EP0022453A1 - Method of avoiding interference disturbances in radio transmission to a mobile transmit/receive apparatus situated in the radiofield of two synchronous or quasi-synchronous common frequency transmitters, and device for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Method of avoiding interference disturbances in radio transmission to a mobile transmit/receive apparatus situated in the radiofield of two synchronous or quasi-synchronous common frequency transmitters, and device for carrying out the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0022453A1
EP0022453A1 EP80102325A EP80102325A EP0022453A1 EP 0022453 A1 EP0022453 A1 EP 0022453A1 EP 80102325 A EP80102325 A EP 80102325A EP 80102325 A EP80102325 A EP 80102325A EP 0022453 A1 EP0022453 A1 EP 0022453A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
synchronous
control signals
quasi
transmitter
mobile transceiver
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Granted
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EP80102325A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0022453B1 (en
Inventor
Joachim Dipl.-Ing. Nedtwig
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Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
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Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
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Priority to AT80102325T priority Critical patent/ATE2370T1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/65—Arrangements characterised by transmission systems for broadcast
    • H04H20/67—Common-wave systems, i.e. using separate transmitters operating on substantially the same frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
    • H04B7/2625—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile using common wave

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • FIG. 1 clearly shows a mobile transceiver with a speed V A in the two-wave interference field.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid the interference in the mobile receiving device caused by the interference minima (carrier subtraction) and, on the contrary, to use the interference positively (carrier addition).
  • the object is achieved in that a maximum field strength is fixed on the receiving antenna of the moving or unmoving mobile transceiver by automatic tracking. This ensures interference-free radio reception without signal distortion. In addition, the addition of the field strength in the interference maximum is used. The accessibility of mobile subscribers without increasing the transmission power of fixed transmitters is significantly increased.
  • the mobile transceiver advantageously sends out control signals for controlling the automatic tracking of the field strength maximum, since the mobile transceiver itself can best determine the necessary size and direction of the tracking.
  • the control signals can be digitally coded or analog modulated.
  • FIG. 3 shows these two options for pause-controlled transmission.
  • the difference between the carrier frequencies is advantageously controlled by magnitude and sign using the control signals in the single-wave transmitters.
  • the mobile transceiver has a delta modulator IC for scanning the field strength maximum according to FIG. 4b.
  • the complex carrier reception voltages S 1 , S 2 , the transmitters 1 and 2 associated with the field strength curve are shown in FIG. 4a.
  • the delta modulator outputs a voltage + ⁇ U or -AU, depending on whether the rectified IF reception voltage U ZFG increases or decreases.
  • FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a delta modulator IC with comparator K, clock generator T, clock-controlled flip-flop FF and integrator I.
  • FIG. 6 shows different variants of an overall arrangement in the mobile transceiver with delta modulator and means for generating the control signals.
  • S transmitter
  • E receiver
  • W switch
  • ⁇ -MOD delta modulator
  • d attenuator
  • f St control frequency
  • NF low frequency
  • ZF intermediate frequency
  • ON LF input of the transmitter
  • PD Pause detector
  • VCO voltage controlled oscillator.
  • Variant A works with amplitude sampling of an LF control signal.
  • the combination B + D works with a digital control signal during speech pauses.
  • Variant C sends an an ... Logic control signal outside the NF useful band.
  • Combination C + D finally sends an analog control signal during speech pauses.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic of two synchronous or quasi-synchronous single-wave transmitters.
  • One transmitter is normally equipped.
  • the other has a control signal evaluator StSA.
  • the thus changed carrier frequency difference of the two single-wave transmitters tracks the maximum field strength to the antenna of the mobile transceiver.
  • LAG runtime compensation
  • MOD modulator.
  • the method can also be used advantageously in the radio field of individual transmitters to improve radio reception.
  • a radio field there may be standing dead spots due to reflections from obstacles such as houses, trees, etc.
  • the control signals that the mobile transceiver sends out change the carrier phase of the individual transmitter, thus pushing the dead spot away from the receiving antenna mobile transceiver.

Abstract

1. Method for the avoidance of interference disturbances in the radio transmission to a mobile transmit-receive equipment in the radio field of respective pairs of synchronous or quasi-synchronous continuous wave transmitters with two-wave interferences, characterised thereby, that the mobile transmit-receive equipment emits control signals in accordance with the change in the amount of the reception voltage of the receiving equipment and that the contol signals control the difference in the carrier frequencies in the synchronous or quasi-synchronous continuous wave transmitters in such a manner that a field strength maximum is locked onto the receiving aerial of the moved or unmoved mobile transmit-receive equipment.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.

Im Funkfeld je zweier synchroner oder quasi-synchroner Gleichwellensender S1 und S2 kann es zur Ausbildung starker Feldstärke-Extrema durch Zwei-Wellen-Interferenz kommen. Die Feldstärkeminima im Abstand von λ/2, wobei λ die Trägerwellenlänge ist, erzeugen beim mobilen Empfangsgerät Signalverzerrungen und Störimpulse.In the radio field of two synchronous or quasi-synchronous single-wave transmitters S1 and S2, strong field strength extremes can occur due to two-wave interference. The field strength minima at a distance of λ / 2, where λ is the carrier wavelength, produce signal distortions and interference pulses in the mobile receiving device.

Gegenüber einem stehenden Beobachter laufen die Extrema durch mit einer Relativ-Geschwindigkeit des Feldes VF = ± ΔF . λ/2, wobei ΔF die Differenz (Versatz) der Trägerfrequenzen ist. Bei λ = 4 m und ΔF = + 10 Hz bedeutet das z. B. VF = + 72 km/h. FIG. 1 zeigt anschaulich ein mobiles Sende-/Empfangsgerät mit einer Geschwindigkeit VA im Zwei-Wellen-Interferenzfeld. ...Compared to a standing observer, the extremes run through with a relative velocity of the field V F = ± ΔF. λ / 2, where ΔF is the difference (offset) of the carrier frequencies. At λ = 4 m and ΔF = + 10 Hz this means e.g. B. V F = + 72 km / h. FIG. 1 clearly shows a mobile transceiver with a speed V A in the two-wave interference field. ...

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Störungen im mobilen Empfangsgerät, die durch die Interferenzminima (Trägersubtraktion) entstehen, zu vermeiden und im Gegenteil die Interferenzen positiv auszunutzen (Trägeraddition).The object of the invention is to avoid the interference in the mobile receiving device caused by the interference minima (carrier subtraction) and, on the contrary, to use the interference positively (carrier addition).

Die Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß ein Feldstärkemaximum auf die Empfangsantenne des bewegten oder unbewegten mobilen Sende-/Empfangsgerätes durch eine automatische Nachführung fixiert wird. Dadurch wird interferenzfreier Funkempfang ohne Signalverzerrungen gewährleistet. Außerdem wird die Addition der Feldstärke im Interferenzmaximum ausgenutzt. Die Erreichbarkeit mobiler Teilnehmer ohne Vergrößerung der Sendeleistung ortsfester Sender wird wesentlich erhöht.The object is achieved in that a maximum field strength is fixed on the receiving antenna of the moving or unmoving mobile transceiver by automatic tracking. This ensures interference-free radio reception without signal distortion. In addition, the addition of the field strength in the interference maximum is used. The accessibility of mobile subscribers without increasing the transmission power of fixed transmitters is significantly increased.

Vorausgesetzt wird, daß in einkanaligen Gleichwellen-Funknetzen zum gleichen Zeitpunkt immer nur ein mobiles Sende-/ Empfangsgerät mit einer Leitstelle verkehrt. Ausgenommen ist der Fall, daß zwei Fahrzeuge miteinander im WzW-Verkehr (Wagen-zu-Wagen) korrespondieren, wenn ein Fahrzeug die Funkverbindung eröffnet.It is assumed that only one mobile transceiver with a control center is operating in single-channel single-wave radio networks at the same time. The exception is the case that two vehicles correspond to each other in WzW traffic (car-to-car) when a vehicle opens the radio link.

Vorteilhafterweise sendet das mobile Sende-/Empfangsgerät Steuersignale aus zur Steuerung der automatischen Nachführung des Feldstärkemaximums, da das mobile Sende-/ Empfangsgerät selbst am besten die notwendige Größe und Richtung der Nachführung ermitteln kann. Diese Steuersignale können dauernd außerhalb des Nutzfrequenzbereichs oder pausengesteuert zu Beginn eines Gesprächs oder in natürlichen Gesprächspausen, vorzugsweise im NF-Kanal, ausgesendet werden. Beide Möglichkeiten sind in FIG. 2 in ein NF-Frequenzschema eingezeichnet. In dieser Figur bedeutet fSt = Frequenz der Steuersignale.The mobile transceiver advantageously sends out control signals for controlling the automatic tracking of the field strength maximum, since the mobile transceiver itself can best determine the necessary size and direction of the tracking. These control signals can be transmitted continuously outside the useful frequency range or pause-controlled at the beginning of a call or in natural pauses in the call, preferably in the LF channel. Both options are shown in FIG. 2 drawn in an NF frequency scheme. In this figure, f means St = frequency of the control signals.

Die Steuersignale können digital codiert oder analog moduliert werden. FIG. 3 stellt diese beiden Möglichkeiten bei pausengesteuerter Aussendung dar.The control signals can be digitally coded or analog modulated. FIG. 3 shows these two options for pause-controlled transmission.

Vorteilhafterweise wird mit den Steuersignalen in den Gleichwellensendern die Differenz der Trägerfrequenzen nach Betrag und Vorzeichen gesteuert.The difference between the carrier frequencies is advantageously controlled by magnitude and sign using the control signals in the single-wave transmitters.

Eine vorteilhafte Anordnung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemaßen Verfahrens wird im folgenden beschrieben. Das mobile Sende-/Empfangsgerät besitzt ein Delta-Modulator-IC zur Abtastung des Feldstärkemaximums gemäß FIG. 4b. Die zum Felstärkeverlauf zugehörigen komplexen Trägerempfangsspannungen S1, S2, der Sender 1 und 2, sind in FIG. 4a dargestellt. Wenn sich das mobile Sende-/Empfangsgerät, bzw. das Funkfeld bewegt, so gibt der Delta-Modulator eine Spannung +ΔU oder -AU ab, je nachdem, ob die gleichgerichtete ZF-Empfangsspannung UZFG zunimmt oder abnimmt. FIG. 5 zeigt ein Blockschaltbild eines Delta-Modulator IC mit Komparator K, Taktgenerator T, taktgesteuertem Flip-Flop FF und Integrierer I.An advantageous arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention is described below. The mobile transceiver has a delta modulator IC for scanning the field strength maximum according to FIG. 4b. The complex carrier reception voltages S 1 , S 2 , the transmitters 1 and 2 associated with the field strength curve are shown in FIG. 4a. When the mobile transceiver or the radio field moves, the delta modulator outputs a voltage + ΔU or -AU, depending on whether the rectified IF reception voltage U ZFG increases or decreases. FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a delta modulator IC with comparator K, clock generator T, clock-controlled flip-flop FF and integrator I.

FIG. 6 zeigt verschiedene Varianten einer Gesamtanordnung im mobilen Sende-/Empfangsgerät mit Delta-Modulator und Mitteln zur Erzeugung der Steuersignale. Dabei bedeuten S = Sender, E = Empfänger, W = Weiche, Δ-MOD = Delta-Modulator, d = Dämpfungsglied, fSt = Steuerfre.quenz, NF = Niederfrequenz, ZF = Zwischenfrequenz, EIN = NF-Eingang des Senders, PD = Pausendetektor, VCO = spannungsgesteuerter Oszillator.FIG. 6 shows different variants of an overall arrangement in the mobile transceiver with delta modulator and means for generating the control signals. S = transmitter, E = receiver, W = switch, Δ-MOD = delta modulator, d = attenuator, f St = control frequency, NF = low frequency, ZF = intermediate frequency, ON = LF input of the transmitter, PD = Pause detector, VCO = voltage controlled oscillator.

Variante A arbeitet mit Amplitudentastung eines NF-Steuersignals. Die Kombination B + D arbeitet mit digitalem Steuersignal in Sprachpausen. Variante C sendet ein ana- ... loges Steuersignal außerhalb des NF-Nutzbandes. Kombination C + D schließlich sendet ein analoges Steuersignal in Sprachpausen.Variant A works with amplitude sampling of an LF control signal. The combination B + D works with a digital control signal during speech pauses. Variant C sends an an ... Logic control signal outside the NF useful band. Combination C + D finally sends an analog control signal during speech pauses.

FIG. 7 zeigt ein Schema zweier synchroner oder quasi-synchroner Gleichwellensender. Der eine Sender ist normal ausgestattet. Der andere verfügt über einen Steuersignalauswerter StSA. Dieser gibt eine Spannung ± ΔUSt an das Frequenznormal FN (hochstabiler Trägerfrequenzoszillator), welches eine um ± ΔF geänderte Frequenz erzeugt. Durch die somit geänderte Trägerfrequenzdifferenz der beiden Gleichwellensender wird das Feldstärkemaximum auf die Antenne des mobilen Sende-/Empfangsgerätes nachgeführt. Es bedeuten weiter in FIG. 7: LAG = Laufzeitausgleich, MOD = Modulator.FIG. 7 shows a schematic of two synchronous or quasi-synchronous single-wave transmitters. One transmitter is normally equipped. The other has a control signal evaluator StSA. This gives a voltage ± ΔU St to the frequency standard FN (highly stable carrier frequency oscillator), which generates a frequency changed by ± ΔF. The thus changed carrier frequency difference of the two single-wave transmitters tracks the maximum field strength to the antenna of the mobile transceiver. In FIG. 7: LAG = runtime compensation, MOD = modulator.

Nimmt man an, daß sich das mobile Sende-/Empfangsgerät mit maximal 200 km/h bewegt, so muß die Differenz der Trägerfrequenzen bei λ = 4 m den Wert ΔF = 27,8 Hz haben. Dies ist ein Wert, der für andere mobile Sende-/Empfangsgeräte, die im Gleichwellenfunkkanal mithören wollen, keine unzulässigen neuen Störungen verursacht.Assuming that the mobile transceiver moves at a maximum of 200 km / h, the difference in carrier frequencies at λ = 4 m must have the value ΔF = 27.8 Hz. This is a value that does not cause impermissible new interference for other mobile transceivers that want to listen in on the single-frequency radio channel.

Das Verfahren ist jedoch auch vorteilhaft im Funkfeld von Einzelsendern zur Verbesserung des Funkempfangs einsetzbar. In einem solchen Funkfeld kann es zu stehenden Funklöchern kommen, durch Reflexionen an Hindernissen wie Häusern, Bäumen etc. Durch die Steuersignale, die das mobile Sende-/ Empfangsgerät aussendet, wird die Trägerphase des Einzelsenders geändert, und so das Funkloch weggeschoben von der Empfangsantenne des mobilen Sende-/Empfangsgerätes.However, the method can also be used advantageously in the radio field of individual transmitters to improve radio reception. In such a radio field, there may be standing dead spots due to reflections from obstacles such as houses, trees, etc. The control signals that the mobile transceiver sends out change the carrier phase of the individual transmitter, thus pushing the dead spot away from the receiving antenna mobile transceiver.

Mit der fahrzeuggesteuerten Nachführung des Feldstärkemaximums sind außer den eingangs genannten weitere Vorteile verbunden:

  • - die Möglichkeit eines hochgenauen, fahrzeuggesteuerten automatischen Laufzeitausgleichs der NF-Signale in der Leitstelle auf den jeweiligen Empfangsort,
  • - die Möglichkeit der automatischen Messung des echten Signal-/Störabstandes innerhalb des NF-Nutzkanals, mit dem Steuersignal als Meßton (vgl. DE-PS 26 12 476),
  • - die Möglichkeit der automatischen Ortsbestimmung eines Fahrzeugs über den Laufzeitausgleich in einer Leitstelle,
  • - die Möglichkeit der automatischen Feststellung der Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit in einer Leitstelle über den Laufzeitausgleich und die Trägerfrequenzdifferenz,
  • - die Kompatibilität, d. h. die Verträglichkeit im Funkbetrieb mit anderen Fahrzeugen ist in Gleichwellenfunknetzen gewahrt.
  • - In Gleichwellenfunknetzen mit mehr als zwei Sendern funktioniert das vorgeschlagene Verfahren durch Probieren. Damit sind die Vorteile nicht nur auf zwei Sender begrenzt.
  • - Das Verfahren ist universell einsetzbar, auch für Einzelsender, deren Feldstärke am Empfangsört durch einen Reflektor, äquivalent zu einem zweiten Gleichwellenstrahler, orts- und zeitselektiv durch Interferenz ausgelöscht wird.
The vehicle-controlled tracking of the field strength maximum has other advantages in addition to those mentioned at the beginning:
  • - the possibility of a highly precise, vehicle-controlled automatic runtime compensation of the NF signals in the control center to the respective receiving location,
  • - the possibility of automatic measurement of the real signal / signal-to-noise ratio within the NF useful channel, with the control signal as a measuring tone (cf. DE-PS 26 12 476),
  • - the possibility of automatic location determination of a vehicle via the runtime compensation in a control center,
  • - the possibility of automatically determining the vehicle speed in a control center via the transit time compensation and the carrier frequency difference,
  • - The compatibility, ie the compatibility in radio operation with other vehicles is ensured in single-wave radio networks.
  • - In single-frequency radio networks with more than two transmitters, the proposed method works by trial and error. This means that the advantages are not limited to just two transmitters.
  • - The method can be used universally, even for individual transmitters whose field strength at the receiving site is eliminated by a reflector, equivalent to a second single-wave radiator, selectively in terms of location and time by interference.

Claims (9)

1. Verfahren zur Vermeidung von Interferenzstörungen bei der Funkübertragung zu einem mobilen Sende-/Empfangsgerät im Funkfeld je zweier synchroner oder quasi-synchroner Gleichwellensender mit Zwei-Wellen-Interferenzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Feldstärkemaximum auf die Empfangsantenne des bewegten oder unbewegten mobilen Sende-/ Empfangsgerätes durch eine automatische Nachführung fixiert wird.1. A method for avoiding interference in the radio transmission to a mobile transceiver in the radio field each two synchronous or quasi-synchronous single-wave transmitter with two-wave interference, characterized in that a field strength maximum on the receiving antenna of the moving or unmoving mobile transmitter / Receiving device is fixed by an automatic tracking. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das mobile Sende-/Empfangsgerät Steuersignale nach Maßgabe der Änderung des Betrages der Empfangsspannung des Empfangsgerätes aussendet zur Steuerung der automatischen Nachführung des Feldstärkemaximums.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile transceiver sends control signals in accordance with the change in the amount of the receiving voltage of the receiving device for controlling the automatic tracking of the field strength maximum. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuersignale in den synchronen oder quasi-synchronen Gleichwellensendern die Differenz der Trägerfrequenzen steuern.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the control signals in the synchronous or quasi-synchronous single-wave transmitters control the difference in the carrier frequencies. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuersignale dauernd außerhalb des Nutzfrequenzbereichs ausgesendet werden (FIG. 2). ...4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the control signals are continuously transmitted outside the useful frequency range (FIG. 2). ... 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuersignale pausengesteuert zu Beginn eines Gespräches oder in natürlichen Gesprächspausen ausgesendet werden, vorzugsweise im NF-Kanal (FIG. 2).5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the control signals are transmitted in a pause-controlled manner at the beginning of a conversation or in natural pauses in conversation, preferably in the LF channel (FIG. 2). G. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuersignale digital codiert sind.G. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the control signals are digitally encoded. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuersignale analog moduliert sind.7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the control signals are modulated analog. 3. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch seine Anwendung im Funkfeld eines Einzelsenders mit stehenden Funklöchern, welche durch Hindernisreflexionen o. ä. entstehen, wobei durch die Steuersignale des mobilen Sende-/Empfangsgerätes die Trägerphase des Einzelsenders geregelt wird und damit die Funklöcher um mindestens λ/4 verschoben werden.3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by its application in the radio field of a single transmitter with standing dead spots, which arise from obstacle reflections or the like, the carrier phase of the single transmitter being regulated by the control signals of the mobile transceiver and thus the dead spots be shifted by at least λ / 4. 9. Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das mobile Sende-/Empfangsgerät ein Delta-Modulator-IC aufweist zur Abtastung des Feldstärkemaximums, sowie elektronische Mittel zur Erzeugung der Steuersignale, und daß mindestens einer von je zwei synchronen oder quasi-synchronen Gleichwellensendern einen Steuersignalauswerter aufweist, welcher den hochstabilen Tragerfrequenzoszillator des entsprechenden Gleichwellensenders in der Trägerfrequenz regelt (FIG. 5 bis 7).9. Arrangement for performing the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mobile transceiver has a delta modulator IC for scanning the field strength maximum, and electronic means for generating the control signals, and that at least one of two Synchronous or quasi-synchronous single-wave transmitters has a control signal evaluator, which regulates the highly stable carrier frequency oscillator of the corresponding single-wave transmitter in the carrier frequency (FIGS. 5 to 7 ).
EP80102325A 1979-07-14 1980-04-30 Method of avoiding interference disturbances in radio transmission to a mobile transmit/receive apparatus situated in the radiofield of two synchronous or quasi-synchronous common frequency transmitters, and device for carrying out the method Expired EP0022453B1 (en)

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AT80102325T ATE2370T1 (en) 1979-07-14 1980-04-30 METHOD FOR AVOIDING INTERFERENCE IN RADIO TRANSMISSION TO A MOBILE TRANSMITTER/RECEIVER IN THE RADIO FIELD OF TWO SYNCHRONOUS OR QUASI-SYNCHRONOUS SIMULTANEOUS TRANSMITTERS AND ARRANGEMENT FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD.

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DE2928514A DE2928514C2 (en) 1979-07-14 1979-07-14 Method for avoiding interference during radio transmission to a mobile transceiver in the radio field of two synchronous or quasi-synchronous single-frequency transmitters
DE2928514 1979-07-14

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EP0022453A1 true EP0022453A1 (en) 1981-01-21
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EP0109215A1 (en) * 1982-10-30 1984-05-23 James Douglas Edwards Craft navigational aid systems
DE4119140A1 (en) * 1991-06-11 1992-12-17 Merz & Co Gmbh & Co Porous, spongy formed bodies which are soluble in body fluids and secretions - contg. hydrolytically degraded gelatin opt. with collagen hydrolysate(s), softeners, surfactants, etc. useful for admin. of pharmaceutical and cosmetic agents
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DE3126195C2 (en) * 1981-07-03 1986-04-17 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Single-frequency radio network
DE3231564A1 (en) * 1982-08-25 1984-03-01 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Radio system
DE3508069C2 (en) * 1985-03-07 1993-12-02 Aeg Mobile Communication Single-wave radio with re-adjusted transmitter frequency
DE4319694C2 (en) * 1993-06-16 1999-10-21 Detecon Gmbh Methods for improving the radio coverage of mobile telephones in mobile radio systems
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Cited By (4)

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EP0072984A1 (en) * 1981-08-21 1983-03-02 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-GmbH Method of automatically determining a time delay compensation in a common-wave radio network
EP0109215A1 (en) * 1982-10-30 1984-05-23 James Douglas Edwards Craft navigational aid systems
DE4119140A1 (en) * 1991-06-11 1992-12-17 Merz & Co Gmbh & Co Porous, spongy formed bodies which are soluble in body fluids and secretions - contg. hydrolytically degraded gelatin opt. with collagen hydrolysate(s), softeners, surfactants, etc. useful for admin. of pharmaceutical and cosmetic agents
US10961346B2 (en) 2016-05-13 2021-03-30 Covestro Deutschland Ag Method for the preparation of polyoxyalkylene polyols

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2928514C2 (en) 1983-04-28
DE2928514A1 (en) 1981-01-15
EP0022453B1 (en) 1983-01-26
YU180180A (en) 1983-09-30
ATE2370T1 (en) 1983-02-15

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