EP0790753B1 - Système de spatialisation sonore, et procédé pour sa mise en oeuvre - Google Patents
Système de spatialisation sonore, et procédé pour sa mise en oeuvre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0790753B1 EP0790753B1 EP97400248A EP97400248A EP0790753B1 EP 0790753 B1 EP0790753 B1 EP 0790753B1 EP 97400248 A EP97400248 A EP 97400248A EP 97400248 A EP97400248 A EP 97400248A EP 0790753 B1 EP0790753 B1 EP 0790753B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sound
- microphones
- transfer functions
- head
- spatial
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
- H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
- H04S3/002—Non-adaptive circuits, e.g. manually adjustable or static, for enhancing the sound image or the spatial distribution
- H04S3/004—For headphones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S2400/00—Details of stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
- H04S2400/01—Multi-channel, i.e. more than two input channels, sound reproduction with two speakers wherein the multi-channel information is substantially preserved
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a personalization method of a spatialization system sound system customization of a spatialization system sound.
- Radiocommunications can be content stereophonic, or even monophonic, while the on-board communications and alarms cannot be located by report to the pilot (or co-pilot ).
- the subject of the present invention is a communication system audiophonic, which allows to easily discriminate the location of a determined sound source, in particular in the case of the existence of several sound sources near the user.
- the personalization process according to the invention is a method for customizing a sound spatialization system, by estimation of the head transfer functions of the user characterized by the we measure these functions in a finite number of points in space the environment, in two series of surveys, the first consisting of spatial sampling by placing a sound source at different points a sphere in the center of which we have a pair of microphones whose mutual distance is of the order of the width of the head of the subject whose we want to collect the head transfer functions, the second series of being raised with the subject placed so that his ears are located at the location of the microphones, the subject being provided with individualized ear plugs in which are placed miniature microphones, then by interpolation of the values thus measured at calculate the head transfer functions, for each of the two ears of the user, at the point in the space where the sound source is located, and create a spatial signal from the monophonic signal to be processed by convolving it with each of the two transfer functions thus estimated.
- the personalization system is a customization system of a source spatialization system sound each producing monophonic channels, comprising, for each monophonic channel to be spatialized, a binaural processor with two convolution filter channels combined linearly in each channel, this (s) processor (s) being connected (s) to an orienting device for calculating spatial location of sound sources, itself linked to at least one localization device, characterized in that it includes a tool for head transfer function measurement installed in a room anechoic comprising a semi-circular rail mounted on a motorized pivot, on which moves a speaker connected to a sound source, a pair microphones being placed in the center of the sphere described by the rail, the distance separating the microphones being of the order of the width of the head the system user.
- the invention is described below with reference to a system aircraft audio, especially fighter aircraft, but it's fine understood that it is not limited to such an application, and that it can be implementation as well in other types of vehicles (land or maritime) than in fixed installations.
- the user of this system is, in this case, the pilot of a combat aircraft, but it is of course that there can be multiple users simultaneously, especially if it is of a civil transport aircraft, specific devices for each user being provided in corresponding number.
- the spatialization module 1 represented in FIG. 1 has for role of making audible signals (tones, speech, alarms, ...) using a stereo headset so that they are perceived by the listener as if they came from a particular point in space, this point can be the actual position of the sound source or a position arbitrary. So, for example, the pilot of a fighter jet hears the voice from his co-pilot as if it actually came from behind him, or an audible missile attack alert is spatially positioned at the point arrival of the threat.
- the position of the sound source changes in function of the pilot's head movements and of the airplane movements: for example an alarm generated at the azimuth "3 hours" must be found at "noon" if the pilot turns his head 90 degrees to the right.
- the module 1 is for example connected to a digital bus 2 from which it receives information provided by: a head position detector 3, a inertial unit 4 and / or a location device such as a goniometer, radar, ..., countermeasures 5 (threat detection such as missiles) and an alarm management device 6 (reporting in particular breakdowns of instruments or equipment the plane).
- Module 1 includes an interpolator 7, the input of which is connected to bus 2 to which various sound sources are connected (microphones, alarms, ). In general, these sources are sampled at frequencies relatively weak (6, 12 or 24 kHz for example).
- the interpolator 7 allows to raise these frequencies to a common multiple, for example 48 kHz in the present case, frequency necessary for processors located downstream.
- This interpolator 7 is connected to n binaural processors, referenced 8 in their together, n being the maximum number of channels to be spatialized simultaneously.
- the outputs of processors 8 are connected to an adder 9 whose output constitutes the output of module 1.
- Module 1 also includes in the connection between at least one output of the interpolator 7 and the input of the corresponding processor of set 8 an adder 10 of which the other input is connected to the output of a sound illustration device 11 complementary.
- This device 11 produces an audible signal covering in particular the high frequencies (for example from 5 to 16 kHz) of the audio spectrum. he thus completes the useful bandwidth of the transmission channel at which its output signal is added.
- This transmission channel can be advantageously a radio channel, but it is understood that any other channel can be so completed, and that multiple channels can be completed in the same system, providing a corresponding number of adders such as 10. Indeed, radiocommunications use reduced bandwidths (3 to 4 kHz in general). Such a width of band is insufficient for correct spatialization of the sound signal. of the tests have shown that high frequencies (above about 14 kHz), located beyond the limit of the speech spectrum, allow better location of the source of the sound. The device 11 is then a device bandwidth expansion.
- the additional sound signal can for example be a background noise characteristic of a radio link.
- the device 11 can also be, for example, a device simulating the acoustic behavior of a room, a building ..., or a device simulating a Doppler effect, or even a device producing different sound symbols each corresponding to a source or an alarm determined.
- the processors 8 each generate a signal of the type stereophonic from the monophonic signal from the interpolator 7 to which is added, where appropriate, the signal from the device 11, taking account of the data provided by the head position detector 3 of the pilot.
- Module 1 also includes a device 12 for managing sources to be spatialized followed by an orienter 13 with n inputs (n being defined above) controlling the n different processors of set 8.
- the device 13 is a calculator calculating, from the data supplied by the pilot's head position detector, the orientation of the airplane by report to the landmark (provided by the aircraft's inertial unit) and the location of the source, the spatial coordinates of the point from where must seem to come from the sounds emitted by this source.
- n2 is advantageously equal to four at maximum.
- the device 12 for managing the n sources to be spatialized is a computer which receives, via bus 2, information concerning the characteristics of the sources to be spatialized (site, deposit and distance by report to the pilot), personalization criteria at the user's choice and priority information (threats, alarms, radio communications important, ).
- the device 12 receives information from the device 4 concerning the evolution of the localization of certain sources (or all sources, if applicable). From this information, the device 12 selects the source (or at most the n2 sources) to spatialize.
- a card reader 15 is used.
- memory 16 for device 1 in order to personalize the management of sources by the device 12.
- the reader 15 is connected to the bus 2.
- the card 16 then contains the characteristics of the filtering carried out by the pavilions of the ears of each user. In the preferred embodiment, it is a set of pairs of digital filters (i.e. coefficients representing their impulse responses) corresponding to the filtering acoustic "left ear" and "right ear” made for various points of the space surrounding the user.
- the database thus constituted is loaded, via bus 2, into the memory associated with the various processors 8.
- Processors 8 each essentially have two channels (say “left ear” and “right ear”) convolution filtering. More precisely, the role of each of the processors 8 is on the one hand to calculate by interpolation the head transfer functions (right and left) at the point in which the source will be placed, on the other hand to create the spatial signal on two channels from the original monophonic signal.
- the different equipment determining the orientation of the sound source and the orientation and location of the user's head provide their respective data every 20 or 40 ms ( ⁇ T), i.e. every ⁇ A couple of transfer functions are available.
- ⁇ T 20 or 40 ms
- the signal to spatialize is in fact convoluted by a pair of filters obtained by "temporal" interpolation carried out between the convolution filters spatially interpolated at the instants T and T + ⁇ T. It only remains to convert the digital signals as well obtained in analog before their restitution in the headphones of the user.
- attitude sensors On the diagram of figure 3, which relates to a track to spatialize, the different attitude (position) sensors have been represented implemented. These are: a head attitude sensor 17, a sensor 18 attitude of the sound source, and an attitude sensor 19 of the carrier mobile (plane for example).
- the information from these sensors is provided to the orienter 13, which determines from this information the spatial position from the source relative to the user's head (in line of sight and in distance).
- the guide 13 is connected to a database 20 (included in the card 16) which it commands to be loaded onto processors 8 of the "left" and "right” transfer functions of the four closest points the position of the source (see Figure 2), or possibly the point of measure (if the position of the source coincides with that of one of the measurement of grid G).
- transfer functions are subject to a spatial interpolation at 21, then a temporal interpolation at 22, and the resulting values are convoluted in 23 with the signal 24 to be spatialized.
- functions 21 and 23 are performed by the same interpolator (interpolator 7 in Figure 1), and the convolutions are performed by the binaural processor 8 corresponding to the spatialized channel.
- a digital-analog conversion is carried out, in 25, and sound reproduction (amplification and sending to headphones stereophonic) at 26.
- operations 20 to 23 and 25, 26 are do separately for the left track and for the right track.
- the "personalized" convolution filters forming the basis of previously mentioned data are established from measurements making use of a method described below with reference to FIG. 4.
- a tool is installed in an anechoic chamber automated mechanical 27 consisting of a semi-circular rail 28 mounted on a motorized pivot 29 fixed to the floor of this chamber.
- Rail 28 is arranged vertically, so that its ends are on the same perpendicular.
- a support 30 moves on which is mounted a broadband speaker 31.
- This device allows to place the speaker at any point on the sphere defined by the rail when it rotates 360 degrees around a passing vertical axis by pivot 29.
- the positioning accuracy of the loudspeaker is one degree in site and deposit, for example.
- loudspeaker 31 is successively placed in X points of the sphere, that is to say that the space is "discretized”: it is a spatial sampling.
- a pseudo-random code is generated and returned by the loudspeaker 31.
- the sound signal emitted is picked up by a pair of microphones reference placed at the center 32 of the sphere (the distance separating the microphones is about the width of the head of the subject you want collect the transfer functions), in order to measure the sound pressure resulting as a function of frequency.
- the method is the same but this time the subject is placed so that his ears are located at the location of the microphones (the subject controls the position of his head by video return).
- the subject is provided with earplugs individual shutters in which microphones are placed thumbnails.
- the complete sealing of the duct has the advantages following: the ear is acoustically protected, and the stapedian reflex (nonexistent in this case) does not modify the acoustic impedance of all.
- the database transfer functions can consist of either pairs of responses in frequency (convolution by multiplication in the frequency domain) either pairs of impulse responses (temporal convolution classical), inverse Fourier transforms of the previous ones.
- acoustic sources emitting binary signals pseudorandom tends to generalize in the technique of measuring impulse response, especially with regard to the characterization of a acoustic room by the correlation method.
- the impulse response is obtained over the duration (2n-1) / fe where N is the order of the sequence and where fe is the sampling frequency. he it is up to the experimenter to choose a couple of values (order of the sequence, fe) sufficient in order to have all the useful decrease of the response.
- the sound spatialization device described above allows to increase the intelligibility of the sound sources it processes, to decrease the operator reaction time to alarm and alert signals or other sound indicators, the sources of which appear to be located respectively at different points in space, therefore easier to discriminate between them and easier to rank in order of importance or emergency.
Description
- la figure 1 est un bloc-diagramme d'un système de spatialisation sonore,
- la figure 2 est un schéma explicatif de l'interpolation spatiale réalisée suivant le procédé de l'invention
- la figure 3 est un bloc-diagramme fonctionnel des principaux circuits de spatialisation, et
- la figure 4 est une vue simplifiée de l'appareillage de recueil des fonctions de transfert de tête conformément au procédé de l'invention.
- J.K.Holmes : "Coherent spread spectrum systems". Wiky Interscience
- J. Borish and J. B. Angell : "An efficient algorithm for measuring the impulse response using pseudorandom noise" J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 31, n° 7, July/August 1983.
- L. Otshudi, J.P. Quilhot : "Considérations sur les propriétés énergétiques des signaux binaires pseudo-aléatoires et sur leur utilisation comme excitateurs acoustiques". Acustica Vol. 90, pp 76-81, 1990.
- génération d'un signal de référence et enregistrement concomitant des deux voies microphoniques,
- calcul de la réponse impulsionnelle du trajet acoustique, (diffraction)
- calcul de certains critères (gain de chaque voie, ordre du moyennage, niveau numérique de sortie, indicateur de stockage, mesure du retard binaural des 2 voies par corrélation, décalage pour simuler les retards géométriques, ...)
- visualisation des résultats, échogrammes, courbe de décroissance, sortie sur imprimante.
Claims (5)
- Procédé de personnalisation d'un système de spatialisation sonore, par estimation des fonctions de transfert de tête de l'utilisateur caractérisé par le fait que l'on mesure ces fonctions en un nombre fini de points de l'espace l'environnant, en deux séries de relevés, la première consistant à effectuer un échantillonnage spatial en plaçant une source sonore en différents points d'une sphère au centre de laquelle on dispose une paire de microphones dont la distance mutuelle est de l'ordre de la largeur de la tête du sujet dont on désire recueillir les fonctions de transfert de tête, la seconde série de relevés étant effectuée avec le sujet placé de telle sorte que ses oreilles soient situées à l'emplacement des microphones, le sujet étant muni de bouchons d'oreilles obturateurs individualisés dans lesquels sont placés des microphones miniatures, puis par interpolation des valeurs ainsi mesurées à calculer les fonctions de transfert de tête, pour chacune des deux oreilles de l'utilisateur, au point de l'espace où se trouve la source sonore, et à créer un signal spatialisé à partir du signal monophonique à traiter en le convoluant avec chacune des deux fonctions de transfert ainsi estimées.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'interpolation comporte une phase d'interpolation spatiale et une phase d'interpolation temporelle.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la source sonore émet un signal binaire pseudo-aléatoire.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'on estime les fonctions de transfert de tête en environ 100 points.
- Système de personnalisation d'un système de spatialisation de sources sonores produisant chacune des canaux monophoniques, comportant, pour chaque canal monophonique à spatialiser, un processeur binaural (8) à deux voies de filtres de convolution combinés linéairement dans chaque voie, ce (s) processeur (s) étant relié (s) à un dispositif orienteur (13) de calcul de localisation spatiale des sources sonores, lui-même relié à au moins un dispositif de localisation (3, 4, 12) caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte un outillage de mesure de fonction de transfert de tête installé dans une chambre anéchoïque comprenant un rail semi-circulaire (28) monté sur un pivot motorisé, sur lequel se déplace un haut-parleur (31) relié à une source sonore, une paire de microphones étant placée au centre (32) de la sphère décrite par le rail, la distance séparant les microphones étant de l'ordre de la largeur de la tête de l'utilisateur du système.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR9601740A FR2744871B1 (fr) | 1996-02-13 | 1996-02-13 | Systeme de spatialisation sonore, et procede de personnalisation pour sa mise en oeuvre |
FR9601740 | 1996-02-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0790753A1 EP0790753A1 (fr) | 1997-08-20 |
EP0790753B1 true EP0790753B1 (fr) | 2004-01-28 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP97400248A Expired - Lifetime EP0790753B1 (fr) | 1996-02-13 | 1997-02-05 | Système de spatialisation sonore, et procédé pour sa mise en oeuvre |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5987142A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0790753B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH1042399A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2197166C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69727328T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2744871B1 (fr) |
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US5438623A (en) * | 1993-10-04 | 1995-08-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Multi-channel spatialization system for audio signals |
US5659619A (en) * | 1994-05-11 | 1997-08-19 | Aureal Semiconductor, Inc. | Three-dimensional virtual audio display employing reduced complexity imaging filters |
-
1996
- 1996-02-13 FR FR9601740A patent/FR2744871B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-02-05 DE DE69727328T patent/DE69727328T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-05 EP EP97400248A patent/EP0790753B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-10 CA CA002197166A patent/CA2197166C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-11 US US08/797,212 patent/US5987142A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-13 JP JP9029372A patent/JPH1042399A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5987142A (en) | 1999-11-16 |
CA2197166A1 (fr) | 1997-08-14 |
FR2744871B1 (fr) | 1998-03-06 |
DE69727328T2 (de) | 2004-10-21 |
FR2744871A1 (fr) | 1997-08-14 |
DE69727328D1 (de) | 2004-03-04 |
CA2197166C (fr) | 2005-08-16 |
JPH1042399A (ja) | 1998-02-13 |
EP0790753A1 (fr) | 1997-08-20 |
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