EP1192706A1 - Direct current motor safety circuits for fluid delivery systems - Google Patents
Direct current motor safety circuits for fluid delivery systemsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1192706A1 EP1192706A1 EP00939945A EP00939945A EP1192706A1 EP 1192706 A1 EP1192706 A1 EP 1192706A1 EP 00939945 A EP00939945 A EP 00939945A EP 00939945 A EP00939945 A EP 00939945A EP 1192706 A1 EP1192706 A1 EP 1192706A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- safety circuit
- voltage potential
- motor
- controller
- driven device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
- H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
- H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
- H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
- H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
- H02P7/288—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using variable impedance
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
- A61M5/16831—Monitoring, detecting, signalling or eliminating infusion flow anomalies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
- H02H7/0833—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for electric motors with control arrangements
- H02H7/0844—Fail safe control, e.g. by comparing control signal and controlled current, isolating motor on commutation error
Definitions
- This invention relates to direct current (DC) motor safety circuits in fluid delivery systems and, in particular embodiments, to safety circuits for DC motors in medication/drug infusion pumps to inhibit accidental over delivery of medications/drugs due to DC motor control circuit failures.
- DC direct current
- the motor control electronics utilize cross checks, encoder counts, motor current consumption, occlusion detection, or the like, as a form of feedback to guard against over or under delivery of medication.
- one drawback to this approach can occur if the control electronics in a DC motor driven infusion pump were to fail, such that a direct short occurs from the power source to a DC motor in the infusion pump.
- the DC motor in one failure mode, it would be possible for the DC motor to drive continuously for an excessive period of time, for example, until the power source was depleted or removed, or until the short was removed. This condition is commonly referred to as motor "run away", and 5 could result in all of the medication contained in the infusion pump being infused immediately over too short a period of time resulting in injury or death to the patient.
- a safety circuit system for a DC driven device for use with a fluid delivery system includes a first voltage potential DC power line, a second voltage potential DC power line, a controller and a safety circuit.
- the first voltage potential DC power line is coupled to
- the safety circuit 25 provide a first voltage potential to the DC driven device, and the second voltage potential DC power line is coupled to provide a second voltage potential to the DC driven device such that the second voltage potential is different relative to the first potential.
- the controller controls at least the first voltage potential on the first voltage potential DC power line.
- the safety circuit has an enable state and a
- the safety circuit is coupled to the controller, and the controller controls the safety circuit to place the safety circuit in the enable state independently of controlling the first voltage potential on the first voltage potential DC power line.
- the safety circuit is operatively coupled to at least one of the first and second voltage potential DC power lines to inhibit DC flow and operation of the DC driven device when the safety circuit is in the disable state and to permit DC flow and operation of the DC driven device when the safety circuit is in the enable state such that the operation of the DC driven device will occur when the safety circuit is in the enable state.
- the DC driven device is a DC motor in an infusion pump.
- the DC driven device is a gas generator in an infusion pump.
- the safety circuit is controlled by an AC signal from the controller such that the safety circuit is enabled by the AC signal to permit DC flow and enable the forward motion of the DC motor while the AC signal is provided by the controller.
- the safety circuit being in the disable state operates to inhibit the forward motion of the DC motor when the difference of the first voltage potential relative to second voltage potential is positive.
- the safety circuit being in the disable state is inoperative to inhibit a reverse motion of the DC motor when the difference of the first voltage potential relative to second voltage potential is negative.
- the safety circuit being in the disable state operates to inhibit a reverse motion of the DC motor when the difference of the first voltage potential relative to second voltage potential is negative.
- the safety circuit being in the disable state operates to inhibit the forward motion of the DC motor when the difference of the first voltage potential relative to second voltage potential is negative.
- the safety circuit being in the disable state is inoperative to inhibit a reverse motion of the DC motor when the difference of the first voltage potential relative to second voltage potential is positive.
- the safety circuit being in the disable state operates to inhibit a reverse motion of the DC motor when the difference of the first voltage potential relative to second voltage potential is positive.
- Preferred embodiments are directed to an infusion pump, in which the safety circuit is used to prevent operation of the DC motor during a controller failure to prevent accidental delivery of excess fluid.
- the safety circuit is integral with the DC motor.
- the safety circuit is co-located with the controller.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a safety circuit in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is an illustrative schematic diagram of a safety circuit in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a safety circuit in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a safety circuit that is a variation of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3.
- Fig. 5(a) is a schematic diagram of a safety circuit that is a further variation of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3.
- Fig. 5(b) is a top view of a pin out diagram for a component used in the circuit shown in Fig. 5(a).
- Fig. 5(c) is a top view of a pin out diagram for another component used in the circuit shown in Fig. 5(a).
- Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a safety circuit that is yet another variation of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3.
- Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a motor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 8 is a simplified schematic of a motor and safety circuit in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 9 is a waveform diagram illustrating operation of the safety circuit and power supplied to a DC motor in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention.
- Fig. 10 is a waveform diagram illustrating operation of the safety circuit and power supplied to a DC motor that is an enlarged view of the portion shown in the dashed circle 10-10 of Fig. 9.
- Fig. 11 is a waveform diagram illustrating operation of the safety circuit 5 and power supplied to a DC motor that is an enlarged view of the portion shown in the dashed circle 11-11 of Fig. 9.
- the invention is l o embodied in safety circuits for direct current (DC) motors used in fluid delivery systems.
- controllers that provide a signal to the safety circuit, in addition to providing power for the DC motor in an infusion pump, that enables the DC motor to operate only when an enabling signal is provided to the safety circuit.
- further embodiments of the invention may be used to inhibit motor operation with additional signals or by controlling other aspects of the infusion pump.
- the safety circuits are primarily adapted for use in infusion pumps that deliver medication (or fluid) to subcutaneous human tissue. However, still further embodiments may be used with infusion pumps for other types of tissue, such as
- the infusion pumps are also primarily for external use; however, alternative embodiments may be implanted in the body of a patient.
- the fluid delivery systems are also primarily for delivery of medication, drugs and/or fluids to a patient; however other embodiments may be used with other fluid delivery
- Preferred embodiments are directed to safety circuits for DC motors.
- alternative embodiments may be used with other DC driven devices, such as a DC activated gas generator in an infusion pump or the like.
- Preferred embodiments are directed to circuits and methods for using DC motor technology in fluid delivery systems with additional safety circuits to prevent DC motor "run away". Use of this technology obviates the need for the use of comparatively less efficient and more expensive stepper motor and solenoid motors. All of the illustrated embodiments include a DC motor and some DC motor control electronics, although other components or DC driven devices may be used.
- the control electronics may be relatively simple, such as only including the capability of turning the DC motor on and off by supplying 5 power for the duration of a key press, or may be more complex using microprocessors having multiple programmable control profiles utilizing feedback from an encoder, driving current or the like.
- Fig. 1 illustrates a safety circuit 110 in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
- a DC motor 112 is l o configured to have a nominal voltage winding that is significantly higher then a supply voltage from a battery 114.
- the safety circuit 110 utilizes a DC-DC step up converter 116 (or similar), that includes an integral controller 118, between the battery 114 and the DC motor 112 to drive the DC motor 112 at its rated voltage (see Fig. 1).
- the nominal motor voltage winding is selected to be some large multiple of the supply voltage from the battery, such as ten times, or the like, higher then the supply voltage from the battery. Therefore, if the battery 114 is shorted directly to the DC motor 112 (i.e., as when there is an control
- the DC motor's 112 output torque would only be approximately 1/10 of the rated value.
- the DC motor 112 will not have enough available torque to drive the system and cause a "run
- a DC-DC step up converter 116 would be required with approximately a ten times step up capability.
- alternative embodiments of the safety circuit 10 would include the DC-DC step up converter 116 such that it would only be enabled by an additional internal signal SI (shown in dashed lines) from the integral control electronics 118.
- SI shown in dashed lines
- Alternative embodiments may utilize different battery supply voltages to rated nominal motor voltages ratios, with the choice being based on system friction, tolerance for movement, cost of control electronics and DC motors, or the like.
- the control electronics 118 may be separated from the DC-DC step up converter 116 and provided as a discrete element that is placed before or after the DC-DC step up converter 116.
- Fig. 2 illustrates a safety circuit 200 in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention that builds upon the embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
- the safety circuit 200 utilizes a DC-DC step up converter 202 (that includes integral control electronics 210) and a Zener diode 204.
- the DC-DC step up converter 202 converts the supply voltage from the battery 206 to a value corresponding to the sum of the rated motor winding voltage of the DC motor 208 and the Zener diode 204.
- the DC-DC step up converter 202 must provide 5.0 volts to facilitate operation of the DC motor 208 at its nominal rated voltage, if it is desired to drive the DC motor 208 at the rated voltage.
- the supply voltage from the battery 206 is stepped up to 5 volts as a positive voltage potential, 2 volts are lost through the Zener diode 204 and 3 volts are provided for operation of the DC motor 208.
- the reverse direction i.e.
- the DC-DC step up converter 202 only needs to step up the 1.5 volts supply voltage from the battery 206 to 3 volts, since there is little loss through the Zener diode 204 in the reverse direction.
- a Schottky diode 250 (shown in dashed lines in Fig. 2) may be placed in parallel with the Zener diode 204 to insure a low and predictable voltage drop in the reverse direction (i.e., negative voltage potential).
- the DC-DC step up converter 202 can still be stepped up to the 5 volts to over drive the 3 volt rated DC motor 208.
- the DC- DC step up converter 202 can provide a range of various voltage values to drive the DC motor 208 at different ratings in either the forward or the reverse directions.
- the DC motor 208 would not operate in the forward direction (i.e., there would be no drug delivery), and would have only a fraction of the rated torque in the rewind direction (or no rewinding if sufficient friction is present in the drive mechanism).
- alternative embodiments of the safety circuit 200 would include the DC-DC step up converter 202 such that it would only be enabled by an additional internal signal S2 (shown in dashed lines) from the control electronics 210.
- the Zener diode 204 is contained within the DC motor package 212 (see also Fig. 7) so that the DC motor 208 is protected independently of the type of control electronics 210 to which the DC motor 208 is connected.
- the Zener diode 204 could be contained within the control electronics and the electronics are then connected to a conventional DC motor (see also Fig. 8).
- a second Zener may be used, which is reversed with respect to the first diode and in series with the first diode such that the DC motor operates similarly in both directions.
- control electronics 210 may be separated from the DC-DC step up converter 202 and provided as a discrete element that is placed before or after the DC-DC step up converter 202.
- Fig. 3 illustrates a safety circuit 300 in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention, which includes further enhancements to provide protection against DC motor 302 "run away".
- the safety circuit 300 includes additional electronics added to the DC motor package (as shown in Fig. 7) that are independent of the control electronics. Alternatively, the additional electronics may be included in the control electronics (as shown in Fig. 8) or as a separate set of control electronics (not shown). In preferred embodiments, the control electronics must provide a specific signal (at terminal 3) to the additional electronics to allow the DC motor 302 to operate. As shown in Fig.
- the rated supply voltage from the battery (not shown) is supplied to terminals 1 and 2 as a 0 negative and positive voltage potential, respectively, to control operation of the DC motor 302 in the forward direction.
- a specific AC signal e.g., a 3 volt Peak-to-Peak Square wave at approximately 32 kHz - see Figs. 9-11
- This provides a second independent 5 system to control the operation of the DC motor 302. For a "run away" to occur the control electronics must short the battery to the power terminals 1 and 3, and must also provide an AC signal to terminal 3 of the safety circuit 300.
- the safety circuit 300 uses two Schottky diodes 304 and 306 (e.g., BAT54SCT-ND from Zetex) and a FET 308 ((e.g., IRMLMS1902 from International Rectifier).
- BAT54SCT-ND from Zetex
- FET 308 e.g., IRMLMS1902 from International Rectifier
- the DC 5 motor 302 In operation, when the control electronics provide a positive DC voltage potential at terminal 2, and a negative voltage potential at terminal 1, the DC 5 motor 302 will not operate since the gate G of the FET 308 does not have a positive signal applied to it derived from the input at terminal 3 of the safety circuit 300. In this situation, the gate G blocks the flow of current from the drain D to the source S of the FET 308. DC flow through terminal 3 is blocked by the capacitor Cl . Thus, the DC motor 302 will not operate, if there is no AC signal 0 applied to terminal 3 of the safety circuit 300.
- an AC voltage potential signal (e.g., a 3 volt Peak to Peak square wave at a frequency of approximately 32 kHz - see Figs. 9-11) is applied to terminal 3 of the safety circuit 300, Schottky diodes 304 and 306 rectify and double the signal to positively bias the gate G, current then flows from the drain D to the source S of the FET 308 and to terminal 1. This in turn drives the DC motor 302, which is connected to the positive DC voltage potential at terminal 2.
- a different number of components such as diodes, capacitors, resistors, or the like, may be used.
- the selection of the type of FET, diode, size of the voltage potentials on terminals 1, 2 and 3, the AC signal type (including duration of peaks, waveform and frequency), may be different, with the selection being dependent on motor nominal operating voltage, system friction, tolerances, safety issues, control electronics, or the like.
- the safety circuit 300 uses the additional AC signal to control the forward operation of the DC motor 302, since concerns over DC motor "run away" arise mainly from the possibility of over delivery of a fluid due to the failure of the safety circuit 300. There is less concern for the situation, in which the fluid delivery system rewinds, since no fluid would be delivered in that scenario.
- the drive system may also use an additional signal to control operation of the DC motor in the rewind direction.
- Fig. 4 illustrates a safety circuit 400 in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- This safety circuit 400 is similar to the embodiment of Fig. 3 , but utilizes a BJT 402 (FMMT 491 ACT-ND from Zetex) instead of the FET 308, and an additional Schottky diode 404 (e.g., BAT54CT- ND from Zetex).
- BJT 402 FMMT 491 ACT-ND from Zetex
- an additional Schottky diode 404 e.g., BAT54CT- ND from Zetex.
- Figs. 5(a)-(c) illustrate a safety circuit 500 in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- This safety circuit 500 is also similar to the embodiment of Fig. 3, but utilizes FET 502 (IRLM1902 from International Rectifier) instead of the FET 308, and an additional Schottky diode 504 (e.g., BAT54CT-ND from Zetex).
- FET 502 IRLM1902 from International Rectifier
- an additional Schottky diode 504 e.g., BAT54CT-ND from Zetex.
- Fig. 6 illustrates a safety circuit 600 in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- This safety circuit 600 is similar to the embodiment of Fig. 3, but utilizes FET 606 (IRLM1902 from International Rectifier) instead of the FET 308, and an additional Schottky diode (e.g., BAT545CT-ND from Zetex).
- the capacitors and resistors are selected to form a bandpass filter to provide better noise isolation and circuit performance. Performance of the safety circuit 600 as it provides power to the DC motor 604 from a battery 602 is illustrated in Figs. 9-11.
- Fig. 7 illustrates a perspective view of a DC motor package 700 that includes a safety circuit 702 within the package 700 holding a DC motor 704.
- the DC motor 704 includes the safety circuit 702, which must be connected, and enabled, or the DC motor 704 will not operate. This minimizes the possibility that a DC motor 704 will be improperly installed in a fluid delivery device by assuring that an AC signal must be provided to the terminal input 3 on wire 706 to enable the DC motor 704 to operate.
- the fluid delivery system 800 includes an additional safety circuit 802 (i.e., in addition to other switches and controls found in the control circuitry), which is contained within the control electronics 804.
- the control electronics 804 are then connected to a standard, two-input DC motor 806, without the need for an additional connection to the DC motor 806.
- the safety circuit 802 operates a switch 808 to enable power to pass to and drive the DC motor 806.
- Figs. 9-11 illustrate operational waveforms for the safety circuit 600 (see Fig. 6) as DC current is applied to the circuit.
- FIG. 9 when DC current is applied to the DC motor 604 in graph section 902, no current is drawn since the AC enable signal in graph section 908 is not present.
- the AC signal is applied in graph section 910, the DC current is quickly applied to the DC motor 604 by the battery 602, as shown by the graph section 904.
- the AC enable signal is removed, as shown in graph section 912, the DC power supplied to the DC motor 604 is cutoff, as shown in graph section 906.
- Figs. 10 and 11 highlight and expand portions of Fig. 9 to illustrate the AC signal used and the response of the safety circuit 600.
- the illustrated AC signal is at approximately 3 volts peak-to-peak at a frequency of approximately 32 kHz.
- different shape waveforms such as saw tooth, sinusoidal, or the like may be used.
- different voltage ranges may be used, with the selection being dependent on the rated motor output and the application in which the motor is being used.
- higher or lower frequencies may be utilized, with the selection be dependent on the response characteristics of the safety circuit, noise, or the like.
- the delays observed in Figs. 10 and 11 are a result of the smoothing and bandpass filters used in the safety circuit 600.
- DC motor 604 For instance it takes approximately 125 microseconds for the DC motor 604 to respond after the AC signal is provided, and about 80 microseconds for the DC motor 604 to respond to termination of the AC signal.
- One advantage of having the DC current ramp up and down is that it minimizes the effects of voltage spikes and electromagnetic interference.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/335,008 US6259587B1 (en) | 1999-06-17 | 1999-06-17 | Direct current motor safety circuits for fluid delivery systems |
PCT/US2000/016655 WO2000079676A1 (en) | 1999-06-17 | 2000-06-16 | Direct current motor safety circuits for fluid delivery systems |
US335008 | 2006-01-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1192706A1 true EP1192706A1 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
EP1192706B1 EP1192706B1 (en) | 2005-08-10 |
Family
ID=23309846
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00939945A Expired - Lifetime EP1192706B1 (en) | 1999-06-17 | 2000-06-16 | Direct current motor safety circuits for fluid delivery systems |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6259587B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1192706B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003503002A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE301881T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5495000A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2374407C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60021889T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000079676A1 (en) |
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- 2000-06-16 CA CA002374407A patent/CA2374407C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-16 EP EP00939945A patent/EP1192706B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-16 AU AU54950/00A patent/AU5495000A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-16 WO PCT/US2000/016655 patent/WO2000079676A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-06-16 DE DE60021889T patent/DE60021889T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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AU5495000A (en) | 2001-01-09 |
EP1192706B1 (en) | 2005-08-10 |
CA2374407A1 (en) | 2000-12-28 |
ATE301881T1 (en) | 2005-08-15 |
US6259587B1 (en) | 2001-07-10 |
DE60021889D1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
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