EP1224151A1 - A high pressure and high temperature reaction system - Google Patents
A high pressure and high temperature reaction systemInfo
- Publication number
- EP1224151A1 EP1224151A1 EP00959090A EP00959090A EP1224151A1 EP 1224151 A1 EP1224151 A1 EP 1224151A1 EP 00959090 A EP00959090 A EP 00959090A EP 00959090 A EP00959090 A EP 00959090A EP 1224151 A1 EP1224151 A1 EP 1224151A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- conduit
- fluid
- temperature
- reaction system
- corrosive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/008—Processes carried out under supercritical conditions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
- B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
- B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/836—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers combining mixing with other treatments
- B01F33/8362—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers combining mixing with other treatments with chemical reactions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
- B01F35/91—Heating or cooling systems using gas or liquid injected into the material, e.g. using liquefied carbon dioxide or steam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/02—Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/26—Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/02—Feed or outlet devices therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/06—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
- C02F11/08—Wet air oxidation
- C02F11/086—Wet air oxidation in the supercritical state
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00054—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
- B01J2219/00056—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
- B01J2219/00058—Temperature measurement
- B01J2219/00063—Temperature measurement of the reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00245—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects
- B01J2219/00247—Fouling of the reactor or the process equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/0204—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components
- B01J2219/0218—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components of ceramic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/0204—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components
- B01J2219/0236—Metal based
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/025—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties characterised by the construction materials of the reactor vessel proper
- B01J2219/0277—Metal based
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to an apparatus for mitigation of corrosion in a high pressure and high temperature reaction system, specifically in a system suitable for oxidative waste treatment under supercritical water conditions.
- the invention relates further to the reaction system itself and to a method in said reaction system.
- SCWO supercritical water oxidation
- Supercritical water oxidation is a novel and advanced process for, inter alia, effective destruction of toxic substances, particularly organic pollutions, in wastewater and sludge.
- the process converts, fast and effectively, organic materials containing substantially carbon and hydrogen to carbon dioxide and water, at a temperature above the critical point of water
- Heavy metals present during the process are converted to their oxides whereas sulfur and phosphorous are converted to sulfate and phosphate, respectively.
- Halogens are converted to their corresponding acids, e.g., hydrochloric acid.
- Smaller amounts of nitrogen compounds, e.g. amines and ammonia, which exist in the waste material flow, are converted to molecular nitrogen, and not to NO ⁇ , which is an acidifying and fertilizing residual product and therefore undesirable in the effluent.
- the waste material contains large amounts of ammonia and/or organic nitrogen compounds, substantial amounts of the nitrogen source may be found in the effluent as ammonia as a result of the destruction process. This phenomenon is undesirable as ammonia constitutes a fertilizing compound. Besides, discharge of ammonia without further purifying is very often imposed with restrictions.
- the nitric acid has to be dosed with high accuracy relative to the amount of ammonia (a stoichiometric amount is needed) . If too little nitric acid is supplied, a remaining amount of ammonia will be left whereas too large amounts of nitric acid will result in an excess of nitrate in the effluent.
- nickel-based alloys such as Hastelloy or Inconel
- Acids and not at least nitric acid, are, however, in presence of oxygen strongly corrosive at high temperatures, though still subcritical ones, even if these corrosion resistant nickel alloys are used, see, e.g. The Corrosion of Nickel-base Alloy 625 in Sub- and Supercri tical Agueous Solutions of HN0 3 in the Presence of Oxygen, P. Kritzer et al., J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1999, in print, and references therein.
- the chlorine element As regards corrosion, generally the most troublesome compound in the supercritical water oxidation process is the chlorine element, since it is very common in various chemical substances. If the chlorine is present as an ion at elevated temperatures, it will corrode the construction materials mentioned above. The chlorine may have been an ion originally, liberated during heat up or in the reactor.
- US 5,358,645 issued to Hong et al. disclose an apparatus and process for high temperature water oxidation, the apparatus (not in detail described) having a surface area, that may be exposed to corrosive material, composed of zirconia based ceramics.
- the ceramics may be employed as coatings or linings.
- US 5,461,648 issued to Nauflett et al . disclose a supercritical water oxidation reactor with a corrosion-resistant lining.
- the inner surface of the reactor vessel is coated with artificial ceramic or diamond.
- a cylindrical baffle for introducing the oxygenating agent extends axially within the interior of the vessel and has its exterior surface inside the vessel coated with said artificial ceramic or diamond.
- US 5,552,039 issued to McBrayer, Jr. et al. disclose a turbulent flow cold-wall reactor. It mentions, inter alia, that if the atmosphere in the reaction chamber is harsh and corrosive, the inside wall of the reaction chamber should preferably be made of or covered with a coating or a liner withstanding the harsh atmosphere .
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for disposing of waste using said apparatus.
- An advantage of the present invention is that it allows the main parts of the reaction system, including the reactor itself, to be constructed of a relatively inexpensive material such as nickel based and nickel-chromium alloys, and still use or be able to treat corrosive materials in the process.
- Fig. 1 shows a simplified block diagram of a reaction system suitable for oxidative waste treatment under supercritical water conditions wherein the present invention may be employed.
- Fig. 2 shows, in cross-section, a first embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention.
- Fig. 3 shows, in cross-section, a second embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention.
- a conventional reaction system 10 comprises a primary tank 12, a heat exchanger 14, a heater 16 and a reaction chamber 18.
- a primary wastewater stream 20 passes initially through the first compartment (not shown) of the heat exchanger 14, then through the heater 16, and enters the reaction chamber 18 under pressure, after it has been mixed with oxidant coming through feed line 22.
- the organic matter contained in the primary waste stream 20 is oxidized, and in sequence, the hot effluence passes through the second compartment (not shown) of the heat exchanger 14.
- heat exchangers usually have two compartments, physically isolated from each other, which, however, are heat-communicating. The second compartment transfers heat to the first compartment.
- Constructing materials for the reactor and the tubing may comprise steel, nickel-based alloys, platinum, gold, titanium, zirconium, ceramics, ceramic composites and other corrosion resistant materials as the environment inside the reaction chamber and tubing may be hostile and corrosive.
- nickel based alloys such as Hastelloy or Inconel
- nitric acid As already discussed in the prior art, there is a number of species that are very aggressive relative to these nickel based alloys within a finite temperature range, among them nitric acid, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. All these three acids are strongly corrosive between about 270 and 380°C, but the corrosion rates for the latter two acids are lower by a factor of ten than the one found for nitric acid, see said Kritzer article.
- the present inventors have realized that if the initial temperatures and the temperature of the cooled effluent are kept preferably well below 270°C and the temperature in the reaction chamber is kept preferably above 380°C, there is generally only two sections of a reaction system made of nickel-based alloy that may be attacked by corrosive agents such as those mentioned above contained in, or supplied to, the wastewater flow, namely a "heating” section and a “cooling” section, where the temperatures are within the temperature interval of said corrosion.
- the present invention is thus concerned with such sections of the reaction system and how to design them in order to provide a reaction system of low cost and good corrosion resistance.
- the idea is to provide appropriate tubing (made of nickel based alloy or other, preferably relatively inexpensive, material that is not corrosive resistant) of the system with a corrosive resistant tube or liner.
- the number of tubes or liners, their positions and their lengths are chosen in order to protect the system from corroding.
- corrosion-resistant material refers to unconventional expensive material which is corrosion- resistant relative a wide variety of harsh media such as acids, particularly the acids discussed above, halogens and the like, respectively. Examples of corrosion-resistant materials will be given below.
- a first embodiment of the present invention depicts an apparatus 101 for introducing nitric acid in a supercritical water flow containing ammonia or ammonium with the purpose of converting this to molecular nitrogen.
- a separate tube or liner 105 of a corrosion resistant material is mounted, the outer surface of which is in fit with the inner surface of reaction system tube 103.
- tube 105 constitutes part of the reaction system tube 103 itself (not shown) .
- a feeding pipe 107 of relatively small diameter is mounted through an opening of tube 103 and extends substantially axially with tube 103 and liner 105, and which ends in the interior of tube 103.
- feeding pipe 107 and tube 103 are concentrically arranged for transportation of fluids, the former nitric acid and the latter preheated wastewater feed, in the same directions, as indicated by arrows 109-113.
- the temperature of the wastewater should preferably be above 380°C, and the temperature of the nitric acid should be low, preferably considerably lower than 270°C.
- the concentration of the corrosive agent is low, these temperature limits are not very crucial, i.e., the corrosion would be low at temperatures slightly lower than 380°C and, particularly, at temperatures slightly higher than 270°C, e.g., 300°C.
- the length of the liner 105 should be of at least this length, and it should be localized to protect the inner walls of tube 103 within this length.
- the liner 105 may have an offset 117 in the end facing the end of the feeding pipe, i.e. extend beyond (upstream of) said feeding pipe end to avoid any risk of corrosion in that region.
- the material of the liner and preferably of the feeding pipe is chosen according to its corrosion resistance relative nitric acid at the occurring temperatures.
- Literature data shows that titanium, generally, is a suitable material, but also materials such as zirconium, platinum, tantalum, niobium and ceramics may be chosen.
- the entire liner, or an inner coating thereof, may be constructed of such material.
- tube 103 is provided with an elbow at the downstream end of the mixing length to prevent liner 105 from moving further downstream.
- any suitable means for positioning and/or holding the liner e.g. flanges at the inner walls of tube 103, may be used.
- nitric acid may safely be introduced without severe corrosion of the reaction system.
- nitric acid and ammonia and/or ammonium will take part as early as in the section of the reaction system where the liner is localized, which further reduces the risk for severe corrosion.
- feeding pipe 107 and tube 103 of Fig. 2 may be arranged for transportation of a wastewater feed containing a corrosive agent such as a halogen, and water or a wastewater feed in lack of such a corrosive agent, respectively.
- a corrosive agent such as a halogen
- the water or wastewater in tube 103 is preferably at a supercritical temperature, whereas the corrosive wastewater may be cooler.
- a separate tube or liner 205 of a corrosion resistant material is mounted in a section of a reaction system tube 203, which is preferably at the effluent output or elsewhere in the exit path tubing.
- the outer surface of liner 205 is arranged to be in fit with the inner surface of the reaction system tube 203.
- a first input tube 207 is mounted through an opening of tube 203 and extends substantially axially, preferably concentrically, with tube 203 and liner 205, and which ends in the interior of tube 203.
- a second input tube 208 is connected to tube 203 upstream from said end of input tube 207.
- Input tube 207 and input tube 208 are arranged for transporting effluent from reactor 18 containing corrosive compounds such as nitric acid, sulfur acid, or the like, and quench water, respectively, in the directions as indicated by arrows 209-213.
- the effluent stream is supercritical or close to supercritical, and the temperature of the quench water is low, preferably at ambient temperature.
- the effluent input through tube 207 will be cooled effectively by the quench water and get mixed with it.
- the flow rates are such that the total flow (effluent and quench water) will have a temperature of below a certain temperature, e.g. 270°C, depending on concentration of corrosive compounds, after having reached a steady temperature state a certain distance 215 from the end of the input tube 207, said distance being referred to as the mixing length.
- the length of the liner 205 should be at least of this mixing length, and it should be localized to protect the inner walls of tube 203 within this length.
- the liner 203 may have an offset 217 in the end facing the end of tube 207, i.e. extend beyond (upstream of) said tube end, to avoid any risk of corrosion in that region.
- the material of the liner and preferably of tube 207, as well as suitable means for positioning and/or holding the liner in place may be chosen as in the first embodiment.
- the first and the second embodiments of the present invention may be modified to include a heat exchange for assisting in increasing or decreasing the temperature in tubes 103 and 203, respectively.
- the lengths of liners 105 and 205, respectively may be shortened.
- an effluent from the reactor containing chlorine ions is pre-cooled in a heat exchanger by part of the incoming waste stream, to a temperature well above 380°C, e.g., 400°C.
- the effluent is then cooled by an apparatus according to the present invention to a sufficient low temperature, e.g., 260°C, to minimize corrosion.
- the effluent water mixture is further cooled by the remaining of the waste stream.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9903113 | 1999-09-03 | ||
SE9903113A SE518803C2 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 1999-09-03 | Method and reaction system with high pressure and high temperature suitable for supercritical water oxidation |
PCT/SE2000/001675 WO2001017915A1 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2000-08-31 | A high pressure and high temperature reaction system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1224151A1 true EP1224151A1 (en) | 2002-07-24 |
EP1224151B1 EP1224151B1 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
Family
ID=20416843
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00959090A Expired - Lifetime EP1224151B1 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2000-08-31 | A high pressure and high temperature reaction system |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6958122B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1224151B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4752074B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE279377T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU7047300A (en) |
DE (1) | DE60014943T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2231249T3 (en) |
SE (1) | SE518803C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001017915A1 (en) |
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US6475396B1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2002-11-05 | Hydroprocessing, Llc | Apparatus and method for applying an oxidant in a hydrothermal oxidation process |
FR2871794B1 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2007-07-20 | Centre Nat Rech Scient Cnrse | PROCESS FOR TREATING AQUEOUS EFFLUENTS COMPRISING METALLIC SALTS OF NITRATE OR NITRITE TYPE |
ITMI20041240A1 (en) * | 2004-06-21 | 2004-09-21 | 3V Green Eagle S P A | PARTICULAR COATING FOR EQUIPMENT TO REALIZE OXIDATIVE PROCESSES AND EQUIPMENT INCLUDING SUCH COATING |
FR2874513B1 (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2006-11-03 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | DIPOSITIVE AND PLANT FOR INJECTING PARTICULATE MATERIALS IN AN ENCLOSURE AND ASSOCIATED METHOD. |
AU2004322947B2 (en) | 2004-09-01 | 2010-05-13 | Hatch Ltd. | Composite sparger |
US7976774B2 (en) | 2004-09-01 | 2011-07-12 | Hatch Ltd. | Composite sparger |
SE529428C2 (en) * | 2006-05-02 | 2007-08-07 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Austenitic stainless steel alloy component, e.g. tube, for use in supercritical water oxidation plants comprises predetermined amounts of chromium and nickel |
IL173547A0 (en) * | 2006-02-06 | 2006-07-05 | Pyernik Rutman | Supercritical oxidation process for the treatment of corrosive materials |
US7998418B1 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2011-08-16 | Nanotek, Llc | Evaporator and concentrator in reactor and loading system |
US7641860B2 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2010-01-05 | Nanotek, Llc | Modular and reconfigurable multi-stage microreactor cartridge apparatus |
US7854902B2 (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2010-12-21 | Nanotek, Llc | Modular and reconfigurable multi-stage high temperature microreactor cartridge apparatus and system for using same |
US7615385B2 (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2009-11-10 | Hypres, Inc | Double-masking technique for increasing fabrication yield in superconducting electronics |
WO2008118808A1 (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2008-10-02 | Advion Bioscience, Inc. | Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |
JP2012522635A (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2012-09-27 | アース・リニューアル・グループ,エルエルシー | Improved aqueous phase oxidation process |
US9272936B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2016-03-01 | Earth Renewal Group, Llc | Waste treatment process |
US8481800B2 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2013-07-09 | Earth Renewal Group, Llc | Aqueous phase oxidation process |
US7915474B2 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2011-03-29 | Earth Renewal Group, Llc | Aqueous phase oxidation process |
US8168847B2 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2012-05-01 | Earth Renewal Group, Llc | Aqueous phase oxidation process |
US7951988B2 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2011-05-31 | Earth Renewal Group, Llc | Aqueous phase oxidation process |
US8115047B2 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2012-02-14 | Earth Renewal Group, Llc | Aqueous phase oxidation process |
JP5563663B2 (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2014-07-30 | アンガス ケミカル カンパニー | Isothermal reactor for hydrocarbon nitration |
JP5630152B2 (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2014-11-26 | 株式会社リコー | Waste liquid treatment equipment |
CN105163841A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2015-12-16 | 英派尔科技开发有限公司 | System and method for reducing corrosion in a reactor system using corrosion protection layers |
WO2015016931A1 (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2015-02-05 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Corrosion-resisant surfaces for reactors |
US10221488B2 (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2019-03-05 | General Electric Company | Supercritical water method for treating internal passages |
KR20170050076A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2017-05-11 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Mixer and reactor comprising the same |
CN105731626A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-07-06 | 东莞道汇环保科技有限公司 | Wastewater treatment system |
WO2020264530A1 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-30 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Destruction of pfas via an oxidation process and apparatus suitable for transportation to contaminated sites |
CN111762867B (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2021-10-08 | 西安交通大学 | Supercritical water oxidation evaporation wall type reactor |
WO2023196883A1 (en) * | 2022-04-05 | 2023-10-12 | Revive Environmental Technology, Llc | Preventing hydrogen embrittlement during supercritical water oxidation (scwo) of pfas |
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- 2000-08-31 WO PCT/SE2000/001675 patent/WO2001017915A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2000-08-31 JP JP2001521665A patent/JP4752074B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-31 AU AU70473/00A patent/AU7047300A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-31 DE DE60014943T patent/DE60014943T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-31 ES ES00959090T patent/ES2231249T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-31 EP EP00959090A patent/EP1224151B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-31 AT AT00959090T patent/ATE279377T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
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DE60014943D1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
ES2231249T3 (en) | 2005-05-16 |
AU7047300A (en) | 2001-04-10 |
WO2001017915A1 (en) | 2001-03-15 |
EP1224151B1 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
SE9903113L (en) | 2001-03-04 |
SE9903113D0 (en) | 1999-09-03 |
SE518803C2 (en) | 2002-11-26 |
JP4752074B2 (en) | 2011-08-17 |
JP2003508222A (en) | 2003-03-04 |
DE60014943T2 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
ATE279377T1 (en) | 2004-10-15 |
US6958122B1 (en) | 2005-10-25 |
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