EP1082781A1 - Antenna array with several vertically superposed primary radiator modules - Google Patents

Antenna array with several vertically superposed primary radiator modules

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Publication number
EP1082781A1
EP1082781A1 EP99926351A EP99926351A EP1082781A1 EP 1082781 A1 EP1082781 A1 EP 1082781A1 EP 99926351 A EP99926351 A EP 99926351A EP 99926351 A EP99926351 A EP 99926351A EP 1082781 A1 EP1082781 A1 EP 1082781A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiator
modules
antenna array
primary radiator
primary
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP99926351A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1082781B1 (en
Inventor
Maximilian GÖTTL
Roland Gabriel
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Kathrein SE
Original Assignee
Kathrein Werke KG
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H01Q21/10—Collinear arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna array with a plurality of primary radiator modules arranged vertically one above the other according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Antenna arrays with primary radiators arranged vertically one above the other are known as such.
  • these superimposed primary radiators can emit or receive two orthogonal polarizations.
  • these primary radiators, which are arranged in an array can also be referred to as primary radiator modules.
  • Such modules can consist, for example, of simple dipoles, slots, planar emitter elements or so-called patch emitters, as described, for example, in EP 0 685 900 AI or from the prior publication "Antennas, Part 2, Bibliographical Institute, Manheim / Vienna / Zurich, 1970, p. 47 to 50 "are known.
  • Dipoles (cross dipoles) or double dipole arrangements which have a square structure in plan view (dipole square) are preferably used.
  • Dual polarized antennas are also known, for example, from WO 98/01923.
  • multi-range antennas are also known, in which different primary radiators for different frequency ranges are interconnected with the aim of expanding the frequency range of the antenna.
  • each radiator works at a different frequency.
  • a disadvantage of the previously known designs is that there is an undefined phase position of the primary emitters and furthermore a defined interconnection of different primary emitters to form arrays for the purpose of influencing the radiation characteristics, among other things. is not known from this difficulty.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to create an antenna array which comprises at least two primary radiator modules arranged vertically one above the other and in which an improved realization of a desired half-width of the antenna array is possible with comparatively simple means is.
  • the combination of the modules according to the invention can be used to optimize the vertical diagram, for example for the targeted reduction of the side lobes.
  • the antennas according to the invention can be constructed using primary radiator modules which consist of double dipoles and single dipoles.
  • the invention is equally applicable to dual polarized antennas, for example with a +/- 45 ° polarization alignment (so-called X-Arrays).
  • a combination of cross dipoles horizontal half-width, for example, about 85 °
  • dipole squares with a horizontal half-width, for example, about 65 °
  • a horizontal one Half-width of about 75 ° can be generated and used.
  • the different groups of primary radiator modules have clearly different horizontal half-widths, which therefore differ from one another by more than 5 °, in particular more than 10 °, 15 ° or 20 °.
  • the antenna arrays according to the invention are formed using primary radiators in the form of patch radiators with significantly different half-widths.
  • the primary radiators can consist of polarized radiators.
  • the primary radiators can be formed from dipole squares and cross dipoles.
  • the antenna according to the invention can be used for transmitting or receiving in a wide variety of frequency ranges.
  • Such an antenna is usually operated in the mobile radio range in a frequency band range of 1.71 to 1.90 GHz, that is to say at a center frequency of approximately 1.80 GHz.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic perspective view of an antenna array according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of a modified antenna array according to the invention in the form of linear radiators
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the embodiment of Figure 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna array according to the invention.
  • Shape of a patch radiator. 1 and 2 show a schematic perspective top view and a horizontal side view of a first exemplary embodiment of an antenna array according to the invention with a plurality of primary radiator modules arranged vertically one above the other, this antenna array also being referred to below as a linear, vertically stacked antenna array.
  • This antenna array thus comprises radiator modules 1 and 3, which are arranged in front of a reflector 5, which is rectangular in the exemplary embodiment shown and which is oriented with its greater longitudinal extent in the vertical direction.
  • the reflector is conductive.
  • a feed network can be located on the rear of the reflector, via which the first and also the second radiator module are electrically connected.
  • a common feed network is provided, via which the first and second groups of radiator modules 1, 3 are fed with a defined power and phase for shaping the vertical radiation characteristic.
  • the feed network also takes care of the different phase positions of the different primary radiator modules.
  • the first radiator module 1 consists of several dipoles la, namely in the exemplary embodiment shown four dipoles la, which are arranged in the manner of a dipole square.
  • the dipoles 1 a are mechanically balanced via a so-called symmetry 7 with respect to the reflector or a circuit board located behind it. hold and electrically contacted via the feed network mentioned, that is, powered.
  • Both the primary and second group of primary radiator modules, ie radiator modules 1 and 3, are designed so that the length of the dipole elements is approximately the same and is tuned to the desired frequency range.
  • the orthogonal alignment of the dipole elements la (for the first radiator module 1) or 3a (for the second radiator module 3, which will be discussed below) creates a dual polarized antenna (also called X-polarized antenna for short) in a known manner the dipoles la and 3a are each oriented at an angle of + 45 ° and -45 ° to the vertical (or equally to the horizontal).
  • the reflector plate itself has a reflector edge 6, which in the exemplary embodiment shown rises vertically from the plane of the reflector plate 5 at a certain height, as a result of which the radiation diagram can be influenced in an advantageous manner.
  • emitter modules 3 offset between the emitter modules 1 formed in the manner of a dipole square.
  • these second emitter modules 3 are not in the form of dipole squares, but in the form of a cross dipole.
  • the two orthogonal dipoles 3a also become again, like the symmetrization 9 assigned to them, mechanically supported and electrically supplied with respect to the reflector or a circuit board located behind it.
  • the vertical distance between two adjacent radiator modules 1 and 3 always corresponds to half the distance between two radiator modules 1 or two radiator modules 3.
  • one radiator module in one group is always arranged centrally between the vertical distance between two radiator modules in the other group.
  • Both groups of radiator modules 1 and 3 are fed by a common feed network with a defined power and phase for shaping the vertical radiation characteristics.
  • both radiator modules are operated in the same frequency range.
  • dipole elements for example in the form of cross dipoles, dipole squares, etc.
  • the dipoles are of approximately the same length as usual.
  • the individual dipole elements 1a, 3a do not have to be at the same common height.
  • the distance between the plane of the reflector 5 and the plane of the dipoles 1a and 3a is preferably not more than one wavelength and not less than 1/20 of the wavelength. Particularly favorable areas result when the distance between the reflector 5 and the plane of the dipole elements 1a, 3a is not more than 40% of the wavelength, preferably not more than 30% of the wavelength.
  • the wavelength is to be understood as the operating wavelength, based on the operating frequency or the frequency band range of the antenna in which it is operated.
  • the antenna would be operated in a range from 1.71 GHz to approximately 1.90 GHz, that is to say have a center frequency of approximately 1.80 GHz.
  • Such antennas are used in the mobile radio field.
  • Favorable lower limit values for the distance in question between the dipoles and the plane of the reflector are values which should be 10% or more, in particular 20% or 1/4 of the wavelength (operating wavelength).
  • the dipoles la do not have to be in the same distance plane from the reflector 5 as the dipoles 3a, as can also be seen in FIG.
  • the symmetrizations 7 carrying the dipoles for example for the dipole square, but also the symmetrizations 9 carrying the dipoles 3a for the second group of primary emitter modules, not perpendicular to the reflector plane, but obliquely can run to this.
  • other holders for the dipoles can also be provided, which do not have to work simultaneously for the symmetries.
  • the linear, vertically stacked antenna array consists of two pairs each of antenna modules 1 and 3, the antenna modules 1 being formed from dipole squares and the antenna modules 3 being made from cross dipoles.
  • the combination of the radiator modules 1 in the form of cross dipoles with a horizontal half-width of, for example, approximately 85 ° leads to the radiator modules 3 in the form of the dipole squares mentioned with a horizontal half-width of approx. 65 ° to a resulting horizontal half-value width of the entire dual polarized antenna of approx. 75 °.
  • the radiator modules 1 consist of dipoles 1 a aligned in the vertical direction, which are arranged twice next to one another in the horizontal direction with lateral offset.
  • linearly polarized radiator modules 3 are arranged in between, each consisting of a vertically oriented dipole 3a. Furthermore, the symmetrizations 7 for the radiator modules 1 and the symmetrizations 9 for the radiator modules 3 can also be seen from FIG.
  • the structure of the antenna is also symmetrical with respect to a horizontal plane, i.e. the number of radiator modules 3 is odd (in this exemplary embodiment consisting of three modules), whereas the radiator modules 1 occur only twice in the intervals between them.
  • the radiator modules 1 consist of patch radiators which are provided twice and are arranged horizontally with a side offset next to one another, whereas the patch radiators belonging to the second group are provided only once. Otherwise, the structure of the antenna array thus formed is comparable to the previous exemplary embodiments, the distance between the plane of the reflector 5 and the plane of the patch radiating elements being known to be smaller.
  • either the same number of primary radiator modules 1 of the first can be any number of primary radiator modules 1 of the first.
  • Type and primary radiator modules 3 of the second type can be provided, or this number can preferably be distinguish one, whereby a symmetrical antenna structure is also formed to a horizontal plane.

Abstract

An improved antenna array comprises at least two vertically superposed primary radiator modules (1, 3) located in front of a reflector (5), and is characterised as follows: At least one first primary radiator module (1) of a first type and at least one second primary radiator module (3) of a second type are provided, these being vertically superposed at a distance; the primary radiator module(s) (1) of the first type has/have a different horizontal half-value width to the primary radiator module(s) (3) of the second type, so that it is possible to obtain a different horizontal total half-width value of the whole antenna; and the primary radiator module(s) (1) of the first type have a different constructional configuration to the primary radiator module(s) (3) of the second type.

Description

Antennenarray mit mehreren vertikal übereinander angeord- neten Primärstrahler-ModulenAntenna array with several primary radiator modules arranged vertically one above the other
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Antennenarray mit mehreren vertikal übereinander angeordneten Primärstrahler-Modulen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to an antenna array with a plurality of primary radiator modules arranged vertically one above the other according to the preamble of claim 1.
Antennenarrays mit vertikal übereinander angeordneten Pri- märstrahlern als solche sind bekannt. Im Falle von dual polarisierten Antennen können diese übereinander angeordneten Primärstrahler zwei orthogonale Polarisationen abstrahlen oder empfangen. Des weiteren können diese Primärstrahler, welche zu einem Array angeordnet werden, auch als Primärstrahler-Module bezeichnet werden. Derartige Module können beispielsweise aus einfachen Dipolen, Schlitzen, Planarstrahlerelementen oder sogenannten Patchstrahlern bestehen, wie sie beispielsweise aus der EP 0 685 900 AI oder aus der Vorveröffentlichung "Antennen, 2. Teil, Bibliographisches Institut, Manheim/ Wien/Zürich, 1970, S. 47 bis 50" bekannt sind. Bei den Dipolanordnungen werden bevorzugt kreuzförmig angeordnete Dipole (Kreuzdipole) oder Doppeldipolanordnungen, welche in der Draufsicht eine quadratische Struktur aufweisen (Dipolquadrat) verwendet .Antenna arrays with primary radiators arranged vertically one above the other are known as such. In the case of dual polarized antennas, these superimposed primary radiators can emit or receive two orthogonal polarizations. Furthermore, these primary radiators, which are arranged in an array, can also be referred to as primary radiator modules. Such modules can consist, for example, of simple dipoles, slots, planar emitter elements or so-called patch emitters, as described, for example, in EP 0 685 900 AI or from the prior publication "Antennas, Part 2, Bibliographical Institute, Manheim / Vienna / Zurich, 1970, p. 47 to 50 "are known. With the dipole arrangements Dipoles (cross dipoles) or double dipole arrangements which have a square structure in plan view (dipole square) are preferably used.
Dual polarisierte Antennen sind ferner beispielsweise auch aus der WO 98/01923 bekannt.Dual polarized antennas are also known, for example, from WO 98/01923.
Bei dem erwähnten Stand der Technik werden jeweils Primärstrahler-Module mit gleicher Strahlungscharakteristik zu Arrays zusammengefaßt. Demgegenüber wird die Zusammenschaltung von Antennen mit unterschiedlicher Strahlungscharakteristik eingesetzt, um verschiedene Gebiete zu versorgen. Hierbei wird bewußt der Nachteil in Kauf genom- men, daß in dem Überlappungsbereich beider Strahlungs- diagramme eine Undefinierte Phasenlage vorliegt, welche wechselweise zur Auslöschung oder additiven Überlagerung führt. Das daraus resultierende Strahlungsdiagramm im Überlappungsbereich ist dabei nicht bekannt.In the prior art mentioned, primary radiator modules with the same radiation characteristics are combined into arrays. In contrast, the interconnection of antennas with different radiation characteristics is used to cover different areas. Here, the disadvantage is consciously accepted that there is an undefined phase position in the overlap area of both radiation diagrams, which alternately leads to extinction or additive superimposition. The resulting radiation diagram in the overlap area is not known.
Schließlich sind auch Mehrbereichsantennen bekannt, bei denen verschiedene Primärstrahler für verschiedene Frequenzbereiche zusammengeschaltet werden, mit dem Ziel der Frequenzbereichserweiterung der Antenne. Hier wirkt jedoch jeder Strahler bei einer anderen Frequenz.Finally, multi-range antennas are also known, in which different primary radiators for different frequency ranges are interconnected with the aim of expanding the frequency range of the antenna. Here, however, each radiator works at a different frequency.
Schließlich ist auch die Zusammenschaltung von unterschiedlichen Primärstrahlern mit kontinuierlich verlaufender Größenausdehnung zum Zwecke der Frequenzbereichserwei- terung (beispielsweise logarithmische Antennen oder Leckwellantennen) bekannt. Insbesondere im Mobilfunkbereich ist es ein Erfordernis, die Antennen so zu konzipieren und einzustellen, daß ihr Strahlungsdiagramm einer gewünschten vorgegebenen Halbwertsbreite entspricht. Die Einstellung der horizontalen Halbwertsbreite von linearen, vertikal gestockten Arrays, welche der typischen Ausführung von derartigen Basisstations-Antennen für den Mobilfunk entsprechen, erfolgt dabei entsprechend den bekannten Mitteln und Maßnahmen durch die Wahl der Halbwertsbreite der Primärstrahler und durch die entsprechende Abstimmung mit dem Reflektor. Hierbei werden wiederum Primärstrahler mit gleicher Ausführung verwendet .Finally, the interconnection of different primary radiators with a continuously extending size for the purpose of expanding the frequency range (for example logarithmic antennas or leaky wave antennas) is also known. In the mobile radio sector in particular, it is a requirement to design and set the antennas so that their radiation pattern corresponds to a desired predetermined half-value width. The setting of the horizontal half-value width of linear, vertically stacked arrays, which correspond to the typical design of such base station antennas for mobile radio, is carried out in accordance with the known means and measures by the choice of the half-value width of the primary radiators and by appropriate coordination with the reflector. Here, primary emitters with the same design are used.
Nachteilig an den bisher bekannten Ausführungen ist, daß eine Undefinierte Phasenlage der Primärstrahler vorliegt und weiterhin eine definierte Zusammenschaltung von unterschiedlichen Primärstrahlern zu Arrays zum Zwecke der definierten Beeinflussung der Strahlungscharakteristik u.a. aus dieser Schwierigkeit heraus nicht bekannt ist.A disadvantage of the previously known designs is that there is an undefined phase position of the primary emitters and furthermore a defined interconnection of different primary emitters to form arrays for the purpose of influencing the radiation characteristics, among other things. is not known from this difficulty.
Ausgehend von dem zuletzt genannten Stand der Technik liegt von daher der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Antennenarray zu schaffen, welches zumindest zwei vertikal übereinander angeordnete Primärstrahler-Module umfaßt, und bei welchem mit vergleichsweise einfachen Mitteln eine verbesserte Realisierung einer gewünschten horizontalen Halbwertsbreite des Antennenarrays möglich ist.Proceeding from the last-mentioned prior art, the object of the invention is therefore to create an antenna array which comprises at least two primary radiator modules arranged vertically one above the other and in which an improved realization of a desired half-width of the antenna array is possible with comparatively simple means is.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß entsprechend den im An- spruch 1 bzw. 2 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.According to the invention, the object is achieved in accordance with the features specified in claim 1 or 2. Beneficial Embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
Es muß als überaus überraschend bezeichnet werden, daß es durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung möglich ist, durch entsprechende Auswahl unterschiedlicher Primärstrahler-Module eine Abstimmung der Halbwertsbreite eines derartigen An- tennenarrays vorzunehmen. Hervorzuheben ist auch, daß dabei eine Zusammenschaltung mit definierter Phasenlage durch entsprechende Auslegung des Speisenetzwerkes möglich ist.It must be described as extremely surprising that the solution according to the invention makes it possible to tune the half-width of such an antenna array by appropriately selecting different primary radiator modules. It should also be emphasized that an interconnection with a defined phase position is possible by appropriate design of the feed network.
Überraschend ist weiterhin, daß die erfindungsgemäße Kombination der Module zur Optimierung des Vertikaldiagram- mes, beispielsweise zur gezielten Verringerung der Nebenzipfel, angewendet werden kann. Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch ermöglicht, daß die zumindest beiden verwendeten Primärstrahler-Module unterschiedliche horizontale und vertikale Halbwertsbreiten besitzen. Durch Zusammenschal- tung dieser zumindest beiden verschiedenen Primärstrahler- Module zu einem linearen, vertikal gestocken Array wird die Einstellung der horizontalen Halbwertsbreite der Gesamtantenne ermöglicht.It is also surprising that the combination of the modules according to the invention can be used to optimize the vertical diagram, for example for the targeted reduction of the side lobes. This is made possible according to the invention in that the at least two primary radiator modules used have different horizontal and vertical half-widths. By interconnecting these at least two different primary radiator modules to form a linear, vertically stacked array, the adjustment of the horizontal half-width of the entire antenna is made possible.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Antennen können unter Verwendung von Primärstrahler-Modulen aufgebaut werden, die aus Doppeldipolen und Einzeldipolen bestehen.The antennas according to the invention can be constructed using primary radiator modules which consist of double dipoles and single dipoles.
Die Erfindung ist genauso bei dual polarisierten Antennen anwendbar, die beispielsweise mit einer +/- 45° Polarisa- tionsausrichtung arbeiten (sogenannte X-Arrays) .The invention is equally applicable to dual polarized antennas, for example with a +/- 45 ° polarization alignment (so-called X-Arrays).
Wird beispielsweise eine Kombination aus drei Einzeldipolen mit einer typischen Halbwertsbreite von 90 °und drei Doppeldipolen mit einer typischen Halbwertsbreite von 65° entsprechend der Erfindung vertikal übereinander angeordnet (mit anderen Worten also zu einem sogenannten linearen, vertikal gestockten Antennenarray zusammengefügt) , so ergibt sich dadurch eine resultierende horizontale Halb- wertsbreite von ca. 75°.If, for example, a combination of three single dipoles with a typical half-value width of 90 ° and three double dipoles with a typical half-value width of 65 ° is arranged vertically one above the other in accordance with the invention (in other words, to form a so-called linear, vertically stacked antenna array), this results a resulting horizontal half-width of approx. 75 °.
Im Falle von dual polarisierten Antennen mit beispielsweise +/-45° Polarisationsausrichtung kann durch eine derartige Kombination von Kreuzdipolen (horizontale Halb- wertsbreite von beispielsweise ca. 85°) und Dipolquadraten (mit einer horizontalen Halbwertsbreite von beispielsweise ca. 65°) eine resultierende horizontale Halbwertsbreite von ca. 75° erzeugt und genutzt werden.In the case of dual-polarized antennas with, for example, +/- 45 ° polarization alignment, a combination of cross dipoles (horizontal half-width, for example, about 85 °) and dipole squares (with a horizontal half-width, for example, about 65 °) can result in a horizontal one Half-width of about 75 ° can be generated and used.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weisen dabei die unterschiedlichen Gruppen von Primärstrahler- Modulen deutlich unterschiedliche horizontale Halbwertsbreiten auf, die sich also mehr als 5°, insbesondere mehr als 10° , 15° oder 20° voneinander unterscheiden.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the different groups of primary radiator modules have clearly different horizontal half-widths, which therefore differ from one another by more than 5 °, in particular more than 10 °, 15 ° or 20 °.
Ebenso möglich ist es aber auch, daß die erfindungsge äßen Antennenarrays unter Verwendung von Primärstrahlern in Form von Patchstrahlern mit deutlich unterschiedlicher Halbwertsbreite gebildet werden. Die Primärstrahler können in einer bevorzugte Ausführungs- form der Erfindung aus düal polarisierten Strahlern bestehen. Die Primärstrahler können aus Dipolquadraten und Kreuzdipolen gebildet sein.However, it is also possible that the antenna arrays according to the invention are formed using primary radiators in the form of patch radiators with significantly different half-widths. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the primary radiators can consist of polarized radiators. The primary radiators can be formed from dipole squares and cross dipoles.
Die erfindungsgemäße Antenne kann zum Senden oder Empfangen in unterschiedlichsten Frequenzbereichen eingesetzt werden. Üblicherweise im Mobilfunkbereich wird eine derartige Antenne in einem Frequenzbandbereich von 1,71 bis 1,90 GHz betrieben, also bei einer Mittenfrequenz von ca. 1,80 GHz.The antenna according to the invention can be used for transmitting or receiving in a wide variety of frequency ranges. Such an antenna is usually operated in the mobile radio range in a frequency band range of 1.71 to 1.90 GHz, that is to say at a center frequency of approximately 1.80 GHz.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungs- beipielen näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen im einzelnen:The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments. The individual shows:
Figur 1 : eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Antennenarrays ,-FIG. 1: a schematic perspective view of an antenna array according to the invention,
Figur 2 : eine Seitenansicht auf das Ausführungsbei- spiel gemäß Figur 1;FIG. 2 shows a side view of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1;
Figur 3 : eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht eines abgewandelten erfindungsgemäßen Antennenarrays in Form von Linearstrahlern;Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of a modified antenna array according to the invention in the form of linear radiators;
Figur 4 : eine Seitenansicht des Ausführungsbeispieles gemäß Figur 3 ; undFigure 4 is a side view of the embodiment of Figure 3; and
Figur 5 : eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Antennenarrays inFigure 5 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna array according to the invention in
Form eines Patchstrahlers. In den Figuren 1 und 2 ist in schematischer perspektivischer Draufsicht bzw. in horizontaler Seitenansicht ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Antennenarrays mit mehreren vertikal übereinander angeordneten Primärstrahler-Modulen gezeigt, wobei dieses Antennenarray nachfolgend teilweise auch als lineares, vertikal gestocktes Antennenarray bezeichnet wird.Shape of a patch radiator. 1 and 2 show a schematic perspective top view and a horizontal side view of a first exemplary embodiment of an antenna array according to the invention with a plurality of primary radiator modules arranged vertically one above the other, this antenna array also being referred to below as a linear, vertically stacked antenna array.
Dieses Antennenarray umfaßt also Strahlermodule 1 und 3, die vor einem, im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel rechteck- förmig geformten Reflektor 5 angeordnet sind, der mit seiner größeren Längserstreckung in Vertikalrichtung ausgerichtet ist.This antenna array thus comprises radiator modules 1 and 3, which are arranged in front of a reflector 5, which is rectangular in the exemplary embodiment shown and which is oriented with its greater longitudinal extent in the vertical direction.
Der Reflektor ist leitend. Auf der Rückseite des Reflektors kann sich ein Speisenetzwerk befinden, worüber das erste wie auch das zweite Strahlermodul elektrisch angeschlossen sind. In der Regel ist dazu ein gemeinsames Speisenetzwerk vorgesehen, worüber die erste und zweite Gruppe der Strahlermodule 1, 3 mit einer definierten Leistung und Phase zur Ausformung der vertikalen Strahlungscharakteristik gespeist werden. Dabei übernimmt hierbei das Speisenetzwerk zusätzlich auch den Ausgleich bezüglich der unterschiedlichen Phasenlage der verschiedenen Primärstrahler-Module. Das erste Strahlermodul 1 besteht dabei aus mehreren Dipolen la, nämlich im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel aus vier Dipolen la, die nach Art eines Dipolquadrates angeordnet sind. Die Dipole la werden über eine sogenannte Symmetrierung 7 gegenüber dem Reflektor oder einer dahinter befindlichen Platine mechanisch ge- halten und über das erwähnte Speisenetzwerk elektrisch kontaktiert, also gespeist.The reflector is conductive. A feed network can be located on the rear of the reflector, via which the first and also the second radiator module are electrically connected. As a rule, a common feed network is provided, via which the first and second groups of radiator modules 1, 3 are fed with a defined power and phase for shaping the vertical radiation characteristic. The feed network also takes care of the different phase positions of the different primary radiator modules. The first radiator module 1 consists of several dipoles la, namely in the exemplary embodiment shown four dipoles la, which are arranged in the manner of a dipole square. The dipoles 1 a are mechanically balanced via a so-called symmetry 7 with respect to the reflector or a circuit board located behind it. hold and electrically contacted via the feed network mentioned, that is, powered.
Sowohl die zur ersten wie zur zweiten Gruppe gehörenden Primärstrahler-Module, also die Strahlermodule 1 und 3, sind so konzipiert, daß die Länge der Dipolelemente in etwa gleich ist und auf den gewünschten Frequenzbereich abgestimmt ist. Durch die orthogonale Ausrichtung der Dipolelemente la (für das erste Strahlermodul 1) bzw. 3a (für das zweite Strahlermodul 3, worauf nachfolgend noch eingegangen wird) wird in bekannter Weise eine dual polarisierte Antenne (kurz auch X-polarisierte Antenne genannt) geschaffen, bei der die Dipole la und 3a jeweils in einem Winkel von +45° und -45° gegenüber der Vertikalen (bzw. gleichermaßen gegenüber der Horizontalen) ausgerichtet sind.Both the primary and second group of primary radiator modules, ie radiator modules 1 and 3, are designed so that the length of the dipole elements is approximately the same and is tuned to the desired frequency range. The orthogonal alignment of the dipole elements la (for the first radiator module 1) or 3a (for the second radiator module 3, which will be discussed below) creates a dual polarized antenna (also called X-polarized antenna for short) in a known manner the dipoles la and 3a are each oriented at an angle of + 45 ° and -45 ° to the vertical (or equally to the horizontal).
Das Reflektorblech selbst weist in horizontaler Abstrahl- richtung jeweils einen, im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel sich senkrecht von der Ebene des Reflektorbleches 5 in einer gewissen Höhe erhebenden Reflektorrand 6 auf, wodurch das Abstrahlungsdiagramm in vorteilhafter Weise mit beeinflußt werden kann.In the horizontal radiation direction, the reflector plate itself has a reflector edge 6, which in the exemplary embodiment shown rises vertically from the plane of the reflector plate 5 at a certain height, as a result of which the radiation diagram can be influenced in an advantageous manner.
Versetzt zwischen den nach Art eines Dipolquadrates gebildeten Strahlermodulen 1 befinden sich nunmehr Strahlermodule 3. Diese zweiten Strahlermodule 3 sind im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel nicht als Dipolquadrate, sondern in Form eines Kreuzdipoles gebildet. Die beiden or- thogonal aufeinander stehenden Dipole 3a werden ebenfalls wieder, wie die ihnen zugeordnete Symmetrierung 9, gegenüber dem Reflektor oder einer dahinter befindlichen Platine mechanisch abgestützt und elektrisch gespeist.There are now emitter modules 3 offset between the emitter modules 1 formed in the manner of a dipole square. In the exemplary embodiment shown, these second emitter modules 3 are not in the form of dipole squares, but in the form of a cross dipole. The two orthogonal dipoles 3a also become again, like the symmetrization 9 assigned to them, mechanically supported and electrically supplied with respect to the reflector or a circuit board located behind it.
Der Vertikalabstand zwischen zwei benachbarten Strahlermodulen 1 und 3 entspricht immer dem halben Abstand zwischen zwei Strahlermodulen 1 bzw. zwei Strahlermodulen 3. Mit anderen Worten ist immer ein Strahlermodul der einen Gruppe mittig zwischen dem Vertikalabstand zweier Strahlermo- dule der anderen Gruppe angeordnet.The vertical distance between two adjacent radiator modules 1 and 3 always corresponds to half the distance between two radiator modules 1 or two radiator modules 3. In other words, one radiator module in one group is always arranged centrally between the vertical distance between two radiator modules in the other group.
Beide Gruppen von Strahlermodulen 1 und 3 werden durch ein gemeinsames Speisenetzwerk mit einer definierten Leistung und Phase zur Ausformung der vertikalen Strahlungscharak- teristik gespeist. Mit anderen Worten werden beide Strahlermodule in einem gleichen Frequenzbereich betrieben. Bei Verwendung von Dipolelementen, beispielsweise in Form von Kreuzdipolen, Dipolquadraten etc., weisen also die Dipole wie gewohnt in etwa gleiche Länge auf.Both groups of radiator modules 1 and 3 are fed by a common feed network with a defined power and phase for shaping the vertical radiation characteristics. In other words, both radiator modules are operated in the same frequency range. When using dipole elements, for example in the form of cross dipoles, dipole squares, etc., the dipoles are of approximately the same length as usual.
Wie es sich insbesondere auch aus der Seitenansicht gemäß Figur 2 ergibt, müssen die einzelnen Dipolelemente la, 3a nicht in einer gleichen gemeinsamen Höhe liegen. Bevorzugt beträgt der Abstand zwischen der Ebene des Reflektors 5 und der Ebene der Dipole la bzw. 3a nicht mehr als eine Wellenlänge und nicht weniger als 1/20 der Wellenlänge. Besonders günstige Bereiche ergeben sich dann, wenn der Abstand zwischen dem Reflektor 5 und der Ebene der Dipol - elemente la, 3a nicht mehr als 40% der Wellenlänge, vor- zugsweise nicht mehr als 30% der Wellenlänge beträgt. Unter der Wellenlänge ist die Betriebswellenlänge zu verstehen, bezogen auf die Betriebsfrequenz bzw. den Frequenzbandbereich der Antenne, in der dieser betrieben wird. Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel würde die Antenne in einem Bereich von 1,71 GHz bis ca. 1,90 GHz betrieben werden, also eine Mittenfrequenz von ca. 1,80 GHz aufweisen. Derartige Antennen werden im Mobilfunkbereich eingesetzt. Als günstige untere Grenzwerte ergeben sich für den in Rede stehenden Abstand zwischen den Dipolen und der Ebene des Reflektors Werte, die 10% oder mehr, insbesondere 20% oder 1/4 der Wellenlänge (Betriebswellenlänge) betragen sollen. Dabei müssen die Dipole la nicht in der gleichen Abstandsebene gegenüber dem Reflektor 5 wie die Dipole 3a liegen, wie es sich auch aus Figur 2 ergibt.As can be seen in particular from the side view according to FIG. 2, the individual dipole elements 1a, 3a do not have to be at the same common height. The distance between the plane of the reflector 5 and the plane of the dipoles 1a and 3a is preferably not more than one wavelength and not less than 1/20 of the wavelength. Particularly favorable areas result when the distance between the reflector 5 and the plane of the dipole elements 1a, 3a is not more than 40% of the wavelength, preferably not more than 30% of the wavelength. The wavelength is to be understood as the operating wavelength, based on the operating frequency or the frequency band range of the antenna in which it is operated. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the antenna would be operated in a range from 1.71 GHz to approximately 1.90 GHz, that is to say have a center frequency of approximately 1.80 GHz. Such antennas are used in the mobile radio field. Favorable lower limit values for the distance in question between the dipoles and the plane of the reflector are values which should be 10% or more, in particular 20% or 1/4 of the wavelength (operating wavelength). The dipoles la do not have to be in the same distance plane from the reflector 5 as the dipoles 3a, as can also be seen in FIG.
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 ist auch ersichtlich, daß die die Dipole tragenden Symmetrierungen 7 beispielsweise für das Dipolquadrat, wie aber auch die die Dipole 3a tragenden Symmetrierungen 9 für die zweite Gruppe der Primärstrahler-Module nicht senkrecht zur Reflektorebene, sondern schräg zu dieser verlaufen können. Gerade auch dadurch kann der Abstand der Dipol - elemente zur Ebene des Reflektors 5 kleiner als 1/4 der Wellenlänge sein, beispielsweise weniger als 0,2 der Wel- lenlänge betragen. Es können aber auch noch andere Halte- rungen für die Dipole vorgesehen sein, die nicht gleichzeitig für die Symmetrierungen arbeiten müssen.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, it can also be seen that the symmetrizations 7 carrying the dipoles, for example for the dipole square, but also the symmetrizations 9 carrying the dipoles 3a for the second group of primary emitter modules, not perpendicular to the reflector plane, but obliquely can run to this. This is precisely the reason why the distance between the dipole elements and the plane of the reflector 5 can be less than 1/4 of the wavelength, for example less than 0.2 of the wavelength. However, other holders for the dipoles can also be provided, which do not have to work simultaneously for the symmetries.
Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht also das lineare, vertikal gestockte Antennenarray aus jeweils zwei Paaren von Antennenmodulen 1 und 3, wobei die Antennenmodule 1 aus Dipolquadraten und die Antennenmodule 3 aus Kreuzdipolen gebildet sind.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the linear, vertically stacked antenna array consists of two pairs each of antenna modules 1 and 3, the antenna modules 1 being formed from dipole squares and the antenna modules 3 being made from cross dipoles.
Bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel einer dual polarisierten Antenne mit beispielsweise +/- 45° Polarisationsausrichtung führt die Kombination der Strahlermodule 1 in Form von Kreuzdipolen mit einer horizontalen Halbwertsbreite von beispielsweise ca. 85° mit den Strahlermodulen 3 in Form der erwähnten Dipolquadrate mit einer horizontalen Halbwertsbreite von ca. 65° zu einer resultierenden horizontalen Halbwertsbreite der gesamten dual polarisierten Antenne von ca. 75°.In the illustrated embodiment of a dual polarized antenna with, for example, +/- 45 ° polarization orientation, the combination of the radiator modules 1 in the form of cross dipoles with a horizontal half-width of, for example, approximately 85 ° leads to the radiator modules 3 in the form of the dipole squares mentioned with a horizontal half-width of approx. 65 ° to a resulting horizontal half-value width of the entire dual polarized antenna of approx. 75 °.
Nachfolgend wird auf ein abgewandeltes Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figuren 3 und 4 Bezug genommen, bei welchem die erste und zweite Gruppe der Strahlermodule nicht aus +/-450 dual polarisierten Primärstrahler-Modulen 1, 3, sondern aus linear polarisierten Strahlermodulen 1, 3 besteht.In the following, reference is made to a modified embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, in which the first and second group of radiator modules do not consist of +/- 45 0 dual polarized primary radiator modules 1, 3, but instead of linearly polarized radiator modules 1, 3.
Die Strahlermodule 1 bestehen dabei aus in vertikaler Richtung ausgerichteten Dipolen la, die in Horizontalrichtung mit Seitenversatz doppelt nebeneinander angeordnet sind.The radiator modules 1 consist of dipoles 1 a aligned in the vertical direction, which are arranged twice next to one another in the horizontal direction with lateral offset.
Zwischen zwei jeweils so gebildeten doppelten, einfach polarisierten Primärstrahler-Modulen 1 sind dazwischenliegend jeweils linear polarisierte Strahlermodule 3 angeordnet, die jeweils aus einem vertikal ausgerichteten Dipol 3a bestehen. Ferner sind aus Figur 3 auch wieder die Symmetrierungen 7 für die Strahlermodule 1 und die Symmetrierungen 9 für die Strahlermodule 3 ersichtlich.Between each two double, single-polarized primary radiator modules 1 formed in this way, linearly polarized radiator modules 3 are arranged in between, each consisting of a vertically oriented dipole 3a. Furthermore, the symmetrizations 7 for the radiator modules 1 and the symmetrizations 9 for the radiator modules 3 can also be seen from FIG.
Anhand dieses Ausführungsbeispieles gemäß den Figuren 3 und 4 ist auch ersichtlich, daß auch der Aufbau der Antenne zu einer Horizontalebene symmetrisch ist, d.h. die Anzahl der Strahlermodule 3 ungeradzahlig ist (in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel aus drei Modulen bestehend) , wohinge- gen die Strahlermodule 1 in den dazwischenliegenden Abständen nur zweimal vorkommen.On the basis of this exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, it can also be seen that the structure of the antenna is also symmetrical with respect to a horizontal plane, i.e. the number of radiator modules 3 is odd (in this exemplary embodiment consisting of three modules), whereas the radiator modules 1 occur only twice in the intervals between them.
Anhand des Ausführungsbeispieles gemäß Figur 5 ist eine Abwandlung für Patchstrahler gezeigt, die ebenfalls wieder über entsprechende Halterungen 7 bzw. 9 fixiert sind.Using the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5, a modification for patch emitters is shown, which are also fixed again by means of corresponding holders 7 and 9, respectively.
Die Strahlermodule 1 bestehen dabei aus doppelt vorgesehenen und horizontal mit Seitenversatz nebeneinander angeordneten Patchstrahlern, wohingegen die zur zweiten Gruppe gehörenden Patchstrahler nur einfach vorgesehen sind. Auch ansonsten ist der Aufbau des so gebildeten Antennenarrays vergleichbar mit den vorausgegangenen Ausführungsbeispielen, wobei der Abstand zwischen der Ebene des Reflektors 5 und der Ebene der Patchstrahler-Elemente bekanntermaßen geringer ist.The radiator modules 1 consist of patch radiators which are provided twice and are arranged horizontally with a side offset next to one another, whereas the patch radiators belonging to the second group are provided only once. Otherwise, the structure of the antenna array thus formed is comparable to the previous exemplary embodiments, the distance between the plane of the reflector 5 and the plane of the patch radiating elements being known to be smaller.
Wie aus den Ausführungsbeispielen ersichtlich ist, können entweder gleich viele Primärstrahler-Module 1 des erstenAs can be seen from the exemplary embodiments, either the same number of primary radiator modules 1 of the first can
Typs und Primärstrahler-Module 3 des zweiten Typs vor- gesehen sein, oder es kann sich diese Anzahl bevorzugt um eins unterscheiden, wodurch ein symmetrischer Antennenaufbau auch zu einer Horizontalebene gebildet wird. Type and primary radiator modules 3 of the second type can be provided, or this number can preferably be distinguish one, whereby a symmetrical antenna structure is also formed to a horizontal plane.

Claims

Ansprüche ; Expectations ;
1. Antennenarray bestehend aus zumindest zwei vertikal übereinander angeordneten Strahlermodulen oder Strahlern (1, 3) , welche sich vor einem Reflektor (5) befinden und durch ein vorzugsweise gemeinsames Speisenetzwerk mit einer definierte Leistung und Phase gespeist werden, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Merkmale1. Antenna array consisting of at least two vertically superimposed radiator modules or radiators (1, 3), which are located in front of a reflector (5) and are fed by a preferably common feed network with a defined power and phase, characterized by the following features
- es ist zumindest ein erstes Primärstrahler-Modul oder ein erster Strahler (1) ersten Typs und zumindest ein zweites Primärstrahler-Modul oder ein zweiter Strahler (3) zweiten Typs vorgesehen, die im Abstand vertikal übereinander angeordnet sind,at least a first primary radiator module or a first radiator (1) of the first type and at least a second primary radiator module or a second radiator (3) of the second type are provided, which are arranged vertically one above the other at a distance,
- das zumindest eine oder die mehreren Primärstrahler- Module oder der zumindest eine erste Strahler (1) ersten- The at least one or more primary radiator modules or the at least one first radiator (1) first
Typs weisen gegenüber dem zumindest einen oder den m- ehreren Primärstrahler-Modulen oder dem zumindest einen zweiten Strahler (3) zweiten Typs eine unterschiedliche horizontale Halbwertsbreite auf, wodurch eine davon unterschiedliche horizontale Gesamthalbwertsbreite der Gesamtantenne erzielbar ist, undCompared to the at least one or more primary radiator modules or the at least one second radiator (3) of the second type, the types have a different horizontal half-value width, as a result of which a different horizontal total half-value width of the Overall antenna is achievable, and
- das zumindest eine oder die mehreren Primärstrahler- Module oder der zumindest eine erste Strahler (1) ersten Typs weisen gegenüber dem zumindest einen oder den m- ehreren Primärstrahler-Modulen oder dem zumindest einen zweiten Strahler (3) zweiten Typs eine unterschiedliche konstruktive Gestaltung auf.- The at least one or more primary radiator modules or the at least one first radiator (1) of the first type have a different structural design compared to the at least one or more primary radiator modules or the at least one second radiator (3) of the second type .
2. Antennenarray bestehend aus einem ersten und einem zweiten Strahler (1, 3), die vertikal übereinander vor einem Reflektor (5) angeordnet sind und in gleicher Richtung abstrahlen, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Merkmale2. Antenna array consisting of a first and a second radiator (1, 3), which are arranged vertically one above the other in front of a reflector (5) and emit in the same direction, characterized by the following features
- der erste Strahler (1) unterscheidet sich von dem zwei- ten Strahler (3) in konstruktiver Hinsicht,- The first radiator (1) differs from the second radiator (3) in design terms,
- der erste Strahler (1) weist gegenüber dem zweiten Strahler (3) eine unterschiedliche horizontale Halbwertsbreite auf, und- The first radiator (1) has a different horizontal half-width compared to the second radiator (3), and
- im gemeinsamen Betrieb des ersten Strahlers (1) und des zweiten Strahlers (3) bilden diese eine Gesamthalbwerts- breite, die sowohl zu der Halbwertsbreite des ersten Strahlers (1) als auch der Halbwertsbreite des zweiten Strahlers (3) bei Alleinbetrieb unterschiedlich ist.- When the first radiator (1) and the second radiator (3) are operated together, they form a total half-width which differs from the half-width of the first radiator (1) and the half-width of the second radiator (3) when operated alone.
3. Antennenarray nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Halbwertsbreiten der Primärstrahler-Module oder der ersten und zweiten Strahler (1, 3) um zumindest 10°, vorzugsweise um zumindest 20°, 25° oder 30° voneinander unterscheiden. 3. Antenna array according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the half widths of the primary radiator modules or the first and second radiators (1, 3) differ from one another by at least 10 °, preferably by at least 20 °, 25 ° or 30 °.
4. Antennenarray nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere erste Primärstrahler-Module oder erste Strahler (1) und mehrere zweite Primärstrahler-Module oder zweite Strahler (3) vorgesehen sind, die abwech- selnd vertikal übereinander angeordnet sind.4. Antenna array according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that several first primary radiator modules or first radiators (1) and several second primary radiator modules or second radiators (3) are provided, which are arranged alternately vertically one above the other.
5. Antennenarray nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zumindest eine erste Primärstrahler-Modul bzw. der zumindest eine erste Strahler (1) und das zumindest eine zweite Primärstrahler-Modul bzw. der zumindest eine zweite Strahler (3) linear polarisierte Antennen sind.5. Antenna array according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one first primary radiator module or the at least one first radiator (1) and the at least one second primary radiator module or the at least one second radiator (3) are linearly polarized antennas.
6. Antennenarray nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zumindest eine erste6. Antenna array according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one first
Primärstrahler-Modul bzw. der zumindest eine erste Strahler (1) aus Doppeldipolen und das zumindest eine zweite Primärstrahler-Modul bzw. der zumindest eine zweite Strahler (3) aus Einzeldipolen bestehen.The primary radiator module or the at least one first radiator (1) consist of double dipoles and the at least one second primary radiator module or the at least one second radiator (3) consist of single dipoles.
7. Antennenarray nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zumindest eine erste sowie der zumindest eine zweite Primärstrahler-Modul bzw. der zumindest eine erste sowie der zumindest eine zweite Strah- 1er (1, 3) aus dual polarisierten Antennen bestehen.7. Antenna array according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one first and the at least one second primary radiator module or the at least one first and the at least one second radiator (1, 3) made of dual polarized antennas consist.
8. Antennenarray nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einem dual polarisierten Antennenmodul die ersten Primärstrahler-Module bzw. ersten Strah- ler (1) aus Dipolquadraten (la) und die zweiten Primärstrahler-Module bzw. die zweiten Strahler (3) aus Kreuzdipolen (3a) bestehen.8. Antenna array according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in a dual polarized antenna module, the first primary radiator modules or first beam ler (1) from dipole squares (la) and the second primary radiator modules and the second radiator (3) consist of cross dipoles (3a).
9. Antennenarray nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten und zweiten Primärstrahler- Module bzw. ersten und zweiten Strahler (1, 3) aus Patchstrahlern bestehen.9. Antenna array according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the first and second primary radiator modules or first and second radiators (1, 3) consist of patch radiators.
10. Antennenarray nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten Primärstrahler-Module bzw. Strahler (1) aus Dipolen (la, 3a) und die zweiten Primärstrahler-Module bzw. Strahler (3) aus Patchstrahlern bestehen.10. Antenna array according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first primary radiator modules or radiators (1) consist of dipoles (la, 3a) and the second primary radiator modules or radiators (3) consist of patch radiators.
11. Antennenarray nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Antennenarray aus einer Kombination von Strahlern besteht, die mehr als zwei verschiedene, sich in konstruktiver Hinsicht unterscheidende Typen umfassen.11. Antenna array according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the antenna array consists of a combination of radiators, which comprise more than two different, differing in terms of construction.
12. Antennenarray nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anzahl der ersten Primärstrahler-Module bzw. Strahler (1) gerade und die Anzahl der zweiten Primärstrahler-Module bzw. Strahler (3) ungerade ist oder umgekehrt. 12. Antenna array according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the number of first primary radiator modules or radiators (1) is even and the number of second primary radiator modules or radiators (3) is odd or vice versa.
EP99926351A 1998-05-27 1999-05-20 Antenna array with several vertically superposed primary radiator modules Expired - Lifetime EP1082781B1 (en)

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DE19823750A1 (en) 1999-12-09
KR100697942B1 (en) 2007-03-20
ES2174613T3 (en) 2002-11-01
HK1038281A1 (en) 2002-03-08
EP1082781B1 (en) 2002-03-06
CA2331416C (en) 2002-12-10
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BR9910712A (en) 2001-01-30
CN1303529A (en) 2001-07-11
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CN1134860C (en) 2004-01-14
WO1999062138A1 (en) 1999-12-02
AU751894B2 (en) 2002-08-29
CA2331416A1 (en) 1999-12-02
US6339407B1 (en) 2002-01-15
AU4364899A (en) 1999-12-13

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