EP0366506A1 - Device for abrasive machining of cylindrical bearing surfaces of workpieces, in particular for belt grinding of crankshaft journals and pins - Google Patents

Device for abrasive machining of cylindrical bearing surfaces of workpieces, in particular for belt grinding of crankshaft journals and pins Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0366506A1
EP0366506A1 EP89402555A EP89402555A EP0366506A1 EP 0366506 A1 EP0366506 A1 EP 0366506A1 EP 89402555 A EP89402555 A EP 89402555A EP 89402555 A EP89402555 A EP 89402555A EP 0366506 A1 EP0366506 A1 EP 0366506A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arm
jaws
machined
abrasive
guide
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EP89402555A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0366506B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Claude Pineau
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Procedes Machines Speciales S P M S Ste
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Procedes Machines Speciales S P M S Ste
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
    • B24B21/004—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor using abrasive rolled strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B5/42—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding crankshafts or crankpins

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for the abrasive machining of cylindrical bearings on parts, in particular for the machining by grooming (using an abrasive strip) of the pins and crank pins on crankshafts, comprising, for the machining of each bearing, an arm which is mounted freely pivoting about a horizontal axis on a vertically movable slide and which comprises, at its lower part, two jaws which can be clamped one against the other and carrying means of applying the abrasive against the surface to be machined when tightening the jaws.
  • the two jaws of each arm each have two pads for applying the abrasive strip to the surface to be machined, this application being effected by the clamping effect produced by spring washers fixed on one of the two jaws.
  • the subject of the present invention is a machining device of the type defined above, designed so as to allow a tightening providing uniformly controllable application pressures on the surfaces to be machined.
  • the invention also relates to a device of the type defined above, allowing balancing of the arm (s) during the machining of spans eccentric.
  • the invention relates to a device of the type defined above, allowing each arm to center itself on the surface to be machined on the workpiece, even in the case of eccentric ranges, whatever the position. angular of these eccentric bearings relative to the axis of rotation, thus eliminating the need for angular indexing of the workpiece.
  • each arm comprises three means for applying the abrasive against the surface to be machined, a first in a fixed central position on the arm for applying the abrasive from the top to the surface to be machined and the other two in lateral position on the two jaws to apply the abrasive from two sides and from below against the surface to be machined, when clamping the jaws, which allows isostatic clamping (3 points).
  • the two jaws articulated on the arm are coupled so as to pivot synchronously in opposition with respect to the arm, under the action of a common operating means with controlled clamping force.
  • said common operating means is constituted by a jack with controlled supply pressure.
  • the two jaws are coupled by gears, each arm carrying a pinion engaged with the pinion of the other jaw.
  • the arm With a view to balancing the arm, even in the case of machining of eccentric spans, it is advantageous for the arm to be movable relative to the slide under the action of a jack with controlled supply pressure.
  • Each arm of the machine conforms to the invention advantageously comprises guide means allowing the arm to be centered on the bearing surface to be machined when the arm descends on the latter.
  • These guide means may comprise on each jaw a first guide which is located below the abrasive application means provided on this jaw and which has a guide surface arranged so that on the jaws open, that is to say -display apart, the two guide surfaces of the first two guides of each arm converge upwards, the reciprocal distance of said guide surfaces, at the bottom of the latter, being greater than twice the maximum eccentricity of the eccentric bearings.
  • the guide means further comprise two second guides arranged on the arm, on either side and below the abrasive application means provided on the arm, the two second guides also having surfaces guide converging upwards.
  • the grinding machining arm is part of a superfinishing machine by grooming, making it possible to machine all or part of the cylindrical bearings of a crankshaft 1 of which the trunnions 2 and the crank pins 3 are shown diagrammatically.
  • the machine comprises, for this purpose, an arm support slide 4 mounted vertically movable on a frame 5 under the action of a control not shown.
  • the slide 4 carries, between each two flanges 6, floating arms 7, that is to say mounted freely pivoting about a horizontal axis 8.
  • the horizontal axis 8 is integral with a slide 9 mounted movable under the action of a jack 10 in a slide 11 provided at the upper end of the arm 7.
  • the arm 7 carries a support 12 provided with an application pad 13 whose function will appear later. Furthermore, the arm 7 carries, near its lower end, two jaws 14a, 14b each of which is provided with a support 15a, 15b equipped with an application pad 16a, 16b,
  • the two jaws 14a, 14b are articulated by axes 17a, 17b on the arm 7 and are coupled by two pinions 18a, 18b engaged with one another.
  • a jack 19 mounted between the arm 7 and the jaw 14a makes it possible to pivot the latter around the axis 17a and, due to the coupling of the two jaws 14a, 14b by the pinions 18a, 18b, to pivot the other simultaneously jaw 14b in synchronism in opposite directions.
  • the articulation of the jaws 14a, 14b on the arm 7 and the arrangement of the supports 15a, 15b on the jaws 14a, 14b are chosen so that when the arm 7 is lowered on the workpiece and the jaws 14a, 14b are tightened around this part by the jack 19, as shown in FIG. 3, the three supports 12, 15a, 15b and the application pads 13, 16a and 16b of these supports, are arranged substantially at the angles of an equilateral triangle, the shoe 13 fixed to the arm 7 being in abutment from the top on the part and the two shoes 16a, 16b fixed to the two jaws 14a, 14b being pressed from the bottom and from the two opposite sides against the workpiece.
  • the arm 7 also carries two guides 20a, 20b arranged on either side of the support 12, the two guides having guide surfaces 21a, 21b located below the shoe 13 and converging upwards, such that the guides 20a, 20b ensure, during the lowering of the arm 7 on the part 1 to be machined, self-centering of the arm 7, therefore of the shoe 13, relative to the part 1.
  • each of the two jaws 14a, 14b carries, below its support 15a, 15b, a guide 22a, 22b having a guide surface 23a, 23b.
  • the guides 22a, 22b are shaped and arranged so that when the two jaws 14a, 14b are open ( Figures 1 and 2), the guide surfaces 23a, 23b converge upwards, their maximum reciprocal spacing at the lower span being greater than twice the maximum eccentricity of the crank pins of the part 1 to be machined and their minimum reciprocal spacing being substantially equal to the maximum reciprocal distance of the guide surfaces 21a, 21b of the two fixed guides 20a, 20b.
  • Each arm 7 is, moreover, equipped with a guide and tensioning assembly for an abrasive strip 24.
  • This assembly is designed so as to pass the abrasive strip 24 over the three pads 13, 16a and 16b and comprises a set guide and deflection rollers, by means of which the abrasive strip 24 circumvents the guide surfaces 21a, 21b, 23a, 23b.
  • This guide and tension assembly is not the subject of the present invention and will not be described in more detail.
  • crankshaft 1 To machine all or part of the cylindrical bearings of a part 1, for example, all or part of the pins 2 and / or crank pins 3 of a crankshaft, using a multiple device comprising, on the same slide 3 , as many arms 7 as the crankshaft 1 has bearing surfaces to be machined simultaneously, the crankshaft 1 is brought below the floating arms 7 of the slide 4 raised in the high position, the jaws 14a, 14b of the arms 7 being open (FIG. 1). The crankshaft 1 is supported, in a manner known per se, for example between points, and is driven in rotation, during the machining of the bearings, around its axis of rotation defined by the axis of the pins 2.
  • the arm 7 illustrated is intended for the machining of a journal 2 of the crankshaft 1.
  • the two jaws 14a, 14b are then clamped by supplying the jack 19, the stroke of which is controlled by two limit switches 25, 26 adjustable as a function of the diameter of the bearing surface to be machined, so that the two pads 16a, 16b are located applied laterally from below against the cylindrical seat 2 to be machined, by coupling the two jaws 14a, 14b by the pinions 18a, 18b.
  • the three pads 13, 16a, 16b are thus supported with a uniform pressure against the surface 2 to be machined, substantially at the three angles of an equilateral triangle, and thus apply the abrasive strip 24 with a uniform pressure against the surface 2 (FIG. 3). It then suffices to rotate the part 1 around its axis of rotation, to ensure uniform machining of the bearing 2.
  • crank pins 3 of a crankshaft 1 It is not the same when machining eccentric cylindrical bearings, for example crank pins 3 of a crankshaft 1.
  • these crank pins 3 eccentric with respect to the axis of rotation (axis of the trunnions) carry out a circular trajectory eccentric with respect to the axis of rotation. It is therefore necessary that each arm 7 having to machine such an eccentric bearing, can follow this movement of the bearing to be machined, without this arm being unbalanced by the effects originating from the mass of the arm set in motion by the workpiece 1 during the rotation of the latter.
  • Balancing of the arm 7 of the device according to the invention is ensured by the jack 10 which exerts a constant effect on the arm 7, whatever the position of the latter.

Abstract

The device comprises, for the machining of each bearing surface (2, 3) of the workpiece (1), three blocks (13, 16a, 16b) for applying abrasive, one of which is mounted in a fixed position on the arm (7) and the two others are mounted on two jaws (14a, 14b) articulated on the arm (7), such that when the two jaws (14a, 14b) are tightened, after the arm (7) has been lowered onto the bearing surface to be machined, the three blocks (13, 16a, 16b) are arranged at the corners of an equilateral triangle and exert a uniform and controllable pressure on the workpiece (1). …<IMAGE>…

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif pour l'usinage par abrasif de portées cylindriques sur des pièces, notamment pour l'usinage par toilage (à l'aide d'une bande abrasive) des tourillons et manetons sur des vilebrequins, comprenant, pour l'usinage de chaque portée, un bras qui est monté librement pivotant autour d'un axe horizontal sur un coulisseau mobile verticalement et qui comporte, à sa partie inférieure, deux mâchoires pouvant être serrées l'une contre l'autre et portant des moyens d'application de l'abrasif contre la portée à usiner lors du serrage des mâchoires.The present invention relates to a device for the abrasive machining of cylindrical bearings on parts, in particular for the machining by grooming (using an abrasive strip) of the pins and crank pins on crankshafts, comprising, for the machining of each bearing, an arm which is mounted freely pivoting about a horizontal axis on a vertically movable slide and which comprises, at its lower part, two jaws which can be clamped one against the other and carrying means of applying the abrasive against the surface to be machined when tightening the jaws.

Sur les machines de toilage connues de ce type, telles qu'elles sont commercialisées par exemple depuis de nombreuses années par la demanderesse, en vue de la superfinition simultanée des portées d'arbres et plus particulièrement des tourillons et des manetons de vilebrequins, les deux mâchoires de chaque bras comportent chacune deux patins pour appliquer la bande abrasive sur la portée à usiner, cette application s'effectuant par l'effet de serrage produit par des rondelles-ressorts fixées sur l'une des deux mâchoires.On known grooming machines of this type, such as they have been sold for example for many years by the applicant, with a view to the simultaneous superfinishing of the spans of trees and more particularly of the pins and crank pins of crankshafts, the two jaws of each arm each have two pads for applying the abrasive strip to the surface to be machined, this application being effected by the clamping effect produced by spring washers fixed on one of the two jaws.

Ce mode d'application de l'abrasif contre la portée à usiner conduit à des pressions d'application qui sont pratiquement incontrôlables et qui ne sont pas les mêmes sur les différents moyens d'application de chaque bras.This mode of application of the abrasive against the surface to be machined leads to application pressures which are practically uncontrollable and which are not the same on the different means of application of each arm.

Par ailleurs, dans le cas où la portée à usiner est excentrée par rapport à l'axe de rotation de la pièce qui est entraînée autour de cet axe lors de l'usinage, il se produit un déséquilibrage du bras en raison des masses du bras mises en mouvement lors de la rotation de la pièce autour de son axe.Furthermore, in the case where the surface to be machined is eccentric with respect to the axis of rotation of the part which is driven around this axis during machining, there is an imbalance of the arm due to the masses of the arm set in motion when the part rotates around its axis.

Enfin, jusqu'à présent, lors de l'usinage de pièces comportant des portées excentrées, il est indispensable d'indexer au départ la pièce à usiner, c'est-à-dire de la positionner angulairement autour de son axe de rotation, de manière que les axes des portées excentrées se trouvent dans un même plan vertical contenant l'axe de rotation de la pièce, avant d'engager le ou les bras sur la pièce. En effet, les bras de ces machines connues ne peuvent pas se positionner d'eux-mêmes sur des portées excentrées décalées latéralement.Finally, up to now, when machining parts with eccentric bearings, it is essential to index the workpiece at the start, that is to say to position it angularly around its axis of rotation, so that the axes of the eccentric bearings are in the same vertical plane containing the axis of rotation of the part, before engaging the arm (s) on the part. In fact, the arms of these known machines cannot position themselves on eccentric bearings offset laterally.

La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif d'usinage du type défini ci-dessus, conçu de manière à permettre un serrage procurant des pressions d'application contrôlables avec précision et uniformes sur les portées à usiner.The subject of the present invention is a machining device of the type defined above, designed so as to allow a tightening providing uniformly controllable application pressures on the surfaces to be machined.

L'invention a également pour objet un dispositif du type défini ci-dessus, permettant un équilibrage du ou des bras lors de l'usinage de portées excentrées.The invention also relates to a device of the type defined above, allowing balancing of the arm (s) during the machining of spans eccentric.

Enfin, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif du type défini ci-dessus, permettant à chaque bras de se centrer de lui-même sur la portée à usiner sur la pièce, même dans le cas de portées excentrées, quelle que soit la position angulaire de ces portées excentrées par rapport à l'axe de rotation, supprimant ainsi la nécessité d'un indexage angulaire de la pièce à usiner.Finally, the invention relates to a device of the type defined above, allowing each arm to center itself on the surface to be machined on the workpiece, even in the case of eccentric ranges, whatever the position. angular of these eccentric bearings relative to the axis of rotation, thus eliminating the need for angular indexing of the workpiece.

Sur le dispositif d'usinage conforme à l'invention, chaque bras comporte trois moyens d'application de l'abrasif contre la portée à usiner, un premier en position médiane fixe sur le bras pour appliquer l'abrasif depuis le haut sur la portée à usiner et les deux autres en position latérale sur les deux mâchoires pour appliquer l'abrasif depuis deux côtés et depuis le bas contre la portée à usiner, lors du serrage des mâchoires, ce qui permet un serrage isostatique (3 points).On the machining device according to the invention, each arm comprises three means for applying the abrasive against the surface to be machined, a first in a fixed central position on the arm for applying the abrasive from the top to the surface to be machined and the other two in lateral position on the two jaws to apply the abrasive from two sides and from below against the surface to be machined, when clamping the jaws, which allows isostatic clamping (3 points).

D'une manière avantageuse, les deux mâchoires articulées sur le bras sont couplées de manière à pivoter de façon synchrone en opposition par rapport au bras, sous l'action d'un moyen de manoeuvre commun à effort de serrage contrôlé.Advantageously, the two jaws articulated on the arm are coupled so as to pivot synchronously in opposition with respect to the arm, under the action of a common operating means with controlled clamping force.

De préférence, ledit moyen de manoeuvre commun est constitué par un vérin à pression d'alimentation contrôlée.Preferably, said common operating means is constituted by a jack with controlled supply pressure.

Suivant un mode de réalisation particulièrement simple, les deux mâchoires sont couplées par engrenages, chaque bras portant un pignon en prise avec le pignon de l'autre mâchoire.According to a particularly simple embodiment, the two jaws are coupled by gears, each arm carrying a pinion engaged with the pinion of the other jaw.

En vue de l'équilibrage du bras, même en cas d'usinage de portées excentrées, il est avantageux que le bras soit mobile par rapport au coulisseau sous l'action d'un vérin à pression d'alimentation contrôlée.With a view to balancing the arm, even in the case of machining of eccentric spans, it is advantageous for the arm to be movable relative to the slide under the action of a jack with controlled supply pressure.

Chaque bras de la machine conforme à l'invention comporte avantageusement des moyens de guidage permettant au bras de se centrer sur la portée à usiner lors de la descente du bras sur cette dernière.Each arm of the machine conforms to the invention advantageously comprises guide means allowing the arm to be centered on the bearing surface to be machined when the arm descends on the latter.

Ces moyens de guidage peuvent comprendre sur chaque mâchoire un premier guide qui est situé en dessous des moyens d'application d'abrasif prévus sur cette mâchoire et qui comporte une surface de guidage disposée de manière que sur les mâchoires ouvertes, c'est-à-dire écartées, les deux surfaces de guidage des deux premiers guides de chaque bras convergent vers le haut, la distance réciproque desdites surfaces de guidage, à la partie inférieure de ces dernières, étant supérieure deux fois à l'excentricité maximale des portées excentrées.These guide means may comprise on each jaw a first guide which is located below the abrasive application means provided on this jaw and which has a guide surface arranged so that on the jaws open, that is to say -display apart, the two guide surfaces of the first two guides of each arm converge upwards, the reciprocal distance of said guide surfaces, at the bottom of the latter, being greater than twice the maximum eccentricity of the eccentric bearings.

De préférence, les moyens de guidage comprennent, en outre, deux seconds guides disposés sur le bras, de part et d'autre et en dessous du moyen d'application d'abrasif prévu sur le bras, les deux seconds guides présentant également des surfaces de guidage convergeant vers le haut.Preferably, the guide means further comprise two second guides arranged on the arm, on either side and below the abrasive application means provided on the arm, the two second guides also having surfaces guide converging upwards.

On va décrire ci-après plus en détail un mode de réalisation illustratif et non limitatif de l'objet de l'invention, en se référant aux dessins schématiques annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente un bras d'une machine d'usinage par toilage conforme à l'invention, le bras se trouvant en position haute au-dessus d'un tourillon à usiner, ses mâchoires étant ouvertes;
  • la figure 2 représente le bras d'usinage en position abaissée sur le tourillon à usiner, les mâchoires étant ouvertes;
  • la figure 3 représente la bras d'usinage en position abaissée, le mâchoires étant fermées sur le tourillon à usiner.
An illustrative and nonlimiting embodiment of the subject of the invention will be described below in more detail, with reference to the appended schematic drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents an arm of a grinding machine in accordance with the invention, the arm being in the high position above a journal to be machined, its jaws being open;
  • FIG. 2 represents the machining arm in the lowered position on the trunnion to be machined, the jaws being open;
  • Figure 3 shows the machining arm in the lowered position, the jaws being closed on the pin to be machined.

Le bras d'usinage par toilage, tel qu'illustré par les dessins, fait partie d'une machine de superfinition par toilage, permettant d'usiner simultanément tout ou partie des portées cylindriques d'un vilebrequin 1 dont on a représenté schématiquement les tourillons 2 et les manetons 3.The grinding machining arm, as shown by the drawings, is part of a superfinishing machine by grooming, making it possible to machine all or part of the cylindrical bearings of a crankshaft 1 of which the trunnions 2 and the crank pins 3 are shown diagrammatically.

La machine comprend, à cet effet, un coulisseau porte-bras 4 monté mobile verticalement sur un bâti 5 sous l'action d'une commande non présentée. Le coulisseau 4 porte, entre chaque fois deux flasques 6, des bras 7 flottants, c'est-à-dire montés pivotant librement autour d'un axe horizontal 8. L'axe horizontal 8 est solidaire d'un coulisseau 9 monté mobile sous l'action d'un vérin 10 dans une glissière 11 prévue à l'extrémité supérieure du bras 7.The machine comprises, for this purpose, an arm support slide 4 mounted vertically movable on a frame 5 under the action of a control not shown. The slide 4 carries, between each two flanges 6, floating arms 7, that is to say mounted freely pivoting about a horizontal axis 8. The horizontal axis 8 is integral with a slide 9 mounted movable under the action of a jack 10 in a slide 11 provided at the upper end of the arm 7.

A son extrémité inférieure, le bras 7 porte un appui 12 muni d'un patin d'application 13 dont la fonction apparaîtra par la suite. Par ailleurs, le bras 7 porte, au voisinage de son extrémité inférieure, deux mâchoires 14a,14b dont chacune est munie d'un appui 15a,15b équipé d'un patin d'application 16a,16b, Les deux mâchoires 14a,14b sont articulées par des axes 17a,17b sur le bras 7 et sont couplées par deux pignons 18a,18b en prise l'un avec l'autre. Un vérin 19 monté entre le bras 7 et la mâchoire 14a permet de faire pivoter cette dernière autour de l'axe 17a et, du fait du couplage des deux mâchoires 14a,14b par les pignons 18a,18b, de faire pivoter simultanément l'autre mâchoire 14b en synchronisme en sens contraire.At its lower end, the arm 7 carries a support 12 provided with an application pad 13 whose function will appear later. Furthermore, the arm 7 carries, near its lower end, two jaws 14a, 14b each of which is provided with a support 15a, 15b equipped with an application pad 16a, 16b, The two jaws 14a, 14b are articulated by axes 17a, 17b on the arm 7 and are coupled by two pinions 18a, 18b engaged with one another. A jack 19 mounted between the arm 7 and the jaw 14a makes it possible to pivot the latter around the axis 17a and, due to the coupling of the two jaws 14a, 14b by the pinions 18a, 18b, to pivot the other simultaneously jaw 14b in synchronism in opposite directions.

L'articulation des mâchoires 14a,14b sur le bras 7 et la disposition des appuis 15a,15b sur les mâchoires 14a,14b sont choisies de manière que lorsque le bras 7 est abaissé sur la pièce à usiner et que les mâchoires 14a,14b sont serrées autour de cette pièce par le vérin 19, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 3, les trois appuis 12,15a,15b et les patins d'application 13,16a et 16b de ces appuis, soient disposés sensiblement aux angles d'un triangle équilatéral, le patin 13 fixé au bras 7 étant en appui depuis le haut sur la pièce et les deux patins 16a,16b fixés aux deux mâchoires 14a,14b étant appuyés depuis le bas et depuis les deux côtés opposés contre la pièce.The articulation of the jaws 14a, 14b on the arm 7 and the arrangement of the supports 15a, 15b on the jaws 14a, 14b are chosen so that when the arm 7 is lowered on the workpiece and the jaws 14a, 14b are tightened around this part by the jack 19, as shown in FIG. 3, the three supports 12, 15a, 15b and the application pads 13, 16a and 16b of these supports, are arranged substantially at the angles of an equilateral triangle, the shoe 13 fixed to the arm 7 being in abutment from the top on the part and the two shoes 16a, 16b fixed to the two jaws 14a, 14b being pressed from the bottom and from the two opposite sides against the workpiece.

Le bras 7 porte, par ailleurs, deux guides 20a,20b disposés de part et d'autre de l'appui 12, les deux guides ayant des surfaces de guidage 21a,21b situées en dessous du patin 13 et convergeant vers le haut, de telle manière que les guides 20a,20b assurent, lors de l'abaissement du bras 7 sur la pièce 1 à usiner, un autocentrage du bras 7, donc du patin 13, par rapport à la pièce 1.The arm 7 also carries two guides 20a, 20b arranged on either side of the support 12, the two guides having guide surfaces 21a, 21b located below the shoe 13 and converging upwards, such that the guides 20a, 20b ensure, during the lowering of the arm 7 on the part 1 to be machined, self-centering of the arm 7, therefore of the shoe 13, relative to the part 1.

Par ailleurs, chacune des deux mâchoires 14a,14b porte, en dessous de son appui 15a,15b, un guide 22a,22b présentant une surface de guidage 23a,23b. Les guides 22a,22b sont conformés et disposés de telle manière que lorsque les deux mâchoires 14a,14b sont ouvertes (figures 1 et 2), les surfaces de guidage 23a,23b convergent vers le haut, leur espacement réciproque maximal à la portée inférieure étant supérieur à deux fois l'excentricité maximale des manetons de la pièce 1 à usiner et leur espacement réciproque minimal étant sensiblement égal à la distance réciproque maximale des surfaces de guidage 21a,21b des deux guides fixes 20a,20b.Furthermore, each of the two jaws 14a, 14b carries, below its support 15a, 15b, a guide 22a, 22b having a guide surface 23a, 23b. The guides 22a, 22b are shaped and arranged so that when the two jaws 14a, 14b are open (Figures 1 and 2), the guide surfaces 23a, 23b converge upwards, their maximum reciprocal spacing at the lower span being greater than twice the maximum eccentricity of the crank pins of the part 1 to be machined and their minimum reciprocal spacing being substantially equal to the maximum reciprocal distance of the guide surfaces 21a, 21b of the two fixed guides 20a, 20b.

Chaque bras 7 est, en outre, équipé d'un ensemble de guidage et de tension pour une bande abrasive 24. Cet ensemble est conçu de manière à faire passer la bande abrasive 24 sur les trois patins 13,16a et 16b et comprend un ensemble de galets de guidage et de renvoi, grâce auquel la bande abrasive 24 contourne les surfaces de guidage 21a,21b,23a,23b. Cet ensemble de guidage et de tension ne constitue pas l'objet de la présente invention et ne sera pas décrit plus en détail.Each arm 7 is, moreover, equipped with a guide and tensioning assembly for an abrasive strip 24. This assembly is designed so as to pass the abrasive strip 24 over the three pads 13, 16a and 16b and comprises a set guide and deflection rollers, by means of which the abrasive strip 24 circumvents the guide surfaces 21a, 21b, 23a, 23b. This guide and tension assembly is not the subject of the present invention and will not be described in more detail.

En se référant aux figures 1, 2 et 3, on va décrire ci-après le mode de fonctionnement du dispositif conforme à l'invention.Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3, we will describe below the operating mode of the device according to the invention.

Pour usiner tout ou partie des portées cylindriques d'une pièce 1, par exemple, tout ou partie des tourillons 2 et/ou des manetons 3 d'un vilebrequin, à l'aide d'un dispositif multiple comprenant, sur un même coulisseau 3, autant de bras 7 que le vilebrequin 1 comporte de portées à usiner simultanément, on amène le vilebrequin 1 en dessous des bras 7 flottants du coulisseau 4 relevé en position haute, les mâchoires 14a,14b des bras 7 étant ouvertes (figure 1). Le vilebrequin 1 est supporté, de façon connue en soi, par exemple entre pointes, et est entraîné en rotation, pendant l'usinage des portées, autour de son axe de rotation défini par l'axe des tourillons 2.To machine all or part of the cylindrical bearings of a part 1, for example, all or part of the pins 2 and / or crank pins 3 of a crankshaft, using a multiple device comprising, on the same slide 3 , as many arms 7 as the crankshaft 1 has bearing surfaces to be machined simultaneously, the crankshaft 1 is brought below the floating arms 7 of the slide 4 raised in the high position, the jaws 14a, 14b of the arms 7 being open (FIG. 1). The crankshaft 1 is supported, in a manner known per se, for example between points, and is driven in rotation, during the machining of the bearings, around its axis of rotation defined by the axis of the pins 2.

Lorsque le vilebrequin 1 a été amené verticalement en dessous des bras 7, comme représenté sur la figure 1, le coulisseau 4 est abaissé, de sorte que chaque bras 7 se centre par rapport à la portée cylindrique qu'il doit usiner (tourillon 2, maneton 3), grâce aux surfaces de guidage 23a,23b des guides 22a,22b et aux surfaces de guidage 21,21b des guides 20a,20b, ce qui amène le patin 13 du bras 7 sur la portée cylindrique à usiner (figure 2).When the crankshaft 1 has been brought vertically below the arms 7, as shown in FIG. 1, the slide 4 is lowered, so that each arm 7 is centered with respect to the cylindrical bearing which it must machine (pin 2, crankpin 3), thanks to the guide surfaces 23a, 23b of the guides 22a, 22b and to the guide surfaces 21,21b of the guides 20a, 20b, which brings the shoe 13 of the arm 7 to the cylindrical surface to be machined (FIG. 2) .

Dans l'exemple des figures, le bras 7 illustré est destiné à l'usinage d'un tourillon 2 du vilebrequin 1.In the example of the figures, the arm 7 illustrated is intended for the machining of a journal 2 of the crankshaft 1.

On serre ensuite les deux mâchoires 14a,14b, par alimentation du vérin 19 dont la course est contrôlée par deux fins de course 25,26 réglables en fonction du diamètre de la portée à usiner, de sorte que les deux patins 16a,16b se trouvent appliqués latéralement depuis le bas contre la portée cylindrique 2 à usiner, grâce au couplage des deux mâchoires 14a,14b par les pignons 18a,18b. Les trois patins 13,16a,16b sont ainsi en appui avec une pression uniforme contre la portée 2 à usiner, sensiblement aux trois angles d'un triangle équilatéral, et appliquent ainsi la bande abrasive 24 avec une pression uniforme contre la portée 2 (figure 3). Il suffit alors d'entraîner en rotation la pièce 1 autour de son axe de rotation, pour assurer l'usinage uniforme de la portée 2.The two jaws 14a, 14b are then clamped by supplying the jack 19, the stroke of which is controlled by two limit switches 25, 26 adjustable as a function of the diameter of the bearing surface to be machined, so that the two pads 16a, 16b are located applied laterally from below against the cylindrical seat 2 to be machined, by coupling the two jaws 14a, 14b by the pinions 18a, 18b. The three pads 13, 16a, 16b are thus supported with a uniform pressure against the surface 2 to be machined, substantially at the three angles of an equilateral triangle, and thus apply the abrasive strip 24 with a uniform pressure against the surface 2 (FIG. 3). It then suffices to rotate the part 1 around its axis of rotation, to ensure uniform machining of the bearing 2.

Lors de l'usinage des tourillons 2 d'un vilebrequin 1, l'entraînement en rotation du vilebrequin 1 autour de son axe de rotation, donc autour de l'axe des tourillons 2, ne provoque pratiquement aucun mouvement (de pivotement ou de montée ou de descente) des bras 7.During the machining of the journals 2 of a crankshaft 1, the rotational driving of the crankshaft 1 around its axis of rotation, therefore around the axis of the journals 2, causes practically no movement (pivoting or raising or down) arms 7.

Il n'en est pas de même lors de l'usinage de portées cylindriques excentrées, par exemple des manetons 3 d'un vilebrequin 1. En effet, lors de l'entraînement en rotation du vilebrequin autour de son axe de rotation, ces manetons 3 excentrés par rapport à l'axe de rotation (axe des tourillons), effectuent une trajectoire circulaire excentrée par rapport à l'axe de rotation. Il est donc nécessaire que chaque bras 7 devant usiner une telle portée excentrée, puisse suivre ce mouvement de la portée à usiner, sans que ce bras ne soit déséquilibré par les effets provenant de la masse du bras mis en mouvement par la pièce à usiner 1 lors de la rotation de cette dernière.It is not the same when machining eccentric cylindrical bearings, for example crank pins 3 of a crankshaft 1. In fact, when the crankshaft is rotated around its axis of rotation, these crank pins 3 eccentric with respect to the axis of rotation (axis of the trunnions), carry out a circular trajectory eccentric with respect to the axis of rotation. It is therefore necessary that each arm 7 having to machine such an eccentric bearing, can follow this movement of the bearing to be machined, without this arm being unbalanced by the effects originating from the mass of the arm set in motion by the workpiece 1 during the rotation of the latter.

L'équilibrage du bras 7 du dispositif conforme à l'invention, est assuré par le vérin 10 qui exerce un effet constant sur le bras 7, quelle que soit la position de ce dernier.Balancing of the arm 7 of the device according to the invention is ensured by the jack 10 which exerts a constant effect on the arm 7, whatever the position of the latter.

Cet équilibrage du bras 7 par le vérin 10, en combinaison avec le serrage isostatique des trois patins 13,16a,16b, grâce aux deux mâchoires 14a,14b couplées, permet d'assurer un effort de serrage uniforme et contrôlable des trois patins sur la portée à usiner.This balancing of the arm 7 by the jack 10, in combination with the isostatic tightening of the three pads 13, 16a, 16b, thanks to the two jaws 14a, 14b coupled, ensures a uniform and controllable clamping force of the three pads on the surface to be machined.

Claims (7)

1. Machine pour l'usinage par abrasif de portées cylindriques sur des pièces, notamment pour l'usinage par toilage des tourillons et manetons sur des vilebrequins, comprenant, pour l'usinage de chaque portée, un bras qui est monté librement pivotant autour d'un axe horizontal sur un coulisseau mobile verticalement et qui porte deux mâchoires articulées sur le bras et couplées de manière à pouvoir être serrées l'une contre l'autre par pivotement synchrone en opposition par rapport au bras, sous l'action d'un moyen de manoeuvre commun, les mâchoires portant des moyens d'application de l'abrasif contre la portée à usiner lors du serrage des mâchoires, caractérisée par le fait que chaque bras (7) comporte trois moyens (13,16a,16b) d'application de l'abrasif contre la portée à usiner, à savoir un premier (13) en position médiane fixe sur le bras (7) et les deux autres (16a,16b) en position latérale sur les deux mâchoires (14a,14b), le bras (7) étant mobile par rapport au coulisseau (4) sous l'action d'un vérin d'équilibrage (10) à pression d'alimentation contrôlée, de manière que lors du serrage des mâchoires, les trois moyens d'application de l'abrasif contre la portée à usiner soient disposés sensiblement aux trois angles d'un triangle équilatéral et appliqués avec une pression uniforme contre la portée à usiner.1. Machine for the abrasive machining of cylindrical bearings on parts, in particular for the machining by trunnions and crankpins on crankshafts, comprising, for the machining of each bearing, an arm which is mounted freely pivoting around '' a horizontal axis on a slide movable vertically and which carries two jaws articulated on the arm and coupled so as to be able to be tightened one against the other by synchronous pivoting in opposition with respect to the arm, under the action of a common operating means, the jaws carrying means for applying the abrasive against the surface to be machined when clamping the jaws, characterized in that each arm (7) comprises three means (13,16a, 16b) of application of the abrasive against the surface to be machined, namely a first (13) in the fixed central position on the arm (7) and the other two (16a, 16b) in the lateral position on the two jaws (14a, 14b), the arm (7) being movable relative t to the slide (4) under the action of a balancing cylinder (10) with controlled supply pressure, so that when the jaws are tightened, the three means of applying the abrasive against the surface to to be machined are arranged substantially at the three angles of an equilateral triangle and applied with uniform pressure against the surface to be machined. 2. Machine suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que les deux mâchoires (14a,14b) articulées sur le bras (7) sont couplées de manière à pivoter de façon synchrone en opposition par rapport au bras, sous l'action d'un moyen de manoeuvre (19) commun à effort de serrage contrôlé.2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the two jaws (14a, 14b) articulated on the arm (7) are coupled so as to pivot synchronously in opposition with respect to the arm, under the action of an operating means (19) common to controlled clamping force. 3. Machine suivant la revendication 2, caractérisée par le fait que ledit moyen de manoeuvre (19) est constitué par un vérin à pression d'alimentation contrôlée.3. Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that said operating means (19) is constituted by a cylinder with controlled supply pressure. 4. Machine suivant la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisée par le fait que les deux mâchoires (14a,14b) sont couplées par engrenages, chaque bras portant un pignon (18a,18b) en prise avec le pignon de l'autre mâchoire.4. Machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the two jaws (14a, 14b) are coupled by gears, each arm carrying a pinion (18a, 18b) engaged with the pinion of the other jaw. 5. Machine suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par le fait que chaque bras comporte des moyens de guidage (20a,20b;22a, 22b) permettant au bras de se centrer sur la portée à usiner lors de la descente du bras sur cette dernière.5. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each arm comprises guide means (20a, 20b; 22a, 22b) allowing the arm to center on the surface to be machined when the arm is lowered on the latter. 6. Machine suivant la revendication 5, caractérisée par le fait que les moyens de guidage comprennent, sur chaque mâchoire (14a,14b), un premier guide (22a,22b) qui est situé en dessous des moyens d'application d'abrasif (16a,16b) prévus sur cette mâchoire et qui comporte une surface de guidage (23a, 23b) disposée de manière que sur les mâchoires ouvertes, c'est-à-dire écartées, les deux surfaces de guidage (23a,23b) des deux premiers guides (22a,22b) de chaque bras (7) convergent vers le haut, la distance réciproque desdites surfaces de guidage, à la partie inférieure de ces dernières, étant supérieure à deux fois l'excentricité maximale des portées excentrées à usiner.6. Machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the guide means comprise, on each jaw (14a, 14b), a first guide (22a, 22b) which is located below the abrasive application means ( 16a, 16b) provided on this jaw and which has a guide surface (23a, 23b) arranged so that on the open jaws, that is to say apart, the two guide surfaces (23a, 23b) of the two first guides (22a, 22b) of each arm (7) converge upwards, the reciprocal distance of said guide surfaces, at the bottom of the latter, being greater than twice the maximum eccentricity of the eccentric bearings to be machined. 7. Machine suivant la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisée par le fait que les moyens de guidage comprennent deux seconds guides (20a,20b) disposés sur le bras (7), de part et d'autre et en dessous du moyen d'application d'abrasif (13) prévu sur le bras, les deux seconds guides présentant également des surfaces de guidage (21a,21b) convergeant vers le haut.7. Machine according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the guide means comprise two second guides (20a, 20b) arranged on the arm (7), on either side and below the application means abrasive (13) provided on the arm, the two second guides also having guide surfaces (21a, 21b) converging upwards.
EP89402555A 1988-09-27 1989-09-19 Device for abrasive machining of cylindrical bearing surfaces of workpieces, in particular for belt grinding of crankshaft journals and pins Expired - Lifetime EP0366506B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8812622 1988-09-27
FR888812622A FR2636877B1 (en) 1988-09-27 1988-09-27 MACHINE FOR THE ABRASIVE MACHINING OF CYLINDRICAL SURFACES ON PARTS, PARTICULARLY FOR THE MACHINING BY CANVAS OF TRACKS AND CRANKSHAFT ON CRANKSHAFT

Publications (2)

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EP0366506A1 true EP0366506A1 (en) 1990-05-02
EP0366506B1 EP0366506B1 (en) 1992-06-17

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US (1) US5058325A (en)
EP (1) EP0366506B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0366553A (en)
DE (1) DE68901850T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2033115T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2636877B1 (en)

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EP0680806A1 (en) * 1994-05-04 1995-11-08 Societe Des Procedes Machines Speciales Tooling for belt finishing of cylindrical bearings with diameter control of the bearings
EP0733437A1 (en) * 1995-03-24 1996-09-25 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Abrasive machining apparatus equipped with a device for facilitating replacement of abrasive tape
DE19602974A1 (en) * 1996-01-27 1997-07-31 Thielenhaus Ernst Kg Finish grinding machine for bearing surfaces of shafts
US5755615A (en) * 1995-11-13 1998-05-26 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Lapping apparatus
US6383063B1 (en) 1998-04-03 2002-05-07 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Polishing apparatus and polishing method
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EP0680806A1 (en) * 1994-05-04 1995-11-08 Societe Des Procedes Machines Speciales Tooling for belt finishing of cylindrical bearings with diameter control of the bearings
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EP1022092A1 (en) * 1995-03-24 2000-07-26 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Abrasive machining apparatus equipped with a device for facilitating replacement of abrasive tape
US5865669A (en) * 1995-03-24 1999-02-02 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Abrasive machining apparatus equipped with a device for facilitating replacement of abrasive tape
EP0950467A2 (en) * 1995-03-24 1999-10-20 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Abrasive machining apparatus equipped with a device for facilitating replacement of abrasive tape
EP0950467A3 (en) * 1995-03-24 1999-11-03 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Abrasive machining apparatus equipped with a device for facilitating replacement of abrasive tape
EP0733437A1 (en) * 1995-03-24 1996-09-25 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Abrasive machining apparatus equipped with a device for facilitating replacement of abrasive tape
US5755615A (en) * 1995-11-13 1998-05-26 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Lapping apparatus
DE19602974A1 (en) * 1996-01-27 1997-07-31 Thielenhaus Ernst Kg Finish grinding machine for bearing surfaces of shafts
US6383063B1 (en) 1998-04-03 2002-05-07 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Polishing apparatus and polishing method
EP2324955A1 (en) 2009-11-24 2011-05-25 Renault s.a.s. Finishing machine
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE68901850D1 (en) 1992-07-23
DE68901850T2 (en) 1993-02-04
FR2636877A1 (en) 1990-03-30
EP0366506B1 (en) 1992-06-17
US5058325A (en) 1991-10-22
JPH0366553A (en) 1991-03-22
ES2033115T3 (en) 1993-03-01
FR2636877B1 (en) 1994-07-01

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