊结构,在其中,熔化金属可被连续地进行处理。
熔锅最好有盖,以避免其中所盛熔化金属与大气产生接触,并且其横截面最好是圆形的。
当设备被用来连续处理熔化金属时,其熔锅可包括一个输入通道、一个处理室、一个输出通道,该处理室可有一个挡板,熔化金属从挡板下面通过后再到达输出通道。处理室可有一顶孔或有一翻转装置,以便需要停止连续过程时,例如从一种合金换成另一种合金时,便可使处理室倒空,作为一种替换办法,也可利用泵出的办法去掉熔化金属,这些方法可避免在整个过程中进行清洗。
希望设备有加热熔化金属的装置,以便在处理过程中,使金属保持在适当温度下。此时愿意采用浸设加热器,并最好将它们置于靠近熔锅壁的位置,以便它们也可用作挡板,从而防止旋转装置在熔化金属中旋转时形成涡流。
特别重要的是,当所设计的设备欲连续使用时,希望加一个过滤器,当金属流出熔锅时要经过它,这样,当熔化金属用气体处理时仍未除掉的任何外来杂质,可由过滤器除掉。
可将旋转装置装于一个架子上,使得它能从熔化金属中抬出来,以便能维护转子,并且转子驱动装置的安装架也可用作悬臂起重装置的支承件,以便移去熔锅的盖来进行修理保养工作。
现在参照附图,以举例方式对本发明加以说明,其中:
图1是本发明旋转装置的侧视图;
图2是图1中旋转装置的俯视图;
图3是图2YY-YY面剖视图;
图4是图3XX-XX面剖视图;
图5是包括图1所示旋转装置的本发明用于连续处理熔化铝设备的缩小纵剖面图;
图6是图5所示设备的俯视图,但不带盖。
图7和图8与图3所示转子相似,其是本发明装置的另一实例。
请参阅各图,将气体分散于熔化铝中的旋转装置包括一个中空轴(1)和与轴(1)一端(3)结成整体的中空转子(2),与轴(1)呈切向布置并与轴(1)结成整体的四个叶片(4),从轴(1)向外延伸到转子(2)的圆周(5),因此,将轴子(2)的中空腔分成完全相同的四个室。转子(2)的顶部(7)有靠近轴(1)的一个环形孔(8),转子(2)的外圆面(9)有四个长孔(10),每个孔从一个叶片(4)的端部(11)延伸到另一叶片(4)的端部(11),轴(1)有流通气体的四个导管(12),每一导管穿过轴(1)的壁,并与轴(1)的中空内部及一个室(6)相通。
轴(1)与一个中空驱动轴(11)的下端连接,而中空驱动轴(11)的上端与诸如一台电机(未示出)的驱动装置连接,轴的中空内部(13)通过中空驱动轴(11)与一个气源(未示出)相通。
旋转装置位于一个具有耐火材料衬的熔锅(15)内,而熔锅(15)有:一个输入通道(16)、一个处理室(17)、一个输出通道(18)和一个盖(19)。处理室(17)有径向靠近其壁(21)的三个浸没式加热器(20)和向其底部(23)延伸并靠近输出通道(18)的一个挡板(22)。输出通道(18)有一个多孔性陶瓷性过滤器(24)。
在使用中,熔化金属连续不断地经过输入通道(16)进入熔锅(15),再通过处理室(17),最后经输出通道(18)排出。
旋转装置在盛于处理室(17)的熔化铝中旋转,气体经过轴(1)进入,再通过导管(12)进入中空转子(2)的室(6)中。当旋转装置旋转时,铝经过环形孔(8)被吸入室(6)中,在环形孔(8)处,铝将出自导管(12)的气流打碎,使其变成很小的气泡,这些气泡紧密地与铝混合,并随铝经转子外圆面9上的孔10流出转子(2),从而分布于整个铝液中,因此,气体与盛于处理室(17)中的铝密切接触,因而溶解的氢和杂质被排除掉。
经处理后,铝从挡板(22)下面通过,流出处理室(17),进入输出通道(18)。在其经过输出通道(18)时,仍可能存在的非金属杂质由多孔陶瓷过滤器(24)滤掉。
浸没加热器(20)不仅用来使处理室(17)中的铝保持在所需的温度范围内,而且还起挡板的作用,来克服旋转装置在铝中产生涡流的趋势。因为加热器可持续浸没于铝中,其因热冲击造成的故障率就降低了。
下述各实例可用来对本发明加以解释:
与上述附图中所示的旋转装置相似的四个石墨旋转装置,每一个均可利用分批分散氩气法来处理处于750℃的750公斤的熔化铝。在每种情况下,在处理过程的前后,确定铝的氢含量。转子的数据及处理条件及结果的数据列表如下:
转子号码 1 2 3 4
转子直径(毫米) 175 295 295 295
转子高度(毫米) 60 120 130 120
叶片数 4 4 4 4
叶片型式 切向 切向 径向 切向
输入孔面积(厘米2) 8.2 20.3 8.7 20.3
输出孔面积(厘米2) 16.5 41.8 38.0 41.8
室体积(厘米3) 95 670 680 670
气体导管数量 4 4 4 8
气体导管直径 1 1 1 1
(毫米)
转速(转数/分钟) 400 280 380 280
气流量(标准升/ 20 35 35 35
分钟)
在下列时间后铝的含氢
量(厘米3/100克)
0分钟 0.20 0.38 0.23 0.26
2分钟 - 0.21 0.11 0.10
5分钟 - 0.20 0.06 -
7分钟 0.08 - - -
8分钟 - 0.15 - -
Claims (25)
1、将气体分布于熔化金属中的旋转装置包括一个中空轴(1)和一个固定连接在该轴上的转子(2),其特征是,该转子(2)是中空的,并且有:
1)若干叶片(4),每一叶片从轴(1)或靠近轴(1)处向转子(2)的外圆周(5)延伸,因此,中空的转子(2)的内部分成若干室(6);
2)在转子(2)的顶部(7)或底部靠近轴(1)处的至少一个孔(8)和在转子(2)的外圆面(9)上的至少一个孔(10);
3)从中空轴(1)的内部向每一该室(6)延伸的为流通气体而设的至少一个导管(12)。
2、根据权利要求1所述的旋转装置,其特征是,转子(2)与轴(1)单独制成,并与其固定在一起。
3、根据权利要求1所述的旋转装置,其特征是,转子(2)与轴(1)制成一个整体。
4、根据权利要求1所述的旋转装置,其特征是,转子(2)的横截面是圆形。
5、根据权利要求1所述的旋转装置,其特征是,叶片(4)与轴连结在一起或与其构成一个整体。
6、根据权利要求1所述的旋转装置,其特征是,叶片(4)沿径向延伸。
7、根据权利要求1所述的旋转装置,其特征是,叶片(4)沿轴(1)的切向延伸。
8、根据权利要求1所述的旋转装置,其特征是,在转子(2)的顶部(7)或底部靠近轴(1)的地方有一个环形孔(8)。
9、根据权利要求1所述的旋转装置,其特征是,转子(2)的外圆面(9)上对应每一个室有一个长孔(10),其从一个叶片(4)的一端(11)延伸到另一叶片(4)的一端。
10、根据权利要求1所述的旋转装置,其特征是,该装置由不与熔化金属发生化学反应的石墨,碳化硅或陶瓷材料制成。
11、处理熔化金属的设备,包括一个熔锅(15)和一个将气体分布在盛于该熔锅内的熔化金属里的旋转装置,该装置包括一个中空轴(1)和一个与该轴(1)固定连接的转子(2),其特征是,该转子(2)是中空的,并且有:
1)若干叶片(4),每一叶片从轴(1)处或从轴(1)附近处向转子(2)的外圆周(5)延伸,因此,中空的转子(2)的内部被分成若干室(6);
2)在转子(2)的顶部或底部靠近轴(1)处的至少一个孔(8)和在转子(2)的外圆面上的至少一个孔(10);
3)从中空轴(1)的内部(3)向每一该室(6)延伸以便流通气体而设的至少一个导管(12)。
12、根据权利要求11所述的设备,其特征是,该熔锅是一个桶。
13、根据权利要求11所述的设备,其特征是,该熔锅包括一个输入通道(16)、一个处理室(17)和一个输出通道(18)。
14、根据权利要求13所述的设备,其特征是,该处理室(17)有一个挡板(22)。
15、根据权利要求11所述的设备,其特征是,熔锅(15)有一个或多个浸没加热器(20)。
16、根据权利要求15所述的设备,其特征是,该浸没加热器(20)的位置靠近熔锅(15)的壁(21)。
17、根据权利要求13所述的设备,其特征是,该输出通道(18)有一过滤器(24)。
18、处理熔化金属的一种方法,其特征是,该方法包括利用权利要求1~10中任一权利要求所述的旋转装置,将气体分布在盛于熔锅内的熔化金属中。
19、根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征是,该气体是氩。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8430195 | 1984-11-29 | ||
GB8430194 | 1984-11-29 | ||
GB848430195A GB8430195D0 (en) | 1984-11-29 | 1984-11-29 | Treating molten metal |
GB848430194A GB8430194D0 (en) | 1984-11-29 | 1984-11-29 | Rotary device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN85108571A CN85108571A (zh) | 1986-05-10 |
CN85108571B true CN85108571B (zh) | 1988-07-06 |
Family
ID=26288506
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN85108571A Expired CN85108571B (zh) | 1984-11-29 | 1985-11-20 | 处理熔化金属的旋转装置、设备和方法 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4634105A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0183402B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN85108571B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU566659B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8506007A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1256694A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3564449D1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES8702503A1 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO164112C (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ214256A (zh) |
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-
1985
- 1985-11-04 EP EP85307973A patent/EP0183402B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-11-04 DE DE8585307973T patent/DE3564449D1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-11-12 US US06/797,022 patent/US4634105A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-11-19 CA CA000495625A patent/CA1256694A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-11-20 NZ NZ214256A patent/NZ214256A/en unknown
- 1985-11-20 CN CN85108571A patent/CN85108571B/zh not_active Expired
- 1985-11-26 AU AU50386/85A patent/AU566659B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-11-28 NO NO854786A patent/NO164112C/no unknown
- 1985-11-29 ES ES549435A patent/ES8702503A1/es not_active Expired
- 1985-11-29 BR BR8506007A patent/BR8506007A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN107599169A (zh) * | 2016-01-30 | 2018-01-19 | 许明远 | 保温墙板混料同步搅拌器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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NO164112B (no) | 1990-05-21 |
DE3564449D1 (en) | 1988-09-22 |
EP0183402A2 (en) | 1986-06-04 |
AU5038685A (en) | 1986-06-05 |
CA1256694A (en) | 1989-07-04 |
CN85108571A (zh) | 1986-05-10 |
NO854786L (no) | 1986-05-30 |
NO164112C (no) | 1990-08-29 |
EP0183402A3 (en) | 1986-09-03 |
ES8702503A1 (es) | 1986-12-16 |
EP0183402B1 (en) | 1988-08-17 |
NZ214256A (en) | 1987-01-23 |
US4634105A (en) | 1987-01-06 |
BR8506007A (pt) | 1986-08-19 |
AU566659B2 (en) | 1987-10-29 |
ES549435A0 (es) | 1986-12-16 |
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