EP0176021A2 - Tennis racket - Google Patents

Tennis racket Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0176021A2
EP0176021A2 EP85111713A EP85111713A EP0176021A2 EP 0176021 A2 EP0176021 A2 EP 0176021A2 EP 85111713 A EP85111713 A EP 85111713A EP 85111713 A EP85111713 A EP 85111713A EP 0176021 A2 EP0176021 A2 EP 0176021A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
racket
height
handle
cross
ball
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
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EP85111713A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0176021B1 (en
EP0176021A3 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Kuebler
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT85111713T priority Critical patent/ATE63836T1/en
Priority to EP88202025A priority patent/EP0310169B2/en
Publication of EP0176021A2 publication Critical patent/EP0176021A2/en
Publication of EP0176021A3 publication Critical patent/EP0176021A3/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
    • A63B49/02—Frames
    • A63B49/03—Frames characterised by throat sections, i.e. sections or elements between the head and the shaft
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
    • A63B49/02—Frames
    • A63B2049/0211—Frames with variable thickness of the head in a direction perpendicular to the string plane
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
    • A63B60/002—Resonance frequency related characteristics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a racket for games with a limited elastic ball, in particular tennis rackets, with a covering provided in a clamping frame, a heating zone adjoining the clamping frame and an end handle.
  • Such a conventional tennis racket has a height of the uncovered handle of 23 to 32 mm, and the height of the tensioning frame - seen in the direction of impact, that is to say at right angles to the stringing - is below the handle thickness. OS 30 18 354 reproduced.
  • the basic idea leads to the solution of this task.
  • the resonance frequency of the strung racket which is fixed to the handle, approximately to the time period in which the ball remains in contact with the covering;
  • the natural frequency of the racket with the excitation frequency of the ball - i.w. agree, that is 83 to 200 Hz, preferably 100 to 140 Hz.
  • the ball contact is 2.5 to 6 ms for half a vibration. Thanks to these specifications, a racket is created that completely fulfills the task seen by the inventor.
  • the racket according to the invention - which corresponds to known rackets insofar as its tensioning frame or a profile rod resulting from it has a cross-sectional width between 8 and 16 mm measured in the plane of the covering - has an moment of inertia which is 4 to 16 times higher than the moment of inertia of a tennis racket according to the prior art, the cross-sectional height of which is equal to or less than the thickness of its handle.
  • the latter is determined by the human hand and therefore remains without influence on the club design.
  • the foregoing proviso applies the ratio of Hand g riffdicke to the height of a cross section for a profiled bar, from which the clamping frame is made and which extends over the clamping frame out of the core region to the handle.
  • the height of the cross-section of the profile bar and / or stenter has proven to be a measure above the thickness of the handle up to approximately 45 mm.
  • the height of the cross section or profile of the racket or stenter which is perpendicular to the covering, increases in relation to the handle thickness abruptly or gradually and can decrease - abruptly or gradually - from the point of greatest extent to the club head.
  • the racket has thus proven to be advantageous for the racket to have its greatest height in the heart zone and to taper both towards the handle and towards the club head, that is to say in both directions of the longitudinal axis, with its greatest height preferably remaining constant in an area running on both sides of the heart zone is.
  • the greatest height of the racket is arranged at the transition to the handle - the racket or cross-sectional height can decrease from this transition or at a distance from it towards the racket head.
  • the decrease may take place continuously with the creation of a straight longitudinal section for the profile, but it is also possible to produce the contour curved or curved.
  • the configuration of the heart zone as a narrow frame web, the height of which is less than the height of the profile bar.
  • the longitudinal axis of the racket is also an axis of symmetry, i. H. the cross-section of the clamping frame described is on the other side of the axis of symmetry a corresponding cross-section.
  • the covering determines a plane of symmetry according to a feature of the invention.
  • a tennis racket 10 of known type shown by way of example in FIGS. 1 to 3 has an oval clamping frame 12 made of a correspondingly curved profile bar 13, which ends on both sides of the racket longitudinal axis M in - defining a plate-shaped heart 14 - profile arms 15.
  • the latter are fixed in a handle 16 with a thickness i of 26 to 32 mm; the thickness i is measured on handles 16 without wrapping leather and without considering a handle cap 17.
  • Tensioning frame 12 and heart 14 surround a stringing surface Q composed of transverse strings 18 and longitudinal strings 19 crossing them.
  • the preferred point of impact for a tennis ball (not shown) is designated by S in FIG. 1.
  • the tensioning frame 12 or its profile bar 13 is rectangular in cross section, the side walls 20 of which run, for example, at a distance a of 7 mm and the transverse walls 21 of which run at a distance b of 17 mm.
  • the outer width m is 11 mm and the outer height n is 21 mm. The latter is otherwise far lower than the thickness i of the handle 16.
  • the natural frequency f o of the tennis racket 10 clamped in accordance with the diagram according to FIG. 5 can be measured by an action on the longitudinal axis M of the racket Force P is suddenly removed.
  • the dimension d is proportional to the deflection of the force P made clear in FIG. 5. But it is also related to the natural frequency of the tennis racket 10 in the longitudinal direction; If a tennis racket has a deflection of d 1 and another one of d 2 under the same force P, the natural frequency of the second tennis racket can be calculated approximately according to the following relationship:
  • Fig. 4 shows a vibration curve in the longitudinal direction for a conventional tennis racket D according to Fig. 1 to 3.
  • a ball touches the net of covering Q and forces the tenter 12 to follow the ball frequency. This movement seeks to counteract dynamic inertial forces of the tenter frame 12.
  • Arrived at point B the ball reverses its direction and leaves the string Q following the ball approximately at point C.
  • the design of a tennis racket 30 according to FIGS. 6 to 8 has a resonance frequency, which remedies the described defect;
  • the cross section of the profile rod 33 contains the following dimensions according to FIG. 8 : as the result of a calculation which confirms the agreement of the natural frequency of this tennis racket 30 and the "ball resonance", that is to say the agreement of the excitation frequency with the natural frequency.
  • the calculable cross-sectional area is here is therefore equal to the cross-sectional area of tennis racket 10, which is referred to below as TS 10 .
  • d 10 deflection of TS 10
  • d 30 deflection of tennis racket 30 (TS 30 )
  • FR 10 natural resonance of TS 10 50 Hz *)
  • the deflection under a load P must be 1/6 compared to TS 10 with TS 30 .
  • the deflection d is a function of .
  • the resonance frequency is One assumes so is
  • FIG. 7 shows a frame shape that takes these findings into account, in which an area E with a projecting profile height n extends on both sides of a frame web 34.
  • the profile height n decreases steadily from the area E to the club head 40 on the one hand and to the handle attachment 41.
  • the frame web 34 shown in section in FIG. 7 replaces the previously described heart 14 and has a lower average profile height h than the profile bar 33.
  • the vibration behavior of the tennis racket 30 according to the invention in the longitudinal direction can be seen in FIG. 9.
  • the excitation frequency of the ball now corresponds to its natural frequency.
  • the tennis racket 30 has reached point C or in the immediate vicinity thereof, and in addition to an additional acceleration from the clamping frame 32 of the tennis racket 30, the ball receives an exact trajectory which is no longer distorted by the dimension Z of the deflection is, as shown in Fig. 4. If inaccurate - d. H. outside the longitudinal axis M on the tennis racket 30 or its strings Q-striking balls, a torsional vibration occurs about the longitudinal axis M. This torsional vibration is superimposed on the longitudinal vibration.
  • the entire tennis racket 30 only vibrates sinusoidally at a frequency when it touches the ball and also compensates for torsional deflection by timely swinging back.
  • the handles 16 of the tennis racket 30 (FIGS. 6 to 8) and the embodiments 30 a to 30 c shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 a are of conventional thickness i, which - as said - measures 23 to 32 mm, opposite this thickness i have the subsequent profile bars - better referred to for their changing heights as frame profiles 33 - in all cases a longer outer height n l .
  • the frame profile 33 b of FIG. 11 is a total of that max. Height n l , while the max. Height n 1 of frame profile 33 c (FIG. 12) ends approximately at heart zone H and decreases as height n 0 to club head 40.

Abstract

A racket for playing a game using a ball of limited resiliency such as a tennis racket comprises a racket head frame portion provided with stringing, a handle, and a shaft arrangement connecting the racket head frame portion and the handle. The resonance frequency of the racket head frame portion at least approximately corresponds to the period of time for which a ball is in contact with the strings of the racket when struck thereby, and the natural frequency of the racket substantially corresponds to the excitation frequency of the ball. The thickness of the racket frame as measured in a direction normal to the plane of the stringing is greater than the thickness of the handle as measured in a corresponding direction.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schläger für Spiele mit begrenzt elastischem Ball, insbesondere Tennisschläger, mit in einem Spannrahmen vorgesehener Bespannung, einer an den Spannrahmen anschließenden Henzzone sowie einem endwärtigen Handgriff.The invention relates to a racket for games with a limited elastic ball, in particular tennis rackets, with a covering provided in a clamping frame, a heating zone adjoining the clamping frame and an end handle.

Ein derartiger üblicher Tennisschläger weist eine Höhe des nicht ummantelten Handgriffes von 23 bis 32 mm auf, und die Höhe des Spannrahmens -- in Schlagrichtung, also rechtwinklig zur Bespannung gesehen -- liegt unterhalb der Handgriffdicke.Ein Schläger dieser üblichen Bemaßung wird etwa in DE-OS 30 18 354 wiedergegeben.Such a conventional tennis racket has a height of the uncovered handle of 23 to 32 mm, and the height of the tensioning frame - seen in the direction of impact, that is to say at right angles to the stringing - is below the handle thickness. OS 30 18 354 reproduced.

An im Bereich des Handgriffes eingespannten Tennisschlägern dieser Art wurde durch Versuche eine Eigenfrequenz von 25 bis max. 50 Hz festgestellt; unbespannte Tennisschläger zeigen im allgemeinen geringfügig höhere Werte an.On tennis rackets of this type clamped in the area of the handle, a natural frequency of 25 to max. 50 Hz detected; unstrung tennis rackets generally show slightly higher values.

Ein auf die Bespannung treffender Ball zwingt den Spannrahmen bekanntlich aus der Längsachse des Schlägers und führt zu einer Verschlechterung der Treffsicherheit; die beschriebene Auslenkung des Spannrahmens ist für die Richtung des Balles mit verantwortlich.As is well known, a ball striking the stringing forces the tenter frame out of the longitudinal axis of the racket and leads to a deterioration in the accuracy; the described deflection of the tenter is responsible for the direction of the ball.

Durch die unterschiedlichen Maße der Eigenfrequenz des Tennisschlägers einerseits sowie der "Ballresonanz" von etwa 125 Hz anderseits entstehen über die gesamte Länge eines Spielfeldes nachweislich Abweichungen bis zu einem Meter von der gewünschten Fluglinie des Balles. Die Schlagpräzision bekannter Tennisschläger läßt somit erheblich zu wünschen übrig.Due to the different dimensions of the natural frequency of the tennis racket on the one hand and the "ball resonance" of about 125 Hz on the other hand, deviations of up to one meter from the desired flight line of the ball are evident over the entire length of a playing field. The precision of known tennis rackets leaves much to be desired.

Angesichts dieser Gegebenheiten hat sich der Erfinder das Ziel gesetzt, einen Schläger der eingangs erwähnten Art zu schaffen, bei welchem die beschriebenen Abweichungen erheblich vermindert sind. Das Schlagverhalten des Schlägers soll insgesamt verbessert werden.In view of these circumstances, the inventor has set himself the goal of creating a racket of the type mentioned at the beginning in which the deviations described are considerably reduced. Overall, the striking behavior of the racket should be improved.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe führt der grundsätzliche Gedanke,. die Resonanzfrequenz des -- am Handgriff festliegenden -- bespannten Schlägers näherungsweise der Zeitdauer anzupassen, in welcher der Ball mit der Bespannung in Berührung bleibt; erfindungsgemäß soll die Eigenfrequenz des Schlägers mit der Erregerfrequenz des Balles - i.w. übereinstimmen, also 83 bis 200 Hz, bevorzugt 100 bis 140 Hz, betragen. Der Ballkontakt beträgt 2,5 bis 6 ms für eine halbe Schwingung. Dank dieser Vorgaben entsteht ein Schläger, der die vom Erfinder gesehene Aufgabe in vollkommener Weise löst.The basic idea leads to the solution of this task. to adapt the resonance frequency of the strung racket, which is fixed to the handle, approximately to the time period in which the ball remains in contact with the covering; According to the invention, the natural frequency of the racket with the excitation frequency of the ball - i.w. agree, that is 83 to 200 Hz, preferably 100 to 140 Hz. The ball contact is 2.5 to 6 ms for half a vibration. Thanks to these specifications, a racket is created that completely fulfills the task seen by the inventor.

Der erfindungsgemäße Schläger -- der insoweit mit bekannten Schlägern übereinstimmt, als sein Spannrahmen bzw. ein diesen ergebender Profilstab eine in der Ebene der Bespannung gemessene Querschnittsbreite zwischen 8 und 16 mm besitzt -- weist ein Trägheitsmoment auf, welches 4- bis 16fach höher ist als das Trägheitsmoment eines Tennisschlägers nach dem Stande der Technik, dessen Querschnittshöhe gleich oder geringer ist als die Dicke seines Handgriffes.The racket according to the invention - which corresponds to known rackets insofar as its tensioning frame or a profile rod resulting from it has a cross-sectional width between 8 and 16 mm measured in the plane of the covering - has an moment of inertia which is 4 to 16 times higher than the moment of inertia of a tennis racket according to the prior art, the cross-sectional height of which is equal to or less than the thickness of its handle.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung liegt ein Schläger mit einer üblicher Dicke des Handgriffes ohne Ummantelung und ohne Berücksichtigung der Griffkappe von etwa 23 bis 32 mm, dessen Schlägerachse eine Symmetriegerade bildet und bei dem die Höhe eines Querschnittes des Spannrahmens größer ist als jene Dicke des Handgriffes. Letztere ist durch die menschliche Hand vorgegeben und bleibt deshalb selbst ohne Einfluß auf die Schlägergestaltung. Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung gilt die voranstehende Maßgabe des Verhältnisses von Handgriffdicke zu der Höhe eines Querschnittes auch für einen Profilstab, aus welchem der Spannrahmen hergestellt ist und der über den Spannrahmen hinaus von dessen Herzzone bis zum Handgriff reicht.Within the scope of the invention is a racket with a usual thickness of the handle without casing and without taking into account the grip cap of about 23 to 32 mm, the racket axis of which forms a line of symmetry and in which the height of a cross section of the tensioning frame is greater than that thickness of the handle. The latter is determined by the human hand and therefore remains without influence on the club design. According to a further feature of the invention, the foregoing proviso applies the ratio of Hand g riffdicke to the height of a cross section for a profiled bar, from which the clamping frame is made and which extends over the clamping frame out of the core region to the handle.

Als bevorzugte max. Höhe des Querschnittes von Profilstab und/oder Spannrahmen hat sich ein Maß über der Dicke des Handgriffes bis zu etwa 45 mm erwiesen.As a preferred max. The height of the cross-section of the profile bar and / or stenter has proven to be a measure above the thickness of the handle up to approximately 45 mm.

Erfindungsgemäß nimmt die senkrecht zur Bespannung gerichtete Höhe des Querschnittes oder Profiles von Schläger bzw. Spannrahmen gegenüber der Griffdicke sprunghaft oder allmählich zu und kann von der Stelle des höchsten Ausmaßes zum Schlägerkopf hin -- sprunghaft oder allmählich -- wieder abnehmen.According to the invention, the height of the cross section or profile of the racket or stenter, which is perpendicular to the covering, increases in relation to the handle thickness abruptly or gradually and can decrease - abruptly or gradually - from the point of greatest extent to the club head.

So hat es sich als günstig erwiesen, daß der Schläger in der Herzzone seine größte Höhe aufweist und sich sowohl zum Handgriff als auch zum Schlägerkopf, also in beide Richtungen der Längsachse, verjüngt, wobei bevorzugt seine größte Höhe in einem beidseits der Herzzone verlaufenden Bereich gleichbleibend ist.It has thus proven to be advantageous for the racket to have its greatest height in the heart zone and to taper both towards the handle and towards the club head, that is to say in both directions of the longitudinal axis, with its greatest height preferably remaining constant in an area running on both sides of the heart zone is.

Nach einem anderen Merkmal der Erfindung ist die größte Höhe des Schlägers am Übergang zum Handgriff angeordnet - die Schläger- oder Querschnitthöhe kann von diesem Übergang oder in Abstand dazu zum Schlägerkopf hin abnehmen. Die Abnahme mag unter Erzeugung einer geraden Längskonfür des Profiles stetig erfolgen, jedoch ist es auch möglich, die Kontur geschwungen oder gekrümmt herzustellen.According to another feature of the invention, the greatest height of the racket is arranged at the transition to the handle - the racket or cross-sectional height can decrease from this transition or at a distance from it towards the racket head. The decrease may take place continuously with the creation of a straight longitudinal section for the profile, but it is also possible to produce the contour curved or curved.

Von besonderer Bedeutung für den erfindungsgemäßen Schläger ist die Ausgestaltung der Herzzone als schmaler Rahmensteg, dessen Höhe geringer ist als die Höhe des Profilstabes.Of particular importance for the racket according to the invention is the configuration of the heart zone as a narrow frame web, the height of which is less than the height of the profile bar.

Soweit vorstehend ein Querschnittsmaß erwähnt wird, bleibt zu berücksichtigen, daß die Längsachse des Schlägers auch Symmetrieachse ist, d. h. dem beschriebenen Querschnitt des Spannrahmens liegt auf der anderen Seite der Symmetrieachse ein entsprechender Querschnitt gegenüber. Zudem bestimmt nach einem Merkmal der Erfindung -- wie an sich bekannt -- die Bespannung eine Symmetrieebene.If a cross-sectional dimension is mentioned above, it must be taken into account that the longitudinal axis of the racket is also an axis of symmetry, i. H. the cross-section of the clamping frame described is on the other side of the axis of symmetry a corresponding cross-section. In addition, as is known per se, the covering determines a plane of symmetry according to a feature of the invention.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie anhand der Zeichnung; diese zeigt in:

  • Fig. 1: die teilweise wiedergegebene Draufsicht auf einen bekannten Tennisschläger mit Spannrahmen aus Profilrohr;
  • Fig. 2: die Seitenansicht zu Fig. l;
  • Fig. 3: den vergrößerten Querschnitt durch Fig. 1 nach deren Linie III - III;
  • Fig. 4: eine Schwingungsgrafik für den Tennisschläger nach Fig. 1 bis 4;
  • Fig. 5: eine Schemaskizze zu einem Belastungsfall;
  • Fig. 6: eine Teildraufsicht auf eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Tennisschlägers mit Spannrahmen;
  • Fig. 7: die der Fig. 2 entsprechende Darstellung des Tennisschlägers der Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8: einen Querschnitt des Spannrahmens des erfindungsgemäßen Tennisschlägers;
  • Fig. 9: eine Schwingungsgrafik zu Fig. 6 bis 8;
  • Fig.10 schematisierte Seitenansichten zu ausgewählten bis : Fig. 12 bevorzugten Ausführungsformen des.erfindungsgemäßen Tennisschlägers;
  • Fig.l2a: eine andere Ausgestaltung zu Fig. 12.
Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the following description and from the drawing; this shows in:
  • Fig. 1: the partially reproduced plan view of a known tennis racket with a frame made of profile tube;
  • Fig. 2: the side view of Fig. 1;
  • 3: the enlarged cross section through FIG. 1 along the line III - III;
  • 4: a vibration graphic for the tennis racket according to FIGS. 1 to 4;
  • 5: a schematic sketch of a load case;
  • 6: a partial top view of a preferred embodiment of a tennis racket with a tensioning frame according to the invention;
  • FIG. 7: the representation of the tennis racket of FIG. 6 corresponding to FIG. 2;
  • 8 shows a cross section of the tensioning frame of the tennis racket according to the invention;
  • FIG. 9: a vibration graphic for FIGS. 6 to 8;
  • 10 shows schematic side views of selected to: FIG. 12 preferred embodiments of the tennis racket according to the invention;
  • Fig. L2a: another embodiment of Fig. 12.

Ein in den Fig. 1 bis 3 beispielhaft dargestellten-Tennisschläger 10 bekannter Art weist einen ovalen Spannrahmen 12 aus einem entsprechend gekrümmten Profilstab 13 auf, der beidseits der Schlägerlängsachse M in -- ein plattenförmiges Herz 14 begrenzenden -- Profilarmen 15 endet. Letztere sind in einem Handgriff 16 einer Dicke i von 26 bis 32 mm festgelegt; die Dicke i ist an Handgriffen 16 ohne Umwicklungsleder und ohne Berücksichtigung einer Griffkappe 17 gemessen.A tennis racket 10 of known type shown by way of example in FIGS. 1 to 3 has an oval clamping frame 12 made of a correspondingly curved profile bar 13, which ends on both sides of the racket longitudinal axis M in - defining a plate-shaped heart 14 - profile arms 15. The latter are fixed in a handle 16 with a thickness i of 26 to 32 mm; the thickness i is measured on handles 16 without wrapping leather and without considering a handle cap 17.

Spannrahmen 12 und Herz 14 umgeben eine Bespannungsfläche Q aus Quersaiten 18 und diese kreuzenden Längssaiten 19. Der bevorzugte Auftreffpunkt für einen nicht gezeigten Tennisball ist in Fig. 1 mit S bezeichnet.Tensioning frame 12 and heart 14 surround a stringing surface Q composed of transverse strings 18 and longitudinal strings 19 crossing them. The preferred point of impact for a tennis ball (not shown) is designated by S in FIG. 1.

Der Spannrahmen 12 bzw. sein Profilstab 13 ist gemäß Fig. 3 rechteckigen Querschnitts, dessen Seitenwände 20 beispielsweise in einem Abstand a von 7 mm und dessen Querwände 21 in einem Abstand b von 17 mm verlaufen.According to FIG. 3, the tensioning frame 12 or its profile bar 13 is rectangular in cross section, the side walls 20 of which run, for example, at a distance a of 7 mm and the transverse walls 21 of which run at a distance b of 17 mm.

Bei einer Wanddicke q der Seiten- bzw. Querwand 20 bzw. 21 von 2 mm ergeben sich eine Außenbreite m von 11 mm und eine äußere Höhe n von 21 mm. Letztere ist im übrigen weit niedriger als die Dicke i des Handgriffs 16.With a wall thickness q of the side or transverse wall 20 or 21 of 2 mm, the outer width m is 11 mm and the outer height n is 21 mm. The latter is otherwise far lower than the thickness i of the handle 16.

Die aus vorstehenden Maßen errechenbare Querschnittsfläche für den Profilstab 13 beträgt in mm2:

Figure imgb0001
The cross-sectional area for the profile rod 13 that can be calculated from the above dimensions is in mm 2:
Figure imgb0001

Die Eigenfrequenz fo des entsprechend dem Schema gemäß Fig. 5 eingespannten Tennisschlägers 10 ist meßbar, indem eine an der Schlägerlängsachse M angreifende Kraft P plötzlich entfernt wird.The natural frequency f o of the tennis racket 10 clamped in accordance with the diagram according to FIG. 5 can be measured by an action on the longitudinal axis M of the racket Force P is suddenly removed.

Wird die Eigenfrequenz auf ein mit 3000 mm/s laufendes Schreibband geschrieben, gilt

Figure imgb0002

worin 1 die vom Schreibband abgelesene Schwingungslänge in mm ist.If the natural frequency is written on a writing tape running at 3000 mm / s , the following applies
Figure imgb0002
where 1 is the vibration length in mm read from the writing tape.

Im Elastizitätsbereich ist das Maß d der in Fig. 5 deutlich gemachten Durchbiegung der Kraft P proportional. Sie ist aber auch in eine Beziehung zu der Eigenfrequenz des Tennisschlägers 10 in Längsrichtung zu bringen; hat ein Tennisschläger unter der gleichen Kraft P eine Durchbiegung von d1 und ein anderer eine solche von d2, kann die Eigenfrequenz des zweiten Tennisschlägers annähernd nach folgender Beziehung berechnet werden:

Figure imgb0003
In the range of elasticity, the dimension d is proportional to the deflection of the force P made clear in FIG. 5. But it is also related to the natural frequency of the tennis racket 10 in the longitudinal direction; If a tennis racket has a deflection of d 1 and another one of d 2 under the same force P, the natural frequency of the second tennis racket can be calculated approximately according to the following relationship:
Figure imgb0003

Die Kontaktzeit zwischen Tennisschläger 10 und Ball wurde durch viele Versuche -- u. a. durch Hochgeschwindigkeitsfotografie -- mit 2 bis max. 6 ms festgestellt, im Mittel also mit 4 ms, was für eine ganze Schwingung t = 8 ms oder 125 Hz erbringt.The contact time between tennis racket 10 and ball has been tried many times - u. a. through high-speed photography - with 2 to max. 6 ms determined, on average 4 ms, which results in a whole oscillation t = 8 ms or 125 Hz.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Schwingungskurve in Längsrichtung für einen üblichen Tennisschläger D nach Fig. 1 bis 3. Bei Punkt A berührt ein Ball das Netz der Bespannung Q und zwingt den Spannrahmen 12,der Ballfrequenz zu folgen. Dieser Bewegung trachten dynamische Trägheitskräfte des Spannrahmens 12 entgegenzuwirken. Am Punkt B angelangt, kehrt der Ball seine Richtung um und verläßt die dem Ball folgende Bespannung Q etwa an Punkt C. Der Tennisschläger 10 schwingt in seiner Eigenfrequenz nach und befindet sich erst am Punkt D, wenn sich der Ball von der Bespannung Q bei C trennt (t = 8 ms, t/4= 2 ms).Fig. 4 shows a vibration curve in the longitudinal direction for a conventional tennis racket D according to Fig. 1 to 3. At point A, a ball touches the net of covering Q and forces the tenter 12 to follow the ball frequency. This movement seeks to counteract dynamic inertial forces of the tenter frame 12. Arrived at point B, the ball reverses its direction and leaves the string Q following the ball approximately at point C. The tennis racket 10 oscillates at its natural frequency and is only at point D when the ball is clear of the string Q at C. separates (t = 8 ms, t / 4 = 2 ms).

Die unterschiedlichen Maße der Eigenfrequenz des Tennisschlägers 10 von 25 bis 50 Hz einerseits sowie der Erregerfrequenz des Balles von etwa 125 Hz anderseits führen -- über die ganze Länge eines Spielfeldes gesehen -- zu bedeutenden Abweichungen des Balles von der gewünschten Fluglinie; diese Abweichung kann -wie erwähnt -- bis zu einem Meter betragen.The different dimensions of the natural frequency of the tennis racket 10 from 25 to 50 Hz on the one hand and the excitation frequency of the ball of about 125 Hz on the other hand - seen over the entire length of a playing field - lead to significant deviations of the ball from the desired airline; as mentioned, this deviation can be up to one meter.

Die Ausführung eines Tennisschlägers 30 nach Fig. 6 bis 8 weist eine Resonanzfrequenz auf, welche dem beschriebenen Mangel abhilft; der Querschnitt des Profilstabes 33 enthält gemäß Fig. 8 die folgenden Maße:

Figure imgb0004

als Ergebnis einer Berechnung, welche die Übereinstimmung der Eigenfrequenz dieses Tennisschlägers 30 und der "Ballresonanz' bestätigt, also die Übereinstimmung der Erregerfrequenz mit der Eigenfrequenz.The design of a tennis racket 30 according to FIGS. 6 to 8 has a resonance frequency, which remedies the described defect; the cross section of the profile rod 33 contains the following dimensions according to FIG. 8 :
Figure imgb0004
as the result of a calculation which confirms the agreement of the natural frequency of this tennis racket 30 and the "ball resonance", that is to say the agreement of the excitation frequency with the natural frequency.

Die errechenbare Querschnittsfläche ist hier

Figure imgb0005

gleicht also der Querschnittsfläche von Tennisschläger 10, der nachfolgend mit TS10 bezeichnet sei.The calculable cross-sectional area is here
Figure imgb0005
is therefore equal to the cross-sectional area of tennis racket 10, which is referred to below as TS 10 .

Bei d10 = Durchbiegung von TS10 d30= Durchbiegung von Tennisschläger 30 (TS30) FR10 = Eigenresonanz von TS 10 50 Hz*) FR3U =Eigenresonanz von TS30 = 125 Hz ist

Figure imgb0006
Figure imgb0007
Figure imgb0008
 At d 10 = deflection of TS 10 d 30 = deflection of tennis racket 30 (TS 30 ) FR 10 = natural resonance of TS 10 50 Hz *) FR 3U = natural resonance of TS 30 = 125 Hz
Figure imgb0006
Figure imgb0007
Figure imgb0008

Die Einfederung unter einer Last P muß -- gegenüber TS10-- bei TS30 1/6 betragen.The deflection under a load P must be 1/6 compared to TS 10 with TS 30 .

Die Querschnittsflächen in Fig. 3 und Fig. 5 führen zu

Figure imgb0009
Fußnote: *) Werte gelten für Graphitschläger, also für harte WerkstoffeThe cross-sectional areas in FIGS. 3 and 5 lead to
Figure imgb0009
 Footnote: *) Values apply to graphite mallets, i.e. hard materials

Die Durchbiegung d ist eine Funktion von

Figure imgb0010
.The deflection d is a function of
Figure imgb0010
 .

Das heißt

Figure imgb0011

die Einfederung ist mit dem Querschnitt nach Fig. 5: 0,28.This means
Figure imgb0011
the deflection with the cross section according to FIG. 5: 0.28.

Die Resonanzfrequenz ist

Figure imgb0012

Nimmt man an
Figure imgb0013
Figure imgb0014
so ist
Figure imgb0015
Figure imgb0016
Figure imgb0017
Figure imgb0018
 The resonance frequency is
Figure imgb0012
One assumes
Figure imgb0013
Figure imgb0014
so is
Figure imgb0015
Figure imgb0016
Figure imgb0017
Figure imgb0018

Eine diese Erkenntnisse berücksichtigende Rahmenform gibt Fig. 7 wieder, in der sich ein Bereich E mit vorstehender Profilhöhe n beidseits eines Rahmensteges 34 erstreckt. Vom Bereich E nimmt die Profilhöhe n zum o Schlägerkopf 40 einerseits und zum Handgriffansatz 41 stetig ab.Der in Fig. 7 geschnitten dargestellte Rahmensteg 34 ersetzt das zuvor beschriebene Herz 14 und weist eine geringere mittlere Profilhöhe h auf als der Profilstab 33.FIG. 7 shows a frame shape that takes these findings into account, in which an area E with a projecting profile height n extends on both sides of a frame web 34. The profile height n decreases steadily from the area E to the club head 40 on the one hand and to the handle attachment 41. The frame web 34 shown in section in FIG. 7 replaces the previously described heart 14 and has a lower average profile height h than the profile bar 33.

Das Schwingungsverhalten des erfindungsgemäßen Tennisschlägers 30 in Längsrichtung entnimmt man Fig. 9. Mit dessen Eigenfrequenz stimmt jetzt die Erregerfrequenz des Balles überein. Bei dessen Abheben von der Bespannung Q ist der Tennisschläger 30 am Punkt C oder in dessen unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft angelangt, und der Ball erhält neben einer zusätzlichen Beschleunigung aus dem Spannrahmen 32 des Tennisschlägers 30 eine genaue Flugbahn, die nicht mehr durch das Maß Z der Auslenkung verfälscht ist, wie sie Fig. 4 erkennen läßt. Bei ungenau -- d. h. außerhalb der Längsachse M auf den Tennisschläger 30 bzw. dessen Bespannung Q -treffenden Bällen entsteht eine Torsionsschwingung um die Längsachse M. Diese Torsionsschwingung ist der Längsschwingung überlagert.The vibration behavior of the tennis racket 30 according to the invention in the longitudinal direction can be seen in FIG. 9. The excitation frequency of the ball now corresponds to its natural frequency. When it is lifted off the covering Q, the tennis racket 30 has reached point C or in the immediate vicinity thereof, and in addition to an additional acceleration from the clamping frame 32 of the tennis racket 30, the ball receives an exact trajectory which is no longer distorted by the dimension Z of the deflection is, as shown in Fig. 4. If inaccurate - d. H. outside the longitudinal axis M on the tennis racket 30 or its strings Q-striking balls, a torsional vibration occurs about the longitudinal axis M. This torsional vibration is superimposed on the longitudinal vibration.

Wird auch diese Schwingung durch Abstimmung des Rahmenstegs 34 aus Fig. 7 auf bevorzugt 125 Hz gebracht, schwingt der gesamte Tennisschläger 30 bei Ballberührung nur noch sinusförmig in einer Frequenz und kompensiert auch torsionsbedingte Schlagabweichungen durch rechtzeitiges Rückschwingen.If this vibration is also brought to preferably 125 Hz by tuning the frame web 34 from FIG. 7, the entire tennis racket 30 only vibrates sinusoidally at a frequency when it touches the ball and also compensates for torsional deflection by timely swinging back.

Die Handgriffe 16 des Tennisschlägers 30 (Fig. 6 bis 8) und der in den Fig. 10 bis 12a wiedergegebenen Ausführungsformen 30a bis 30c sind von üblicher Dicke i, welche -- wie gesagt -- 23 bis 32 mm mißt, gegenüber dieser Dicke i besitzen die anschließenden Profilstäbe -- ihrer wechselnden Höhen halber besser als Rahmenprofile 33 bezeichnet -- in allen Fällen eine längere äußere Höhe n l.The handles 16 of the tennis racket 30 (FIGS. 6 to 8) and the embodiments 30 a to 30 c shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 a are of conventional thickness i, which - as said - measures 23 to 32 mm, opposite this thickness i have the subsequent profile bars - better referred to for their changing heights as frame profiles 33 - in all cases a longer outer height n l .

Letztere findet sich in Fig. 10 am sprunghaft ansteigenden Übergang 36 zwischen Handgriff 16 und Rahmenprofil 33a, das sich zum Schlägerkopf 40 hin stetig verjüngt (Höhe no).The latter can be found in Fig. 10 at the abruptly rising transition 36 between the handle 16 and the frame profile 33 a , which tapers continuously towards the club head 40 (height n o ).

Das Rahmenprofil 33b nach Fig. 11 ist insgesamt von jener max. Höhe nl, während die max. Höhe n1 von Rahmenprofil 33c (Fig. 12) etwa an Herzzone H endet und als Höhe n0 zum Schlägerkopf 40 abnimmt.The frame profile 33 b of FIG. 11 is a total of that max. Height n l , while the max. Height n 1 of frame profile 33 c (FIG. 12) ends approximately at heart zone H and decreases as height n 0 to club head 40.

Die in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele zeigen von der max. Höhe n1 ausgehende Gerade, also jeweils eine stetige Abnahme der variablen Höhe n . Statt diesem stetigen Verlauf können die entsprechenden Querschnittskonturen auch gekrümmt sein, wie dies in Fig. 12a angedeutet ist.The embodiments shown in the drawing show the max. Height n 1 outgoing straight line, i.e. a constant decrease in the variable height n. Instead of this continuous course, the corresponding cross-sectional contours can also be curved, as indicated in FIG. 12a.

Claims (10)

1. Schläger für Spiele mit begrenzt elastischem Ball, insbesondere Tennisschläger, mit in einem Spannrahmen vorgesehener Bespannung, einer an den Spannrahmen anschließenden Herzzone sowie einem endwärtigen Handgriff,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Resonanzfrequenz des am Handgriff (16) festliegenden bespannten Schlägers (30) näherungsweise der Zeitdauer entspricht, in welcher der Ball mit der Bespannung (Q) in Berührung ist.1. racket for games with a limited elastic ball, in particular tennis racket, with covering provided in a tensioning frame, a heart zone adjoining the tensioning frame and an end handle,
characterized,
that the resonance frequency of the strung club (30) fixed to the handle (16) corresponds approximately to the time period in which the ball is in contact with the covering (Q). 2. Schläger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß seine Eigenfrequenz mit der Erregerfrequenz des Balles etwa übereinstimmt und/oder daß seine Resonanzfrequenz 83 bis 200 Hz, bevorzugt 100 bis 140 Hz beträgt.2. Racket according to claim 1, characterized in that its natural frequency approximately matches the excitation frequency of the ball and / or that its resonance frequency is 83 to 200 Hz, preferably 100 to 140 Hz. 3. Schläger mit einer in der Ebene der Bespannung gemessenen Querschnittsbreite des Spannrahmens bzw. eines diesen ergebenden Profilstabes zwischen 8 und 16 mm nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Trägheitsmoment des Querschnittes von Spannrahmen (32) bzw. Profilstab (33) des Schlägers (30) das 4- bis 16-fache des Trägheitsmomentes eines Tennisschlägers (10) aufweist, dessen Querschnittshöhe gleich oder geringer ist als die Dicke (i) des Handgriffes (16).3. Racket with a cross-sectional width of the tensioning frame or a profile bar resulting therefrom measured in the plane of the covering according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the moment of inertia of the cross section of the tensioning frame (32) or profile bar ( 33) of the racket (30) has 4 to 16 times the moment of inertia of a tennis racket (10), the cross-sectional height of which is equal to or less than the thickness (i) of the handle (16). 4. Schläger mit einer Dicke seines Handgriffes von etwa 23 bis 32 mm und der Schlägerachse als Symmetriegerader nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhe (n1) eines Querschnittes des Spannrahmens (32) größer ist als die Dicke (i) des Handgriffes (16) und/oder daß die Höhe (n1) eines Querschnittes eines Profilstabes (33, 33a bis 33 ) größer ist als die Dicke (i) des Handgriffes (16).4. racket with a thickness of its handle of about 23 to 32 mm and the racket axis as a symmetry line according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the height (n 1 ) of a cross section of the clamping frame (32) is greater than the thickness ( i) of the handle (16) and / or that the height (n 1 ) of a cross section of a profile bar (33, 33 a to 33) is greater than the thickness (i) of the handle (16). 5. Schläger nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die größte Höhe (n1) des Schlägers (30 , 30c) am Übergang (36) zum Handgriff (16) angeordnet ist.5. Racket according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the greatest height (n 1 ) of the racket (30, 30 c ) is arranged at the transition (36) to the handle (16). 6. Schläger nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er in der Herzzone (H) seine größte Höhe (n1) aufweist und sich sowohl zum Handgriff (16) als auch zum Schlägerkopf (40) hin verjüngt, wobei gegebenenfalls des Schlägers (30) größte Höhe (n1) in einem Bereich (E) beidseits der Herzzone (H) gleichbleibend ist (Fig. 7).6. Racket according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has its greatest height (n 1 ) in the heart zone (H) and tapers towards both the handle (16) and the racket head (40), whereby possibly the club (30) greatest height (n 1 ) in a region (E) on both sides of the heart zone (H) is constant (Fig. 7). 7. Schläger nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhe (n ) des Profilstabes (33 c) etwa von der Herzzone (H) des Schlägers (30 c) zu dessen Schlägerkopf (40) hin in einer Richtung abnimmt.7. Racket according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the height (s) of the profile bar (33 c ) decreases approximately in one direction from the heart zone (H) of the racket (30 c ) to the club head (40) . 8. Schläger nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhe (n ) des Profilstabes (33a) vom Übergang (36) am Handgriff (16) zum Schlägerkopf (40) abnimmt (Fig. 10), oder daß die größte Höhe (n1) des Profilstabes (33b) sich vom Übergang (36) am Handgriff (16) bis zum Schlägerkopf (40) erstreckt (Fig. 11).8. Racket according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the height (s) of the profile bar (33 a ) from the transition (36) on the handle (16) to the racket head (40) decreases (Fig. 10), or that the largest Height (n 1 ) of the profile bar (33 b ) extends from the transition (36) on the handle (16) to the club head (40) (Fig. 11). 9. Schläger nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verminderung seiner Höhe (n ) stetig ist oder daß seine Höhe (n ) unter Erzeugung einer gekrümmten Kontur abnimmt, wobei gegebenenfalls die Bespannung (Q) des Schlägers (30) teilweise von einem Rahmensteg (34) begrenzt ist, dessen Höhe (h) geringer ist als die Höhe (n1) des Profilstabes (33).9. Racket according to at least one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the reduction in its height (n) is continuous or that its height (n) decreases with the production of a curved contour, where appropriate the covering (Q) of the racket (30 ) is partially limited by a frame web (34), the height (h) of which is less than the height (n 1 ) of the profile bar (33). 10. Schläger nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bespannung (Q) seine Symmetrieebene ist.10. Racket according to at least one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the covering (Q) is its plane of symmetry.
EP85111713A 1984-09-22 1985-09-17 Tennis racket Expired - Lifetime EP0176021B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

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AT85111713T ATE63836T1 (en) 1984-09-22 1985-09-17 TENNIS RACKET.
EP88202025A EP0310169B2 (en) 1984-09-22 1985-09-17 Rackets for ball games, especially tennis rackets

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19843434956 DE3434956A1 (en) 1984-09-22 1984-09-22 BULLETS FOR GAMES WITH LIMITED ELASTIC BALL
DE3434956 1984-09-22

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EP0176021A3 EP0176021A3 (en) 1986-10-08
EP0176021B1 EP0176021B1 (en) 1991-05-29

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AT (1) ATE63226T1 (en)
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EP0168041A2 (en) * 1984-07-10 1986-01-15 Sumitomo Rubber Industries Limited A ball striking instrument
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GB2203953B (en) * 1987-04-28 1991-09-04 Yamaha Corp An improved racket frame
EP0317711A2 (en) * 1987-08-04 1989-05-31 Wilson Sporting Goods Company Racket for playing a game with a ball
EP0317711A3 (en) * 1987-08-04 1990-05-16 Wilson Sporting Goods Company Racket for playing a game with a ball
FR2626186A1 (en) * 1988-01-23 1989-07-28 Yonex Kk TENNIS RACKET
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US5080361A (en) * 1989-07-19 1992-01-14 Skis Rossignol S.A. Racket for ball games
AT393967B (en) * 1989-09-11 1992-01-10 Head Sportgeraete Gmbh BALL RACKETS, IN PARTICULAR TENNIS RACKETS
EP0477533A1 (en) * 1990-08-21 1992-04-01 Wilson Sporting Goods Company Tennis racket
US5540434A (en) * 1990-08-21 1996-07-30 Wilson Sporting Goods Co. Tennis racket
US5249798A (en) * 1991-07-09 1993-10-05 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Tennis racket frame
US5277422A (en) * 1991-09-27 1994-01-11 Dunlop Limited Games racket frame
CN110251906A (en) * 2018-03-12 2019-09-20 威尔逊运动货品公司 It is configured to the flexible racket in a plurality of directions relative to longitudinal axis with increase
EP3539623A1 (en) * 2018-03-12 2019-09-18 Wilson Sporting Goods Co. Racquet configured with increased flexibility in multiple directions with respect to a longitudinal axis
JP2019155060A (en) * 2018-03-12 2019-09-19 ウィルソン・スポーティング・グッズ・カンパニーＷｉｌｓｏｎ Ｓｐｏｒｔｉｎｇ Ｇｏｏｄｓ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ Racquet configured with increased flexibility in multiple directions with respect to longitudinal axis
US10328316B1 (en) 2018-03-12 2019-06-25 Wilson Sporting Goods Co. Racquet configured with increased flexibility in multiple directions with respect to a longitudinal axis
US10646753B2 (en) 2018-03-12 2020-05-12 Wilson Sporting Goods Co. Racquet configured with increased flexibility in multiple directions with respect to a longitudinal axis
US10653924B2 (en) 2018-03-12 2020-05-19 Wilson Sporting Goods Co. Racquet configured with increased flexibility in multiple directions with respect to a longitudinal axis
US10751581B2 (en) 2018-03-12 2020-08-25 Wilson Sporting Goods Co. Racquet configured with increased flexibility in multiple directions with respect to a longitudinal axis
US10946253B2 (en) 2018-03-12 2021-03-16 Wilson Sporting Goods Co. Racquet configured with increased flexibility in multiple directions with respect to a longitudinal axis
CN110251906B (en) * 2018-03-12 2022-05-13 威尔逊运动货品公司 Racket configured with increased flexibility in multiple directions relative to a longitudinal axis
US11541282B2 (en) 2018-03-12 2023-01-03 Wilson Sporting Goods Co. Racquet configured with increased flexibility in multiple directions with respect to a longitudinal axis

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE63226T1 (en) 1991-05-15
EP0176021B1 (en) 1991-05-29
DE3434898A1 (en) 1986-04-17
DE3582805D1 (en) 1991-06-13
EP0176021A3 (en) 1986-10-08
DE3434898C2 (en) 1993-06-24
DE3582987D1 (en) 1991-07-04
DE3434956A1 (en) 1986-04-03
DE8427999U1 (en) 1987-03-26
US4664380A (en) 1987-05-12

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