DE602004018934D1 - Verfahren und vorrichtungen zur bündelung in fibre-channel-arbitrated-loop-systemen - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtungen zur bündelung in fibre-channel-arbitrated-loop-systemen

Info

Publication number
DE602004018934D1
DE602004018934D1 DE602004018934T DE602004018934T DE602004018934D1 DE 602004018934 D1 DE602004018934 D1 DE 602004018934D1 DE 602004018934 T DE602004018934 T DE 602004018934T DE 602004018934 T DE602004018934 T DE 602004018934T DE 602004018934 D1 DE602004018934 D1 DE 602004018934D1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
bundling
devices
fiber channel
loop systems
arbitrated loop
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
DE602004018934T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
B G Warren
W Goodwin
Carl Mies
T Hammond-Doel
M L White
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Emulex Corp
Original Assignee
Emulex Design and Manufacturing Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Emulex Design and Manufacturing Corp filed Critical Emulex Design and Manufacturing Corp
Publication of DE602004018934D1 publication Critical patent/DE602004018934D1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/24—Multipath
    • H04L45/245—Link aggregation, e.g. trunking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/42—Loop networks
    • H04L12/427—Loop networks with decentralised control
    • H04L12/433—Loop networks with decentralised control with asynchronous transmission, e.g. token ring, register insertion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/28—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using route fault recovery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/60—Router architectures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/12—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
    • H04L47/122—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion by diverting traffic away from congested entities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/35—Switches specially adapted for specific applications
    • H04L49/356—Switches specially adapted for specific applications for storage area networks
    • H04L49/357—Fibre channel switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
    • H04L41/0681—Configuration of triggering conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0805—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability
    • H04L43/0817—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking functioning
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/50—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wire-line communication networks, e.g. low power modes or reduced link rate
DE602004018934T 2003-07-10 2004-07-09 Verfahren und vorrichtungen zur bündelung in fibre-channel-arbitrated-loop-systemen Active DE602004018934D1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/617,149 US7630300B2 (en) 2002-07-02 2003-07-10 Methods and apparatus for trunking in fibre channel arbitrated loop systems
PCT/US2004/022003 WO2005017661A2 (en) 2003-07-10 2004-07-09 Methods and apparatus for trunking in fibre channel arbitrated loop systems

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE602004018934D1 true DE602004018934D1 (de) 2009-02-26

Family

ID=34193470

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE602004018934T Active DE602004018934D1 (de) 2003-07-10 2004-07-09 Verfahren und vorrichtungen zur bündelung in fibre-channel-arbitrated-loop-systemen

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7630300B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1652036B1 (de)
JP (2) JP2007529152A (de)
DE (1) DE602004018934D1 (de)
WO (1) WO2005017661A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (55)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5978379A (en) 1997-01-23 1999-11-02 Gadzoox Networks, Inc. Fiber channel learning bridge, learning half bridge, and protocol
US7430171B2 (en) 1998-11-19 2008-09-30 Broadcom Corporation Fibre channel arbitrated loop bufferless switch circuitry to increase bandwidth without significant increase in cost
US7212534B2 (en) 2001-07-23 2007-05-01 Broadcom Corporation Flow based congestion control
GB0119070D0 (en) * 2001-08-06 2001-09-26 Ibm Method and apparatus for managing a loop network
US7295555B2 (en) 2002-03-08 2007-11-13 Broadcom Corporation System and method for identifying upper layer protocol message boundaries
US7660316B2 (en) * 2002-07-02 2010-02-09 Emulex Design & Manufacturing Corporation Methods and apparatus for device access fairness in fibre channel arbitrated loop systems
US7630300B2 (en) 2002-07-02 2009-12-08 Emulex Design & Manufacturing Corporation Methods and apparatus for trunking in fibre channel arbitrated loop systems
US7664018B2 (en) * 2002-07-02 2010-02-16 Emulex Design & Manufacturing Corporation Methods and apparatus for switching fibre channel arbitrated loop devices
US7934021B2 (en) 2002-08-29 2011-04-26 Broadcom Corporation System and method for network interfacing
US7346701B2 (en) 2002-08-30 2008-03-18 Broadcom Corporation System and method for TCP offload
WO2004021626A2 (en) 2002-08-30 2004-03-11 Broadcom Corporation System and method for handling out-of-order frames
US8180928B2 (en) 2002-08-30 2012-05-15 Broadcom Corporation Method and system for supporting read operations with CRC for iSCSI and iSCSI chimney
US7313623B2 (en) 2002-08-30 2007-12-25 Broadcom Corporation System and method for TCP/IP offload independent of bandwidth delay product
US8081642B2 (en) * 2003-01-31 2011-12-20 Brocade Communications Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for routing between fibre channel fabrics
US7317689B1 (en) * 2003-02-10 2008-01-08 Foundry Networks, Inc. System and method to access and address high-speed interface converter devices
US7321593B1 (en) * 2003-07-17 2008-01-22 Marvell International Ltd. Fibre channel SERDES with elastic transmitter FIFO
US7545817B1 (en) * 2003-12-01 2009-06-09 Vitesse Semiconductor Corporation Data loop port acceleration circuit
CN100553225C (zh) * 2003-12-17 2009-10-21 日本电气株式会社 网络、路由设备、其使用的路由更新抑制方法及其程序
US7936769B2 (en) 2004-07-30 2011-05-03 Brocade Communications System, Inc. Multifabric zone device import and export
US8000322B2 (en) * 2004-07-30 2011-08-16 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Crossbar switch debugging
US7466712B2 (en) * 2004-07-30 2008-12-16 Brocade Communications Systems, Inc. System and method for providing proxy and translation domains in a fibre channel router
US7796627B2 (en) * 2004-08-12 2010-09-14 Broadcom Corporation Apparatus and system for coupling and decoupling initiator devices to a network using an arbitrated loop without disrupting the network
US7596100B2 (en) * 2004-11-12 2009-09-29 Brocade Communications Systems, Inc. Methods, devices and systems with improved zone merge operation by caching prior merge operation results
US7782845B2 (en) * 2004-11-19 2010-08-24 International Business Machines Corporation Arbitrated loop address management apparatus method and system
US20060182110A1 (en) * 2005-02-17 2006-08-17 Bomhoff Matthew D Apparatus, system, and method for fibre channel device addressing
US8149901B2 (en) * 2005-05-27 2012-04-03 Verigy (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Channel switching circuit
US8700730B2 (en) * 2005-08-18 2014-04-15 Microsoft Corporation Aggregated audio/video crossbar connections
US7724654B2 (en) * 2005-08-22 2010-05-25 Emulex Design & Manufacturing Corporation Method for synchronized trunk failover and failback in a FC-AL switching environment
US7760717B2 (en) * 2005-10-25 2010-07-20 Brocade Communications Systems, Inc. Interface switch for use with fibre channel fabrics in storage area networks
US20070248111A1 (en) * 2006-04-24 2007-10-25 Shaw Mark E System and method for clearing information in a stalled output queue of a crossbar
US20070280141A1 (en) * 2006-05-01 2007-12-06 Seagate Technology, Llc Hardware implementation of loop initialization protocol
US8111610B2 (en) * 2008-01-25 2012-02-07 Emulex Design & Manufacturing Corporation Flagging of port conditions in high speed networks
US8392610B2 (en) * 2008-01-30 2013-03-05 International Business Machines Corporation Method, apparatus and system to dynamically manage logical path resources
US8542620B2 (en) * 2009-05-05 2013-09-24 Qualcomm Incorporated Dynamic energy saving mechanism for access points
US8116330B2 (en) * 2009-06-01 2012-02-14 Lsi Corporation Bridge apparatus and methods for coupling multiple non-fibre channel devices to a fibre channel arbitrated loop
CN101640622B (zh) * 2009-09-07 2012-05-23 中兴通讯股份有限公司 一种以太环网保护方法及传输节点
US8537733B1 (en) 2010-02-12 2013-09-17 Qualcomm Incorporated Dynamic power mode switch in a wireless ad-hoc system
US9311446B1 (en) 2010-03-19 2016-04-12 Qualcomm Incorporated Multicast transmission for power management in an ad-hoc wireless system
US9049658B2 (en) 2012-03-06 2015-06-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Power save mechanism for peer-to-peer communication networks
CN107743093B (zh) * 2012-03-19 2020-11-03 英特尔公司 用于输入/输出虚拟化系统中分组管理的装置、方法和介质
US9699735B2 (en) * 2012-10-29 2017-07-04 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Sub-channel detection for wireless data communication
US9917798B2 (en) * 2013-07-09 2018-03-13 Nevion Europe As Compact router with redundancy
US9253043B2 (en) 2013-11-30 2016-02-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods and apparatus to convert router configuration data
TWI525449B (zh) * 2014-09-10 2016-03-11 緯創資通股份有限公司 伺服器控制方法及機架控制器
JP2016082521A (ja) * 2014-10-21 2016-05-16 富士通株式会社 情報処理装置、及び、情報処理方法
US10594627B2 (en) 2016-01-27 2020-03-17 Oracle International Corporation System and method for supporting scalable representation of switch port status in a high performance computing environment
US10305755B2 (en) * 2016-06-09 2019-05-28 Zeroplus Technology Co., Ltd. Reliability and performance analysis system
US10630590B2 (en) * 2016-07-14 2020-04-21 Mellanox Technologies Tlv Ltd. Credit loop deadlock detection and recovery in arbitrary topology networks
US10419227B2 (en) * 2017-01-09 2019-09-17 Allied Telesis Holdings Kabushiki Kaisha Network card
US11502934B2 (en) * 2018-08-21 2022-11-15 The George Washington Univesity EZ-pass: an energy performance-efficient power-gating router architecture for scalable on-chip interconnect architecture
US10902177B1 (en) * 2019-02-20 2021-01-26 Cadence Design Systems, Inc. Reconfigurable switch for a computing system
CN110061992B (zh) 2019-04-22 2021-12-24 杭州迪普科技股份有限公司 一种动态配置fpga的方法及网络安全设备
CN110445675B (zh) * 2019-07-22 2021-09-17 北京空间技术研制试验中心 基于网络的航天器地面测试系统自动化控制方法
CN111178463B (zh) * 2019-12-16 2024-03-19 宝信软件(武汉)有限公司 一种光纤配线柜标签管理方法和系统
CN114338509B (zh) * 2022-01-07 2023-07-14 华东师范大学 一种基于带内网络遥测技术的数据包转发环路实时检测系统及检测方法

Family Cites Families (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4689708A (en) 1985-08-02 1987-08-25 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Co., Ltd. Zone protective directional relay scheme
US5535035A (en) * 1994-09-15 1996-07-09 International Business Machines Corporation Optical fiber ring communications system and communications method
US5619497A (en) * 1994-12-22 1997-04-08 Emc Corporation Method and apparatus for reordering frames
US5754549A (en) 1995-12-05 1998-05-19 International Business Machines Corporation Inexpensive two-way communications switch
US5751715A (en) 1996-08-08 1998-05-12 Gadzoox Microsystems, Inc. Accelerator fiber channel hub and protocol
US5991891A (en) 1996-12-23 1999-11-23 Lsi Logic Corporation Method and apparatus for providing loop coherency
US5978379A (en) 1997-01-23 1999-11-02 Gadzoox Networks, Inc. Fiber channel learning bridge, learning half bridge, and protocol
US6118776A (en) 1997-02-18 2000-09-12 Vixel Corporation Methods and apparatus for fiber channel interconnection of private loop devices
US6185203B1 (en) 1997-02-18 2001-02-06 Vixel Corporation Fibre channel switching fabric
US6504817B2 (en) * 1997-03-31 2003-01-07 Hewlett-Packard Company Fiber channel arbitrated loop dynamic loop sizing
US6000020A (en) * 1997-04-01 1999-12-07 Gadzoox Networks, Inc. Hierarchical storage management from a mirrored file system on a storage network segmented by a bridge
DE19882822T1 (de) * 1997-11-17 2001-03-22 Seagate Technology Verfahren und Dedizierter Frame-Puffer zur Schleifeninitialisierung und für Antworten
DE19982971T1 (de) 1998-02-24 2001-02-15 Seagate Technology Bewahren von Schleifen-Fairneß mit dynamischem Halbduplexbetrieb
US6324181B1 (en) * 1998-04-16 2001-11-27 3Com Corporation Fibre channel switched arbitrated loop
US6314488B1 (en) * 1998-05-12 2001-11-06 Crossroads Systems, Inc. System for segmenting a fibre channel arbitrated loop to a plurality of logical sub-loops using segmentation router as a master to cause the segmentation of physical addresses
US6272131B1 (en) 1998-06-11 2001-08-07 Synchrodyne Networks, Inc. Integrated data packet network using a common time reference
US6876653B2 (en) 1998-07-08 2005-04-05 Broadcom Corporation Fast flexible filter processor based architecture for a network device
US6396832B1 (en) * 1998-09-04 2002-05-28 3Com Corporation Method and apparatus for optimizing a switched arbitrated loop for maximum access fairness
US6898184B1 (en) 1998-11-15 2005-05-24 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Private arbitrated loop self-test management for a fibre channel storage enclosure
US6747984B1 (en) 1998-12-18 2004-06-08 Lsi Logic Corporation Method and apparatus for transmitting Data
US6529963B1 (en) * 1998-12-29 2003-03-04 Lsi Logic Corporation Methods and apparatus for interconnecting independent fibre channel fabrics
US6459701B1 (en) * 1999-08-06 2002-10-01 Emulex Corporation Variable access fairness in a fibre channel arbitrated loop
IES20010395A2 (en) * 2000-07-26 2002-02-06 Richmount Computers Ltd Crosspoint switch for a fibre channel arbitrated loop
EP1330896A2 (de) * 2000-08-07 2003-07-30 Inrange Technologies Corporation Vermittlungselement für fibre-channel
US6975590B2 (en) 2000-09-07 2005-12-13 Eurologic Systems Limited Fiber-channel arbitrated-loop split loop operation
US6999460B1 (en) * 2000-10-16 2006-02-14 Storage Technology Corporation Arbitrated loop port switching
US6915429B1 (en) * 2000-11-16 2005-07-05 International Business Machines Corporation System and method for fiber channel remote activation and enhanced security
US7809852B2 (en) 2001-07-26 2010-10-05 Brocade Communications Systems, Inc. High jitter scheduling of interleaved frames in an arbitrated loop
US7215680B2 (en) 2001-07-26 2007-05-08 Nishan Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for scheduling packet flow on a fibre channel arbitrated loop
US7016299B2 (en) 2001-07-27 2006-03-21 International Business Machines Corporation Network node failover using path rerouting by manager component or switch port remapping
US6804245B2 (en) 2001-08-17 2004-10-12 Mcdata Corporation Compact, shared route lookup table for a fiber channel switch
US6532212B1 (en) * 2001-09-25 2003-03-11 Mcdata Corporation Trunking inter-switch links
AU2003220679A1 (en) 2002-04-09 2003-10-27 Next Generation Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for providing qos environment ____________
US20040076428A1 (en) * 2002-05-20 2004-04-22 The Boeing Company Form existing fibers into a fibre channel-arbitrated loop
US7397788B2 (en) * 2002-07-02 2008-07-08 Emulex Design & Manufacturing Corporation Methods and apparatus for device zoning in fibre channel arbitrated loop systems
US7660316B2 (en) * 2002-07-02 2010-02-09 Emulex Design & Manufacturing Corporation Methods and apparatus for device access fairness in fibre channel arbitrated loop systems
US7664018B2 (en) 2002-07-02 2010-02-16 Emulex Design & Manufacturing Corporation Methods and apparatus for switching fibre channel arbitrated loop devices
US7382790B2 (en) * 2002-07-02 2008-06-03 Emulex Design & Manufacturing Corporation Methods and apparatus for switching fibre channel arbitrated loop systems
US7630300B2 (en) * 2002-07-02 2009-12-08 Emulex Design & Manufacturing Corporation Methods and apparatus for trunking in fibre channel arbitrated loop systems
US7352706B2 (en) 2002-09-16 2008-04-01 Finisar Corporation Network analysis scalable analysis tool for multiple protocols
US7343524B2 (en) 2002-09-16 2008-03-11 Finisar Corporation Network analysis omniscent loop state machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1652036A4 (de) 2007-03-14
US7630300B2 (en) 2009-12-08
JP5370973B2 (ja) 2013-12-18
EP1652036B1 (de) 2009-01-07
US20040085972A1 (en) 2004-05-06
JP2007529152A (ja) 2007-10-18
WO2005017661A2 (en) 2005-02-24
EP1652036A2 (de) 2006-05-03
JP2011139542A (ja) 2011-07-14
WO2005017661A3 (en) 2006-05-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE602004018934D1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtungen zur bündelung in fibre-channel-arbitrated-loop-systemen
DE602004012051D1 (de) Führungsvorrichtung, System und Verfahren
DE602004008282D1 (de) System und verfahren zur gesichtserkennung
DE602004026552D1 (de) Verfahren, vorrichtung und system zur kommunikation mit medizinischen geräten
DE60328739D1 (de) System und Verfahren zur Datenstromverteilung
DE60141949D1 (de) Verfahren und einrichtung zur beteiligung an gruppunikationssystem
DE60127795D1 (de) System und Verfahren zur Metrik- und Statusdarstellung
DE502004007454D1 (de) Verfahren und einrichtung zur verringerung von unfallschäden
ATE484892T1 (de) Verfahren und system zum benutzermultiplexen in mehrfachzugriffssystemen mit neuübertragung
DE60210034D1 (de) Verfahren und System zur Fehlerortung in einem Kommunikationsgerät
DE60117485D1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Pufferverwaltung
DE60220865D1 (de) Verfahren zum OFDM-Empfang sowie Einrichtung
DE60112759D1 (de) Vorrichtungen und verfahren zur datenübertragung
DE60226484D1 (de) System und verfahren zur zuverlässigkeitsbewertung
DE60331985D1 (de) System und Verfahren zur Verwaltung von Bilderzeugungsgeräten
DE60045171D1 (de) Gerät und Verfahren zur Kanalsynchronisation in einem W-CDMA Kommunikationssystem
DE60032467D1 (de) Verfahren und System für Video-auf-Anfrage
DE602004012506D1 (de) Kommunikationsgerät, Kommunikationssystem, Verfahren und Programm zur Zertifikatsübertragung
DE60212580D1 (de) Ortungssystem und Verfahren
DE60217171D1 (de) Verfahren, System und Vorrichtung zur Datenübertragung
DE60222497D1 (de) System und Verfahren zur Kabelbaumprüfung
DE10393102D2 (de) Einrichtung und Verfahren zur Analyse von eingebetteten Systemen
DE60225334D1 (de) Anzeigevorrichtung und verfahren zur ihrer ansteuerung
DE60104362D1 (de) Verfahren und Einrichtung zur VideoAnzeige
DE60324203D1 (de) Verfahren und system zur datenübertragung

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
8364 No opposition during term of opposition