EP0087523A1 - Equipment for the heating of a gas fluid by means of an electric arc - Google Patents
Equipment for the heating of a gas fluid by means of an electric arc Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0087523A1 EP0087523A1 EP82200213A EP82200213A EP0087523A1 EP 0087523 A1 EP0087523 A1 EP 0087523A1 EP 82200213 A EP82200213 A EP 82200213A EP 82200213 A EP82200213 A EP 82200213A EP 0087523 A1 EP0087523 A1 EP 0087523A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air gap
- annular air
- electrodes
- electrode
- auxiliary electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
- H05B7/18—Heating by arc discharge
- H05B7/185—Heating gases for arc discharge
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3421—Transferred arc or pilot arc mode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3431—Coaxial cylindrical electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/40—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles using applied magnetic fields, e.g. for focusing or rotating the arc
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heating device for gaseous fluids by means of an electric arc maintained by means of a power source between two main, coaxial, hollow electrodes delimited by surfaces of revolution, forming a treatment chamber approximately. cylindrical.
- Such heating devices are known per se, for example from German patent No. 1 245 509.
- the main electrodes are separated there from one another by an annular gap and each surrounded by a coil supplied by a direct current generating a longitudinal magnetic field relative to the axis common to the main electrodes.
- the known device further comprises means for conveying a gaseous fluid through said treatment chamber and means for injecting a gaseous fluid through said gap in the treatment chamber.
- the installed power is generally a multiple of the power actually used, because each time the arc is extinguished, a new arc must be struck, which requires a starting voltage high.
- the power source supplying the arc thus has a power equal to the ignition voltage times the maximum arc current, while the power used is only equal to the arc voltage in regime times the maximum arc current. .
- Such a current source is expensive; it requires large impedances to limit the current and insulation for very high voltages.
- the object of the invention is to reduce the installed power of such a device to a minimum.
- a new device of this kind is characterized in that in at least one determined location on the outside of the two main electrodes at least one auxiliary electrode is disposed near the narrowest constriction of the annular air gap, at a short distance from another electrode, in that a source of low power, of high voltage initiates at least temporarily a discharge between said auxiliary electrode and and other electrode and in that the fluid injected through the annular gap blows into the said annular gap the plasma generated by this discharge.
- a hollow cylindrical main electrode 1 is placed end-to-end and coaxially with respect to another hollow cylindrical main electrode 2.
- the two electrodes 1 and 2 are spaced from one another and form an air gap annular defined by an insulating part 3 against which the two electrodes 1 and 2 are pressed.
- Each of the electrodes 1 and 2 has a bundle of channels 4 cut for example from the metal of the electrodes. These channels remain open and allow a gaseous fluid to be brought into a distribution space 5 surrounding the annular air gap.
- the gaseous fluid brought into the distribution space 5 is injected through the air gap into the treatment space 6 disposed inside the electrodes through which a gaseous fluid to be treated passes.
- the electrodes 1 and 2 are surrounded by coils 7 and 8 traversed by a direct current, generating a magnetic field along the surfaces of the electrodes 1 and 2.
- An auxiliary electrode 9 crosses the insulating part 3 and approaches the electrode 2 in the distribution space 5 at a location very close to the narrowest throttle of the air gap between the electrodes 1 and 2.
- the auxiliary electrode 9 is connected to an alternating voltage source, not shown, of frequency for example thirty or a thousand times higher than the frequency of the arc current passing through the electrodes 1 and 2.
- the alternating voltage source can be connected on the other hand either to another auxiliary electrode ) not shown, or directly to one of the main electrodes for example the electrode 2.
- a low power discharge is maintained between the electrodes 2 and 9 which generates a certain quantity of electrons and ions which are blown through the air gap and allow to strike the arc at extremely low voltages, only slightly higher than the arc voltage.
- the voltage of the auxiliary voltage source must be chosen equal to 28 kV, the maximum intensity of this source can be limited to 500 mA. Or the power of 14 kVA at a frequency of, for example, 50,000 Hz.
- the current source connected to the main electrodes can operate at 50 Hz with a voltage of only 3 kV and an intensity of 5 kA or a power of 15 MVA. This useful power therefore requires only about 10% supplement to ensure the re-striking of the arc.
- the invention is applicable both to striking arcs in direct current or in alternating current.
- the ignition of the arc using the auxiliary electrode can be done when the arc is extinguished, for example by means of a short pulse train.
- intermittent ignition can only be envisaged in the case where the operating conditions are very stable and where the arcing strikes are erratic and rare.
- This voltage can be continuous or alternating preferably at a frequency of at least 20 times the frequency of the voltage applied between the main electrodes.
- the intensity of the discharge current maintained by the auxiliary electrode depends on the gas pressure, its nature, the distance of the auxiliary electrode, the main electrode and the narrowest air gap between the electrodes. main. It is chosen to be large enough to guarantee re-strikes of the main arc at each alternation of the main current or at each interruption of the main current.
- An intensity of 500 mA is sufficient in a hydrogen atmosphere at atmospheric pressure and when the auxiliary electrode is at a distance of 10 mm from the narrowest air gap between the main electrodes and 5 mm from the mass of the electrode nearest main.
Abstract
Description
La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif de chauffage pour fluides gazeux au moyen d'un arc électrique entretenu au moyen d'une source de puissance entre deux électrodes principales, coaxiales, creuses délimitées par des surfaces de révolution, formant une chambre de traitement approximativement cylindrique. De tels dispositifs de chauffage sont en soi connus par exemple par le brevet allemand No. 1 245 509. Les électrodes principales y sont séparées l'une de l'autre par un entrefer annulaire et entourées chacune par une bobine alimentée par un courant continu engendrant un champ magnétique longitudinal par rapport à l'axe commun aux électrodes principales. Le dispositif connu comprend, en outre, des moyens pour véhiculer un fluide gazeux à travers la dite chambre de traitement et des moyens pour injecter un fluide gazeux à travers le dit entrefer dans la chambre de traitement.The present invention relates to a heating device for gaseous fluids by means of an electric arc maintained by means of a power source between two main, coaxial, hollow electrodes delimited by surfaces of revolution, forming a treatment chamber approximately. cylindrical. Such heating devices are known per se, for example from German patent No. 1 245 509. The main electrodes are separated there from one another by an annular gap and each surrounded by a coil supplied by a direct current generating a longitudinal magnetic field relative to the axis common to the main electrodes. The known device further comprises means for conveying a gaseous fluid through said treatment chamber and means for injecting a gaseous fluid through said gap in the treatment chamber.
Dans les dispositifs de chauffage du genre décrit ci-dessus, la puissance installée est en général un multiple de la puissance effectivement utilisée, car à chaque extinction de l'arc, un nouvel arc doit être amorcé, ce qui nécessite une tension d'amorçage élevée. Par contre dès que l'amorçage a eu lieu, la tension entre les électrodes tombe à une valeur relativement faible, ne dépendant que très peu de l'intensité du courant qui peut être très elevée. La source de puissance alimentant l'arc possède ainsi une puissance égale à la tension d'amorçage fois le courant d'arc maximum, tandis que la puissance utilisée est égale seulement à la tension d'arc en régime fois le courant d'arc maximum. Une telle source de courant est coûteuse; elle nécessite des impédances importantes pour limiter le courant et une isolation pour des tensions très élevées.In heating devices of the kind described above, the installed power is generally a multiple of the power actually used, because each time the arc is extinguished, a new arc must be struck, which requires a starting voltage high. By cons as soon as the ignition has taken place, the voltage between the electrodes drops to a relatively low value, depending very little on the intensity of the current which can be very high. The power source supplying the arc thus has a power equal to the ignition voltage times the maximum arc current, while the power used is only equal to the arc voltage in regime times the maximum arc current. . Such a current source is expensive; it requires large impedances to limit the current and insulation for very high voltages.
L'invention a pour but de réduire à un minimum la puissance installée d'un tel dispositif.The object of the invention is to reduce the installed power of such a device to a minimum.
Pour ce faire, suivant l'invention un nouveau dispositif de ce genre est caractérisé en ce qu'en au moins un endroit déterminé du côté extérieur des deux électrodes principales au moins une électrode auxiliaire est disposée à proximité de l'étranglement le plus étroit de l' entrefer annulaire, à faible distance d'une autre électrode, en ce qu' une source de faible puissance, de tension élevée amorce au moins temporairement une décharge entre les dites électrode auxiliaire et et autre électrode et en ce que le fluide injecté à travers l'entrefer annulaire souffle dans le dit entrefer annulaire le plasma engendré par cette décharge.To do this, according to the invention a new device of this kind is characterized in that in at least one determined location on the outside of the two main electrodes at least one auxiliary electrode is disposed near the narrowest constriction of the annular air gap, at a short distance from another electrode, in that a source of low power, of high voltage initiates at least temporarily a discharge between said auxiliary electrode and and other electrode and in that the fluid injected through the annular gap blows into the said annular gap the plasma generated by this discharge.
L'invention est décrite ci-dessous par rapport à un exemple d'une forme d'exécution en se référant au dessin annexé.The invention is described below with respect to an example of an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.
A la figure 1, une électrode principale cylindrique creuse 1 est disposée bout-à-bout et coaxialement par rapport à une autre électrode principale cylindrique creuse 2. Les deux électrodes 1 et 2 sont écartées l'une de l'autre et forment un entrefer annulaire défini par une pièce isolante 3 contre laquelle sont pressées les deux électrodes 1 et 2. Chacune des électrodes 1 et 2 présente un faisceau de canaux 4 taillés par exemple dans le métal des électrodes. Ces canaux restent ouverts et permettent d'amener un fluide gazeux dans un espace de distribution 5 entourant l'entrefer annulaire. Le fluide gazeux amené dans l'espace de distribution 5 est injecté à travers l'entrefer dans l'espace de traitement 6 disposé à l'intérieur des électrodes dans lequel passe un fluide gazeux à traiter. Les électrodes 1 et 2 sont entourés de bobines 7 et 8 parcourues par un courant continu, engendrant un champ magnétique longeant les surfaces des électrodes 1 et 2. Une électrode auxiliaire 9 traverse la pièce isolante 3 et s'approche de l'électrode 2 dans l'espace de distribution 5 à un endroit très proche de l' étranglement le plus étroit de l'entrefer entre les électrodes 1 et 2. L'électrode auxiliaire 9 est reliée à une source de tension alternative,non représentée, de fréquence par exemple trente ou mille fois plus élevée que la fréquence du courant d'arc traversant les électrodes 1 et 2. La source de tension alternative peut être relié d'autre part soit à une autre électrode auxiliaire)non représentée, soit directement à une des électrodes principales par exemple l'électrode 2. Une décharge de faible puissance est entretenue entre les électrodes 2 et 9 qui engendre une certaine quantité d' électrons et ions qui sont soufflés à travers l'entrefer et permettent de réamorcer l'arc à des tensions ex- trèmement basses, seulement peu supérieures à la tension d'arc.In FIG. 1, a hollow cylindrical main electrode 1 is placed end-to-end and coaxially with respect to another hollow cylindrical
Si d'autre part, la tension de la source de tension auxiliaire doit être choisie égale à 28 kV, l'intensité maximum de cette source peut être limitée à 500 mA. Soit la puissance de 14 kVA à une fréquence de par exemple 50.000 Hz. Par contre la source de courant reliée aux électrodes principales peut fonctionner à 50 Hz avec une tension de seulement 3 kVet une intensité de 5 kA soit une puissance de 15 MVA. Cette puissance utile ne nécessite donc qu'environ 10% de supplément pour assurer le réamorçage de l'arc. L'invention est applicable aussi bien à l'amorçage d'arcs en courant continu ou en courant alternatif.If, on the other hand, the voltage of the auxiliary voltage source must be chosen equal to 28 kV, the maximum intensity of this source can be limited to 500 mA. Or the power of 14 kVA at a frequency of, for example, 50,000 Hz. On the other hand, the current source connected to the main electrodes can operate at 50 Hz with a voltage of only 3 kV and an intensity of 5 kA or a power of 15 MVA. This useful power therefore requires only about 10% supplement to ensure the re-striking of the arc. The invention is applicable both to striking arcs in direct current or in alternating current.
Dans le cas du fonctionnement de l'installation décrite au moyen d'une décharge à courant continu, l'allumage de l'arc à l'aide de l'électrode auxiliaire peut se faire au moment de l'extinction de l'arc, par exemple au moyen d'un train d'impulsions de courte durée. Mais un tel allumage intermittent ne peut être envisagé que dans le cas où les conditions de fonctionnement sont très stables et où les désamorçages de l'arc sont erratiques et rares.In the case of the operation of the installation described by means of a direct current discharge, the ignition of the arc using the auxiliary electrode can be done when the arc is extinguished, for example by means of a short pulse train. However, such intermittent ignition can only be envisaged in the case where the operating conditions are very stable and where the arcing strikes are erratic and rare.
Si les désamorçages sont fréquents, il est plus opportun de maintenir en permanence la tension aux bornes de l'électrode auxiliaire. Cette tension peut être continue ou alternative de préférence à une fréquence d'au moins 20 fois la fréquence de la tension appliquée entre les électrodes principales.If defusing is frequent, it is more advisable to permanently maintain the voltage across the auxiliary electrode. This voltage can be continuous or alternating preferably at a frequency of at least 20 times the frequency of the voltage applied between the main electrodes.
L'intensité du courant de la décharge entretenu par l'électrode auxiliaire dépend de la pression de gaz, de sa nature, de la distance de l'électrode auxiliaire, de l'électrode principale et de l'entrefer le plus étroit entre les électrodes principales. Elle est choisie suffisamment grande pour garantir des réamorçages de l'arc principal à chaque alternance du courant principal ou à chaque interruption du courant principal. Une intensité de 500 mA est suffisante dans une ambiance hydrogène à pression atmosphérique et lorsque l'électrode auxiliaire se trouve à une distance de 10 mm de l'entrefer le plus étroit entre les électrodes principales et de 5 mm de la masse de l'électrode principale la plus proche.The intensity of the discharge current maintained by the auxiliary electrode depends on the gas pressure, its nature, the distance of the auxiliary electrode, the main electrode and the narrowest air gap between the electrodes. main. It is chosen to be large enough to guarantee re-strikes of the main arc at each alternation of the main current or at each interruption of the main current. An intensity of 500 mA is sufficient in a hydrogen atmosphere at atmospheric pressure and when the auxiliary electrode is at a distance of 10 mm from the narrowest air gap between the main electrodes and 5 mm from the mass of the electrode nearest main.
Au lieu d'amorçer l'arc entre l'électrode auxiliaire 9 et l'électrode principale 2, il est possible aussi de l'amorcer entre deux électrodes auxiliaires dont les extrémités se rapprochent à proximité de l'entrefer annulaire.Instead of striking the arc between the auxiliary electrode 9 and the
Il est aussi possible de prévoir plusieurs électrodes auxiliaires autour de l'entrefer annulaire et de faire amorcer les arcs d'allumage à tour de rôle à l'endroit d'électrodes auxiliaires différents afin d' en limiter l'usure.It is also possible to provide several auxiliary electrodes around the annular air gap and to initiate the ignition arcs in turn at the location of different auxiliary electrodes in order to limit wear.
Claims (3)
caractérisé en ce qu'en au moins un endroit déterminé du côté extérieur des électrodes principales (1,2) au moins une électrode auxiliaire (9) est disposée à proximité de l'étranglement le plus étroit de l'entrefer annulaire à faible distance d'une autre électrode (2), en ce qu'une source de faible puissance de tension élevée amorce au moins temporairement une décharge entre les dites électrode auxiliaire (9) et autre électrode (2) et en ce que le fluide injecté à travers l'entrefer annulaire souffle dans le dit entrefer annulaire le plasma engendré par cette décharge.ì. Device for heating gaseous fluids by means of an electric arc maintained by means of a power source between two main coaxial, hollow electrodes (1,2), delimited by surfaces of revolution, forming an approximately cylindrical treatment chamber ( 6), these main electrodes being separated from each other by an annular air gap and each surrounded by a coil (7,8) supplied by a direct current generating a longitudinal magnetic field relative to the axis common to said electrodes main, this device comprising means for conveying a gaseous fluid through said treatment chamber (6) and means for injecting a gaseous fluid through said air gap in the treatment chamber (6),
characterized in that at least one determined location on the outside of the main electrodes (1,2) at least one auxiliary electrode (9) is arranged in the vicinity of the narrowest constriction of the annular air gap at short distance d 'another electrode (2), in that a source of low power of high voltage initiates at least temporarily a discharge between said auxiliary electrode (9) and other electrode (2) and in that the fluid injected through the annular air gap blows in said annular air gap the plasma generated by this discharge.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP82200213A EP0087523A1 (en) | 1982-02-22 | 1982-02-22 | Equipment for the heating of a gas fluid by means of an electric arc |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP82200213A EP0087523A1 (en) | 1982-02-22 | 1982-02-22 | Equipment for the heating of a gas fluid by means of an electric arc |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0087523A1 true EP0087523A1 (en) | 1983-09-07 |
Family
ID=8189467
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP82200213A Ceased EP0087523A1 (en) | 1982-02-22 | 1982-02-22 | Equipment for the heating of a gas fluid by means of an electric arc |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0087523A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1989011775A1 (en) * | 1988-05-17 | 1989-11-30 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Or | Electric arc reactor |
| AU618372B2 (en) * | 1989-05-17 | 1991-12-19 | Srl Plasma Pty Ltd | Electric arc reactor |
| CN108322988A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-07-24 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of commutation switch device suitable for flexible DC power transmission dc circuit breaker |
| WO2022262097A1 (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-12-22 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Plasma generator having intermediate section structure |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1311252A (en) * | 1961-10-06 | 1962-12-07 | Soudure Electr Autogene | Installation for obtaining a high temperature plasma |
| DE1232289B (en) * | 1964-06-11 | 1967-01-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Plasma torch for three-phase operation |
| DE1245509B (en) * | 1964-03-06 | 1967-07-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Plasma jet generator |
| US3452239A (en) * | 1966-12-05 | 1969-06-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Multi-electrode arc heaters |
| DE2255483A1 (en) * | 1971-12-09 | 1973-06-14 | British Titan Ltd | HEATING DEVICE |
| US4038512A (en) * | 1975-08-11 | 1977-07-26 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Self-stabilizing arc heater |
-
1982
- 1982-02-22 EP EP82200213A patent/EP0087523A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1311252A (en) * | 1961-10-06 | 1962-12-07 | Soudure Electr Autogene | Installation for obtaining a high temperature plasma |
| DE1245509B (en) * | 1964-03-06 | 1967-07-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Plasma jet generator |
| DE1232289B (en) * | 1964-06-11 | 1967-01-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Plasma torch for three-phase operation |
| US3452239A (en) * | 1966-12-05 | 1969-06-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Multi-electrode arc heaters |
| DE2255483A1 (en) * | 1971-12-09 | 1973-06-14 | British Titan Ltd | HEATING DEVICE |
| US4038512A (en) * | 1975-08-11 | 1977-07-26 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Self-stabilizing arc heater |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1989011775A1 (en) * | 1988-05-17 | 1989-11-30 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Or | Electric arc reactor |
| AU618372B2 (en) * | 1989-05-17 | 1991-12-19 | Srl Plasma Pty Ltd | Electric arc reactor |
| CN108322988A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-07-24 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of commutation switch device suitable for flexible DC power transmission dc circuit breaker |
| WO2022262097A1 (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-12-22 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Plasma generator having intermediate section structure |
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