DE10328289B3 - Working medium for steam cycle processes - Google Patents
Working medium for steam cycle processes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE10328289B3 DE10328289B3 DE10328289A DE10328289A DE10328289B3 DE 10328289 B3 DE10328289 B3 DE 10328289B3 DE 10328289 A DE10328289 A DE 10328289A DE 10328289 A DE10328289 A DE 10328289A DE 10328289 B3 DE10328289 B3 DE 10328289B3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- working medium
- water
- heterocyclic
- methylpyridine
- steam cycle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/10—Liquid materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/20—Antifreeze additives therefor, e.g. for radiator liquids
Abstract
Ein Dampfkreisprozess mit einem Dampferzeuger, in welchem thermische Energie auf ein Arbeitsmedium übertragbar ist und einer Kraftmaschine, in welcher die in dem Arbeitsmedium enthaltene thermische Energie in mechanische Arbeit umwandelbar ist, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Arbeitsmedium wenigstens eine heterozyklische Verbindung, insbesondere eine heterozyklische aromatische Verbindung, zum Beispiel 2-Methylpyridin, 3-Methylpyridin, Pyridin, Pyrrol und/oder Pyridazin enthält. Das Arbeitsmedium kann zusätzlich ein oder mehrere mit Wasser mischbare Polymere, zum Beispiel Polyethylenglykol oder ein Polyphenyl, insbesondere Terphenyl, tensidische und/oder sonstige organische Schmiermittel enthalten.A steam cycle with a steam generator, in which thermal energy is transferable to a working medium and an engine, in which the thermal energy contained in the working medium is convertible into mechanical work, is characterized in that the working medium at least one heterocyclic compound, in particular a heterocyclic aromatic Compound, for example, 2-methylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine, pyridine, pyrrole and / or pyridazine. The working medium may additionally comprise one or more water-miscible polymers, for example polyethylene glycol or a polyphenyl, in particular terphenyl, surface-active and / or other organic lubricants.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hilfsaggregat für Kraftfahrzeuge, enthaltend einen Dampfkreisprozess mit einem Dampferzeuger, in welchem thermische Energie auf ein Arbeitsmedium übertragbar ist und einer Kraftmaschine, in welcher die in dem Arbeitsmedium enthaltene thermische Energie in mechanische Arbeit umwandelbar ist. Die Kraftmaschine kann eine Expansionsmaschine sein, in welcher das Arbeitsmedium unter Leistung von Arbeit entspannt wird.The The invention relates to an auxiliary power unit for motor vehicles, comprising a steam cycle with a steam generator in which thermal energy transferable to a working medium and an engine, in which the in the working medium contained thermal energy convertible into mechanical work is. The engine may be an expansion engine in which the working medium is relaxed under performance of work.
Üblicherweise wird der Dampferzeuger von einem Wärmeübertrager gebildet, durch welchen ein Arbeitsmedium zur Aufnahme von Wärme leitbar ist. Das Arbeitsmedium liegt in Form eines Fluids vor. Das Fluid, beispielsweise Wasser oder Wasserdampf, wird durch einen oder mehrere Kanäle geleitet, der von einem Heißgasstrom umströmt ist. Der Heißgasstrom kann das heiße Rauchgas eines Brenners sein, bei dem Brennstoff exotherm verbrannt wird. Beim Umströmen der fluiddurchstömten Kanäle wird Wärme auf das Fluid übertragen, wobei dieses verdampft und überhitzt wird. Es hat bei Verlassen des Dampferzeugers ein hohes Druck- und Temperaturniveau in der Größenordnung von einigen hundert °C.Usually the steam generator is formed by a heat exchanger through which a working medium for receiving heat can be conducted. The working medium is in the form of a fluid. The fluid, for example water or steam, is passed through one or more channels, that of a hot gas stream flows around is. The hot gas stream can that be hot Be flue gas of a burner in which fuel is exothermally burned. When flowing around the fluid flowed through Channels becomes Heat up transfer the fluid, this evaporates and overheats becomes. It has a high pressure and leaving the steam generator Temperature level in the order of magnitude from a few hundred ° C.
In der Expansionsmaschine, zum Beispiel einer Hub- oder Rotationskolbenmaschine, wird das Arbeitsmedium von dem hohen ersten Druckniveau auf ein niedrigeres zweites Druckniveau unter Arbeitsleistung expandiert. Dabei treibt der Kolben eine Welle an,In the expansion machine, for example a reciprocating or rotary piston machine, The working fluid is from the high first pressure level on lower second pressure level expanded under work performance. The piston drives a shaft,
Durch
die geringe, maximal mögliche
Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Dampf und Kondensat ist bei der Verwendung
von Speisewasser als Arbeitsmedium der Wirkungsgrad gering. Daher
wird bei solchen Anlagen das Wasser durch ein organisches Arbeitsmedium
ersetzt. Die zum Beispiel in der
Aus
der
Aus
der
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Hilfsaggregat zu schaffen, der bei hohem Wirkungsgrad ohne zusätzlichen Energiebedarf frostsicher arbeitet und eine gute Schmierung gewährleistet.It The object of the invention to provide an auxiliary unit, the at high efficiency without additional Energy requirement works frost-free and ensures good lubrication.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass das Arbeitsmedium wenigstens eine heterozyklische Verbindung, insbesondere eine heterozyklische aromatische Verbindung enthält und das Arbeitsmedium zusätzlich ein oder mehrere mit Wasser mischbare Polymere, tensidische und/oder sonstige organische Schmiermittel enthält. Durch den Zusatz einer heterozyklischen, aromatischen Verbindung kann weiterhin bei hohen Temperaturen und mit Wasser gearbeitet werden. Der Gefrierpunkt wird jedoch soweit herabgesetzt, dass die Anlage auch bei Temperaturen unterhalb 0 °C arbeiten kann. Je nach gewünschtem Gefrierpunkt kann dann mehr oder weniger zugesetzt werden. Vorzugsweise ist das Arbeitsmedium ein Gemisch, welches Wasser und heterozyklische aromatische Verbindungen enthält, wobei das Wasser in einer Menge zwischen 5 und 95 Gew.-% und die heterozyklischen Verbindungen in einer Menge zwischen 5 und 95 Gew.-% vorliegen.According to the invention Task solved by that the working medium at least one heterocyclic compound, in particular a heterocyclic aromatic compound and the working medium additionally one or more water-miscible polymers, surface-active and / or Contains other organic lubricants. By the addition of a heterocyclic, aromatic compound may continue at high Temperatures and to work with water. The freezing point However, it is reduced so much that the system even at temperatures below 0 ° C can work. Depending on the desired Freezing point can then be more or less added. Preferably the working medium is a mixture which is water and heterocyclic contains aromatic compounds, wherein the water in an amount between 5 and 95 wt .-% and the heterocyclic compounds in an amount between 5 and 95% by weight available.
Die meisten heterozyklischen Verbindungen sind im Gegensatz zu einfachen aromatischen Verbindungen gut mit Wasser mischbar und erlauben daher bei Bedarf auch höhere Konzentrationen an zugesetzten Substanzen. Sie weisen eine hohe thermische Stabilität und Dauerhaltbarkeit auf. Das bedeutet, dass sie sich bei den hohen Temperaturen in der Dampfphase nicht zersetzen. Dadurch werden Ablagerungen vermieden.The Most heterocyclic compounds are in contrast to simple ones aromatic compounds miscible well with water and therefore allow if necessary, higher Concentrations of added substances. They have a high thermal stability and durability. This means that they are at the high Do not decompose vapor-phase temperatures. This will cause deposits avoided.
Wenn Verbindungen ausgewählt werden, deren Siedepunkt in einer ähnlichen Größenordnung wie bei Wasser liegt, wird eine Entmischung im Verdampfer oder Kondensator des Kreisprozesses mit der damit verbundenen verringerten Wirksamkeit vermieden. Auch führt ein zu geringer Siedepunkt des Arbeitsfluids zu Problemen bei der Kondensation. Ein zu hoher Siedepunkt verringert die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Dampf und Kondensat. Das bedeutet gleichzeitig, dass sich der Wirkungsgrad verringert.When compounds are selected whose boiling point is similar to that of water, segregation in the evaporator or condenser of the cyclic process is avoided, with the associated reduced efficiency. Also leads to a low boiling point of the working fluid to problems in the Kondensati on. Too high a boiling point reduces the temperature difference between steam and condensate. At the same time this means that the efficiency is reduced.
Das heterozyklische Atom ist vorzugsweise Stickstoff, Sauerstoff oder Schwefel. Das Arbeitsmedium enthält in einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung 2-Methylpyridin, 3-Methylpyridin, Pyridin, Pyrrol und/oder Pyridazin als heterozyklische Verbindung. Diese haben geeignete Siedepunkte und sind bis zu sehr hohen Temperaturen thermisch stabil. Alternativ können auch Perfluorkohlenwasserstoffe mit Zersetzungstemperaturen zwischen 420°C und 480°C eingesetzt werden. Diese haben jedoch einen negativen Effekt auf die Ozonschicht der Erde (Treibhauseffekt) und sind daher aus nichttechnischen Gründen nicht besonders geeignet.The heterocyclic atom is preferably nitrogen, oxygen or Sulfur. The working medium contains in a particularly preferred embodiment 2-methylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine, Pyridine, pyrrole and / or pyridazine as a heterocyclic compound. These have suitable boiling points and are up to very high temperatures thermally stable. Alternatively you can also perfluorocarbons with decomposition temperatures between 420 ° C and 480 ° C used become. However, these have a negative effect on the ozone layer the earth (greenhouse effect) and are therefore not for non-technical reasons particularly suitable.
Durch den Zusatz heterozyklischer Verbindungen zu Wasser wird die Viskosität der Mischungen gegenüber den reinen Substanzen erhöht. Das Arbeitsmedium kann daher gleichzeitig als Schmierstoff für die beweglichen Teile des Motors, insbesondere der Kolben und/oder Lagerungen, verwendet werden. Ein solches selbstschmierendes Arbeitsmedium hat den wesentlichen Vorteil, dass auf klassische Schmiermittel verzichtet werden kann. Das bedeutet, dass Ölwechsel, Reinigung des Arbeitsmediums von mitgerissenen Schmieröltröpfchen und dergleichen nicht erforderlich sind.By the addition of heterocyclic compounds to water will increase the viscosity of the mixtures across from increased the pure substances. The working medium can therefore simultaneously as a lubricant for the mobile Parts of the engine, in particular the piston and / or bearings, are used. Such a self-lubricating working medium has the essential Advantage that can be dispensed with classic lubricant. That means that oil changes, Cleaning the working medium of entrained lubricating oil droplets and the like are not required.
Das Arbeitsmedium enthält zusätzlich ein oder mehrere mit Wasser mischbare Polymere, zum Beispiel Polyethylenglykol oder Terphenyl, tensidische und/oder sonstige organische Schmierstoffe. Dadurch wird die selbstschmierende Wirkung der Mischung aus Speisewasser und heterozyklischen Verbindungen erhöht.The Contains working medium additionally one or more water-miscible polymers, for example polyethylene glycol or terphenyl, surfactant and / or other organic lubricants. Thereby becomes the self-lubricating effect of the mixture of feed water and heterocyclic compounds.
Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel ist nachstehend näher erläutert.refinements The invention are the subject of the dependent claims. An embodiment is below explained.
In
Das Arbeitsmedium ist ein Gemisch aus 10 Gew.-% Wasser, 89 Gew-% 2-Methylpyridin und 1 Gew.-% Polyethylenglykol. Diese Mischung siedet bei einer Temperatur von etwa 95°C. Sie ist bis zu einer Temperatur oberhalb von 400°C thermisch stabil. Es kann also bei einer großen Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Dampf und Kondensat gearbeitet werden, wodurch ein hoher Wirkungsgrad erreicht wird.The Working medium is a mixture of 10 wt .-% water, 89% by weight of 2-methylpyridine and 1% by weight of polyethylene glycol. This mixture boils at a temperature from about 95 ° C. It is thermally stable up to a temperature above 400 ° C. It can So with a big one Temperature difference between steam and condensate are worked, whereby a high efficiency is achieved.
Das Arbeitsmedium gefriert bei einer Temperatur unterhalb von –40°C. Der Kreisprozess kann also auch in Anlagen im Freien eingesetzt werden, die nicht kontinuierlich arbeiten, wie dies bei Hilfsaggregaten für Kraftfahrzeuge der Fall ist. The Working medium freezes at a temperature below -40 ° C. The cycle process So it can also be used in outdoor facilities that are not work continuously, as with auxiliary equipment for motor vehicles the case is.
In
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10328289A DE10328289B3 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2003-06-23 | Working medium for steam cycle processes |
US10/562,165 US20060277910A1 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2004-05-26 | Working medium for cyclic steam processes |
EP04734815A EP1706600A1 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2004-05-26 | Working medium for cyclic steam processes |
PCT/EP2004/005633 WO2005001248A1 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2004-05-26 | Working medium for cyclic steam processes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10328289A DE10328289B3 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2003-06-23 | Working medium for steam cycle processes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE10328289B3 true DE10328289B3 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
Family
ID=33495229
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE10328289A Expired - Fee Related DE10328289B3 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2003-06-23 | Working medium for steam cycle processes |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060277910A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1706600A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10328289B3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005001248A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008055720A2 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-15 | Amovis Gmbh | Working medium for steam circuit process |
DE102007020086B3 (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2008-10-30 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Operating fluid for a steam cycle process and method for its operation |
DE102007043373A1 (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2009-03-19 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Evaporator for a steam cycle process device |
WO2010017981A2 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2010-02-18 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Operational fluid for a vapour circuit processing device and a method for operating same |
DE102009035861B3 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-24 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Drive device and method for its operation |
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DE102007041944B3 (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2009-02-19 | Gesellschaft für Motoren und Kraftanlagen mbH | Apparatus for energy conversion, combined heat and power plant with such an apparatus and method for operating an ORC plant |
DE202007018776U1 (en) | 2007-10-30 | 2009-06-25 | Hoh, Manfred | Steam engine with rotating steam inlet and outlet pipes |
EP2281111A4 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2014-01-15 | New Power Concepts Llc | Thermal energy recovery system |
DE102010054667B3 (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2012-02-16 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Frost-resistant steam cycle process device and method of operation thereof |
US9038389B2 (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2015-05-26 | Harris Corporation | Hybrid thermal cycle with independent refrigeration loop |
DE102012108468A1 (en) | 2012-09-11 | 2014-03-13 | Amovis Gmbh | Working mixture for steam power plants |
DE102016214043A1 (en) | 2015-08-03 | 2017-02-09 | Mahle International Gmbh | axial piston |
DE102015112704B4 (en) | 2015-08-03 | 2022-01-27 | Mahle International Gmbh | steam cycle |
DE102015113007B3 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2016-07-21 | Mahle International Gmbh | Arrangement for controlling a volume flow of a working medium vapor |
DE102016212232A1 (en) | 2016-07-05 | 2018-01-11 | Mahle International Gmbh | Waste heat utilization device |
US10648745B2 (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2020-05-12 | Thermal Corp. | Azeotropic working fluids and thermal management systems utilizing the same |
DE102017219856A1 (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2019-05-09 | Mahle International Gmbh | Waste heat utilization device |
DE102017219855A1 (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2019-05-09 | Mahle International Gmbh | Waste heat utilization device |
BR112020022879A2 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2021-02-23 | Crispr Therapeutics Ag | methods and compositions for cancer treatment |
US11827877B2 (en) | 2018-06-28 | 2023-11-28 | Crispr Therapeutics Ag | Compositions and methods for genomic editing by insertion of donor polynucleotides |
US20210047649A1 (en) | 2019-05-08 | 2021-02-18 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Crispr/cas all-in-two vector systems for treatment of dmd |
EP3983542A2 (en) | 2019-06-17 | 2022-04-20 | CRISPR Therapeutics AG | Methods and compositions for improved homology directed repair |
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CA3205138A1 (en) | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-23 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Compositions and methods for editing beta-globin for treatment of hemaglobinopathies |
WO2023115049A1 (en) | 2021-12-17 | 2023-06-22 | Umoja Biopharma, Inc. | Cytotoxic innate lymphoid cell and uses thereof |
WO2023240282A1 (en) | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-14 | Umoja Biopharma, Inc. | Engineered stem cells and uses thereof |
WO2024026391A1 (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2024-02-01 | Umoja Biopharma, Inc. | Differentiation of stem cells in suspension culture |
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2003
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-
2004
- 2004-05-26 EP EP04734815A patent/EP1706600A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-05-26 WO PCT/EP2004/005633 patent/WO2005001248A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-05-26 US US10/562,165 patent/US20060277910A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US3268494A (en) * | 1962-12-28 | 1966-08-23 | Shell Oil Co | Lubricating compositions |
US3841099A (en) * | 1970-12-22 | 1974-10-15 | Union Carbide Corp | Working fluids for external combustion engines |
DE3420293A1 (en) * | 1983-05-31 | 1985-02-21 | Ormat Turbines (1965) Ltd., Yavne | Rankine cycle power station with an improved organic working fluid or liquid |
DE10029732A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2002-01-03 | Andreas Schiller | Thermal power plant has heat exchanger arrangement arranged to heat second working fluid before it enters second vapor generator using waste heat from first vapor generator |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008055720A2 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-15 | Amovis Gmbh | Working medium for steam circuit process |
WO2008055720A3 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-07-17 | Amovis Gmbh | Working medium for steam circuit process |
DE102007020086B3 (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2008-10-30 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Operating fluid for a steam cycle process and method for its operation |
US8468828B2 (en) | 2007-04-26 | 2013-06-25 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Working fluid for a steam cycle process and method for the operation thereof |
DE102007043373A1 (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2009-03-19 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Evaporator for a steam cycle process device |
WO2010017981A2 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2010-02-18 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Operational fluid for a vapour circuit processing device and a method for operating same |
DE102008037744A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2010-02-25 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Operating fluid for a steam cycle device and a method of operation thereof |
DE102009035861B3 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-24 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Drive device and method for its operation |
EP2345798A2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2011-07-20 | Voith Patent GmbH | Actuation device and method for its operation |
US8991179B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2015-03-31 | Steamdrive Gmbh | Drive unit and method for its operation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2005001248A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
US20060277910A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
EP1706600A1 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
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R119 | Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee |