EP0881338A2 - Flame retardant shingle - Google Patents

Flame retardant shingle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0881338A2
EP0881338A2 EP98109718A EP98109718A EP0881338A2 EP 0881338 A2 EP0881338 A2 EP 0881338A2 EP 98109718 A EP98109718 A EP 98109718A EP 98109718 A EP98109718 A EP 98109718A EP 0881338 A2 EP0881338 A2 EP 0881338A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shingle
flame retardant
shingle according
textile fabric
binder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98109718A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0881338A3 (en
EP0881338B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Dr. Heidel
Bertrand Claude Weiter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johns Manville
Original Assignee
Hoechst Trevira GmbH and Co KG
Johns Manville International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hoechst Trevira GmbH and Co KG, Johns Manville International Inc filed Critical Hoechst Trevira GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0881338A2 publication Critical patent/EP0881338A2/en
Publication of EP0881338A3 publication Critical patent/EP0881338A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0881338B1 publication Critical patent/EP0881338B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N5/00—Roofing materials comprising a fibrous web coated with bitumen or another polymer, e.g. pitch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/12—Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface
    • E04D1/22—Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of specified materials not covered by any one of groups E04D1/14 - E04D1/205, or of combinations of materials, where at least one is not covered by any one of groups E04D1/14 - E04D1/205
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24364—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.] with transparent or protective coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24372—Particulate matter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24372—Particulate matter
    • Y10T428/24421—Silicon containing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24372—Particulate matter
    • Y10T428/24421—Silicon containing
    • Y10T428/2443—Sand, clay, or crushed rock or slate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flame-retardant shingle, as well as manufactured therefrom Roofs and roof areas.
  • Flame retardant shingles have to meet a wide range of requirements. This is achieved by a multi-layer structure of the shingle.
  • Known, flame-retardant shingles which essentially meet the requirements, have a laminate-like structure consisting of several discrete special bitumen and glass fiber fleece layers.
  • flame-retardant shingles are known, which only contain a heavy glass fleece insert, so that the multilayer structure described above is simplified.
  • the aforementioned heavy glass fleece inserts usually have a basis weight of at least 100 g / m 2 .
  • the above-described laminate-like structure or the heavy glass fleece insert give the shingle sufficient mechanical stability on the one hand and high resistance to flying sparks and radiant heat on the other hand.
  • the flame retardant shingles must be one have high dimensional stability, so that even after a long period of have no deformations in accordance with the intended use, which Roof leaks would result.
  • the flame retardant shingles known to date either show one laminate-like structure made of discrete special bitumen and glass fiber fleece layers, which can only be realized with relatively great effort, or they contain heavy glass fleece inlay, which are relatively expensive.
  • Another disadvantage is that the bitumen adherence Glass fiber fleece is problematic. Furthermore, due to the different physical properties of the individual layers do not delaminate is to be excluded. In addition to the disadvantages described above, it is desirable that the shingles have a high nail pull-out strength because the shingle is usually attached to the roof structure by nails.
  • the task to provide further - easy-to-implement - flame-retardant shingles which on the one hand meet the fire protection requirements of the fire protection standard DIN 4102, part 7 and the fire protection standard Nordtest Method No. 6 "are sufficient and, on the other hand, have sufficient nail pull-out strength.
  • the shingle according to the invention should have high resistance to delamination and improved bitumen adhesion. For economic reasons, another requirement is to dispense with a relatively expensive glass fiber fleece insert.
  • the present invention relates to a flame retardant shingle containing at least one textile fabric bituminized on both sides the surface of which is powdery or flaky at least on one side Flame retardant is applied.
  • textile fabric is used in the context of this description to understand the broadest meaning. It can be made up of all structures natural or synthetic fibers, especially synthetic ones Polymers, which are manufactured using a surface-forming technique are. Examples of such structures are woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and preferably Scrims, knitted fabrics and fleeces.
  • textile fabric is built up by synthetic staple fibers, so they consist of the same material as those described below Spunbonded.
  • spunbonded fabrics which are produced by randomly depositing freshly melt-spun filaments are preferred. They consist of continuous synthetic fibers made of melt-spinnable polymer materials.
  • Suitable polymer materials are, for example, polyamides, such as polyhexamethylene diadipamide, poly-caprolactam, aromatic or partially aromatic polyamides (“aramids”), partially aromatic or fully aromatic polyesters, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polymers with ether and keto groups, such as polyether ketones (PEK ) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK), or polybenzimidazoles.
  • the spunbonded fabrics preferably consist of melt-spinnable polyesters.
  • polyester material known types into consideration.
  • Such polyesters mainly consist of Building blocks that differ from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and from aliphatic Derive diols.
  • Common aromatic dicarboxylic acid building blocks are the divalent residues of benzenedicarboxylic acids, especially terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid;
  • Common diols have 2 to 4 carbon atoms, whereby the Ethylene glycol is particularly suitable.
  • the invention is particularly advantageous Composites whose nonwovens are made of a polyester material that at least 85 mol% consists of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • dicarboxylic acid units and glycol units which as So-called modifiers act and allow the skilled person to targeted physical and chemical properties of the filaments produced to influence.
  • dicarboxylic acid units are residues of Isophthalic acid or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid such as e.g. Glutaric acid, Adipic acid, sebacic acid;
  • modifying diol residues are those of longer chain diols, e.g. of propanediol or butanediol, of di- or Triethylene glycol or, if present in small quantities, of polyglycol a molecular weight of approx. 500 to 2000.
  • Polyesters are described, for example, in DE-A-3,940,713 and commercially under the name ®TREVIRA CS or ®TREVIRA FR (Hoechst AG) available. With regard to their flame retardant modification, the Polyester no limitation.
  • Polyesters are particularly preferred which contain at least 95 mol% Contain polyethylene terephthalate, especially those from unmodified Polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the polyesters contained in the nonwovens usually have a molecular weight corresponding to an intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.5 to 1.4 (dl / g), measured on Solutions in dichloroacetic acid at 25 ° C.
  • IV intrinsic viscosity
  • the textile fabrics made of fibers made of synthetic polymers for producing the carrier insert according to the invention have weights per unit area of 20 to 2000 g / m 2 , preferably 50 to 400 g / m 2 .
  • the nonwovens are mechanically, for example, by Needling or thermal by calendering at elevated temperature and pressure and / or chemically, for example, by melt binders, preferably in fiber form be introduced, solidified.
  • the textile fabric can made of synthetic polymer fibers also a melt binder Be a nonwoven that contains carrier and binding fibers.
  • the carrier and Binding fibers can differ from any thermoplastic thread-forming Derive polymers according to the user's requirements.
  • the proportion of the two types of fibers to one another can be selected within wide limits, care must be taken that the proportion of binding fibers is chosen to be so high that the nonwoven by gluing the carrier fibers with the binding fibers one for the desired application receives sufficient strength.
  • the share of the from the Binder-derived binder in the nonwoven is usually less than 50 wt .-%, based on the weight of the nonwoven fabric.
  • Modified polyesters come in particular with a compared to the nonwoven raw material by up to 50 ° C, preferably 10 to 50 ° C, in particular 30 to 50 ° C lowered melting point into consideration.
  • a such binders are polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate or through Condensing longer chain diols and / or isophthalic acid or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids modified polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the melt binders are preferably introduced into the nonwovens in fiber form, especially in such a way that at least one - usually the one with the flame and / or fire protection materials - surface almost consists entirely of binding fibers, as described in EP-A-0530769.
  • the individual fiber titers of the carrier and binding fibers are usually 1 to 16 dtex., Preferably 2 to 6 dtex.
  • the nonwovens can be mechanically Solidification by needling and / or by means of fluid jets, if necessary With the help of a chemical binder, for example based on a polyacrylate be solidified.
  • the filaments or staple fibers that make up the nonwovens can be one have practically round cross-section or have other shapes, such as dumbbell, kidney-shaped, triangular, tri or multilobal cross-sections.
  • There are hollow fibers can also be used.
  • the binding fiber can also be in the form of bi- or Use multi-component fibers, it must be ensured that the Binder is available for solidification.
  • Bicomponent fibers means that the sheath component essentially is built up from the melt binder.
  • the filaments forming the spunbonded nonwoven can be modified by conventional additives be, for example by antistatic agents such as carbon black and / or water repellents.
  • the shingle according to the invention advantageously contains at least one spunbonded nonwoven of the type described above as a textile fabric. Such Shingle shows high nail pull-out resistance.
  • the shingle according to the invention also contain several textile fabrics.
  • the graphite compounds mentioned above are in particular around graphite salts, i.e. to compounds from graphite and mineral acids, such as Nitric acid or sulfuric acid.
  • the flame retardant materials used according to the invention can in addition to the above-mentioned compound still further additives, for example Aluminum hydroxides included.
  • By selecting the addition and selecting the Surcharge amount can target the properties of the flame retardant to be influenced.
  • the flame or fire protection material is preferably applied to the textile fabric at least on one side in an amount of 10 to 120 g / m 2 , particularly preferably in an amount of 20 to 80 g / m 2 .
  • the flame retardant is a medium one Has particle size of 150 to 650 microns (D 50% value), as a result particularly uniform distribution can be achieved.
  • the flame retardant is fixed on the textile fabric by a binder.
  • a binder This can be a chemical binder and / or melt binder or resin.
  • Suitable binders are, for example, solutions containing polyvinyl alcohol, solutions of starch, cellulose or their derivatives.
  • Polymeric binders are, for example, rubber, latex, polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polystyrene butadienes, copolymers based on polyvinyl acetate, acrylate / styrene, ethylene / vinyl acetate and halogen-containing polymers.
  • Suitable melt binders are hot melt adhesives based on polyamide, polyester or polyurethane, their copolymers and mixtures thereof.
  • melt binders polybutylene terephthalate and modified polyethylene terephthalates are particularly suitable - using aliphatic dicarboxylic acids or isophthalic acid. Fusible melamine-formaldehyde precondensates which can condense to thermosets are suitable as resins.
  • the polymeric binders as well as the hot melt adhesive can be in the form of discrete ones Particles, powders, granules, staple fibers, continuous fibers, film or as textiles Flat structures, as well as applied as a melt.
  • the hot melt adhesive or the polymeric binder is a Has adhesive temperature that is at least below the softening temperature supporting fibers of the textile fabric. If the textile Fabric made of synthetic polymer fibers melt-bond-bonded nonwoven, the softening temperatures of the meltable polymers and the binding fibers of the melt-bond-consolidated Nonwoven also be almost the same or even overlap.
  • the textile fabric contains a proportion of fibers, which as Melt binder can function, so it is of particular advantage if these like are described in detail in EP-A-0,530,769.
  • These adhesive fibers can also be present as bicomponent or heterofil fiber.
  • the flame retardant can also be incorporated into the bitumen be applied together with this.
  • this has the disadvantage that only a small amount of the flame retardant can become active and therefore the Flame retardant consumption is much higher.
  • this variant offers especially with cheap flame retardants, a process engineering Advantage, since one process step can be omitted.
  • the flame retardant in an amount of up to 20%, in particular 5 to 10%, based on the weight of the finished shingle, is introduced.
  • the flame retardant together with the optionally liquefied binder applied in the form of a dispersion or suspension will.
  • the amount of binder required to fix the flame retardant essentially depends on the type of binder. If the binder is a meltable polymeric binder, it is applied to the textile fabric at least on one side in an amount of 5 to 120 g / m 2 , particularly preferably in an amount of 10 to 40 g / m 2 .
  • the flame-retardant shingle according to the invention can also contain reinforcing layers. These can further increase the dimensional stability of the finished shingle.
  • Another function of the reinforcing layer can be that the textile fabric from which the shingle according to the invention essentially consists, is stabilized during bituminization.
  • These reinforcing layers are individual threads arranged essentially in parallel, the thread density being between 0.1 and 10 threads per cm, or woven, knitted, laid, knitted and nonwoven, in particular woven and laid, made of high-performance filaments, for example made of glass, carbon, aromatic amides (aramids) and polyester, preferably glass.
  • the reinforcing layers are preferably arranged in the form of a fabric or scrim, the thread density being between 0.1 and 10 threads per cm.
  • bitumen all are for production bitumen and polymer bitumen suitable for roofing membranes.
  • the shingle according to the invention can also have a covering layer an abrasion-resistant granular material, for example granulate or sand, exhibit.
  • the receive shingles By punching out a web produced in this way, the receive shingles according to the invention.
  • the shape of the shingles is not subject to any Restriction, however, will be classic shapes such as beaver tail shingles preferred for aesthetic reasons.
  • the punched shingle can be used as a single Shingles or shingles are available. In the latter case it is due to the selection of the punching tool by a strip of several shingles next to each other that are still connected.
  • Such shingle shapes are, for example, in product data sheets for ICOPAL shingles or ICOPAL shingles exclusive (Icopal-Siplast GmbH, Germany) described in detail.
  • the shingle according to the invention can contain one or more textile fabrics, at least one textile fabric having to have a flame-retardant finish in order to ensure the required flame retardancy.
  • a flame-retardant textile fabric may already be sufficient to obtain a shingle that meets the requirements after bituminizing and optionally sprinkling with sand and / or granulate.
  • the basis weight of the unfinished textile surface should be at least 100 g / m 2 .
  • several lighter textile surfaces can be dispensed with, so that the overall result is a more resilient shingle.
  • This particular embodiment of the invention consists of a laminate Structure, i.e. if the shingle consists of several textiles bituminized on both sides Fabric is built, both equipped with flame retardants and can also contain unfinished textile fabrics.
  • This sandwich-like structure is particularly preferred if a particularly high one Nail tear resistance and mechanical stability is required.
  • another Embodiment can additionally contain a reinforcing layer.
  • the flame-retardant shingle according to the invention has a thickness between 1 and 50 mm, in particular 2 and 10 mm.
  • the weight per unit area of the bituminized shingle according to the invention is between 1 and 40 kg / m 2 , in particular between 2 and 8 kg / m 2 .
  • the flame retardant shingle according to the invention can be used to manufacture Use roofs and roof surfaces.
  • the shingle according to the invention is flame retardant and satisfies the Fire protection requirements of the fire protection standard according to DIN 4102, part 7 and the Nordtest Method No. 6.
  • Improved processability of the flame-retardant shingle is achieved in a manner known per se if a part which corresponds to a seam or joint area of the finished shingle is left free of flame retardant material, since a connection can be created here without the risk of activation of the flame or fire protection material. Furthermore, the processability can be improved if a fusible protective film is attached to the underside of the finished shingle. This prevents the shingles from sticking together during storage and transport and can be removed with a flame if necessary. This is particularly necessary along all joints and connections, since a shingle adhesive is usually applied here.
  • the shingles are laid with those familiar to the expert Laying techniques and is not subject to any restrictions.
  • a preferred form of forming the textile surface according to measure a) is spunbond formation. If necessary, pre-consolidation of the formed textile surface can follow the formation of the textile surface.
  • measures b) and c) are possible perform together.
  • the powdered flame retardant also applied by several chaff chairs arranged one behind the other the sequence of the application is not subject to any restrictions.
  • Bituminizing according to measure e takes place by saturating the material web with Bitumen, for example by soaking (bitumen bath) or on both sides Coating. Such bituminization processes are used in the production of roofing membranes known.
  • bituminized web with a decorative top layer for example fine-grained sand or an optionally colored granulate be sprinkled.
  • Sprinkling is conveniently done shortly after Bituminization on the still soft bitumen layer.
  • a meltable Protective film is attached, which can be easily removed if necessary.
  • the web is then assembled, i.e. by punching out, sawing out or other suitable measures are the shingles according to the invention receive.
  • the flame retardant shingle obtained can be used directly as a covering for Roof areas are used. Those using the invention Roofs made of shingles or roof surfaces are also the subject of present invention.

Abstract

- Hardly flammable shingle contains a textile web, which is bituminised on both sides and has flame retardant powder or flakes applied to its surface(s). Also claimed is a roof containing these shingles.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine schwerentflammbare Schindel, sowie daraus hergestellte Dächer und Dachflächen.The invention relates to a flame-retardant shingle, as well as manufactured therefrom Roofs and roof areas.

Schwerentflammbare Schindeln müssen vielfältigen Anforderungen genügen. Dies wird durch einen mehrschichtigen Aufbau der Schindel erreicht. Bekannte, schwerentflammbare Schindeln, die den Anforderungen im wesentlichen genügen, haben einen laminatartigen Aufbau aus mehreren diskreten Spezialbitumen- und Glasfaservliesschichten. Darüber hinaus sind auch schwerentflammbare Schindeln bekannt, die nur eine Schwer-Glasvlies-Einlage enthalten, so daß der vorstehend beschriebene mehrschichtige Aufbau vereinfacht wird. Die vorstehend genannten Schwer-Glasvlieseinlagen haben üblicherweise ein Flächengewicht von mindestens 100 g/m2. Der vorstehend beschriebene laminatartige Aufbau oder die Schwer-Glasvlieseinlage geben der Schindel einerseits eine ausreichende mechanische Stabilität und andererseits eine hohe Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Flugfeuer und strahlende Wärme.Flame retardant shingles have to meet a wide range of requirements. This is achieved by a multi-layer structure of the shingle. Known, flame-retardant shingles, which essentially meet the requirements, have a laminate-like structure consisting of several discrete special bitumen and glass fiber fleece layers. In addition, flame-retardant shingles are known, which only contain a heavy glass fleece insert, so that the multilayer structure described above is simplified. The aforementioned heavy glass fleece inserts usually have a basis weight of at least 100 g / m 2 . The above-described laminate-like structure or the heavy glass fleece insert give the shingle sufficient mechanical stability on the one hand and high resistance to flying sparks and radiant heat on the other hand.

Neben diesen Eigenschaffen müssen die schwerentflammbaren Schindeln eine hohe Formstabilität besitzen, so daß sie auch nach längerem, anwendungsgemäßem Gebrauch keine Verformungen aufweisen, die in Dachundichtigkeiten resultieren würden.In addition to these properties, the flame retardant shingles must be one have high dimensional stability, so that even after a long period of have no deformations in accordance with the intended use, which Roof leaks would result.

Die bisher bekannten schwerentflammbaren Schindeln zeigen entweder einen laminatartigen Aufbau aus diskreten Spezialbitumen- und Glasfaservliesschichten, der nur relativ aufwendig realisierbar ist, oder aber sie enthalten Schwer-Glasvlies-Einlage, die relativ teuer sind. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist, daß die Bitumenhaftung auf Glasfaservliesen problematisch ist. Weiterhin ist aufgrund der unterschiedlichen physikalischen Eigenschaften der einzelnen Schichten eine Delaminierung nicht auszuschließen ist. Zusätzlich zu den vorstehend beschriebenen Nachteilen ist es wünschenswert, daß die Schindeln eine hohe Nagelausreißfestigkeit aufweisen, da die Schindel üblicherweise durch Nägel auf der Dachkonstruktion befestigt werden.The flame retardant shingles known to date either show one laminate-like structure made of discrete special bitumen and glass fiber fleece layers, which can only be realized with relatively great effort, or they contain heavy glass fleece inlay, which are relatively expensive. Another disadvantage is that the bitumen adherence Glass fiber fleece is problematic. Furthermore, due to the different physical properties of the individual layers do not delaminate is to be excluded. In addition to the disadvantages described above, it is desirable that the shingles have a high nail pull-out strength because the shingle is usually attached to the roof structure by nails.

Es bestand daher die Aufgabe, weitere - einfach zu realisierende - schwerentflammbare Schindeln bereitzustellen, die einerseits den brandschutztechnischen Anforderungen der Brandschutznorm DIN 4102, Teil 7 sowie der Brandschutznorm

Figure 00020001
Nordtest Methode Nr. 6" genügen und andererseits eine ausreichende Nagelausreißfestigkeit besitzen. Weiterhin soll die erfindungsgemäße Schindel eine hohe Delaminierungsbeständigkeit und eine verbesserte Bitumenhaftung aufweisen. Eine weitere Forderung ist - aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen - auf eine relativ teure Glasfaservlies-Einlage zu verzichten.It was therefore the task to provide further - easy-to-implement - flame-retardant shingles which on the one hand meet the fire protection requirements of the fire protection standard DIN 4102, part 7 and the fire protection standard
Figure 00020001
Nordtest Method No. 6 "are sufficient and, on the other hand, have sufficient nail pull-out strength. Furthermore, the shingle according to the invention should have high resistance to delamination and improved bitumen adhesion. For economic reasons, another requirement is to dispense with a relatively expensive glass fiber fleece insert.

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine schwerentflammbare Schindel enthaltend mindestens ein beidseitig bituminiertes textiles Flächengebilde auf dessen Oberfläche zumindest einseitig ein pulver- oder flockenförmiges Flammschutzmittel aufgebracht ist.The present invention relates to a flame retardant shingle containing at least one textile fabric bituminized on both sides the surface of which is powdery or flaky at least on one side Flame retardant is applied.

Der Begriff "textiles Flächengebilde" ist im Rahmen dieser Beschreibung in seiner breitesten Bedeutung zu verstehen. Dabei kann es sich um alle Gebilde aus natürlichen oder synthetischen Fasern, insbesondere aus synthetisierten Polymeren, handeln, die nach einer flächenbildenden Technik hergestellt worden sind. Beispiele für solche Gebilde sind Gewebe, Gestricke und vorzugsweise Gelege, Gewirke und Vliese.The term "textile fabric" is used in the context of this description to understand the broadest meaning. It can be made up of all structures natural or synthetic fibers, especially synthetic ones Polymers, which are manufactured using a surface-forming technique are. Examples of such structures are woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and preferably Scrims, knitted fabrics and fleeces.

Als natürliche Fasern werden insbesondere Woll-, Baumwoll-, Flachs-, Sisal-, Kokos-, und/oder Zellulosefasern verstanden.In particular, wool, cotton, flax, sisal, Understand coconut and / or cellulose fibers.

Als Fasern werden sowohl Fasern endlicher Länge, sogenannte Stapelfasern, als auch endlose Fasern, sogenannte Filamente, verstanden.Both fibers of finite length, so-called staple fibers, are considered as fibers also endless fibers, so-called filaments, understood.

Wird das textile Flächengebilde durch synthetische Stapelfasern aufgebaut, so bestehen diese aus dem gleichen Material wie die nachfolgend beschriebenen Spinnvliese. If the textile fabric is built up by synthetic staple fibers, so they consist of the same material as those described below Spunbonded.

Von den Vliesen aus Fasern aus synthetischen Polymeren sind Spinnvliese, sogenannte Spunbonds, die durch eine Wirrablage frisch schmelzgesponnener Filamente erzeugt werden, bevorzugt.
Sie bestehen aus Endlos-Synthesefasern aus schmelzspinnbaren Polymermatierialien. Geeignete Polymermaterialien sind beispielsweise Polyamide, wie z.B. Polyhexamethylen-diadipamid, Poly-caprolactam, aromatische oder teilaromatische Polyamide ("Aramide"), teilaromatische oder vollaromatische Polyester, Polyphenylensulfid (PPS), Polymere mit Ether- und Keto-gruppen, wie z.B. Polyetherketone (PEK) und Polyetheretherketon (PEEK), oder Polybenzimidazole.Of the nonwovens made of fibers from synthetic polymers, spunbonded fabrics, so-called spunbonds, which are produced by randomly depositing freshly melt-spun filaments are preferred.
They consist of continuous synthetic fibers made of melt-spinnable polymer materials. Suitable polymer materials are, for example, polyamides, such as polyhexamethylene diadipamide, poly-caprolactam, aromatic or partially aromatic polyamides (“aramids”), partially aromatic or fully aromatic polyesters, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polymers with ether and keto groups, such as polyether ketones (PEK ) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK), or polybenzimidazoles.

Bevorzugt bestehen die Spinnvliese aus schmelzspinnbaren Polyestern. Als Polyestermaterial kommen im Prinzip alle zur Faserherstellung geeigneten bekannten Typen in Betracht. Derartige Polyester bestehen überwiegend aus Bausteinen, die sich von aromatischen Dicarbonsäuren und von aliphatischen Diolen ableiten. Gängige aromatische Dicarbonsäurebausteine sind die zweiwertigen Reste von Benzoldicarbonsäuren, insbesondere der Terephthalsäure und der Isophthalsäure; gängige Diole haben 2 bis 4 C-Atome, wobei das Ethylenglycol besonders geeignet ist. Besonders vorteilhaft sind erfindungsgemäße Verbundstoffe, deren Vliese aus einem Polyestermaterial bestehen, das zu mindestens 85 mol% aus Polyethylenterephthalat besteht. Die restlichen 15 mol% bauen sich dann aus Dicarbonsäureeinheiten und Glycoleinheiten auf, die als sogenannte Modifizierungsmittel wirken und die es dem Fachmann gestatten, die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der hergestellten Filamente gezielt zu beeinflussen. Beispiele für solche Dicarbonsäureeinheiten sind Reste der Isophthalsäure oder von aliphatischen Dicarbonsäure wie z.B. Glutarsäure, Adipinsäure, Sebazinsäure; Beispiele für modifizierend wirkende Diolreste sind solche von längerkettigen Diolen, z.B. von Propandiol oder Butandiol, von Di- oder Triethylenglycol oder, sofern in geringer Menge vorhanden, von Polyglycol mit einem Molgewicht von ca. 500 bis 2000.The spunbonded fabrics preferably consist of melt-spinnable polyesters. In principle, all suitable materials for fiber production come as polyester material known types into consideration. Such polyesters mainly consist of Building blocks that differ from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and from aliphatic Derive diols. Common aromatic dicarboxylic acid building blocks are the divalent residues of benzenedicarboxylic acids, especially terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid; Common diols have 2 to 4 carbon atoms, whereby the Ethylene glycol is particularly suitable. The invention is particularly advantageous Composites whose nonwovens are made of a polyester material that at least 85 mol% consists of polyethylene terephthalate. The remaining 15 mol% then build up from dicarboxylic acid units and glycol units, which as So-called modifiers act and allow the skilled person to targeted physical and chemical properties of the filaments produced to influence. Examples of such dicarboxylic acid units are residues of Isophthalic acid or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid such as e.g. Glutaric acid, Adipic acid, sebacic acid; Examples of modifying diol residues are those of longer chain diols, e.g. of propanediol or butanediol, of di- or Triethylene glycol or, if present in small quantities, of polyglycol a molecular weight of approx. 500 to 2000.

Darüber hinaus können auch flammhemmend modifizierte Polyester verwendet werden. Derartige Polyester sind beispielsweise in der DE-A-3,940,713 beschrieben und im Handel unter der Bezeichnung ®TREVIRA CS oder ®TREVIRA FR (Hoechst AG) erhältlich. Hinsichtlich ihrer flammhemmenden Modifizierung unterliegen die Polyester keiner Einschränkung.Flame retardant modified polyester can also be used will. Such polyesters are described, for example, in DE-A-3,940,713 and commercially under the name ®TREVIRA CS or ®TREVIRA FR (Hoechst AG) available. With regard to their flame retardant modification, the Polyester no limitation.

Besonders bevorzugt sind Polyester, die mindestens 95 mol% Polyethylenterephthalat enthalten, insbesondere solche aus unmodifiziertem Polyethylenterephthalat.Polyesters are particularly preferred which contain at least 95 mol% Contain polyethylene terephthalate, especially those from unmodified Polyethylene terephthalate.

Die in den Vliesen enthaltenen Polyester haben üblicherweise ein Molekulargewicht entsprechend einer intrinsischen Viskosität (IV) von 0,5 bis 1,4 (dl/g), gemessen an Lösungen in Dichloressigsäure bei 25°C.The polyesters contained in the nonwovens usually have a molecular weight corresponding to an intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.5 to 1.4 (dl / g), measured on Solutions in dichloroacetic acid at 25 ° C.

Die textilen Flächengebilde aus Fasern aus synthetischen Polymeren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Trägereinlage weisen Flächengewichte von 20 bis 2000 g/m2 auf, vorzugsweise 50 bis 400 g/m2.The textile fabrics made of fibers made of synthetic polymers for producing the carrier insert according to the invention have weights per unit area of 20 to 2000 g / m 2 , preferably 50 to 400 g / m 2 .

Die Vliese werden nach ihrer Herstellung mechanisch beispielsweise durch Vernadeln oder thermisch durch Kalandrieren bei erhöhter Temperatur und Druck und/oder chemisch beispielsweise durch Schmelzbinder, die bevorzugt in Faserform eingebracht werden, verfestigt.After their manufacture, the nonwovens are mechanically, for example, by Needling or thermal by calendering at elevated temperature and pressure and / or chemically, for example, by melt binders, preferably in fiber form be introduced, solidified.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann das textile Flächengebilde aus Fasern aus synthetischen Polymeren auch ein schmelzbindervertestigter Vliesstoff sein, welcher Träger- und Bindefasern enthält. Die Träger- und Bindefasern können sich von beliebigen thermoplastischen fadenbildenden Polymeren ableiten entsprechend dem Anforderungsprofil des Anwenders. Der Anteil der beiden Faserntypen zueinander kann in weiten Grenzen gewählt werden, wobei darauf zu achten ist, daß der Anteil der Bindefasern so hoch gewählt wird, daß der Vliesstoff durch Verklebung der Trägerfasern mit den Bindefasern eine für die gewünschte Anwendung ausreichende Festigkeit erhält. Der Anteil des aus der Bindefaser stammenden Bindemittels im Vliesstoff beträgt üblicherweise weniger als 50 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht des Vliesstoffes. In a further embodiment of the invention, the textile fabric can made of synthetic polymer fibers also a melt binder Be a nonwoven that contains carrier and binding fibers. The carrier and Binding fibers can differ from any thermoplastic thread-forming Derive polymers according to the user's requirements. Of the The proportion of the two types of fibers to one another can be selected within wide limits, care must be taken that the proportion of binding fibers is chosen to be so high that the nonwoven by gluing the carrier fibers with the binding fibers one for the desired application receives sufficient strength. The share of the from the Binder-derived binder in the nonwoven is usually less than 50 wt .-%, based on the weight of the nonwoven fabric.

Als Schmelzbinder kommen insbesondere modifizierte Polyester mit einem gegenüber dem Vliesstoff-Rohstoff um bis zu 50°C, vorzugsweise 10 bis 50°C, insbesondere 30 bis 50°C abgesenkten Schmelzpunkt in Betracht. Beispiele für ein derartiges Bindemittel sind Polypropylen, Polybutylenterephthalat oder durch Einkondensieren längerkettiger Diole und/oder von Isophthalsäure oder aliphatischen Dicarbonsäuren modifiziertes Polyethylenterephthalat. Die Schmelzbinder werden vorzugsweise in Faserform in die Vliese eingebracht, insbesondere in einer solchen Weise, daß mindenstens eine - in der Regel die mit dem Flamm- und/oder Brandschutzmaterialien auszurüstende - Oberfläche nahezu vollständig aus Bindefasern besteht, wie dies die EP-A-0530769 beschreibt. Die Einzelfasertiter der Träger- und der Bindefasern betragen üblicherweise 1 bis 16 dtex., vorzugsweise 2 bis 6 dtex.Modified polyesters come in particular with a compared to the nonwoven raw material by up to 50 ° C, preferably 10 to 50 ° C, in particular 30 to 50 ° C lowered melting point into consideration. Examples of a such binders are polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate or through Condensing longer chain diols and / or isophthalic acid or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids modified polyethylene terephthalate. The melt binders are preferably introduced into the nonwovens in fiber form, especially in such a way that at least one - usually the one with the flame and / or fire protection materials - surface almost consists entirely of binding fibers, as described in EP-A-0530769. The individual fiber titers of the carrier and binding fibers are usually 1 to 16 dtex., Preferably 2 to 6 dtex.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform können die Vliese nach einer mechanischen Verfestigung durch Vernadelung und/oder mittels Fluidstrahlen gegebenenfalls mit Hilfe eines chemischen Binders beispielsweise auf Basis eines Polyacrylats endverfestigt werden.In a further embodiment, the nonwovens can be mechanically Solidification by needling and / or by means of fluid jets, if necessary With the help of a chemical binder, for example based on a polyacrylate be solidified.

Besonders bevorzugt sind auch solche textilen Flächengebilde, die eine Kombination von bevorzugten Merkmalen aufweisen.Those textile fabrics which have a Have a combination of preferred features.

Die die Vliesstoffe aufbauenden Filamente oder Stapelfasern können einen praktisch runden Querschnitt besitzen oder auch andere Formen aufweisen, wie hantel-, nierenförmige, dreieckige bzw. tri- oder multilobale Querschnitte. Es sind auch Hohlfasern einsetzbar. Ferner läßt sich die Bindefaser auch in Form von Bi- oder Mehrkomponentenfasern einsetzen, wobei sicher gestellt sein muß, daß der Binder zur Verfestigung zur Verfügung steht. Im Falle von Kern/Hülle Bikomponentenfasern bedeutet dies, das die Hüllenkomponente im wesentlichen aus dem Schmelzbinder aufgebaut wird.The filaments or staple fibers that make up the nonwovens can be one have practically round cross-section or have other shapes, such as dumbbell, kidney-shaped, triangular, tri or multilobal cross-sections. There are hollow fibers can also be used. Furthermore, the binding fiber can also be in the form of bi- or Use multi-component fibers, it must be ensured that the Binder is available for solidification. In the case of core / shell Bicomponent fibers means that the sheath component essentially is built up from the melt binder.

Die das Spinnvlies bildenden Filamente können durch übliche Zusätze modifiziert sein, beispielsweise durch Antistatika, wie Ruß und/oder Hydrophobierungsmittel. Vorteilhafterweise enthält die erfindungsgemäße Schindel zumindest ein Spinnvlies der vorstehend beschreibenen Art als textiles Flächengebilde. Eine derartige Schindel zeigt eine hohe Nagelausreißfestigkeit. Darüber hinaus kann die erfindungsgemäße Schindel auch mehrere textile Flächengebilde enthalten.The filaments forming the spunbonded nonwoven can be modified by conventional additives be, for example by antistatic agents such as carbon black and / or water repellents. The shingle according to the invention advantageously contains at least one spunbonded nonwoven of the type described above as a textile fabric. Such Shingle shows high nail pull-out resistance. In addition, the shingle according to the invention also contain several textile fabrics.

Weiterhin enthält die erfindungsgemäße Schindel ein zumindest auf einer Seite der textilen Fläche aufgebrachtes pulver- oder flockenförmiges Flammschutzmittel. Bei den verwendeten Flammschutzmaterialien handelt es sich um ansich bekannte intumeszenz und/oder gasentwickelnde Flammschutzmittel.
Derartige Flamm- bzw. Brandschutzmaterialien sind oder enthalten insbesondere:

  • (i) Graphit und/oder Graphit-Verbindungen, beispielsweise ®Sigraflex, der unter Wärmeentwicklung expandiert und/oder brandhemmende Gase freisetzt (intumeszens Effekt) und/oder
  • (ii) Phosphor-Stickstoff-Verbindungen, wie Ammoniumphosphate und -polyhosphate, die unter dem Handelsnamen ®Exolith erhältlich sind, und/oder
  • (iii) Kohlenstoffspender enthaltende Zusammensetzungen, wie beispielsweise Stärke plus Penthaerythrit, gegebenenfalls plus Phosphor-Stickstoff-Verbindung(en), wie z.B. Dicyandiamid und/oder Diammoniumphosphat.
  • (iv) roter Phosphor, der in rieselfähiger Pastillen-Form vorliegt und gegebenenfalls Phosphate und Wachse enthält. Beispiele hierfür sind Handelsprodukte wie ®Hostaflam RP 681, 682 und 683.
    • Furthermore, the shingle according to the invention contains a powder or flake-like flame retardant applied to at least one side of the textile surface. The flame retardant materials used are known intumescent and / or gas-evolving flame retardants.
    Such flame or fire protection materials are or contain in particular:
  • (i) Graphite and / or graphite compounds, for example ®Sigraflex, which expands under the development of heat and / or releases fire-retardant gases (intumescent effect) and / or
  • (ii) phosphorus-nitrogen compounds, such as ammonium phosphates and polyhosphates, which are available under the trade name ®Exolith, and / or
  • (iii) Compositions containing carbon donors, such as starch plus penthaerythritol, optionally plus phosphorus-nitrogen compound (s), such as dicyandiamide and / or diammonium phosphate.
  • (iv) red phosphorus, which is in free-flowing pastille form and optionally contains phosphates and waxes. Examples of this are commercial products such as ®Hostaflam RP 681, 682 and 683.

    • Bei den vorstehend genannten Graphit-Verbindungen handelt es sich insbesondere um Graphit-Salze, d.h. um Verbindungen aus Graphit und Mineralsäuren, wie Salpetersäure oder Schwefelsäure.The graphite compounds mentioned above are in particular around graphite salts, i.e. to compounds from graphite and mineral acids, such as Nitric acid or sulfuric acid.

    Die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Flammschutzmaterialien können neben den vorstehend genannten Verbindung noch weitere Zusätze, beispielsweise Aluminiumhydroxide, enthalten. Durch Auswahl des Zusatzes und Auswahl der Zuschlagsmenge können die Eigenschaften des Flammschutzmittels gezielt beeinflußt werden. The flame retardant materials used according to the invention can in addition to the above-mentioned compound still further additives, for example Aluminum hydroxides included. By selecting the addition and selecting the Surcharge amount can target the properties of the flame retardant to be influenced.

    Vorzugsweise wird das Flamm- oder Brandschutzmaterial in einer Menge von 10 bis 120 g/m2, besonders bevorzugt in einer Menge von 20 bis 80 g/m2, zumindest einseitig auf das textile Flächengebilde aufgebracht.The flame or fire protection material is preferably applied to the textile fabric at least on one side in an amount of 10 to 120 g / m 2 , particularly preferably in an amount of 20 to 80 g / m 2 .

    Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn das Flammschutzmittel eine mittlere Teilchengröße von 150 bis 650 µm (D 50%-Wert) aufweist, da hierdurch eine besonders gleichmäßige Verteilung erzielt werden kann.It is particularly advantageous if the flame retardant is a medium one Has particle size of 150 to 650 microns (D 50% value), as a result particularly uniform distribution can be achieved.

    Die Fixierung des Flammschutzmittels auf dem textilen Flächengebilde erfolgt durch ein Bindemittel. Dieses kann ein chemischer Binder und/oder Schmelzbinder oder Harz sein. Geeignete Bindemittel sind beispielsweise polyvinylalkoholhaltige Lösungen, Lösungen von Stärke, Zellulose oder deren Derivate.
    Polymere Bindemittel sind beispielsweise Kautschuk, Latex, Polyolefine wie Polyethylen oder Polypropylen, Polyvinylacetat, Polyurethan, Polyacrylat, Polystyrolbutadiene, Copolymerisate auf Basis von Polyvinylacetat, Acrylat/Styrol, Ethylen/Vinylacetat und halogenhaltige Polymere.
    Geeignete Schmelzbinder sind Schmelzkleber auf Basis von Polyamid, Polyester oder Polyurethan, deren Copolymere und Mischungen derselben. Von diesen Schmelzbindern sind insbesondere Polybutylenterephthalat und modifizierte Polyethylenterephthalate - unter Verwendung von aliphatischen Dicarbonsäuren oder Isophthalsäure - geeignet.
    Als Harze sind schmelzbare Melamin-Formaldehyd-Vorkondensate geeignet, die zu Duromeren kondensieren können.    The flame retardant is fixed on the textile fabric by a binder. This can be a chemical binder and / or melt binder or resin. Suitable binders are, for example, solutions containing polyvinyl alcohol, solutions of starch, cellulose or their derivatives.
    Polymeric binders are, for example, rubber, latex, polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polystyrene butadienes, copolymers based on polyvinyl acetate, acrylate / styrene, ethylene / vinyl acetate and halogen-containing polymers.
    Suitable melt binders are hot melt adhesives based on polyamide, polyester or polyurethane, their copolymers and mixtures thereof. Of these melt binders, polybutylene terephthalate and modified polyethylene terephthalates are particularly suitable - using aliphatic dicarboxylic acids or isophthalic acid.
    Fusible melamine-formaldehyde precondensates which can condense to thermosets are suitable as resins.

    Die polymeren Bindemittel sowie die Schmelzkleber können in Form diskreter Partikel, Pulvern, Granulaten, Stapelfasern, Endlosfasern, Film oder als textiles Flächengebilde, sowie als Schmelze aufgebracht werden.The polymeric binders as well as the hot melt adhesive can be in the form of discrete ones Particles, powders, granules, staple fibers, continuous fibers, film or as textiles Flat structures, as well as applied as a melt.

    Wichtig ist, daß der Schmelzkleber bzw. das polymere Bindemittel eine Klebetemperatur besitzt, die unter der Erweichungstemperatur zumindest der tragenden Fasern des textilen Flächengebildes liegt. Falls das textile Flächengebilde aus Fasern aus synthetischen Polymeren ein schmelzbinderverfestigter Vliesstoff ist, können die Erweichungstemperaturen des schmelzbaren Polymeren und der Bindefasern des schmelzbinderverfestigten Vliesstoffes auch nahezu gleich sein oder sogar überlappen.It is important that the hot melt adhesive or the polymeric binder is a Has adhesive temperature that is at least below the softening temperature supporting fibers of the textile fabric. If the textile Fabric made of synthetic polymer fibers melt-bond-bonded nonwoven, the softening temperatures of the meltable polymers and the binding fibers of the melt-bond-consolidated Nonwoven also be almost the same or even overlap.

    Wenn das textile Flächengebilde einen Anteil an Fasern enthält, die als Schmelzbinder fungieren können, so ist es von besonderem Vorteil, wenn diese wie in EP-A-0,530,769 detailiert beschrieben angeordnet sind. Diese Klebefasern können auch als Bikomponenten- oder Heterofil-Faser vorliegen.If the textile fabric contains a proportion of fibers, which as Melt binder can function, so it is of particular advantage if these like are described in detail in EP-A-0,530,769. These adhesive fibers can also be present as bicomponent or heterofil fiber.

    Darüber hinaus kann das Flammschutzmittel auch in den Bitumen eingearbeitet und mit diesem zusammen aufgebracht werden. Dies hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß nur eine geringe Menge des Flammschutzmittel aktiv werden kann und somit der Verbrauch an Flammschutzmittel ungleich höher ist. Dennoch bietet diese Variante, insbesondere bei günstigen Flammschutzmitteln, einen verfahrenstechnischen Vorteil, da ein Verfahrensschritt entfallen kann. Wesentlich ist jedoch, daß bei dieser Variante das Flammschutzmittel in einer Menge von bis zu 20 %, insbesondere 5 bis 10 %, bezogen auf das Warengewicht der fertigen Schindel, eingebracht wird.In addition, the flame retardant can also be incorporated into the bitumen be applied together with this. However, this has the disadvantage that only a small amount of the flame retardant can become active and therefore the Flame retardant consumption is much higher. Nevertheless, this variant offers especially with cheap flame retardants, a process engineering Advantage, since one process step can be omitted. However, it is essential that at this variant the flame retardant in an amount of up to 20%, in particular 5 to 10%, based on the weight of the finished shingle, is introduced.

    Weiterhin kann das Flammschutzmittel zusammen mit dem gegebenenfalls verflüssigten Bindemittel in Form einer Dispersion oder Suspension aufgebracht werden.Furthermore, the flame retardant together with the optionally liquefied binder applied in the form of a dispersion or suspension will.

    Die zur Fixierung des Flammschutzmittels erforderliche Menge des Bindemittel hängt im wesentlichen von der Art des Bindemittels ab. Falls des Bindemittel ein schmelzbares polymeres Bindemittel ist, so wird diese in einer Menge von 5 bis 120 g/m2, besonders bevorzugt in einer Menge von 10 bis 40 g/m2, zumindest einseitig auf das textile Flächengebilde aufgebracht.The amount of binder required to fix the flame retardant essentially depends on the type of binder. If the binder is a meltable polymeric binder, it is applied to the textile fabric at least on one side in an amount of 5 to 120 g / m 2 , particularly preferably in an amount of 10 to 40 g / m 2 .

    Anschließend wird das mit dem Flammschutzmaterial und dem Bindemittel beladene textile Flächengebilde mittels Wärmeeinwirkung und/oder Druck behandelt, so daß das Flammschutzmaterial auf der Oberseite des textilen Flächengebildes anhaftet. Then the one loaded with the flame retardant and the binder Textile fabrics treated by heat and / or pressure, so that the flame retardant material adheres to the top of the textile fabric.

    In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann die erfindungsgemäße schwerentflammbare Schindel noch Verstärkungsschichten enthalten. Diese können die Formstabilität der fertigen Schindel weiter erhöhen. Eine weitere Funktion der Verstärkungsschicht kann darin bestehen, daß das textile Flächengebilde aus welchem die erfindungsgemäße Schindel zum wesentlichen besteht, während der Bituminierung eine Stabilisierung erfährt. Bei diesen Verstärkungsschichten handelt es sich um einzelne im wesentlichen parallel angeordnete Fäden, wobei deren Fadendichte zwischen 0,1 und 10 Fäden pro cm liegt, oder um Gewebe, Gestricke, Gelege, Gewirke und Vliese, insbesondere um Gewebe und Gelege, aus Hochleistungsfilamenten, beispielsweise aus Glas, Kohlenstoff, aromatischen Amiden (Aramide) und Polyester, bevorzugt Glas.
    Bevorzugt werden die Verstärkungsschichten in Form eines Gewebe oder Geleges angeordnet, wobei die Fadendichte zwischen 0,1 und 10 Fäden pro cm beträgt.    In a further embodiment, the flame-retardant shingle according to the invention can also contain reinforcing layers. These can further increase the dimensional stability of the finished shingle. Another function of the reinforcing layer can be that the textile fabric from which the shingle according to the invention essentially consists, is stabilized during bituminization. These reinforcing layers are individual threads arranged essentially in parallel, the thread density being between 0.1 and 10 threads per cm, or woven, knitted, laid, knitted and nonwoven, in particular woven and laid, made of high-performance filaments, for example made of glass, carbon, aromatic amides (aramids) and polyester, preferably glass.
    The reinforcing layers are preferably arranged in the form of a fabric or scrim, the thread density being between 0.1 and 10 threads per cm.

    Das mit Flammschutzmittel ausgerüstete textile Flächegebilde wird nachfolgend in an sich bekannter Weise beiseitig bituminiert. Als Bitumen sind alle zur Herstellung von Dachbahnen geeigneten Bitumen und Polymerbitumen geeignet.The textile fabric finished with flame retardant is shown below in in a manner known per se bituminized on both sides. As bitumen, all are for production bitumen and polymer bitumen suitable for roofing membranes.

    Zusätzlich kann die erfindungsgemäße Schindel noch eine Abdeckschicht aus einem abriebfesten körnigen Material, beispielsweise Granulat oder Sand, aufweisen.In addition, the shingle according to the invention can also have a covering layer an abrasion-resistant granular material, for example granulate or sand, exhibit.

    Durch Ausstanzen aus eine derartig hergestellten Bahn werden die erfindungsgemäßen Schindeln erhalten. Die Form der Schindeln unterliegt keiner Einschränkung, jedoch werden klassische Formen wie Biberschwanz -Schindeln aus ästhetischen Gründen bevorzugt. Die ausgestanzte Schindel kann als einzelne Schindeln oder als Schindelbahn vorliegen. Im letztgenannten Fall handelt es sich bedingt durch die Auswahl des Stanzwerkzeuges um einen Streifen von mehreren nebeneinander vorliegenden Schindeln, die noch miteinander verbunden sind. Derartige Schindelformen werden beispielsweise in Produktdatenblättern für ICOPAL Schindeln bzw. ICOPAL Schindeln exclusiv (Firma Icopal-Siplast GmbH, Deutschland) detailiert beschrieben. By punching out a web produced in this way, the receive shingles according to the invention. The shape of the shingles is not subject to any Restriction, however, will be classic shapes such as beaver tail shingles preferred for aesthetic reasons. The punched shingle can be used as a single Shingles or shingles are available. In the latter case it is due to the selection of the punching tool by a strip of several shingles next to each other that are still connected. Such shingle shapes are, for example, in product data sheets for ICOPAL shingles or ICOPAL shingles exclusive (Icopal-Siplast GmbH, Germany) described in detail.

    Die erfindungsgemäße Schindel kann eine oder mehrere textile Flächengebilde enthalten, wobei mindestens ein textiles Flächengebilde eine flammhemmende Ausrüstungaufweisen muß um die geforderte Schwerentflammbarkeit zu gewährleisten. Je nach Flächengewicht der textile Fläche kann bereits ein flammhemmend ausgerüstetes textiles Flächengebilde ausreichen, um nach Bituminierung und gegebenenfalls Bestreung mit Sand und/oder Granulat eine Schindel zu erhalten, die den Anforderungen genügt. In diesem Fall sollte das Flächengewicht der unausgerüsteten textilen Fläche mindestens 100 g/m2 betragen. Im Sonderfällen, kann anstelle einer schweren textilen Flache zugunsten von mehreren leichteren textilen Flächen verzichtet werden, so daß sich insgesamt eine höher belastbare Schindel ergibt.The shingle according to the invention can contain one or more textile fabrics, at least one textile fabric having to have a flame-retardant finish in order to ensure the required flame retardancy. Depending on the weight per unit area of the textile surface, a flame-retardant textile fabric may already be sufficient to obtain a shingle that meets the requirements after bituminizing and optionally sprinkling with sand and / or granulate. In this case the basis weight of the unfinished textile surface should be at least 100 g / m 2 . In special cases, instead of a heavy textile surface, several lighter textile surfaces can be dispensed with, so that the overall result is a more resilient shingle.

    Diese besondere Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht aus einem laminatartigen Aufbau, d.h. wenn die Schindel aus mehreren beidseitig bitumierten textilen Flächengebilden aufgebaut wird, die sowohl mit Flammschutzmitteln ausgerüstete und auch unausgerüstete textile Flächengebilde enthalten kann. Dieser sandwichartige Aufbau ist besonders bevorzugt wenn eine besonders hohe Nagelausreißfestigkeit und mechanische Stabilität gefordert wird. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann diese noch zusätzlich eine Verstärkungsschicht enthalten.This particular embodiment of the invention consists of a laminate Structure, i.e. if the shingle consists of several textiles bituminized on both sides Fabric is built, both equipped with flame retardants and can also contain unfinished textile fabrics. This sandwich-like structure is particularly preferred if a particularly high one Nail tear resistance and mechanical stability is required. In another Embodiment can additionally contain a reinforcing layer.

    Die erfindungsgemäße schwerentflammbare Schindel weist eine Dicke zwischen 1 und 50 mm, insbesondere 2 und 10 mm, auf. Das Flächengewicht der erfindungsgemäßen bituminierten Schindel beträgt zwischen 1 und 40 kg/m2, insbesondere zwischen 2 und 8 kg/m2.The flame-retardant shingle according to the invention has a thickness between 1 and 50 mm, in particular 2 and 10 mm. The weight per unit area of the bituminized shingle according to the invention is between 1 and 40 kg / m 2 , in particular between 2 and 8 kg / m 2 .

    Die erfindungsgemäße schwerentflammbare Schindel läßt sich zur Herstellung von Dächern und Dachflächen verwenden.The flame retardant shingle according to the invention can be used to manufacture Use roofs and roof surfaces.

    Die erfindungsgemäße Schindel ist schwerentflammbar und genügt den Brandschutzanforderungen der Brandschutznorm nach DIN 4102, Teil 7 sowie dem Nordtest Methode Nr. 6. The shingle according to the invention is flame retardant and satisfies the Fire protection requirements of the fire protection standard according to DIN 4102, part 7 and the Nordtest Method No. 6.

    Eine verbesserte Verarbeitbarkeit der schwerentflammbaren Schindel wird in ansich bekannter Weise erzielt, wenn ein Teil, der einem Naht- oder Stoßbereich der fertigen Schindel entspricht, von Flammschutzmaterial freigelassen wird, da hier eine Verbindung geschaffen werden kann, ohne daß die Gefahr einer Aktivierung des Flamm- oder Brandschutzmaterials besteht.
    Weiterhin läßt sich die Verarbeitbarkeit verbessern, wenn an der Unterseite der fertigen Schindel eine schmelzbare Schutzfolie angebracht ist. Diese verhindert ein Zusammenkleben der Schindeln bei Lagerung und Transport und kann im Bedarfsfall mittels Flamme wieder entfernt werden. Dies ist insbesondere entlang aller Stösse and Anschlüsse erforderlich, da hier üblicherweise ein Schindelkleber aufgebracht wird.    Improved processability of the flame-retardant shingle is achieved in a manner known per se if a part which corresponds to a seam or joint area of the finished shingle is left free of flame retardant material, since a connection can be created here without the risk of activation of the flame or fire protection material.
    Furthermore, the processability can be improved if a fusible protective film is attached to the underside of the finished shingle. This prevents the shingles from sticking together during storage and transport and can be removed with a flame if necessary. This is particularly necessary along all joints and connections, since a shingle adhesive is usually applied here.

    Die Verlegung der Schindeln erfolgt mit den dem Fachmann geläufigen Verlegetechniken und unterliegt keinerlei Einschränkungen.The shingles are laid with those familiar to the expert Laying techniques and is not subject to any restrictions.

    Weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen schwerentflammbaren Schindel umfassend die Maßnahmen:

  • a) Bildung einer textilen Fläche,
  • b) Aufbringen des Bindemittels,
  • c) Aufbringen des Flammschutzmittels,
  • d) Ausüben von erhöhter Temperatur und/oder Druck, so daß das Flammschutzmittel auf der Oberfläche der textilen Fläche anhaftet,
  • e) Bituminieren der gemäß Maßnahme d) erhaltenen Fläche,
  • f) Konfektionieren der Schindel aus der gemäß Maßnahme e) erhaltenen Warenbahn,
    • dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Flammschutzmittel pulver- oder flockenförmig ist.The present invention furthermore relates to a method for producing the flame-retardant shingle according to the invention, comprising the measures:
  • a) formation of a textile surface,
  • b) applying the binder,
  • c) applying the flame retardant,
  • d) applying elevated temperature and / or pressure so that the flame retardant adheres to the surface of the textile surface,
  • e) bituminizing the area obtained according to measure d),
  • f) assembling the shingle from the web obtained in accordance with measure e),
    • characterized in that the flame retardant is powder or flake.

    Eine bevorzugte Form der Bildung der textilen Fläche gemäß Maßnahme a) besteht in der Spunbond-Bildung.
    An die Bildung der textilen Fläche kann sich gegebenenfalls noch eine Vorverfestigung der gebildeten textilen Fläche anschließen.     A preferred form of forming the textile surface according to measure a) is spunbond formation.
    If necessary, pre-consolidation of the formed textile surface can follow the formation of the textile surface.

    In einer Variante des Verfahrens ist es möglich vor oder nach den Maßnahmen a), b) oder c) mindestens eine Verstärkungsschicht in ansich bekannter Weise einzuarbeiten.In a variant of the method it is possible before or after the measures a), b) or c) at least one reinforcing layer in a manner known per se to incorporate.

    In einer Variante des Verfahrens ist es möglich die Maßnahmen b) und c) gemeinsam durchzuführen.In a variant of the method, measures b) and c) are possible perform together.

    In einer Variante des Verfahrens ist es möglich mehrere gemäß Maßnahme e) erhaltene Warenbahnen zu kombinieren. Dies ermöglicht u.a. einen laminatförmigen Aufbau der Schindel, bei dem auch nicht mit Flammschutzmittel ausgerüstete textile Flächengebilde mit ausgerüsteten textilen Flächengebilden kombiniert werden können.In a variant of the method it is possible to use several according to measure e) combine received webs. Among other things, this enables one Laminate structure of the shingle, which also does not use flame retardants finished textile fabrics with finished textile fabrics can be combined.

    Gemäß Maßnahme c) des Verfahrens kann das pulverförmige Flammschutzmittel auch durch mehrere hintereinander angeordnete Bestreuungsstühle aufgebracht werden, wobei die Abfolge des Auftragens keiner Einschränkung unterliegt.According to measure c) of the method, the powdered flame retardant also applied by several chaff chairs arranged one behind the other the sequence of the application is not subject to any restrictions.

    Das Bituminieren gemäß Maßnahme e) erfolgt durch Sättigung der Warenbahn mit Bitumen, beispielsweise durch Tränken (Bitumenbad) oder beidseitiges Beschichten. Derartige Bituminierungsverfahren sind bei der Herstellung von Dachbahnen bekannt.Bituminizing according to measure e) takes place by saturating the material web with Bitumen, for example by soaking (bitumen bath) or on both sides Coating. Such bituminization processes are used in the production of Roofing membranes known.

    Anschließend kann die bituminierte Warenbahn mit einer dekorativen Deckschicht, beispielsweise feinkörnigem Sand oder einen gegebenenfalls gefärbten Granulat bestreut werden. Das Bestreuen erfolgt zweckmäßigerweise kurz nach der Bituminierung auf die noch weiche Bitumenschicht. Zur Vefhinderung des Zusammenklebens der konfektionierten Schindeln ist es von Vorteil, wenn auf die Unterseite der gemäß Maßnahme e) erhaltenen Warenbahn eine schmelzbare Schutzfolie angebracht wird, die im Bedarfsfalle leicht entfernt werden kann.Then the bituminized web with a decorative top layer, for example fine-grained sand or an optionally colored granulate be sprinkled. Sprinkling is conveniently done shortly after Bituminization on the still soft bitumen layer. To prevent the Gluing the assembled shingles together is an advantage if on the Underside of the web obtained according to measure e) a meltable Protective film is attached, which can be easily removed if necessary.

    Anschließend wird die Warenbahn konfektioniert, d.h. durch Ausstanzen, Aussägen oder andere geeignete Maßnahmen werden die erfindungsgemäßen Schindeln erhalten. The web is then assembled, i.e. by punching out, sawing out or other suitable measures are the shingles according to the invention receive.

    Es ist gleichermaßen bevorzugt das Verfahren nach dem Flächenbildungsprozess oder zu einem späteren geeigneten Zeitpunkt zu unterbrechen.It is equally preferred to use the area formation process or to interrupt at a later suitable time.

    Die erhaltenen schwerentflammbaren Schindel können direkt als Belag für Dachflächen eingesetzt werden. Solche unter Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Schindeln hergestellte Dächer oder Dachflächen sind ebenfalls Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung.The flame retardant shingle obtained can be used directly as a covering for Roof areas are used. Those using the invention Roofs made of shingles or roof surfaces are also the subject of present invention.

    Claims (12)

    Schwerentflammbare Schindel, enthaltend mindestens ein beidseitig bituminiertes textiles Flächengebilde, auf dessen Oberfläche zumindest einseitig ein pulver- oder flockenförmiges Flammschutzmittel aufgebracht ist.Flame retardant shingle, containing at least one on both sides bituminized textile fabric, at least on its surface a powder or flake flame retardant is applied on one side is. Schindel gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das textile Flächengebilde aus natürlichen oder synthetischen Fasern besteht und ein Gewebe, Gestricke, Gelege, Gewirke oder ein Vlies, insbesondere ein Spinn- oder Stapelfaservlies ist.Shingle according to claim 1, characterized in that the textile Fabric consists of natural or synthetic fibers and a Woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, scrims, knitted fabrics or a nonwoven, in particular a Is spun or staple fiber fleece. Schindel gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vlies thermisch, chemisch oder schmelzbinderverfestigt ist oder im wesentlichen aus Polyester besteht.Shingle according to claim 2, characterized in that the fleece is thermally, chemically or melt-bond solidified or essentially made of polyester. Schindel gemäß Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das textile Flächengebilde ein Flächengewicht von 20 bis 2000 g/m2, insbesondere von 50 bis 400 g/m2 hat.Shingle according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the textile fabric has a basis weight of 20 to 2000 g / m 2 , in particular of 50 to 400 g / m 2 . Schindel gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Flammschutzmittel intumeszenz Graphit, eine intumeszenz Graphit-Verbindung, eine Phosphor-Stickstoff-Verbindung, eine einen Kohlenstoffspender enthaltende Zusammensetzung oder roten Phosphor, gegebenenfalls in Mischung mit Aluminiumhydroxiden, enthält und in einer Menge von 10 bis 120 g/m2 aufgebracht ist. Shingle according to claim 1, characterized in that the flame retardant contains intumescent graphite, an intumescent graphite compound, a phosphorus-nitrogen compound, a composition containing a carbon donor or red phosphorus, optionally in a mixture with aluminum hydroxides, and in an amount of 10 to 120 g / m 2 is applied. Schindel gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Flammschutzmittel mit einem Bindemittel, insbesondere einem chemischen Binder, einem Schmelzbinder oder einem Harz fixiert ist.Shingle according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the Flame retardant with a binder, especially a chemical Binder, a melt binder or a resin is fixed. Schindel gemäß Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch einen schichtförmigen Aufbau, insbesondere mindestens eine weitere Verstärkungsschicht oder mindestens ein weiteres textiles Flächengebilde.Shingle according to claim 1, characterized by a layered Structure, in particular at least one further reinforcement layer or at least one other textile fabric. Schindel gemaß Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der Oberfläche des weiteren textilen Flächengebildes zumindest einseitig ein pulver- oder flockenförmiges Flammschutzmittel aufgebracht ist.Shingle according to claim 7, characterized in that on the Surface of the further textile fabric at least on one side powder or flake flame retardant is applied. Schindel gemäß Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Deckschicht aus einem abriebfesten Material hat.Shingle according to claim 7, characterized in that it is a Cover layer made of an abrasion-resistant material. Schindel gemäß Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine schmelzbare Schutzfolie auf der Unterseite.Shingle according to claim 1, characterized by a meltable Protective film on the bottom. Schindel gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Dicke von 1 bis 50 mm, insbesondere von 2 bis 10 mm oder ein Flächengewicht von 1 bis 90 kg/m2, insbesondere von 2 bis 8 kg/m2 hat.Shingle according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a thickness of 1 to 50 mm, in particular 2 to 10 mm or a basis weight of 1 to 90 kg / m 2 , in particular 2 to 8 kg / m 2 . Dachfläche enthaltend Schindeln gemäß mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11.Roof surface containing shingles according to at least one of claims 1 until 11.
    EP98109718A 1997-05-30 1998-05-28 Flame retardant shingle Expired - Lifetime EP0881338B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE29709804U DE29709804U1 (en) 1997-05-30 1997-05-30 Flame retardant shingle
    DE29709804U 1997-05-30

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    EP0881338A2 true EP0881338A2 (en) 1998-12-02
    EP0881338A3 EP0881338A3 (en) 2001-10-10
    EP0881338B1 EP0881338B1 (en) 2008-04-16

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    AT (1) ATE392516T1 (en)
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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    DE29709804U1 (en) 1997-08-14
    EP0881338A3 (en) 2001-10-10
    EP0881338B1 (en) 2008-04-16
    NO981441L (en) 1998-12-01
    ATE392516T1 (en) 2008-05-15
    NO981441D0 (en) 1998-03-31
    CA2235186A1 (en) 1998-11-30
    US6436510B1 (en) 2002-08-20
    CA2235186C (en) 2008-07-22
    DE59814217D1 (en) 2008-05-29

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