DE19524908A1 - Method and device for producing a revetment from rubble stones - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method of manufacture development of a revetment from rubble stones, in particular as Ground and embankment protection in hydraulic engineering according to the Oberbe handle of claim 1.

In hydraulic engineering, revetments are used to secure soles and Embankments created and serve the erosion and scour protection of the subsequent or below what constructional constructions. Stones are used from the density of light rock to heavy Slag. Because of the limited larger mass of the stones  they naturally have a limited positional stability. The limited position stability runs the risk that it with the Time because of the mobility of the individual stones Dissolution or destruction of the revetment comes. The more or less permanent movement of the individual stones moreover, the settlement and occupation of the Revetment with plants and small organisms. Because of the skin Maintenance is relative, the maintenance effort is relative high.

For the above reasons, it has also become known that such Clamp ge revetments with suitable material. It is known to use asphalt or hydraulic binders Apply revetment. For use under water Usually used or by colloidal cement mortar an additive against erosion stabilized mortar. The mortar tel penetrates more or less into the revetment and should connect the individual stones with each other. With one The mortar to be installed is spread over water falls and occurs in free fall through the water the surface of the built-in stones. Another one known method is a mortar a pump system Distribution pipe fed under water, from which the mortar through hoses that slide freely over the revetment statistically randomly distributed.  

It is characteristic of both known methods that a relative large amount of material on the surface of the stones remains and develop no clinging effect there can. In addition, extensive sealing of the Surface that comes from hydraulic and ecological Reasons is undesirable.

From MAV 1990 page 8 has also become known at Cover layers of the potting material selectively or in strips mig to introduce, so that low-grout zones arise. It is a punctual potting with a diameter of 1 m or a strip-shaped encapsulation with a width of 1 m suggested.

One also occurs in the method described last Partial sealing, and a larger amount of concrete that accumulates above the top layer, does not contribute desired parenthesis at. Despite the reduced ver pouring quantity, this method is therefore also disadvantageous.

The invention has for its object a method for the production of a revetment from rubble stones, esp especially as bed or slope protection in hydraulic engineering, specify with the minimum use of potting maximum positional stability of the revetment will.  

This object is achieved through the features of the patent claim 1 solved.

In the method according to the invention, mortar is placed under Pressure injected into gaps in the bulk material such that Stones lying one above the other and next to each other are too compact blocks are bracketed. For this, a cement mortar used, which is on the one hand flowable and in the injection penetrates into the respective gaps between the stones, which, on the other hand, is not arbitrarily wide around the injected point spread, but lump or blow remains well in the injected area. This is with reached a mortar that is under pressure or shear good flow properties developed, but in the event of loss such action a relatively high cohesive force points so that it turns into an onion-like distribution comes around the injection point. There is therefore a ver stapling to greater depths of the revetment or above the thickness of the revetment in a relatively small width, the width depends on the dose introduced. The the amount of mortar distributed on the top is extreme low and preferably almost invisible, which is ecological reasons is particularly desirable.

The blocks produced in the process according to the invention  ensure a high positional stability of the revetment and enlighten ben at the same time an adjustment of the intermediate Stones. Tests have shown that the pull-out force at such blocks is three times higher than that Lifting force that corresponds to the weight of a block.

The considerably improved in the method according to the invention This position stability ensures the settlement and occupation the revetment with plants and small organisms, such as crayfish sen, fishing, fry and the like. One with the inventive The revetment produced by the process is characterized by high durability and low maintenance expenditure. The improved positional stability allowed e.g. B. higher speeds of ships in the water and overall greater resilience.

The type of mortar application can vary according to the bean geometrical criteria for the revetment will.

Between the installation of the revetment and the selective In jicking concrete naturally passes a certain one Period. There is therefore a risk of sediments settle on or in the revetment, who are in favor of detention effect when injecting the concrete.  

An embodiment of the invention therefore provides that the area in question was rinsed after injecting the concrete becomes. The rinsing can be done with water that is taken from the water in or next to where the Revetment is installed.

With the help of the method according to the invention can also produce a so-called composite revetment with an upper and a lower stone layer, of which the lower stones one smaller class. Between the layers is a Geotextile grid arranged high tensile strength, e.g. B. with a mesh size of 10 × 10 mm. The concrete is now like this injected that it is not limited only in the upper Position distributed, but through the geotextile grid penetrates into the lower layer, so that a staple of the two stone layers takes place.

For the implementation of the method according to the invention proposed a device that has at least one lance has a flexible hose with a Source for liquid concrete is connectable. This source is preferably a concrete pump with a mixer / Dosie rer who is constantly conveyed material that can. The pump can be used in a known manner as a metering pump pe to determine the amount of mortar to be installed  set per bracket point. The number of Pump strokes per point is therefore a measure of the compressed Amount. You can re in a parenthesis log be registered. The lance is preferably vertically adjustable adjustable or telescopic. After another Embodiment of the invention, it is at the lower end provided with an automatic closure. This closes the lance automatically when the supply of concrete stops to prevent it from flowing back.

According to one embodiment, the Er is particularly advantageous an embodiment in which several lances in one predetermined grid arranged on a support body and can be connected to the source via a distribution device are. The entirety of the lances is suitably lowered onto the revetment, the distribution device ensures that at the same time or successively over the Lance a given amount of concrete at the given location is injected. The grid can e.g. B. a triangular grid be.

To facilitate accurate dosing, see a wide one re embodiment of the invention that each lance controllable valve is assigned, preferably immediately bar on the lance, which in turn is a remote controllable Be  Has actuating device. The controllable valve is preferably attached very close to the lance After-running of the liquid concrete after closing the To prevent the valve. Actuation of the valve at for example a slide, can be controlled by a hydraulic Adjustment device take place directly on the Ventilge housing is attached. The control is done in known Way through a suitable distribution device that just if is preferably attached to the support body.

The source, e.g. B. the concrete pump is preferably via egg ne supply and a return line with the distribution direction connected, and the valves are connected to the common Feed line connected. This allows the liquid Concrete can be promoted in a circle, and z. B. by successes Open the individual valves to the desired ones Points are played. After finishing, the mate funded from the management without further ado the, so that the danger of hardening in the line is avoided. The system described can also be based on a to be flushed out during a break, at for example with water, around pipes and valves as well as the To clean lances.

Since the device according to the invention also under water  is to be set, it is according to an embodiment of the Invention useful if the valves, the actuation devices for this as well as the control distributor in one waterproof case are arranged.

To the stapling according to the inventive method with the help of the device according to the invention if possible One embodiment of the Invention before that two support body are provided by which everyone approaches along a first tour Kal or parallel to the lances and the first guides along the second guides approximately move horizontally or approximately perpendicular to the lances are bar and adjustment devices between the support body pern and the first tour or between the first and second guidance are provided. During one temporarily stationary at a given location will hold, so that Be ton is injected, the next body can move into the next Position to be moved over its Lan to inject zen punctually, then the first body is moved to the next working position. It is there possible to continuously inject concrete so that large areas of a deck within a relatively short time can be edited at the factory. The carrier bodies are  preferably on the cantilever arm of a conveyor, e.g. B. one Crane attached, which in turn ver along a track is mobile to ensure the desired continuity Afford. According to an embodiment of the Erfin on a float, such as a katama ran pontoon, arranged and in turn parallel to itself be movable yourself. The float is preferred constructed symmetrically to the connection of the feed line to be able to provide at both ends of the float. This is particularly advantageous where there are bridges is working and the delivery of the concrete outside the Bridge must be done. The feed can e.g. B. from a sepa advise floats made on which all necessary facilities for the production and promotion of concrete are arranged.

It has already been mentioned that in the inventive Process is advantageous in the areas where Be ton is injected to perform a rinse. To this Purpose can according to an embodiment of the invention, the Lan ze or the carrier body assigned a rinsing device will.

The invention is na based on drawings ago explained.  

Fig. 1 shows a section through part of a composite revetment, which was produced by the inventive method.

Fig. 2 shows in section a device for performing the inventive method.

FIG. 3 shows the top view of the device according to FIG. 2 with the upper part removed.

FIG. 4 shows schematically the operation of the device according to FIGS. 2 and 3 in a body of water.

FIG. 5 shows the top view of the illustration according to FIG. 4.

Fig. 6 shows schematically a grid for several lances egg ner device according to FIGS. 2 and 3.

Fig. 7 shows a plan view of a modified apparatus for carrying out the inventive method.

FIG. 8 shows a complete system for operating the device according to FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 shows the device according to FIG. 7 partially cut away in perspective.

Fig. 10 shows schematically the operation of the apparatus of Fig. 7 and 8.

In Fig. 1, a composite revetment 10 is shown with an upper stone layer 12 z. B. size class II for water building blocks. Below that is another layer 14 of hydraulic blocks of size class I. Between the layers there is a geotextile grid 16 with a mesh size of approximately 10 × 10 mm. Below the lower revetment layer 14 , a coarse filter layer and a fine filter layer below it can be arranged.

With the aid of a suitable lance or the like, a metered amount of liquid concrete is injected into gaps between stones of the upper revetment layer 16 under pressure. This is shown at 18 in several places in FIG . In Fig. 1, the points at which a concrete injection follows, are shown relatively close together. In reality, they may be further apart.

The concrete used is relatively easy to flow under pressure or when shear forces develop, ie as long as it flows, so that it can penetrate into the gaps between the stones and be distributed. However, if it comes to rest, it develops a relatively high viscosity, as a result of which the concrete does not diverge to the side, but remains together as lumps adhering to the stones, as can be seen in FIG. 1. In this way, individual blocks 20 are formed from interlocked stones after hardening of the concrete. The blocks bring about an extraordinarily high positional stability of the revetment, but on the other hand enable the stones to be fixed between the blocks 20 .

As can also be seen from FIG. 1, the concrete penetrates through the geotextile grid 16 into the lower layer 14 , so that a firm bond between the upper and the lower layer is provided, which increases the stability of the entire revetment.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, a device 22 is shown, may be injected with the same spaced at several points in a concrete revetment, as with reference to FIG. 1 described above. Lances 26 are attached below a plate 24 . The attachment of the lances 26 is not described in detail. Valves 28 are arranged on the plate 24 , specifically immediately above a lance 26 . The valves 28 are actuated by hydraulic actuators 30 . The hydraulic actuation devices 30 are controlled via a control distributor 32 , which is arranged below a plate 34 which is clamped to the plate 24 , specifically via tie rods 36 . Between the plates 34 there is a jacket 38 which seals the space between the plates 24 , 34 .

A pressure accumulator 40 for the hydraulic actuation of the devices 30 is arranged above the plate 34 . The device 22 is suspended from a head 42 and can be pivoted accordingly. The suspension takes place e.g. B. on a boom of an excavator or a crane.

From Fig. 3 it appears that ten lances 26 are provided, which are arranged in a predetermined grid. The valves 28 can be closed on a common concrete line, and specifically via nozzle 44 of the valves 28 . Through the line, concrete can constantly flow under pressure, and by a corresponding control of a valve 28 , the associated lance 26 is supplied. Vorzugswei se, the valves 28 are opened one after the other in order to provide the necessary pressure for injecting the concrete. The lances 26 have an automatic closure at the lower end, which closes when concrete is no longer supplied under pressure. This prevents running on. The actuation of the valves 28 allows a targeted metering of the amount of concrete delivered via the respective lance 26 .

In Figs. 4 and 5, a body of water 50 indicated with a sole 52 and is intended to indicate a slope 54 which ge with a revetment Mäss to FIG. 1. A catamaran pontoon 56 has two parallel tracks 58 that guide a boom 60 . On the boom z. B. a device according to FIG. 2 or 3, as indicated at 22 a in Fig. 4. The dotted drawing of the device 22 a in FIG. 4 shows that it can be moved along the arm 60 . As a result, the device 22 a can be brought with its lances to an arbitrary location of the sole 52 and the embankment 54 . Before moving the device 22 a, either the boom 60 is to be raised completely or the lances are height-adjustable accordingly, so that the lances can then plunge into corresponding gaps in the revetment at the next location.

In Fig. 6 a device 22 b according to the device 22 or 22 a to FIGS. 2 to 4 from above, wherein the valves are indicated by circuits 28 b. One can see a hairpin-shaped line 62 with an inlet end 64 and an outlet end 66 , the device with a Betonzuführvorrich, z. B. a concrete pump are connected. From Fig. 6 also shows the grid in which the lances 26 b are arranged. It is formed by equilateral triangles 68 ge. In Fig. 7, two devices 22 c, 22 d are shown side by side, which are constructed approximately according to the device 22 b or 22 according to FIGS. 6 or 2. The structure is therefore no longer discussed in detail. At the top of the devices 22 c, 22 d guide rails 70 , 72 are attached, which are displaceable in guides (not visible) under half a plate 74 . The shift takes place with the help of hydraulic adjusting drives, not shown. The plate 74 is attached to a boom of a suitable conveyor ge, for example a crane or an excavator. The devices can be successively used, so that the revetment can be clamped continuously. A concrete feed line 62 b extends in a loop through both devices 22 c, 22 d, they are therefore together, for. B. supplied by a concrete pump.

In Fig. 10 the operation of the device according to Fig. 7 is interpreted. Fig. 10a shows the first device, for example 22 c, in the working position and the second, z. B. 22 d, at rest position. Fig. 10b now shows the second device in Ar beit position, while the first device is repositioned. This can be seen from the new position of the guide rail 72 . In Fig. 10c, the first device is again in the working position, while the second is positioned.

Fig. 8 shows schematically a complete system for clinging a revetment of an embankment or a bottom of a body of water according to the method described above. A catamaran pontoon 74 supports a crane runway 76 for a crane 78 , which has a jib 80 , between the parallel floating bodies. On the boom 80 is about the order attached, as shown in Fig. 7. By moving the crane 78 along the path 76 , the method of the path 76 parallel to itself on the pon ton 74 and by the adjustment options in the device according to FIG. 7, the injection of concrete in the revetment in the manner described above can be done in any way Way. A concrete line 82 runs along a long side of the pontoon 74 and has sections 84 and 86 on both transverse sides of the pontoon 74 , the ends of which end at a leveling pontoon 88 and 89 , respectively. A Ge joint line 90 connects the concrete line 82 to the crane 76 for supplying the injection device, as described above.

On another float 92 , which can attach to an equal spontaneous 88 , 89 , silos 94 for fly ash and silos 96 for cement are arranged, which are connected via corresponding lines to a metering device 98 , which in turn is connected to a mixer 100 . Furthermore, a reservoir 102 for additives is provided, which is also connected to the mixer 100 . Below the mixer is a concrete pump (not shown), which is connected to the concrete line 82 via a line, also not shown. As can be seen, a connection of the concrete pump to both ends of the pontoon 74 is possible. Finally, an operating station 104 is located on the float 92 .

The material can be brought up with the help of a barge 106 and filled with the help of an excavator 108 on the float 92 into the suitable storage containers.

The structure of the device according to FIG. 7 can be seen more clearly in FIG. 9. You can see a positioning bar 110 , the z. B. a crane can be attached, as shown in Fig. 8. On the beam 110 guides 112 , 114 are attached, on which in turn hydraulic cylinders 116 , 118 are attached, the piston rod of which can be connected to a guide rail, for example the guide rails 70 , 72 according to FIG. 7, for adjusting the rails in the guides 112 , 114 and thus both devices 22 e.

On the underside of the guides 112 , 114 , a portal 120 or 122 is arranged, the supports of which form guides for the plate 124 , on which the lances 26 e are attached in the manner described above. Posts 128 are attached to the plate 124 at the corners and are connected by a strut 130 . The strut extends through the guide of the portal 120 and is actuated with the aid of adjusting cylinders (not shown). This allows the height of the unit consisting of plate 124 and lances 26 e to be adjusted.

The valves are arranged on the plate 124 , but only a few of them are shown, as shown at 28 e. The valves are actuated in the manner described above. The guidance of the concrete line 62 e corresponds to that of FIG. 7.

With the help of the precautions shown in FIG. 9, the lance arrangements can therefore be moved relative to one another and adjusted in height in order to carry out the injection in the manner in which he was explained with reference to FIG. 10.

One or more flushing nozzles (not shown) can also be arranged on the underside of the plate 124 , which are connected to a pressurized water line (not shown) in order to generate a flushing jet which flushes the revetment first before the concrete injection takes place .

Claims (21)

1. A method for producing a revetment of rubble stones, in particular as a base or embankment protection in hydraulic engineering, in which localized flowable concrete is added to the laid rubble works in ranges to clamp the stones in limited Be, characterized in that a under pressure or shear effect improves flowable concrete in a dosed amount punctually and spaced in gaps in the bulk material under pressure so that one another and adjacent stones are clamped into compact blocks. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by a onion-shaped distribution of the concrete in the blocks. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized net that the concrete at several spaced points is injected approximately simultaneously. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized ge indicates that before the concrete is injected the be area is flushed.   5. Revetment according to one of the methods of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that between an upper stone layer ( 12 ) and an underlying stone layer ( 14 ) with a smaller size class, a geotextile grid ( 16 ) is arranged and in the area of the blocks ( 20 ) the concrete ( 18 ) through the geotextile grid ( 16 ) is at least partially injected into the underlying stone layer ( 14 ). 6. Revetment according to claim 5, characterized in that the stones of the upper layer ( 12 ) of size class II and the lower layer ( 14 ) of size class I correspond. 7. Revetment according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the mesh size of the geotextile grid ( 16 ) is approximately 10 × 10 mm. 8. Device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one lance ( 26 , 26 a to 26 e) is provided, which can be connected via a flexible line to a source of liquid concrete. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that that the lance is telescopic. 10. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the lance ( 26 , 26 a to 26 e) has an automatic closure at the lower end. 11. Device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that a plurality of lances ( 26 , 26 a to 26 e) arranged in a predetermined grid on a support body ( 24 , 24 a to 24 e) and via a device to the distribution device Source can be connected. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that each lance ( 26 , 26 a to 26 e) is assigned a controllable Ven valve ( 28 , 28 a to 28 e), preferably un indirectly on the lance ( 26 , 26 a to 26 e), which in turn has a remotely controllable actuating device ( 30 ). 13. The apparatus of claim 11 and 12, characterized in that the source via a feed and a return line ( 62 c, 62 e) is connected to the distribution device and the valves ( 28 , 28 a to 28 e) to the common Feed line are connected. 14. The apparatus of claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the valves ( 28 , 28 a to 28 e), the Be actuating device ( 30 ) and the Steuerverteilvor direction are arranged in a waterproof housing. 15. The device according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the lances ( 26 , 26 a to 26 e) are attached to a support plate ( 24 , 124 ) on which the valves ( 28 , 28 e) are arranged . 16. Device according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that two support bodies are provided, each of which can be moved along a first guide ( 120 ) approximately vertically or parallel to the lances ( 26 e) and along the first guide second guides ( 112 , 114 ) can be moved approximately horizontally or approximately perpendicular to the lances ( 26 e) and adjusting devices ( 116 , 118 ) are provided between the carrier bodies and the first guide and between the first and second guides. 17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the second guides ( 112 , 114 ) on the boom arm ( 80 ) of a conveyor, preferably a crane ( 78 ), are attached. 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that a parallel to itself traversable track ( 76 ) is arranged on a catamaran pontoon ( 74 ) and the conveyor ( 78 ) on the track ( 76 ) is movable. 19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that on the pontoon (74), a concrete conduit (82) is mounted, which is connectable at both ends of the pontoon (74) to the source. 20. The apparatus according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that on a separate floating body ( 92 ) silos ( 94 , 96 ) for the concrete raw material, a metering device ( 98 ), a storage container ( 102 ) for impact materials, a mixing device ( 100 ) and a concrete pump are arranged. 21. Device according to one of claims 8 to 20, characterized characterized in that the lance or the carrier body a flushing device is assigned.