EP0616703A1 - Als carrier für die elektrophotographie geeignete teilchen. - Google Patents
Als carrier für die elektrophotographie geeignete teilchen.Info
- Publication number
- EP0616703A1 EP0616703A1 EP93900028A EP93900028A EP0616703A1 EP 0616703 A1 EP0616703 A1 EP 0616703A1 EP 93900028 A EP93900028 A EP 93900028A EP 93900028 A EP93900028 A EP 93900028A EP 0616703 A1 EP0616703 A1 EP 0616703A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- carrier
- water vapor
- oxygen
- gas phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/113—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having coatings applied thereto
- G03G9/1131—Coating methods; Structure of coatings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/113—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having coatings applied thereto
- G03G9/1139—Inorganic components of coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
Definitions
- Particles suitable as carriers for electrophotography are Particles suitable as carriers for electrophotography
- the present invention relates to new particles (I) suitable as carriers for electrography
- the invention also relates to further new particles (II) suitable as carriers for electrophotography
- the invention further relates to processes for the production of these particles and their use for the production of two-component electrophotographic developers and two-component electrophotographic developers which contain these particles.
- Two-component developers are used in electrophotographic copiers and laser printers to develop an electrophotographically generated latent image and usually consist of carrier particles and toner particles.
- the carrier particles are magnetizable particles with sizes of generally 20 to 1,000 ⁇ m.
- the toner particles consist essentially of a coloring component and binder and are about 5 to 30 microns in size.
- the electrostatic, latent image is created in the copying process by selective exposure of an electrostatically charged photoconductor roller with light reflected from the original generated. In the laser printer, this is done by a laser beam.
- the carrier particles used have to meet a number of requirements: They should be magnetizable and thus enable the magnetic brush to be assembled quickly. Furthermore, their surface should have a low conductivity in order to prevent a short circuit between the sector magnet and the photoconductor roller. This conductivity should remain constant over long operating times of the carrier in order to keep the triboelectric charge of the developer constant for a long time. Last but not least, the carrier particles should also be flowable and not clump in the developer reservoir.
- the invention was based on the object of providing new carriers for electrophotography which are distinguished by favorable application properties, and thus of making it possible to optimally match the carrier to the toner used in each case.
- suitable particles (I) were selected as carriers for electrophotography
- the cores of the particles (I) and (II) according to the invention which are suitable as carriers for electrophotography can be made from the usual soft magnetic materials such as iron, steel, magnetite, ferrites (for example nickel / zinc, manganese / zinc and tree ferrites), Cobalt and nickel as well as particles of these metals or metal compounds which are embedded in polymer resins normally used for this purpose.
- Hard magnetic materials such as strontium or barium ferrite or neodymium iron borides are also suitable.
- the cores can additionally be coated with iron and / or titanium oxide or mixtures thereof and in the case of carriers (II) with iron oxide. This type of coating is described in the above-mentioned EP-A-303 918.
- the metal oxide shells of the carrier cores (I) and (II) according to the invention are mainly composed of the following oxides: aluminum oxide (A1 2 0 3 ), chro (III) oxide (Cr 2 0 3 ), molybdenum (VI) oxide (Mo0 3 ), tungsten (VI) oxide (W0 3 ), silicon dioxide (Si0 2 ), tin dioxide (Sn0 2 ) and zirconium dioxide (Zr0 2 ) and in the case of the carrier (II) titanium dioxide (Ti0 2 ).
- the oxide shell of the carrier (I) can also consist of mixtures of the oxides mentioned, which have been deposited in succession or simultaneously, and of mixed oxides.
- the thickness of the oxide shell is not critical per se. In principle, both very thin and very thick layers are possible.
- the optimal thickness of the oxide shell depends on the respective application. As a rule, it is approximately 2 nm to 500 nm, preferably 10 nm to 200 nm.
- volatile compounds of the corresponding metals are decomposed hydrolytically and / or oxidatively in the gas phase in the presence of the carrier cores to be coated (“chemical vapor deposition”).
- the corresponding carbonyls, halides and alcoholates are preferably used.
- the chlorides are particularly preferred for the halides, but the bromides and iodides, e.g. Aluminum tribromide can be used.
- the alcoholates can be both aromatic and aliphatic compounds. Particularly preferred here are, for example, phenolates and benzyl alcoholates and especially C 1 -C 4 -alkanolates such as methanolates, ethanolates, n- and isopropanolates and n-, tert.- and isobutanolates.
- Very particularly preferred starting compounds are chromium, molybdenum and tungsten hexacarbonyl, aluminum trichloride and silicon, tin and zirconium tetrachloride.
- titanium dioxide essentially titanium dioxide, titanium tetraalcoholates such as titanium tetraphenolate, titanium tetrabenzyl alcoholate and titanium tetra-C 1 -C 4 -alkanolates such as titanium tetra-methanolate, ethanolate, n-propanolate, -n-, -iso- and -tert.-butanolate and preferably titanium tetraisopropanolate.
- titanium tetraalcoholates such as titanium tetraphenolate, titanium tetrabenzyl alcoholate and titanium tetra-C 1 -C 4 -alkanolates
- titanium tetra-methanolate ethanolate
- n-propanolate -n-, -iso- and -tert.-butanolate
- titanium tetraisopropanolate titanium tetraisopropanolate.
- the carbonyls are preferably decomposed by oxidation with oxygen or air, while the halides and alcoholates are preferably decomposed by hydrolysis with water vapor in the presence or absence of oxygen.
- the alcoholates and halides can also be oxidatively decomposed, but higher temperatures (about 200 to 600 ° C.) are required for this, in particular in the case of the halides.
- higher temperatures about 200 to 600 ° C.
- temperature-stable cores such as steel and ferrite cores are suitable for a coating carried out in this way.
- the procedure is expediently as follows:
- the carrier cores are first fluidized in an heatable reaction vessel, preferably in a moving fixed bed or a fluidized bed, with an inert gas such as nitrogen and heated to a temperature of generally 100 to 400 ° C., preferably 200 to 300 ° C.
- the evaporated metal compound in a mixture with an inert gas such as nitrogen and the respective reactant, either air or other oxygen / nitrogen mixtures for oxidation or water vapor with a carrier gas such as nitrogen or air for hydrolysis are then fed in separately.
- the concentration of oxygen, water vapor and, above all, metal compound in the respective carrier gas should preferably be below about 5% by volume in order to ensure a uniform coating of the carrier surface with metal oxide.
- the thickness of the metal oxide layer formed naturally depends on the amount of metal compound supplied and can thus be controlled over the duration of the coating.
- the product After cooling, the product can then be discharged and used without further treatment.
- the coating of the carrier cores via the gas phase decomposition of corresponding metal compounds is the preferred procedure for producing the carrier according to the invention. In principle, however, this can also be carried out by precipitating the metal oxide or hydroxide from an aqueous metal salt solution or from an organic solvent and subsequent heat treatment.
- the carriers according to the invention have homogeneous, abrasion-resistant metal oxide layers. Their surface shows the desired low conductivity. Depending on the toner used in each case, they allow both positive and negative toner charging and can therefore be selected specifically for the respective intended use. In addition, they have a long service life and can therefore, overall, be advantageous with the commercially available toners for the production of electrophotographic two-component developers are used.
- the raw carrier was coated in a moving fixed bed.
- a temperature-controlled metal nozzle was inserted through the motor shaft of the rotary evaporator into the center of the carrier bed in the flask, which contained two separate water-cooled gas inlet tubes and a gas-tight thermocouple.
- the quartz bulb was heated by a 6 1 heating element.
- the metal compound evaporated in each case in an evaporator vessel upstream of the nozzle was fed in a nitrogen stream through an inlet pipe.
- the second inlet pipe was used to supply nitrogen and air for oxidation or air loaded with water vapor in a further upstream evaporator vessel.
- A spherical steel carrier with an average particle size of 75 to 180 ⁇ m, type TC 100 (Pometon S.p.A., Italy),
- Tl positively chargeable toner for the commercial Siemens ND 2/3 laser printer
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4140900A DE4140900A1 (de) | 1991-12-12 | 1991-12-12 | Als carrier fuer die elektrophotographie geeignete teilchen |
DE4140900 | 1991-12-12 | ||
PCT/EP1992/002819 WO1993012470A1 (de) | 1991-12-12 | 1992-12-05 | Als carrier für die elektrophotographie geeignete teilchen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0616703A1 true EP0616703A1 (de) | 1994-09-28 |
EP0616703B1 EP0616703B1 (de) | 1996-11-20 |
Family
ID=6446830
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93900028A Expired - Lifetime EP0616703B1 (de) | 1991-12-12 | 1992-12-05 | Als carrier für die elektrophotographie geeignete teilchen |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5496674A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0616703B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH08500908A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2125479A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4140900A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2093956T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1993012470A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2114913C (en) † | 1993-02-05 | 2003-12-09 | Takafumi Atarashi | Powder having at least one layer and process for preparing the same |
JPH07181743A (ja) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-07-21 | Kao Corp | 電子写真用キャリア及びその製造方法 |
DE4403678A1 (de) * | 1994-02-07 | 1995-08-10 | Basf Ag | Metalloxid- und metallbeschichtete Carrier für die Elektrophotographie |
DE4403679A1 (de) * | 1994-02-07 | 1995-08-10 | Basf Ag | Zinndioxidbeschichtete Carrier für die Elektrophotographie |
DE4409966A1 (de) * | 1994-03-23 | 1995-09-28 | Basf Ag | Zweifach mit Metalloxid beschichtete Carrier für die Elektrophotographie |
JP3286134B2 (ja) * | 1995-10-12 | 2002-05-27 | ファイラックインターナショナル株式会社 | 流体燃料の改質用セラミックス触媒 |
DE19614637A1 (de) * | 1996-04-13 | 1997-10-16 | Basf Ag | Goniochromatische Glanzpigmente auf der Basis von beschichteten Siliciumdioxidplättchen |
US6228549B1 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2001-05-08 | Heidelberg Digital L.L.C. | Magnetic carrier particles |
US6723481B2 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2004-04-20 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Method for using hard magnetic carriers in an electrographic process |
US6232026B1 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2001-05-15 | Heidelberg Digital L.L.C. | Magnetic carrier particles |
CA2375345A1 (en) * | 2000-05-17 | 2001-11-22 | Heidelberg Digital L.L.C. | Method for using hard magnetic carriers in an electrographic process |
EP1570008A1 (de) | 2002-11-13 | 2005-09-07 | Ciba SC Holding AG | Neuartige interferenzpigmente |
EP1711211A1 (de) * | 2004-01-15 | 2006-10-18 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Ultraschall-kontrastmittel für die molekulare bilddarstellung |
US7943194B2 (en) | 2004-08-23 | 2011-05-17 | Basf Se | Process for preparing flake-form pigments based on aluminum and on Sioz(Z=0.7-2.0) comprising forming a layer of separating agent |
US7635518B1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2009-12-22 | University Of Louisiana At Lafayette | Dendritic magnetic nanostructures and method for making same |
JP2010532808A (ja) | 2007-07-12 | 2010-10-14 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | パーライトフレークを基礎とする干渉顔料 |
US8936799B2 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2015-01-20 | Basf Se | Pigments with improved sparkling effect |
EP2531562B1 (de) | 2010-02-04 | 2018-01-24 | Basf Se | Pigmentzusammensetzungen mit verbessertem glitzereffekt |
US8585818B1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-11-19 | Basf Se | Coated perlite flakes |
JP6569173B2 (ja) * | 2015-01-28 | 2019-09-04 | パウダーテック株式会社 | 外殻構造を有するフェライト粒子 |
WO2019193104A1 (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2019-10-10 | Altana Ag | Effect pigments based on colored hectorites and coated colored hectorites and manufacture thereof |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3440085A (en) * | 1963-12-16 | 1969-04-22 | Nuclear Materials & Equipment | Method of and apparatus for producing coated particles |
JPS52145224A (en) * | 1976-05-28 | 1977-12-03 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Dry type developing powder |
US4345013A (en) * | 1977-02-28 | 1982-08-17 | Black Copy Company, Inc. | Dual purpose magnetic toner |
JPS59127057A (ja) * | 1983-01-11 | 1984-07-21 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | 電子写真用現像剤 |
JPS59127058A (ja) * | 1983-01-11 | 1984-07-21 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | 電子写真用現像剤 |
JPS59131942A (ja) * | 1983-01-18 | 1984-07-28 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | 電子写真用現像剤 |
JPS6087352A (ja) * | 1983-10-19 | 1985-05-17 | Canon Inc | トナ−塗布方法 |
EP0434669B1 (de) * | 1984-09-29 | 1994-08-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gecoateden magnetischen Pulvers und gepresster magnetischer Pulverkern |
DE3727383A1 (de) * | 1987-08-17 | 1989-03-02 | Basf Ag | Carrier fuer reprographie und verfahren zur herstellung dieser carrier |
US4917952A (en) * | 1987-09-29 | 1990-04-17 | Toda Kogyo Corp. | Electroconductive iron oxide particles |
JPH01247503A (ja) * | 1988-03-30 | 1989-10-03 | Tdk Corp | 磁性粒子およびその製造方法 |
DE68920778T2 (de) * | 1988-05-24 | 1995-05-18 | Anagen Uk Ltd | Magnetisch anziehbare Teilchen und Herstellungsverfahren. |
DE3831091A1 (de) * | 1988-09-13 | 1990-03-29 | Basf Ag | Oxidbeschichtete carrier, ein verfahren zur herstellung dieser carrier und deren verwendung |
DE3837782A1 (de) * | 1988-11-08 | 1990-05-10 | Starck Hermann C Fa | Sauerstoffhaltiges molybdaenmetallpulver sowie verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
US5093201A (en) * | 1989-01-13 | 1992-03-03 | Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha | Polyolefinic resin-coated uneven electrophotographic carrier particles |
US5135832A (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 1992-08-04 | Xerox Corporation | Colored toner compositions |
-
1991
- 1991-12-12 DE DE4140900A patent/DE4140900A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1992
- 1992-12-05 US US08/244,712 patent/US5496674A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-12-05 JP JP5510580A patent/JPH08500908A/ja active Pending
- 1992-12-05 ES ES93900028T patent/ES2093956T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-12-05 WO PCT/EP1992/002819 patent/WO1993012470A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1992-12-05 DE DE59207555T patent/DE59207555D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-12-05 CA CA002125479A patent/CA2125479A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-12-05 EP EP93900028A patent/EP0616703B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9312470A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4140900A1 (de) | 1993-06-17 |
JPH08500908A (ja) | 1996-01-30 |
WO1993012470A1 (de) | 1993-06-24 |
DE59207555D1 (de) | 1997-01-02 |
EP0616703B1 (de) | 1996-11-20 |
US5496674A (en) | 1996-03-05 |
ES2093956T3 (es) | 1997-01-01 |
CA2125479A1 (en) | 1993-06-24 |
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