EP0089383A1 - Quantized (digital) heating plate - Google Patents
Quantized (digital) heating plate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0089383A1 EP0089383A1 EP82102230A EP82102230A EP0089383A1 EP 0089383 A1 EP0089383 A1 EP 0089383A1 EP 82102230 A EP82102230 A EP 82102230A EP 82102230 A EP82102230 A EP 82102230A EP 0089383 A1 EP0089383 A1 EP 0089383A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- segments
- heating plate
- digital
- heat
- sketch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L7/00—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
- B01L7/54—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices using spatial temperature gradients
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L7/00—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
Definitions
- the temperature distribution between the two heating sources B1 and B2 is based solely on the thermal conductivity of the selected material. It prevents the desired temperature distribution even if control points (C3, C4) are relocated to the block area between the heating sources (B1, B2). Even if additional heating sources (B3, B4) are installed in the block area, the result is unsatisfactory.
- the heating surface is divided into the smallest possible segments (S1, S2, .... Sn).
- Each individual segment (sketch 3) has a heat source (H) and a heat sensor (W) as a sensor, which are arranged in a mass (M).
- H heat source
- W heat sensor
- M mass
- the shape of a segment can be chosen so that it meets the geometric requirements for any heating surface.
- Sketch 2 shows an exemplary arrangement of these segments to form a rectangular heating surface, for example.
- each segment can assume a defined target temperature that is independent of other segments. Because the heat flow from a warmer to a colder segment is prevented there must be a thermal insulation material (I) between the segments (sketch 3a). A thermally conductive material (L) is built into this insulating material (I) so that the inevitably penetrated heat can be dissipated to the environment.
- the digital heating plate consists of a sufficiently large number of segments of the type described. Temperature curves of any curve shape can be realized on this digital heating plate.
- All segments can be controlled centrally. This is possible because each segment forms a completely self-contained unit. A temperature fault can be corrected immediately because the heating power of each segment represents a multiple of the nominal power.
- connection between the heating element and the segment, or mass (M) is designed to be as loss-free as possible. The same applies to the connection to the sensor.
- the target-actual deviation of each segment ( ⁇ 0.3 ° C) applies to the entire surface of the digital heating plate; the temperature reproducibility is accordingly high.
- segment formation in the digital heating plate is that each individual segment can be regulated very quickly - due to its correspondingly much lower heat capacity. Derived from this, water cooling is completely eliminated.
Abstract
Description
Man braucht Geräte zur wärmetechnischen Untersuchung bei chemo-thermischen Reaktionen. Ziel ist es, auf einer beliebigen Fläche, eine beliebige Temperaturverteilung möglichst präzise zu erstellen.You need equipment for thermal analysis in chemo-thermal reactions. The aim is to create any temperature distribution as precisely as possible on any surface.
Dem Stand der Technik entsprechend gibt es Geräte mit Heizblöcken, die folgenden prinzipiellen Aufbau besitzen (Skizze 1):
- Der rechteckige Heizblock (A) besitzt zwei Heizquellen (B1, B2) und zwei Wärmefühler (C1, C2) als Sensoren an den beiden äußeren Blockenden. Die Heizquellen erzeugen zwei unterschiedliche Temperaturen, um den über die Blocklänge angestrebten Temperaturverlauf zu erzielen.
- The rectangular heating block (A) has two heating sources (B1, B2) and two heat sensors (C1, C2) as sensors at the two ends of the block. The heating sources generate two different temperatures in order to achieve the desired temperature profile over the block length.
Angestrebt ist bisher ein linearer Temperaturverlauf nach der Beziehung 24 = al + b. Hierbei gilt:
- a = Änderungskonstante
- 1 = Längsausdehnung des Heizblockes
- b = niedrigster Wert des Temperaturverlaufes, der mindestens etwas oberhalb der Umgebungstemperatur liegen muß.
- a = change constant
- 1 = longitudinal expansion of the heating block
- b = lowest value of the temperature profile, which must be at least slightly above the ambient temperature.
Die Temperaturverteilung zwischen den beiden Heizquellen B1 und B2 beruht beim Blockprinzip allein auf der Wärmeleiteigenschaft des gewählten Materials. Sie verhindert die angestrebte Temperaturverteilung auch dann, wenn Kontrollstellen zusätzlich (C3, C4) in den Blockbereich zwischen den Heizquellen (B1, B2) verlegt werden. Selbst wenn zusätzliche Heizquellen (B3, B4) in den Blockbereich eingebaut werden, ist das Ergebnis unbefriedigend.With the block principle, the temperature distribution between the two heating sources B1 and B2 is based solely on the thermal conductivity of the selected material. It prevents the desired temperature distribution even if control points (C3, C4) are relocated to the block area between the heating sources (B1, B2). Even if additional heating sources (B3, B4) are installed in the block area, the result is unsatisfactory.
Die block- und materialbedingte Wärmeverteilung erfordert auch erheblichen Zeitbedarf, durchschnittlich 2 Stunden für z. B. △24 = 150° c.The block and material-related heat distribution also requires considerable time, on
Prinzipbedingt ergeben sich zusätzliche Nachteile:
- - Die Abweichung vom Sollwert ist erheblich und für viele Anwendungen unzureichend, . B. 30%.
- - Die Reproduzierbarkeit V (1, t) ist für die meisten Anwendungen ebenfalls unzureichend.
- - Der bisher geschilderte Aufbau verhindert nicht, daß ungewollt Wärme (dem physikalischen Gesetz folgend) von heißeren zu kälteren Stellen abfließt, mit der Folge,daß die Verteilung noch mehr abweicht.
- - Der Zeitbedarf zum Erreichen einer Sollverteilung ist,durch diesen Aufbau bedingt, überhaupt nicht beeinflußbar und variiert mit den Umgebungsbedingungen; jede wissenschaftliche Untersuchung bei chemo-thermischen Reaktionen hat somit, empirisch bedingt, einen hohen Unsicherheitsfaktor und Zeitbedarf.
- - Die in Querrichtung benötigte Temperaturkonstanz ist beim Blockprinzip unzureichend; man hat versucht, mit Wasserkühlung das Längsverhalten gegen Schwankungen zu verbessern; dabei ist jedoch das Querverhalten des Temperaturverlaufs weiter verschlechtert worden.
- - The deviation from the target value is considerable and inadequate for many applications. B. 30%.
- - The reproducibility V (1, t) is also insufficient for most applications.
- - The structure described so far does not prevent unwanted heat (according to the physical law) from flowing from hotter to colder places, with the result that the distribution deviates even more.
- - Due to this structure, the time required to reach a target distribution cannot be influenced at all and varies with the ambient conditions; Every scientific investigation of chemo-thermal reactions therefore has, empirically, a high degree of uncertainty and time.
- - The constant temperature required in the transverse direction is insufficient with the block principle; attempts have been made to improve the longitudinal behavior against fluctuations with water cooling; however, the transverse behavior of the temperature profile has deteriorated further.
Den Forderungen besser Rechnung tragend wird erfindungsgemäß hier eine digitale Heizplatte vorgeschlagen (Skizze 2).Taking the demands better into account, a digital heating plate is proposed here according to the invention (sketch 2).
Statt eines Blocks wird die Heizfläche in möglichst kleine Segmente (S1, S2, .... Sn) unterteilt. Jedes einzelne Segment (Skizze 3) besitzt eine Heizquelle (H) und einen Wärmefühler (W) als Sensor, die in einer Masse (M) angeordnet sind. Die Form eines Segments kann so gewählt werden, daß sie den geometrischen Anforderungen an beliebige Heizflächen gerecht wird. Skizze 2 zeigt eine beispielhafte Anordnung dieser Segmente zu einer beispielsweise rechteckigen Heizfläche.Instead of a block, the heating surface is divided into the smallest possible segments (S1, S2, .... Sn). Each individual segment (sketch 3) has a heat source (H) and a heat sensor (W) as a sensor, which are arranged in a mass (M). The shape of a segment can be chosen so that it meets the geometric requirements for any heating surface.
Jedes Segment kann aufgrund seines Aufbaus eine definierte - von anderen Segmenten unabhängige - Solltemperatur annehmen. Da der Wärmefluß von einem wärmeren zu einem kälteren Segment unterbunden werden muß, befindet sich zwischen den Segmenten (Skizze 3a) ein thermisches Isoliermaterial (I). In dieses Isoliermaterial (I) ist ein thermisch leitendes Material (L) eingebaut, derart daß die unvermeidbar durchgedrungene Wärme an die Umgebung abgeführt werden kann.Due to its structure, each segment can assume a defined target temperature that is independent of other segments. Because the heat flow from a warmer to a colder segment is prevented there must be a thermal insulation material (I) between the segments (
Die digitale Heiplatte besteht aus einer genügend großen Anzahl von Segmenten der beschriebenen Art. Auf dieser digitalen Heizplatte können Temperaturverläufe beliebigen Kurvenformen folgend realisiert werden.The digital heating plate consists of a sufficiently large number of segments of the type described. Temperature curves of any curve shape can be realized on this digital heating plate.
Ein spezielles Material (G) auf der Heizfläche erfüllt zwei Zwecke:
- 1. zeitliche Schwankungen der Isttemperatur jedes einzelnen Segmentes werden stark reduziert (Skizze 4)
- 2. über mehrere Segmente hinweg übt es eine integrierende Wirkung aus (Skizze 5).
- 1. Temporal fluctuations in the actual temperature of each individual segment are greatly reduced (sketch 4)
- 2. It has an integrating effect across several segments (sketch 5).
Alle Segmente könne zentral gesteuert werden. Dieses ist möglich, weil jedes Segment eine vollkommen in sich abgeschlossene Einheit bildet. Eine Temperaturstörung kann sofort ausgeregelt werden, weil die Heizleistung jedes Segmentes ein Vielfaches der Nennleistung darstellt.All segments can be controlled centrally. This is possible because each segment forms a completely self-contained unit. A temperature fault can be corrected immediately because the heating power of each segment represents a multiple of the nominal power.
Die Verbindung zwischen Heizelement und Segment, bzw. Masse (M), ist so verlustfrei wie möglich ausgelegt. Das Gleiche gilt für die Verbindung zum Sensor.The connection between the heating element and the segment, or mass (M), is designed to be as loss-free as possible. The same applies to the connection to the sensor.
Die Soll-Ist-Abweichung eines jeden Segmentes ( ± 0,3°C) gilt bei der digitalen Heizplatte für die gesamte Fläche; demgemäß hoch ist die Reproduzierbarkeit der Temperatur.The target-actual deviation of each segment (± 0.3 ° C) applies to the entire surface of the digital heating plate; the temperature reproducibility is accordingly high.
Die Segmentbildung bei der digitalen Heizplatte hat einen weiteren Vorteil zur Folge: der Zeitbedarf zum Erreichen des Sollwertes jeden Segmentes lässt sich z. B. auf drei Minuten bei △ 24= 150oC herabsetzen - auch hier ist dieser Wert für die gesamte Heizfläche gültig.The segment formation in the digital heating plate has a further advantage: the time required to reach the setpoint of each segment can, for. B. reduce to three minutes at △ 24 = 150 o C - this value is also valid for the entire heating surface.
Ein weiterer Vorteil der Segmentbildung bei der digitalen Heizplatte ist, daß jedes einzelne Segment sich sehr schnell regeln lässt - bedingt durch seine dementsprechend viel geringere Wärmekapazität. Hiervon abgeleitet entfällt eine Wasserkühlung vollständig.Another advantage of segment formation in the digital heating plate is that each individual segment can be regulated very quickly - due to its correspondingly much lower heat capacity. Derived from this, water cooling is completely eliminated.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19820102230 EP0089383B1 (en) | 1982-03-18 | 1982-03-18 | Quantized (digital) heating plate |
DE8282102230T DE3265723D1 (en) | 1982-03-18 | 1982-03-18 | Quantized (digital) heating plate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19820102230 EP0089383B1 (en) | 1982-03-18 | 1982-03-18 | Quantized (digital) heating plate |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0089383A1 true EP0089383A1 (en) | 1983-09-28 |
EP0089383B1 EP0089383B1 (en) | 1985-08-28 |
Family
ID=8188929
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19820102230 Expired EP0089383B1 (en) | 1982-03-18 | 1982-03-18 | Quantized (digital) heating plate |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0089383B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3265723D1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6437299B1 (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2002-08-20 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Heating apparatus for splice protector with separate heating conductor patterns |
US7611674B2 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2009-11-03 | Applied Biosystems, Llc | Device for the carrying out of chemical or biological reactions |
US7727479B2 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2010-06-01 | Applied Biosystems, Llc | Device for the carrying out of chemical or biological reactions |
EP1955771A3 (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 2011-02-16 | Eppendorf Ag | Tempering block with tempering device |
US8676383B2 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2014-03-18 | Applied Biosystems, Llc | Device for carrying out chemical or biological reactions |
US10137452B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2018-11-27 | Life Technologies Corporation | Thermal uniformity for thermal cycler instrumentation using dynamic control |
US10471431B2 (en) | 2014-02-18 | 2019-11-12 | Life Technologies Corporation | Apparatuses, systems and methods for providing scalable thermal cyclers and isolating thermoelectric devices |
US10835901B2 (en) | 2013-09-16 | 2020-11-17 | Life Technologies Corporation | Apparatuses, systems and methods for providing thermocycler thermal uniformity |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH122021A (en) * | 1926-09-30 | 1927-08-16 | Schmid Vetter Emil | Electric hotplate. |
DE537125C (en) * | 1931-10-30 | Henry August Plieger | Heating plate in which electrical resistors for heating the plate are installed in insulated channels that are closed at both ends | |
DE3010334A1 (en) * | 1980-03-18 | 1981-09-24 | Anni 4200 Oberhausen Dembski | Electrically heated hot-plate with typically three elements - with each element comprising resistance wire in chamber in insulating baseplate, with top plates borne by support rods |
-
1982
- 1982-03-18 DE DE8282102230T patent/DE3265723D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-18 EP EP19820102230 patent/EP0089383B1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE537125C (en) * | 1931-10-30 | Henry August Plieger | Heating plate in which electrical resistors for heating the plate are installed in insulated channels that are closed at both ends | |
CH122021A (en) * | 1926-09-30 | 1927-08-16 | Schmid Vetter Emil | Electric hotplate. |
DE3010334A1 (en) * | 1980-03-18 | 1981-09-24 | Anni 4200 Oberhausen Dembski | Electrically heated hot-plate with typically three elements - with each element comprising resistance wire in chamber in insulating baseplate, with top plates borne by support rods |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1955771A3 (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 2011-02-16 | Eppendorf Ag | Tempering block with tempering device |
US6518551B2 (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2003-02-11 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Apparatus and a method for heating a protective member for an optical fiber fusion splicing part |
US6437299B1 (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2002-08-20 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Heating apparatus for splice protector with separate heating conductor patterns |
US8721972B2 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2014-05-13 | Applied Biosystems, Llc | Device for the carrying out of chemical or biological reactions |
US7611674B2 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2009-11-03 | Applied Biosystems, Llc | Device for the carrying out of chemical or biological reactions |
US8389288B2 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2013-03-05 | Applied Biosystems, Llc | Device for the carrying out of chemical or biological reactions |
US9914125B2 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2018-03-13 | Applied Biosystems, Llc | Device for the carrying out of chemical or biological reactions |
US7727479B2 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2010-06-01 | Applied Biosystems, Llc | Device for the carrying out of chemical or biological reactions |
US9457351B2 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2016-10-04 | Applied Biosystems, Llc | Device for carrying out chemical or biological reactions |
US8676383B2 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2014-03-18 | Applied Biosystems, Llc | Device for carrying out chemical or biological reactions |
US10137452B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2018-11-27 | Life Technologies Corporation | Thermal uniformity for thermal cycler instrumentation using dynamic control |
US10835901B2 (en) | 2013-09-16 | 2020-11-17 | Life Technologies Corporation | Apparatuses, systems and methods for providing thermocycler thermal uniformity |
US10471431B2 (en) | 2014-02-18 | 2019-11-12 | Life Technologies Corporation | Apparatuses, systems and methods for providing scalable thermal cyclers and isolating thermoelectric devices |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0089383B1 (en) | 1985-08-28 |
DE3265723D1 (en) | 1985-10-03 |
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