EP2166178A2 - Separator - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2166178A2
EP2166178A2 EP09011922A EP09011922A EP2166178A2 EP 2166178 A2 EP2166178 A2 EP 2166178A2 EP 09011922 A EP09011922 A EP 09011922A EP 09011922 A EP09011922 A EP 09011922A EP 2166178 A2 EP2166178 A2 EP 2166178A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rods
spacer
bars
spacer according
wall elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09011922A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2166178A3 (en
EP2166178B1 (en
Inventor
Felix Von Limburg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BT Innovation GmbH
Original Assignee
BT Innovation GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BT Innovation GmbH filed Critical BT Innovation GmbH
Publication of EP2166178A2 publication Critical patent/EP2166178A2/en
Publication of EP2166178A3 publication Critical patent/EP2166178A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2166178B1 publication Critical patent/EP2166178B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • E04G11/08—Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring
    • E04G11/18—Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring for double walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/028—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members for double - wall articles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • E04C2002/045—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete with two parallel leaves connected by tie anchors
    • E04C2002/047—Pin or rod shaped anchors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spacer, preferably for the manufacture of hollow wall elements or multi-layer wall elements.
  • spacers are well known in the art and are also referred to as anchors. They usually consist of a substantially U-shaped metal rod which extends between two spaced-apart wall elements of a hollow wall element or multi-layer wall element. In hollow wall elements, the wall elements are spaced from each other. In multi-layer wall elements, there is an insulating layer between the wall elements. Such multi-layer wall elements are also referred to as sandwich wall. In addition, there are also mixed forms, in which a hollow wall element also has insulation between the wall elements.
  • the wall elements are usually made of concrete. The hollow wall element is produced in a known manner. First, a formwork is placed on a formwork support, then possibly inserted the reinforcing bars of steel or the like and then filled the formwork with concrete.
  • the U-shaped spacer is inserted and positioned with one leg in the concrete.
  • a plurality of spacers are provided to thereby realize a stable bond between the wall elements.
  • the formwork is removed, so that a finished wall element is formed, from which the spacer, preferably a plurality of spacers, at least partially protrude.
  • a second formwork is placed on a formwork support. Reinforcement mats, reinforcing bars and the like can also be introduced into this formwork if necessary for reinforcing the wall element.
  • the second mold is also filled with concrete.
  • the already completed first wall element is raised and turned and positioned in such a way that it is located above and at a distance from the second wall element to be manufactured, with the other leg of the U-shaped spacer in the Concrete of the second wall element to be produced dips.
  • This process is also known as objection.
  • the second formwork can be removed.
  • a hollow wall element was created, which consists of two spaced, substantially mutually parallel wall elements, which are connected via the spacers are.
  • an insulating layer is applied after the production of the first wall element, which is pierced by the spacer.
  • the spacers can serve not only to position the wall elements at a distance, but also to raise the cavity wall element on the site.
  • a lifting device for. As a crane, can act on one or more of the spacers, so that the hollow wall element can be raised and brought to the desired location on the site.
  • the advantage of such hollow wall elements is their ease of use and the relatively low weight.
  • the construction of walls on the construction site is simplified, since the hollow wall elements at the same time as formwork for the filling materials attached between the wall elements, such. In-situ concrete serve.
  • these hollow wall elements allow a very cost-effective industrial prefabrication. This can significantly reduce the cost of building construction.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to improve spacers of the type mentioned, so that on the one hand the strength of the hollow wall elements or multilayer wall elements to be produced can be improved and on the other hand, the manufacturing accuracy can be increased.
  • a spacer of the type mentioned above with at least three rods which are interconnected and each rod has at least one support portion and the support portions of the three rods are spaced from each other, thereby forming a support plane.
  • This solution is simple and has the advantage that by forming a support plane, the spacers can be used to more accurately position the wall elements to one another.
  • the spacers When producing the first wall element z. B. the spacers are so far immersed in the liquid concrete until it touches the formwork support. After curing and applying the first wall element in the formwork of the second wall element, the exact distance of the first wall element to the second wall element can be determined based on the spacer.
  • a spacer now has at least three bars, it is also possible to significantly improve the pull-out strength compared to known spacers. For example, the number of required spacers for producing a hollow wall element can be reduced thereby.
  • forces can be better absorbed parallel to the wall elements by the novel spacer. This is particularly advantageous in the case of multi-layer wall elements in which a facade can be formed from the wall elements.
  • a particularly simple spacer can be achieved when the three bars are substantially straight.
  • the three rods preferably the three rods, include a preferably acute angle ⁇ .
  • the pull-out strength of the spacer can be significantly increased.
  • a simple design of the spacer can be achieved if the support portions of the rods are formed by the end portions.
  • At least one rod preferably all rods
  • the support planes are parallel to each other.
  • the spacer can be used more universally. In particular, this allows the distance between two wall elements set exactly because the spacer can be used on both sides in liquid concrete until it on the Shuttering pad meets. As a result, an exact positioning of the two wall elements to each other can be realized with little effort.
  • connection arrangement which connects the three bars together.
  • the connecting device has a ring through which the rods extend. This makes it possible to realize a stable unit in a particularly simple manner.
  • the ring may also have a different shape from the geometry of an exact ring, but should completely surround the bars.
  • the ring is arranged approximately centrally in the longitudinal direction of the rods on the rods. Through the ring can create a bottleneck, which allows in particular to position a crane hook approximately in the middle between the wall elements when the hollow wall elements to be raised. To increase the strength, the ring can be firmly connected to the rods.
  • the rods can be made of stainless steel.
  • Stainless steel has the advantage of not rusting. This makes it possible to press the spacer in liquid concrete down to the formwork underlay. Although the spacer is then visible on the finished wall element, on the other hand there is no risk of rusting compared to conventional spacers.
  • the ring comprises metal, preferably consists thereof.
  • the rods and / or the ring made of plastic preferably glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) exist.
  • GRP glass fiber reinforced plastic
  • carbon fiber materials are also conceivable.
  • the advantage of a plastic spacer is that it can also be pushed so far into the liquid concrete until it touches the formwork with the support sections. Although the spacer is then visible on the finished hollow or multi-layer wall element from the outside, on the other hand caused by the use of plastic no cold bridges. In addition, there is no risk of rust.
  • the spacer may have at least four bars. As a result, the strength of the spacer can be further increased.
  • the connecting means may extend between the bars.
  • the connecting element can be placed between the bars, thereby spacing the bars as far as possible from one another.
  • the connector may preferably extend substantially crosswise between the rods and connect the rods together.
  • the connecting device can be offset in the longitudinal direction of the rods to the middle of the rod, but be arranged between the end portions of the rods. In this way it is possible to move the connecting device into one of the wall elements, so that the connecting device is not or only partially visible on the finished hollow or multi-layer wall element. As a result, the pull-out strength of the spacers from a wall element can be increased in a targeted manner.
  • the distance of the end portions of the rod on one side of the connecting device may be greater than on the other side.
  • the distance between the end sections which are closer to the connection device can be smaller than the distance between the end sections which are further away from the connection device.
  • hollow wall elements whose wall elements have different thicknesses such an embodiment may prove advantageous.
  • the rods are arranged substantially on a truncated pyramid mantle. It is advantageously possible to make the spacers symmetrical, as a result of which the force profile can be introduced symmetrically into the spacer, so that the strength of the hollow or multilayer wall elements can be increased.
  • a geometric embodiment can be realized, the two aligned pyramids or Tetrahedron corresponds, the tip of which are arranged substantially in the region of the connecting device. In such embodiments, it may be beneficial to produce such geometric arrangements if the bars are all the same length.
  • the spacer can be made in one piece with rods and connecting device, preferably by injection molding.
  • the bars may prove advantageous if the bars have holding profiles or whose surface is profiled. This also increases the pull-out strength.
  • rods are sharpened or beveled at the end portions. This can improve the positioning accuracy.
  • a hollow or multi-layer wall element is provided under protection, which have at least two spaced-apart wall elements, of which at least one preferably has concrete, and between which extends at least in sections, an inventive spacer.
  • the connecting device can be arranged between the wall elements.
  • the connecting device is arranged at least in sections in one of the wall elements. It may also prove to be advantageous if at least one support plane is arranged in a plane of an outer wall of a wall element.
  • a method for the production of a hollow or multi-layer wall element having at least two spaced-apart wall elements, between which extends at least one inventive spacer, wherein the spacer in the manufacture of at least one of the wall elements with a formwork base on which the produced Wall element is located, at least indirectly or preferably brought directly into contact.
  • Fig. 1 shows a spacer 1 according to the invention, which has three bars 2.
  • the rods extend through a connecting device 3 embodied as a ring.
  • the rods 2 are arranged relative to one another such that all three rods touch each other in the region of the connecting device 3.
  • the connecting device 3 is fixedly connected to the rods 2.
  • Each rod has two end portions 4 at opposite ends forming support portions 5.
  • the end sections 4 are each slightly conically converging, that is sharpened, with circular-face-shaped end faces 6.
  • the bars each have a spirally running profiling 7.
  • the connecting device 3 is arranged substantially centrally in the longitudinal direction of one of the rods.
  • Fig. 5 an embodiment is shown in which the connecting means is offset to an end portion of a rod.
  • All rods are essentially the same length and each two of the rods include an acute angle ⁇ of about 10-30 ° to each other.
  • the support portions 5 of the bars are each spaced from each other, so that support levels 8 form.
  • the support elements 8 are shown in dashed lines. In the presentation in the Fig. 1 resulting from three support sections 5 on each side of the connecting device 3, the support levels.
  • the spacer 1 As materials for the spacer 1 are stainless steels, z. B. stainless steel. Particularly preferred are rods made of plastic, preferably made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. Alternatively, carbon fiber reinforcements are conceivable. In particular, plastics are suitable which can be processed by means of an injection molding process.
  • the annular connecting device 3 may be made of any metal. Preferably, however, the same materials as for the rods 2 can be used.
  • the Fig. 3 shows a spacer according to the invention in the installed state.
  • a hollow wall element 10 is shown schematically in a sectional view, wherein the spacer is also shown schematically.
  • the not visible in the sectional view part is shown in dashed lines.
  • the hollow wall element 10 consists of two wall elements 11, which are spaced apart and between which a cavity is arranged. In this cavity is z. B. attached to one of the wall elements insulation. While the wall elements 11 are preferably made of concrete, the insulation z. B. from Styrofoam, foam or glass wool and the like. Exist.
  • the spacer 1 is fixedly connected to the wall elements 11, in particular it is cast.
  • a formwork 13 on the formwork support 9 which is designed substantially frame-shaped with an internal dimension of about 2.5, x 2.5 m.
  • this formwork 13 first - as far as necessary - reinforcing mats and reinforcing bars inserted in a known manner crossing each other.
  • the formwork 13 is filled with concrete, as it is in Fig. 7 is shown.
  • the spacer 1 is adjusted, wherein it rests with its support portions 5 on the formwork support 9.
  • the spacer 1 stands upright on the formwork support 9, wherein the corresponding support plane substantially coincides with the outside of the wall element after its completion.
  • the formwork 13 is removed.
  • a second wall element 11 is prepared, in which on the shuttering pad 9, a further formwork 13, or the same formwork 13, is placed. Reinforcing bars or reinforcing mats are inserted in the usual manner - as far as necessary.
  • the concrete is added.
  • the first wall element is turned into the second wall element, as in Fig. 8 is shown raised on the spacers and transferred to a suction reverser, not shown, which holds the wall element on the short side.
  • the first wall element 11 is rotated and the protruding spacer 1 is pressed with the remaining support sections in the concrete so that it comes into contact with the shuttering pad 9. Then the configuration is like in Fig. 8 given.
  • the formwork 13 is removed, so that a hollow wall element according to Fig. 9 is present.
  • a plurality of spacers are provided, so that a solid bond between the opposing wall elements 11 is formed.
  • the hollow wall element can now be positioned at the desired location. Subsequently, the cavity is filled with concrete or the like.
  • the spacer By using the spacer according to the invention, on the one hand, a high pull-out strength is ensured since it is not possible to pull out the spacer 1 due to the bars 2 arranged at an angle to one another. Due to the large immersion depth, a solid bond is achieved. At the same time, it is possible to press the spacer into the still liquid concrete of the second wall element, especially when invoking, wherein the reinforcing mats, reinforcing bars can be slightly displaced.
  • the spacer is designed so that it positions the two wall elements exactly to each other after the objection, wherein the support surfaces are located substantially in the plane of the outer surfaces 14 of the wall elements. If one uses a plurality of spaced apart spacers 1, this simultaneously ensures a large parallelism of the wall elements 11 to each other.
  • the connecting device is substantially visible between the wall elements. This makes it readily possible to attach a hook there to lift the hollow wall element can.
  • the spacer 1 is in Fig. 3 thinnest in the region of the connecting device 3.
  • FIG. 5 an alternative embodiment is described, in which the connecting device is arranged offset to one side of the spacer 1. This makes it possible that the connecting device disappears completely in the concrete of one of the wall elements.
  • one of the wall elements has a greater thickness than the other wall element.
  • the cavity between the wall elements 11 is filled with insulating material.
  • Such hollow wall elements are referred to as so-called multi-layer or sandwich wall.
  • For the preparation of an insulating material is applied to the first wall element.
  • the spacer is pushed through the insulating material and pressed into the liquid concrete. Subsequently, the second wall element is poured. There is no objection.
  • the thick wall element serves as a wall and the thin wall element as a facade.
  • the spacer 1 of the second embodiment has four bars 2. In principle, it is also conceivable to carry out such a spacer with three bars or with a plurality of bars.
  • the connecting device 3 is arranged between the bars.
  • the connecting device 3 is designed substantially cross-shaped and connects the rods 2 together. Also, the connecting device 3 is clearly offset to one side of the rods, so that the distance from the end portion to the connecting device on one side of a rod is greater than on the other side.
  • the arrangement of the rods takes place in the manner of a truncated pyramid. That is, the end portions on one side of the rods are closer together than on the other side.
  • the end sections or the support sections 5 are closer to one another on the side of the connection device, which are arranged closer to the connection device than on the side of the rods which is farther away from the connection device 3.
  • rods are not round, but formed with a rectangular or square cross-section. In the area of the end sections they are bevelled. Furthermore, they have jagged profiles 7 on the outside.
  • the rods 2 and the connecting device 3 are formed substantially in one piece and are made in particular of plastic.
  • plastic glass fiber reinforced plastic or carbon fiber reinforced plastic can be used as a suitable plastic glass fiber reinforced plastic or carbon fiber reinforced plastic.
  • the Fig. 4 shows a hollow wall element 10 and the Fig. 6 a multi-layer wall element (sandwich wall) with spacers according to the second embodiment.
  • a multi-layer wall element spacers according to the second embodiment.
  • the connecting device 3 between the wall elements 11 and in the case of Fig. 6 is the connecting device 3 within the thicker wall element.
  • a hollow wall element 10 takes place in the same manner as in the FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 was realized in connection with the first embodiment. Also arise with the spacer according to the second embodiment, the same advantages, namely simple and cost-effective production of the spacer, high pull-out strength and accurate positioning. Also in the second embodiment, the support planes are each positioned substantially in the plane of the outer surface of the wall elements.
  • the support sections 5 are arranged within the wall elements 11, so that they are not visible from the outside.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

The spacer (1) has three bars (2) connected with each other using a connecting device (3), where each bar has a respective supporting section (5). The supporting sections form a supporting plane (8) of the bars. The connecting device is provided with a ring, through which the bars extend such that the bars are firmly connected with the ring, where the ring is arranged in a longitudinal direction of the bars. The ring and the bars are formed from stainless steel or glass fiber reinforced plastic. An independent claim is also included for a method for producing hollow and multi layer walls.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Abstandhalter, vorzugsweise für die Herstellung von Hohlwandelementen oder Mehrschichtwandelementen.The present invention relates to a spacer, preferably for the manufacture of hollow wall elements or multi-layer wall elements.

Derartige Abstandhalter sind aus dem Stand der Technik allgemein bekannt und werden auch als Anker bezeichnet. Sie bestehen üblicherweise aus einem im wesentlichen U-förmig gebogenen Metallstab, der sich zwischen zwei voneinander beabstandeten Wandelementen eines Hohlwandelementes oder Mehrschichtwandelementes erstreckt. Bei Hohlwandelemente sind die Wandelemente voneinander beabstandet. Bei Mehrschichtwandelementen befindet sich zwischen den Wandelementen eine Isolierschicht. Solche Mehrschichtwandelemente werden auch als Sandwichwand bezeichnet. Darüber hinaus existieren auch Mischformen, bei dem ein Hohlwandelement auch eine Isolierung zwischen den Wandelementen aufweist. Die Wandelemente bestehen zumeist aus Beton. Das Hohlwandelement wird in bekannter Weise hergestellt. Zunächst wird eine Schalung auf eine Schalungsunterlage aufgelegt, dann ggf. die Bewehrungsstäbe aus Stahl oder dergleichen eingelegt und die Schalung anschließend mit Beton ausgefüllt. Während der Beton noch flüssig ist wird der U-förmige Abstandhalter mit einem Schenkel in den Beton eingelegt und positioniert. Vorzugsweise sind mehrere Abstandhalter vorgesehen, um dadurch einen stabilen Verbund zwischen den Wandelementen zu verwirklichen. Nach dem Aushärten wird die Schalung entfernt, so dass ein fertiges Wandelement entsteht, aus dem der Abstandhalter, vorzugsweise mehrere Abstandhalter, zumindest teilweise hervorstehen. Anschließend wird auf einer Schalungsunterlage eine zweite Schalung angeordnet. Auch in diese Schalung können ggf. Bewehrungsmatten, Bewehrungsstäbe und dgl. zur Verstärkung des Wandelementes eingebracht werden. Anschließend wird die zweite Form ebenfalls mit Beton ausgefüllt. Noch während der Beton flüssig ist, wird das bereits fertig gestellte erste Wandelement angehoben und gewendet und in solch einer Weise positioniert, dass es oberhalb und mit Abstand gegenüber dem zu fertigenden zweiten Wandelement angeordnet ist, wobei der andere Schenkel des U-förmigen Abstandhalter in den Beton des zu fertigenden zweiten Wandelementes eintaucht. Dieser Vorgang wird auch als Einwenden bezeichnet. Nach dem Aushärten des Betons kann die zweite Schalung entfernt werden. Auf diese Weise wurde ein Hohlwandelement erzeugt, das aus zwei voneinander beabstandeten, im wesentlichen parallel zueinander verlaufenden Wandelementen besteht, die über die Abstandhalter verbunden sind. Im Falle von Mehrschichtwandelementen wird nach der Herstellung des ersten Wandelementes eine Isolierschicht aufgebracht, die vom Abstandhalter durchstoßen wird.Such spacers are well known in the art and are also referred to as anchors. They usually consist of a substantially U-shaped metal rod which extends between two spaced-apart wall elements of a hollow wall element or multi-layer wall element. In hollow wall elements, the wall elements are spaced from each other. In multi-layer wall elements, there is an insulating layer between the wall elements. Such multi-layer wall elements are also referred to as sandwich wall. In addition, there are also mixed forms, in which a hollow wall element also has insulation between the wall elements. The wall elements are usually made of concrete. The hollow wall element is produced in a known manner. First, a formwork is placed on a formwork support, then possibly inserted the reinforcing bars of steel or the like and then filled the formwork with concrete. While the concrete is still fluid, the U-shaped spacer is inserted and positioned with one leg in the concrete. Preferably, a plurality of spacers are provided to thereby realize a stable bond between the wall elements. After curing, the formwork is removed, so that a finished wall element is formed, from which the spacer, preferably a plurality of spacers, at least partially protrude. Subsequently, a second formwork is placed on a formwork support. Reinforcement mats, reinforcing bars and the like can also be introduced into this formwork if necessary for reinforcing the wall element. Subsequently, the second mold is also filled with concrete. Even while the concrete is fluid, the already completed first wall element is raised and turned and positioned in such a way that it is located above and at a distance from the second wall element to be manufactured, with the other leg of the U-shaped spacer in the Concrete of the second wall element to be produced dips. This process is also known as objection. After hardening of the concrete, the second formwork can be removed. In this way, a hollow wall element was created, which consists of two spaced, substantially mutually parallel wall elements, which are connected via the spacers are. In the case of multi-layer wall elements, an insulating layer is applied after the production of the first wall element, which is pierced by the spacer.

Die Abstandhalter können nicht nur dazu dienen, die Wandelemente auf Abstand zu positionieren, sondern auch dazu, das Hohlwandelement auf der Baustelle anzuheben. Eine Hebeeinrichtung, z. B. ein Kran, kann an einem oder mehreren der Abstandhaltern angreifen, so dass das Hohlwandelement angehoben und an die gewünschte Stelle auf der Baustelle gebracht werden kann. Sobald das Hohlwandelement seine Endlage erreicht hat, um z. B. im Verbund mit mehreren anderen Hohlwandelementen eine Hohlwand zu bilden, kann diese bekannterweise mit Ortbeton und/oder Isoliermaterialien gefüllt werden. Der Vorteil derartiger Hohlwandelemente ist ihre einfache Handhabung und das vergleichsweise geringe Gewicht. Zudem vereinfacht sich die Herstellung von Wänden auf der Baustelle, da die Hohlwandelemente gleichzeitig als Schalung für die zwischen den Wandelementen angebrachten Füllmaterialien, wie z.B. Ortbeton dienen. Darüber hinaus erlauben diese Hohlwandelemente eine sehr kostengünstige industrielle Vorfertigung. Dadurch lassen sich die Baukosten zum Erstellen von Gebäuden erheblich senken.The spacers can serve not only to position the wall elements at a distance, but also to raise the cavity wall element on the site. A lifting device, for. As a crane, can act on one or more of the spacers, so that the hollow wall element can be raised and brought to the desired location on the site. Once the hollow wall element has reached its end position to z. B. in combination with several other hollow wall elements to form a cavity wall, this can be known to be filled with in-situ concrete and / or insulating materials. The advantage of such hollow wall elements is their ease of use and the relatively low weight. In addition, the construction of walls on the construction site is simplified, since the hollow wall elements at the same time as formwork for the filling materials attached between the wall elements, such. In-situ concrete serve. In addition, these hollow wall elements allow a very cost-effective industrial prefabrication. This can significantly reduce the cost of building construction.

Allerdings hat sich im Betrieb gezeigt, dass die Ausreißfestigkeit der Abstandhalter nicht immer gewährleistet ist. Beschädigungen an den Wandelementen werden häufig auf der Baustelle nur unzureichend repariert mit nachteiligen Folgen für die Festigkeit des Wandelementes. Auch hat sich gezeigt, dass die Genauigkeit bei der Fertigung derartiger Hohlwände nicht immer den gewünschten Anforderungen entspricht. Dies trifft ebenso auf Mehrschichtwandelemente zu.However, it has been shown during operation that the pull-out strength of the spacers is not always guaranteed. Damage to the wall elements are often insufficiently repaired at the site with adverse consequences for the strength of the wall element. It has also been found that the accuracy in the production of such hollow walls does not always meet the desired requirements. This also applies to multi-layer wall elements.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, Abstandhalter der eingangs genannten Art zu verbessern, so dass einerseits die Festigkeit der herzustellenden Hohlwandelemente oder Mehrschichtwandelemente verbessert werden kann und andererseits die Herstellungsgenauigkeit erhöht werden kann.The object of the invention is therefore to improve spacers of the type mentioned, so that on the one hand the strength of the hollow wall elements or multilayer wall elements to be produced can be improved and on the other hand, the manufacturing accuracy can be increased.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch einen Abstandhalter der eingangs erwähnte Art mit wenigstens drei Stäben, die miteinander verbunden sind und jeder Stab zumindest einen Stützabschnitt aufweist und die Stützabschnitte der drei Stäbe voneinander beabstandet sind, um dadurch eine Stützebene zu bilden.This object is achieved by a spacer of the type mentioned above with at least three rods which are interconnected and each rod has at least one support portion and the support portions of the three rods are spaced from each other, thereby forming a support plane.

Diese Lösung ist einfach und hat den Vorteil, dass durch Ausbilden einer Stützebene die Abstandhalter dazu verwendet werden können, die Wandelemente genauer zueinander positionieren. Beim Herstellen des ersten Wandelementes kann z. B. der Abstandhalter so weit in den flüssigen Beton eingetaucht werden, bis er die Schalungsunterlage berührt. Nach dem Aushärten und Einwenden des ersten Wandelementes in die Schalung des zweiten Wandelementes kann anhand des Abstandhalters der genaue Abstand des ersten Wandelementes zum zweiten Wandelement ermittelt werden. Dadurch, dass ein Abstandhalter nunmehr zumindest drei Stäbe aufweist, kann zudem die Ausreißfestigkeit gegenüber bekannten Abstandhaltern deutlich verbessert werden. Z. B. kann die Anzahl erforderlicher Abstandhalter zum Herstellen eines Hohlwandelementes dadurch verringert werden. Zudem können durch den neuartigen Abstandhalter auch Kräfte parallel zu den Wandelementen besser aufgenommen werden. Dies ist insbesondere bei den Mehrschichtwandelementen von Vorteil, bei denen aus den Wandelementen eine Fassade gebildet kann.This solution is simple and has the advantage that by forming a support plane, the spacers can be used to more accurately position the wall elements to one another. When producing the first wall element z. B. the spacers are so far immersed in the liquid concrete until it touches the formwork support. After curing and applying the first wall element in the formwork of the second wall element, the exact distance of the first wall element to the second wall element can be determined based on the spacer. By virtue of the fact that a spacer now has at least three bars, it is also possible to significantly improve the pull-out strength compared to known spacers. For example, the number of required spacers for producing a hollow wall element can be reduced thereby. In addition, forces can be better absorbed parallel to the wall elements by the novel spacer. This is particularly advantageous in the case of multi-layer wall elements in which a facade can be formed from the wall elements.

Ein besonders einfacher Abstandhalter lässt sich erreichen, wenn die drei Stäbe im wesentlichen gerade sind.A particularly simple spacer can be achieved when the three bars are substantially straight.

Auch kann es sich als vorteilhaft erweisen, wenn zumindest zwei der drei Stäbe, vorzugsweise die drei Stäbe, einen vorzugsweise spitzen Winkel α einschließen. Durch diese Gestaltung lässt sich die Ausreißfestigkeit des Abstandhalters deutlich erhöhen.It may also prove advantageous if at least two of the three rods, preferably the three rods, include a preferably acute angle α. By this design, the pull-out strength of the spacer can be significantly increased.

Eine einfache Gestaltung des Abstandhalters lässt sich erreichen, wenn die Stützabschnitte der Stäbe durch deren Endabschnitte gebildet werden.A simple design of the spacer can be achieved if the support portions of the rods are formed by the end portions.

Auch kann es sich als vorteilhaft erweisen, die Stäbe fest miteinander zu verbinden. Dadurch lässt sich die Gesamtsteifigkeit des Abstandhalters verbessern.It may also prove advantageous to connect the rods firmly together. This can improve the overall rigidity of the spacer.

Um eine möglichst kompakte und steife Einheit des Abstandhalters zu bekommen, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn sich zumindest zwei - vorzugsweise drei - der Stäbe einander berühren.In order to obtain the most compact and rigid unit of the spacer, it is advantageous if at least two - preferably three - of the bars touch each other.

Weiterhin kann es sich als vorteilhaft erweisen, wenn zumindest ein Stab, vorzugsweise alle Stäbe, wenigstens zwei Stützabschnitte aufweisen, die durch einander gegenüberliegende Endabschnitte gebildet werden. Dadurch lässt sich einerseits eine besonders einfache Gestaltung der Abstandhalter verwirklichen, andererseits lassen sich auf diese Weise zwei einander gegenüberliegende Stützebenen erzielen. Von Vorteil kann es dabei sein, wenn die Stützebenen parallel zueinander sind. Dann lässt sich der Abstandhalter universeller einsetzen. Insbesondere ermöglicht dies den Abstand zweier Wandelemente genau einzustellen, da der Abstandhalter beidseitig in flüssigem Beton eingesetzt werden kann, bis er auf die Schalungsunterlage trifft. Dadurch lässt sich mit geringem Aufwand ein exaktes Positionieren der beiden Wandelemente zueinander verwirklichen.Furthermore, it may prove to be advantageous if at least one rod, preferably all rods, have at least two support sections, which are formed by mutually opposite end sections. As a result, on the one hand a particularly simple design of the spacers can be realized, on the other hand can be achieved in this way two opposing support levels. It may be advantageous if the support planes are parallel to each other. Then the spacer can be used more universally. In particular, this allows the distance between two wall elements set exactly because the spacer can be used on both sides in liquid concrete until it on the Shuttering pad meets. As a result, an exact positioning of the two wall elements to each other can be realized with little effort.

Um die Festigkeit des Abstandhalters zu verbessern, kann eine Verbindungsanordnung vorgesehen sein, welche die drei Stäbe miteinander verbindet.In order to improve the strength of the spacer, a connection arrangement may be provided which connects the three bars together.

Von Vorteil kann es daher sein, wenn die Verbindungseinrichtung einen Ring aufweist, durch welchen sich die Stäbe hindurch erstrecken. So lässt sich auf besonders einfache Weise eine stabile Einheit realisieren. Der Ring kann auch einer von der Geometrie eines exakten Ringes abweichenden Form aufweisen, soll jedoch die Stäbe vollständig umgeben.It can therefore be advantageous if the connecting device has a ring through which the rods extend. This makes it possible to realize a stable unit in a particularly simple manner. The ring may also have a different shape from the geometry of an exact ring, but should completely surround the bars.

Von Vorteil kann es dabei sein, wenn der Ring in etwa mittig in Längsrichtung der Stäbe an den Stäben angeordnet ist. Durch den Ring lässt sich eine Engstelle erzeugen, die es erlaubt insbesondere einen Kranhaken in etwa mittig zwischen den Wandelementen zu positionieren, wenn die Hohlwandelemente angehoben werden sollen. Um die Festigkeit zu erhöhen, kann der Ring mit den Stäben fest verbunden sein.It may be advantageous if the ring is arranged approximately centrally in the longitudinal direction of the rods on the rods. Through the ring can create a bottleneck, which allows in particular to position a crane hook approximately in the middle between the wall elements when the hollow wall elements to be raised. To increase the strength, the ring can be firmly connected to the rods.

In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung können die Stäbe aus Edelstahl gefertigt sein. Edelstahl hat den Vorteil, nicht zu rosten. Dadurch ist es möglich, den Abstandhalter in flüssigem Beton bis auf die Schalungsunterlage zu drücken. Der Abstandhalter ist dann zwar am fertigen Wandelement sichtbar, andererseits besteht gegenüber herkömmlichen Abstandhaltern keine Gefahr des Rostens.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the rods can be made of stainless steel. Stainless steel has the advantage of not rusting. This makes it possible to press the spacer in liquid concrete down to the formwork underlay. Although the spacer is then visible on the finished wall element, on the other hand there is no risk of rusting compared to conventional spacers.

Um die Festigkeit zu erhöhen, kann es weiterhin vorteilhaft sein, wenn der Ring Metall aufweist, vorzugsweise daraus besteht.In order to increase the strength, it may also be advantageous if the ring comprises metal, preferably consists thereof.

Bei einer alternativen Ausführungsform können die Stäbe und/oder der Ring aus Kunststoff, vorzugsweise glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff (GFK) bestehen. Denkbar sind auch Kohlefasermaterialien. Der Vorteil eines Abstandhalters aus Kunststoff liegt darin, dass er ebenfalls so weit in den flüssigen Beton gedrückt werden kann, bis er mit den Stützabschnitten die Schalung berührt. Zwar ist der Abstandhalter dann am fertigen Hohl- oder Mehrschichtwandelement von außen sichtbar, andererseits entstehen durch die Verwendung von Kunststoff keine Kältebrücken. Außerdem besteht keine Rostgefahr.In an alternative embodiment, the rods and / or the ring made of plastic, preferably glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) exist. Also conceivable are carbon fiber materials. The advantage of a plastic spacer is that it can also be pushed so far into the liquid concrete until it touches the formwork with the support sections. Although the spacer is then visible on the finished hollow or multi-layer wall element from the outside, on the other hand caused by the use of plastic no cold bridges. In addition, there is no risk of rust.

Bei einer zweiten Ausführungsform er Erfindung kann der Abstandhalter zumindest vier Stäbe aufweisen. Dadurch lässt sich die Festigkeit des Abstandhalters weiter vergrößern.In a second embodiment of the invention, the spacer may have at least four bars. As a result, the strength of the spacer can be further increased.

Von Vorteil kann es dabei sein, wenn die Stäbe voneinander beabstandet sind. Dann lässt sich ebenfalls eine größere Festigkeit erzeugen.It may be advantageous if the rods are spaced from each other. Then you can also produce greater strength.

Bei einer solchen Ausführungsform kann die Verbindungseinrichtung sich zwischen den Stäben erstrecken. Anders als bei der Ausführungsform mit einem die Stäbe umgreifenden Verbindungselement kann hier das Verbindungselement zwischen den Stäben platziert sein, und dadurch die Stäbe möglichst weit voneinander zu beabstanden.In such an embodiment, the connecting means may extend between the bars. Unlike the embodiment with a connecting element embracing the bars, here the connecting element can be placed between the bars, thereby spacing the bars as far as possible from one another.

Wenn vier Stäbe verwendet werden, kann sich die Verbindungseinrichtung vorzugsweise im wesentlichen kreuzförmig zwischen den Stäben erstrecken und die Stäbe miteinander verbinden.When four rods are used, the connector may preferably extend substantially crosswise between the rods and connect the rods together.

In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann die Verbindungseinrichtung in Längsrichtung der Stäbe zur Stabmitte versetzt, jedoch zwischen den Endabschnitten der Stäbe angeordnet sein. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, die Verbindungseinrichtung in eines der Wandelemente hinein zu verlegen, so dass am fertig gestellten Hohl- oder Mehrschichtwandelement die Verbindungseinrichtung nicht oder nur teilweise sichtbar ist. Dadurch kann gezielt die Ausreißfestigkeit der Abstandhalter aus einem Wandelement erhöht werden.In an advantageous development of the invention, the connecting device can be offset in the longitudinal direction of the rods to the middle of the rod, but be arranged between the end portions of the rods. In this way it is possible to move the connecting device into one of the wall elements, so that the connecting device is not or only partially visible on the finished hollow or multi-layer wall element. As a result, the pull-out strength of the spacers from a wall element can be increased in a targeted manner.

Bei einer solchen Gestaltung kann der Abstand der Endabschnitte des Stabes auf einer Seite der Verbindungseinrichtung größer als auf er anderen Seite sein.In such a configuration, the distance of the end portions of the rod on one side of the connecting device may be greater than on the other side.

In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann der Abstand der Endabschnitte untereinander, die näher der Verbindungseinrichtung sind, kleiner als der Abstand der Endabschnitte untereinander sein, die von der Verbindungseinrichtung weiter entfernt sind. Insbesondere bei Hohlwandelementen, deren Wandelemente unterschiedliche Dicken aufweisen, kann sich eine solche Ausführungsform als vorteilhaft erweisen. Gerade bei Mehrschichtwandelementen, bei denen das dicke Wandelement die Stützfunktion übernimmt und das dünne Wandelement als Fassade dient.In an advantageous development of the invention, the distance between the end sections which are closer to the connection device can be smaller than the distance between the end sections which are further away from the connection device. In particular, in hollow wall elements whose wall elements have different thicknesses, such an embodiment may prove advantageous. Especially in multi-layer wall elements in which the thick wall element takes over the support function and the thin wall element serves as a facade.

Weiterhin kann es sich als vorteilhaft erweisen, wenn die Stäbe im wesentlichen auf einem Pyramidenstumpfmantel angeordnet sind. Man kann die Abstandhalter vorteilhafterweise symmetrisch gestalten, wodurch kann der Kraftverlauf symmetrisch in den Abstandhalter eingebracht werden kann, so dass sich die Festigkeit der Hohl- oder Mehrschichtwandelemente erhöhen lässt. Bei einer alternativen Ausführungsform kann eine geometrische Ausführungsform verwirklicht werden, die zwei aufeinander zugerichteten Pyramiden oder Tetraeder entspricht, deren Spitze im wesentlichen im Bereich der Verbindungseinrichtung angeordnet sind. Bei solchen Ausführungsformen kann es zur Erzeugung derartiger geometrischer Anordnungen günstig sein, wenn die Stäbe alle gleich lang sind.Furthermore, it may prove to be advantageous if the rods are arranged substantially on a truncated pyramid mantle. It is advantageously possible to make the spacers symmetrical, as a result of which the force profile can be introduced symmetrically into the spacer, so that the strength of the hollow or multilayer wall elements can be increased. In an alternative embodiment, a geometric embodiment can be realized, the two aligned pyramids or Tetrahedron corresponds, the tip of which are arranged substantially in the region of the connecting device. In such embodiments, it may be beneficial to produce such geometric arrangements if the bars are all the same length.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausbildungsform kann der Abstandhalter mit Stäben und Verbindungseinrichtung einstückig, vorzugsweise durch Spritzgießen, hergestellt sein.In a further advantageous embodiment, the spacer can be made in one piece with rods and connecting device, preferably by injection molding.

Weiterhin kann es sich als vorteilhaft erweisen, wenn die Stäbe Halteprofile aufweisen bzw. deren Oberfläche profiliert ist. Auch dadurch lässt sich die Ausreißfestigkeit erhöhen.Furthermore, it may prove advantageous if the bars have holding profiles or whose surface is profiled. This also increases the pull-out strength.

Es kann sich als vorteilhaft erweisen, wenn die Stäbe an den Endabschnitten angespitzt oder angeschrägt sind. Dadurch lässt sich die Positioniergenauigkeit verbessern.It may prove advantageous if the rods are sharpened or beveled at the end portions. This can improve the positioning accuracy.

Weiterhin wird ein Hohl- oder Mehrschichtwandelement unter Schutz gestellt, welches zumindest zwei voneinander beabstandete Wandelemente aufweisen, von denen wenigstens eines vorzugsweise Beton aufweist, und zwischen denen sich zumindest abschnittsweise ein erfindungsgemäßer Abstandhalter erstreckt.Furthermore, a hollow or multi-layer wall element is provided under protection, which have at least two spaced-apart wall elements, of which at least one preferably has concrete, and between which extends at least in sections, an inventive spacer.

Zum Anheben der Hohl- oder Mehrschichtwandelemente kann die Verbindungseinrichtung zwischen den Wandelementen angeordnet sein.For lifting the hollow or multi-layer wall elements, the connecting device can be arranged between the wall elements.

Auch kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn die Verbindungseinrichtung zumindest abschnittsweise in einem der Wandelemente angeordnet ist. Auch kann es sich als günstig erweisen, wenn zumindest eine Stützebene in einer Ebene einer Außenwand eines Wandelementes angeordnet ist.It may also be advantageous if the connecting device is arranged at least in sections in one of the wall elements. It may also prove to be advantageous if at least one support plane is arranged in a plane of an outer wall of a wall element.

Weiterhin wird ein Verfahren unter Schutz gestellt zum Herstellen eines Hohl- oder Mehrschichtwandelementes, welches wenigstens zwei voneinander beabstandete Wandelemente aufweist, zwischen denen sich wenigstens ein erfindungsgemäßer Abstandhalter erstreckt, wobei der Abstandhalter beim Herstellen zumindest eines der Wandelemente mit einer Schalungsunterlage, auf welcher sich das herzustellende Wandelement befindet, zumindest mittelbar oder vorzugsweise unmittelbar in Anlage gebracht wird.Furthermore, a method is provided for the production of a hollow or multi-layer wall element having at least two spaced-apart wall elements, between which extends at least one inventive spacer, wherein the spacer in the manufacture of at least one of the wall elements with a formwork base on which the produced Wall element is located, at least indirectly or preferably brought directly into contact.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der folgenden Figuren näher erläutert:The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the following figures:

Fig. 1Fig. 1
zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Abstandalters in perspektivischer Darstellung;shows a first embodiment of a spacer according to the invention in a perspective view;
Fig. 2Fig. 2
zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Abstandhalters in perspektivischer Darstellung;shows a second embodiment of a spacer according to the invention in a perspective view;
Fig. 3Fig. 3
zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Hohlwandelementes mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Abstandhalter der ersten Ausführungsform;shows a schematic representation of a hollow wall element with a spacer according to the invention of the first embodiment;
Fig. 4Fig. 4
zeigt eine schematische Schnittansicht eines Hohlwandelementes mit einem Abstandhalter der zweiten Ausführungsform;shows a schematic sectional view of a hollow wall element with a spacer of the second embodiment;
Fig. 5Fig. 5
zeigt eine schematische Schnittansicht einer Ausführungsform eines Mehrschichtwandelementes mit einem Abstandhalter der ersten Ausführungsform;shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a multi-layer wall element with a spacer of the first embodiment;
Fig. 6Fig. 6
zeigt eine schematische Schnittansicht einer Ausführungsform eines Mehrschichtwandelementes mit einem Abstandhalter gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform;shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a multi-layer wall element with a spacer according to the second embodiment;
Fig. 7 bis 9Fig. 7 to 9
zeigen die Abfolge beim Herstellen eines Hohlwandelementes in einer schematischen Schnittansicht.show the sequence when producing a hollow wall element in a schematic sectional view.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Abstandhalter 1, der drei Stäbe 2 aufweist. Die Stäbe erstrecken sich durch eine als Ring ausgebildete Verbindungseinrichtung 3. Die Stäbe 2 sind dabei so zueinander angeordnet, dass sich alle drei Stäbe im Bereich der Verbindungseinrichtung 3 berühren. Die Verbindungseinrichtung 3 ist mit den Stäben 2 fest verbunden. Jeder Stab verfügt über zwei Endabschnitte 4 an einander gegenüber liegenden Enden, welche Stützabschnitte 5 bilden. Die Endabschnitte 4 sind jeweils leicht konisch zusammenlaufend, also angespitzt, mit kreisflächenförmigen Stirnflächen 6. Die Stäbe verfügen jeweils über ein spiralförmig verlaufende Profilierung 7. Fig. 1 shows a spacer 1 according to the invention, which has three bars 2. The rods extend through a connecting device 3 embodied as a ring. The rods 2 are arranged relative to one another such that all three rods touch each other in the region of the connecting device 3. The connecting device 3 is fixedly connected to the rods 2. Each rod has two end portions 4 at opposite ends forming support portions 5. The end sections 4 are each slightly conically converging, that is sharpened, with circular-face-shaped end faces 6. The bars each have a spirally running profiling 7.

Wie anhand von Fig. 1 deutlich wird, ist die Verbindungseinrichtung 3 im wesentlichen mittig in Längsrichtung einer der Stäbe angeordnet. In Fig. 5 ist eine Ausführungsform dargestellt, bei der die Verbindungseinrichtung zu einem Endabschnitt eines Stabes hin versetzt ist. Dadurch ist der Abstand von Endabschnitt der Stäbe 2 zum Ring bzw. der Verbindungseinrichtung 3 jeweils verschieden groß. Alle Stäbe sind im wesentlichen gleich lang und jeweils zwei der Stäbe schließen einen spitzen Winkel α von ca. 10-30° zueinander ein. Dadurch sind die Stützabschnitte 5 der Stäbe jeweils voneinander beabstandet, so dass Stützebenen 8 bilden. Die Stützelemente 8 sind gestrichelt dargestellt. In der Darstellung in der Fig. 1 ergeben sich durch drei Stützabschnitte 5 auf je einer Seite der Verbindungseinrichtung 3 die Stützebenen. Diese Stützebenen sind parallel zueinander angeordnet. Im wesentlichen liegen drei Stützabschnitte zusammen mit dem Bereich, an dem sich die drei Stäbe berühren, im wesentlichen innerhalb eines Tetraeders, wobei aufgrund der Anordnung der Stäbe zu beiden Seiten der Verbindungseinrichtung die Stäbe innerhalb von zwei Tetraedern angeordnet sind, deren Spitzen zueinander weisen. Anders ausgedrückt bildet der Abstandhalter 1 zu beiden Seiten der Verbindungseinrichtung jeweils ein Dreibein, wobei die Stützabschnitte 5 dafür vorgesehen sind, auf einer Schalungsunterlage 9 aufzustehen.As based on Fig. 1 becomes clear, the connecting device 3 is arranged substantially centrally in the longitudinal direction of one of the rods. In Fig. 5 an embodiment is shown in which the connecting means is offset to an end portion of a rod. As a result, the distance from the end section of the bars 2 to the ring or the connecting device 3 is different in each case. All rods are essentially the same length and each two of the rods include an acute angle α of about 10-30 ° to each other. As a result, the support portions 5 of the bars are each spaced from each other, so that support levels 8 form. The support elements 8 are shown in dashed lines. In the presentation in the Fig. 1 resulting from three support sections 5 on each side of the connecting device 3, the support levels. These support levels are arranged parallel to each other. Substantially three support sections together with the area where the three bars touch, substantially within a tetrahedron, wherein due to the arrangement of the bars on both sides of the connecting means, the rods are arranged within two tetrahedra whose tips face each other. In other words, the spacer 1 forms on each side of the connecting device in each case a tripod, wherein the support portions 5 are provided to stand up on a shuttering pad 9.

Als Materialien für den Abstandhalter 1 eignen sich rostfreie Stähle, z. B. Edelstahl. Besonders bevorzugt sind Stäbe aus Kunststoff, vorzugsweise aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff gefertigt. Alternativ sind auch Kohlefaserverstärkungen denkbar. Insbesondere sind Kunststoffe geeignet, die im Wege eines Spritzgußverfahrens verarbeitbar sind. Die ringförmige Verbindungseinrichtung 3 kann aus einem beliebigen Metall hergestellt sein. Bevorzugt können jedoch auch die gleichen Materialien wie für die Stäbe 2 zum Einsatz kommen.As materials for the spacer 1 are stainless steels, z. B. stainless steel. Particularly preferred are rods made of plastic, preferably made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. Alternatively, carbon fiber reinforcements are conceivable. In particular, plastics are suitable which can be processed by means of an injection molding process. The annular connecting device 3 may be made of any metal. Preferably, however, the same materials as for the rods 2 can be used.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Abstandhalter im eingebauten Zustand. Dazu ist ein Hohlwandelement 10 schematisch in einer Schnittansicht dargestellt, wobei der Abstandhalter ebenfalls schematisch eingezeichnet ist. Der in der Schnittansicht nicht sichtbare Teil ist gestrichelt eingezeichnet. Das Hohlwandelement 10 besteht aus zwei Wandelementen 11, die voneinander beabstandet sind und zwischen denen ein Hohlraum angeordnet ist. In diesem Hohlraum ist z. B. an einem der Wandelemente eine Isolierung angebracht. Während die Wandelemente 11 bevorzugt aus Beton gefertigt sind, kann die Isolierung z. B. aus Styropor, Schaumstoff oder aber Glaswolle und dgl. bestehen.The Fig. 3 shows a spacer according to the invention in the installed state. For this purpose, a hollow wall element 10 is shown schematically in a sectional view, wherein the spacer is also shown schematically. The not visible in the sectional view part is shown in dashed lines. The hollow wall element 10 consists of two wall elements 11, which are spaced apart and between which a cavity is arranged. In this cavity is z. B. attached to one of the wall elements insulation. While the wall elements 11 are preferably made of concrete, the insulation z. B. from Styrofoam, foam or glass wool and the like. Exist.

Der Abstandhalter 1 ist fest mit den Wandelementen 11 verbunden, insbesondere ist er eingegossen.The spacer 1 is fixedly connected to the wall elements 11, in particular it is cast.

Die Herstellung eines solchen Hohlwandelementes 10 wird exemplarisch anhand der Fig. 7, 8 und 9 erläutert.The production of such a hollow wall element 10 is exemplified by the FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 explained.

Zunächst befindet sich auf der Schalungsunterlage 9 eine Schalung 13, die im wesentlichen rahmenförmig mit einem Innenmaß von ca. 2,5 , x 2,5 m gestaltet ist. In diese Schalung 13 werden zunächst - soweit erforderlich - Bewehrungsmatten und Bewehrungsstäbe in bekannter Weise sich kreuzend eingelegt. Anschließend wird die Schalung 13 mit Beton verfüllt, wie es in Fig. 7 dargestellt ist. In den noch flüssigen Beton wird der Abstandhalter 1 eingestellt, wobei er mit seinen Stützabschnitten 5 auf der Schalungsunterlage 9 aufsteht. Dadurch steht der Abstandhalter 1 aufrecht auf der Schalungsunterlage 9, wobei die entsprechende Stützebene im wesentlichen mit der Außenseite des Wandelementes nach seiner Fertigstellung übereinstimmt.First, there is a formwork 13 on the formwork support 9, which is designed substantially frame-shaped with an internal dimension of about 2.5, x 2.5 m. In this formwork 13 first - as far as necessary - reinforcing mats and reinforcing bars inserted in a known manner crossing each other. Subsequently, the formwork 13 is filled with concrete, as it is in Fig. 7 is shown. In the still liquid concrete, the spacer 1 is adjusted, wherein it rests with its support portions 5 on the formwork support 9. As a result, the spacer 1 stands upright on the formwork support 9, wherein the corresponding support plane substantially coincides with the outside of the wall element after its completion.

Nach dem Aushärten des Betons wird die Schalung 13 entfernt. Als nächstes wird ein zweites Wandelement 11 hergestellt, in dem auf die Schalungsunterlage 9 eine weitere Schalung 13, oder die gleiche Schalung 13, aufgelegt wird. In bekannter Manier werden Bewehrungsstäbe oder Bewehrungsmatten - soweit erforderlich - eingelegt. Als nächstes wird der Beton dazu gegeben. Nunmehr wird das erste Wandelement in das zweite Wandelement eingewendet, wie dies in Fig. 8 dargestellt ist, an den Abstandhaltern angehoben und auf einen nicht dargestellten Saugwender übergeben, der das Wandelement auf der kurzen Seite hält. Anschließend wird das erste Wandelement 11 gedreht und der hervorstehende Abstandhalter 1 mit den verbleibenden Stützabschnitten in den Beton eingedrückt, so dass er mit der Schalungsunterlage 9 in Anlage gelangt. Dann ist die Konfiguration wie in Fig. 8 gegeben. Nach dem Aushärten wird die Schalung 13 entfernt, so dass ein Hohlwandelement gemäß Fig. 9 vorliegt.After curing of the concrete, the formwork 13 is removed. Next, a second wall element 11 is prepared, in which on the shuttering pad 9, a further formwork 13, or the same formwork 13, is placed. Reinforcing bars or reinforcing mats are inserted in the usual manner - as far as necessary. Next, the concrete is added. Now, the first wall element is turned into the second wall element, as in Fig. 8 is shown raised on the spacers and transferred to a suction reverser, not shown, which holds the wall element on the short side. Subsequently, the first wall element 11 is rotated and the protruding spacer 1 is pressed with the remaining support sections in the concrete so that it comes into contact with the shuttering pad 9. Then the configuration is like in Fig. 8 given. After curing, the formwork 13 is removed, so that a hollow wall element according to Fig. 9 is present.

Grundsätzlich sind mehrere Abstandhalter vorgesehen, so dass ein fester Verbund zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Wandelementen 11 entsteht. Auf der Baustelle zum Fertigstellen eines Gebäudes kann nunmehr das Hohlwandelement an der gewünschten Stelle positioniert werden. Anschließend wird der Hohlraum mit Beton oder dgl. ausgefüllt.In principle, a plurality of spacers are provided, so that a solid bond between the opposing wall elements 11 is formed. At the construction site for finishing a building, the hollow wall element can now be positioned at the desired location. Subsequently, the cavity is filled with concrete or the like.

Durch die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Abstandhalters wird einerseits eine große Ausreißfestigkeit gewährleistet, da durch die schräg zueinander angeordneten Stäbe 2 es nicht möglich ist, den Abstandhalter 1 herauszuziehen. Durch die große Eintauchtiefe wird ein fester Verbund erreicht. Gleichzeitig ist es möglich, gerade beim Einwenden den Abstandhalter in den noch flüssigen Beton des zweiten Wandelementes einzudrücken, wobei die Bewehrungsmatten, Bewehrungsstäbe geringfügig verschoben werden können. Zudem ist der Abstandhalter so gestaltet, dass er nach dem Einwenden die beiden Wandelemente exakt zueinander positioniert, wobei die Stützflächen im wesentlichen in der Ebene der Außenflächen 14 der Wandelemente liegen. Wenn man mehrere voneinander beabstandete Abstandhalter 1 verwendet, wird dadurch gleichzeitig eine große Parallelität der Wandelemente 11 zueinander gewährleistet.By using the spacer according to the invention, on the one hand, a high pull-out strength is ensured since it is not possible to pull out the spacer 1 due to the bars 2 arranged at an angle to one another. Due to the large immersion depth, a solid bond is achieved. At the same time, it is possible to press the spacer into the still liquid concrete of the second wall element, especially when invoking, wherein the reinforcing mats, reinforcing bars can be slightly displaced. In addition, the spacer is designed so that it positions the two wall elements exactly to each other after the objection, wherein the support surfaces are located substantially in the plane of the outer surfaces 14 of the wall elements. If one uses a plurality of spaced apart spacers 1, this simultaneously ensures a large parallelism of the wall elements 11 to each other.

Bei der Ausführungsform in Fig. 3 befindet sich die Verbindungseinrichtung im wesentlichen sichtbar zwischen den Wandelementen. Dadurch ist es ohne weiteres möglich, dort einen Haken anzubringen, um das Hohlwandelement anheben zu können. Der Abstandhalter 1 ist in Fig. 3 im Bereich der Verbindungseinrichtung 3 am dünnsten.In the embodiment in Fig. 3 the connecting device is substantially visible between the wall elements. This makes it readily possible to attach a hook there to lift the hollow wall element can. The spacer 1 is in Fig. 3 thinnest in the region of the connecting device 3.

In Fig. 5 ist eine alternative Ausführungsform beschrieben, bei der die Verbindungseinrichtung zu einer Seite des Abstandhalters 1 hin versetzt angeordnet ist. Dadurch ist es möglich, dass die Verbindungseinrichtung vollständig im Beton einer der Wandelemente verschwindet. Bei der Ausführungsform in Fig. 5 verfügt eines der Wandelemente über eine größere Dicke als das andere Wandelement. Der Hohlraum zwischen den Wandelementen 11 ist dabei mit Isoliermaterial gefüllt. Derartige Hohlwandelemente werden als sogenannte Mehrschicht- oder Sandwichwand bezeichnet. Zur Herstellung wird auf das erste Wandelement ein Isoliermaterial aufgebracht. Der Abstandhalter wird durch das Isoliermaterial gestoßen und in den flüssigen Beton eingedrückt. Anschließend wird das zweite Wandelement gegossen. Ein Einwenden entfällt. Das dicke Wandelement dient als Wand und das dünne Wandelement als Fassade.In Fig. 5 an alternative embodiment is described, in which the connecting device is arranged offset to one side of the spacer 1. This makes it possible that the connecting device disappears completely in the concrete of one of the wall elements. In the embodiment in Fig. 5 one of the wall elements has a greater thickness than the other wall element. The cavity between the wall elements 11 is filled with insulating material. Such hollow wall elements are referred to as so-called multi-layer or sandwich wall. For the preparation of an insulating material is applied to the first wall element. The spacer is pushed through the insulating material and pressed into the liquid concrete. Subsequently, the second wall element is poured. There is no objection. The thick wall element serves as a wall and the thin wall element as a facade.

Als nächstes wird eine zweite Ausführungsform der Erfindung näher erläutert, wobei gleiche Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen sind. Es wird lediglich auf die Unterschiede der ersten gegenüber der zweiten Ausführungsform eingegangen.Next, a second embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail, wherein like components are provided with the same reference numerals. Only the differences between the first and the second embodiment will be discussed.

Der Abstandhalter 1 der zweiten Ausführungsform verfügt über vier Stäbe 2. Grundsätzlich ist auch denkbar, einen solchen Abstandhalter mit drei Stäben auszuführen oder mit mehreren Stäben. Anders als in der ersten Ausführungsform ist die Verbindungseinrichtung 3 zwischen den Stäben angeordnet. Die Verbindungseinrichtung 3 ist dabei im wesentlichen kreuzförmig gestaltet und verbindet die Stäbe 2 miteinander. Auch ist die Verbindungseinrichtung 3 deutlich zu jeweils einer Seite der Stäbe hin versetzt, so dass der Abstand von Endabschnitt zur Verbindungseinrichtung auf einer Seite eines Stabes größer als auf der anderen Seite ist.The spacer 1 of the second embodiment has four bars 2. In principle, it is also conceivable to carry out such a spacer with three bars or with a plurality of bars. Unlike in the first embodiment, the connecting device 3 is arranged between the bars. The connecting device 3 is designed substantially cross-shaped and connects the rods 2 together. Also, the connecting device 3 is clearly offset to one side of the rods, so that the distance from the end portion to the connecting device on one side of a rod is greater than on the other side.

Die Anordnung der Stäbe erfolgt in der Art eines Pyramidenstumpfes. D.h., die Endabschnitte auf der einen Seite der Stäbe liegen enger beieinander als auf der anderen Seite. Insbesondere liegen die Endabschnitte bzw. die Stützeabschnitte 5 auf der Seite der Verbindungseinrichtung näher beieinander, die näher an der Verbindungseinrichtung angeordnet sind, als auf der von der Verbindungseinrichtung 3 weiter entfernten Seite der Stäbe.The arrangement of the rods takes place in the manner of a truncated pyramid. That is, the end portions on one side of the rods are closer together than on the other side. In particular, the end sections or the support sections 5 are closer to one another on the side of the connection device, which are arranged closer to the connection device than on the side of the rods which is farther away from the connection device 3.

Ferner sind die Stäbe nicht rund, sondern mit rechteckigem oder quadratischem Querschnitt ausgebildet. Im Bereich der Endabschnitte sind sie jeweils angeschrägt. Ferner verfügen sie über zackenartige Profile 7 an der Außenseite.Furthermore, the rods are not round, but formed with a rectangular or square cross-section. In the area of the end sections they are bevelled. Furthermore, they have jagged profiles 7 on the outside.

Die Stäbe 2 und die Verbindungseinrichtung 3 sind im wesentlichen einstückig ausgebildet und sind insbesondere aus Kunststoff gefertigt. Als geeigneter Kunststoff kann glasfaserverstärkter Kunststoff oder aber kohlefaserverstärkter Kunststoff verwendet werden.The rods 2 and the connecting device 3 are formed substantially in one piece and are made in particular of plastic. As a suitable plastic glass fiber reinforced plastic or carbon fiber reinforced plastic can be used.

Die Fig. 4 zeigt ein Hohlwandelement 10 und die Fig. 6 ein Mehrschichtwandelement (Sandwichwand) mit Abstandhaltern gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform. Im Falle der Darstellung in Fig. 4 befindet sich die Verbindungseinrichtung 3 zwischen den Wandelementen 11 und im Falle der Fig. 6 befindet sich die Verbindungseinrichtung 3 innerhalb des dickeren Wandelementes.The Fig. 4 shows a hollow wall element 10 and the Fig. 6 a multi-layer wall element (sandwich wall) with spacers according to the second embodiment. In case of presentation in Fig. 4 is the connecting device 3 between the wall elements 11 and in the case of Fig. 6 is the connecting device 3 within the thicker wall element.

Dadurch, dass die Stäbe 2 alle gleich lang sind und zudem zueinander gegenüberliegende Stäbe einen spitzen Winkel α von ca. 5-10° zueinander einschließen, ergeben sich zwei parallel zueinander angeordnete Stützebenen 8 durch die Stützabschnitte 5.Due to the fact that the bars 2 are all of the same length and, in addition, mutually opposite bars form an acute angle α of approximately 5-10 ° relative to one another, two mutually parallel support levels 8 result through the support sections 5.

Die Herstellung eines Hohlwandelementes 10 erfolgt in der gleichen Weise wie sie in den Fig. 7, 8 und 9 im Zusammenhang mit der ersten Ausführungsform verwirklicht wurde. Auch ergeben sich mit dem Abstandhalter gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform die gleichen Vorteile, nämlich einfache und kostengünstige Herstellung des Abstandhalters, hohe Ausreißfestigkeit und genaue Positionierung. Auch bei der zweiten Ausführungsform sind die Stützebenen jeweils im wesentlichen in der Ebene der Außenfläche der Wandelemente positioniert.The production of a hollow wall element 10 takes place in the same manner as in the FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 was realized in connection with the first embodiment. Also arise with the spacer according to the second embodiment, the same advantages, namely simple and cost-effective production of the spacer, high pull-out strength and accurate positioning. Also in the second embodiment, the support planes are each positioned substantially in the plane of the outer surface of the wall elements.

Grundsätzlich ist es auch denkbar, dass die Stützabschnitte 5 innerhalb der Wandelemente 11 angeordnet sind, so dass sie von außen nicht erkennbar sind. Bevorzugt sind jedoch die Ausführungsformen, bei denen die Stützabschnitte 5 während der Herstellung jeweils auf der Schalungsunterlage 9 aufstehen, um dadurch die Wandelemente exakt zueinander zu positionieren.In principle, it is also conceivable that the support sections 5 are arranged within the wall elements 11, so that they are not visible from the outside. However, preference is given to the embodiments in which the support sections 5 each rise on the formwork support 9 during manufacture, in order to thereby position the wall elements exactly to one another.

Claims (15)

Abstandhalter, vorzugsweise für die Herstellung von Hohl- oder Mehrschichtwänden, mit wenigstens drei Stäben (2), die miteinander verbunden sind und jeder Stab zumindest einen Stützabschnitt (5) aufweist und die Stützabschnitte der drei Stäbe voneinander beabstandet sind, um dadurch eine Stützebene (8) zu bilden.Spacer, preferably for the manufacture of hollow or multi-layer walls, comprising at least three rods (2) connected together and each rod having at least one support portion (5) and the support portions of the three rods spaced from each other to thereby define a support plane (8 ) to build. Abstandhalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die drei Stäbe im wesentlichen gerade sind.Spacer according to claim 1, characterized in that the three rods are substantially straight. Abstandhalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei der drei Stäbe (2) vorzugsweise die drei Stäbe zueinander einen vorzugsweise spitzen Winkel einschließen.Spacer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that two of the three bars (2), preferably the three bars to each other include a preferably acute angle. Abstandhalter nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stützabschnitte des Stabs durch deren Endabschnitte (4) gebildet werden.Spacer according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support portions of the rod are formed by their end portions (4). Abstandhalter nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stäbe fest miteinander verbunden sind, wobei insbesondere zumindest zwei, vorzugsweise drei, der Stäbe einander berühren.Spacer according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rods are firmly connected to each other, wherein in particular at least two, preferably three, of the rods touch each other. Abstandhalter nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest ein Stab, vorzugsweise alle Stäbe, wenigstens zwei Stützabschnitte aufweist, die durch einander gegenüber liegende Endabschnitte gebildet werden und insbesondere die Stützabschnitte zwei Stützebenen bilden, die einander gegenüber liegen, wobei vorzugsweise die Stützebenen parallel zueinander sind.Spacer according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one rod, preferably all rods, at least two support portions which are formed by mutually opposite end portions and in particular the support portions form two support levels which face each other, preferably the support levels are parallel to each other. Abstandhalter nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Verbindungseinrichtung (3) vorgesehen ist, welche die Stäbe miteinander verbindet und die Verbindungseinrichtung einen Ring aufweist, durch welchen sich die Stäbe hindurch erstrecken, wobei insbesondere der Ring etwa mittig in Längsrichtung eines Stabes an den Stäben angeordnet ist und vorzugsweise der Ring mit den Stäben fest verbunden ist.Spacer according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a connecting device (3) is provided, which connects the rods to each other and the connecting means comprises a ring through which the rods extend therethrough, in particular the ring approximately centrally in the longitudinal direction of a rod is arranged on the rods and preferably the ring is fixedly connected to the rods. Abstandhalter nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stäbe Metall, vorzugsweise Edelstahl, aufweisen, vorzugsweise daraus bestehen, und dass der Ring Metall aufweist, vorzugsweise daraus besteht, wobei vorzugsweise die Stäbe und/oder der Ring Kunststoff, vorzugsweise GFK, aufweisen.Spacer according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rods comprise metal, preferably stainless steel, preferably consist thereof, and that the ring comprises metal, preferably consists thereof, wherein preferably the rods and / or the ring plastic, preferably GRP, exhibit. Abstandhalter nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstandhalter zumindest vier Stäbe aufweist, wobei die Stäbe voneinander beabstandet sind.Spacer according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacer comprises at least four rods, wherein the rods are spaced from each other. Abstandhalter nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungseinrichtung sich zwischen den Stäben erstreckt, wobei die Verbindungseinrichtung vorzugsweise einstückig mit den Stäben ausgebildet ist und die Verbindungseinrichtung sich vorzugsweise, im wesentlichen kreuzförmig, zwischen den Stäben erstreckt und die Stäbe miteinander verbindet, wobei die Verbindungseinrichtung in Längsrichtung der Stäbe versetzt, jedoch zwischen den Endabschnitten der Stäbe angeordnet ist.Spacer according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting device extends between the bars, wherein the connecting means is preferably formed integrally with the bars and the connecting means preferably extends, substantially cross-shaped, between the bars and connecting the bars together, wherein the connecting means offset in the longitudinal direction of the rods, but is arranged between the end portions of the rods. Abstandhalter nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand der Endabschnitte untereinander näher an der Verbindungseinrichtung kleiner als der Abstand der Endabschnitte untereinander ist, die von der Verbindungseinrichtung weiter entfernt sind.Spacer according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance between the end sections closer to one another at the connection device is smaller than the distance of the end sections from one another, which are further away from the connection device. Abstandhalter nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stäbe im wesentlichen die Kanten einer pyramidenförmigen Anordnung bilden, wobei insbesondere die Stäbe Halteprofile aufweisen und an den Endabschnitten angespitzt oder angeschrägt sind und zusätzlich der Abstandhalter durch ein Gießverfahren, vorzugsweise Spritzgießen, hergestellt ist.Spacer according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bars form substantially the edges of a pyramidal arrangement, in particular the bars have holding profiles and are sharpened or bevelled at the end portions and in addition the spacer is produced by a casting method, preferably injection molding , Hohl- oder Mehrschichtwandelement mit zumindest zwei voneinander beabstandeten Wandelementen, von denen wenigstens eines vorzugsweise Beton aufweist, zwischen denen sich zumindest abschnittsweise ein Abstandhalter nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche erstreckt.Hollow or multi-layer wall element having at least two spaced-apart wall elements, of which at least one preferably comprises concrete, between which extends at least in sections a spacer according to one of the preceding claims. Hohl- oder Mehrschichtwandelemente nach Anspruch 28, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungseinrichtung zwischen den Wandelementen angeordnet ist, wobei die Verbindungseinrichtung zumindest abschnittsweise in einem der Wandelemente angeordnet ist und wobei zumindest eine Stützebene in einer Ebene einer Außenseite eines Wandelements angeordnet ist.Hollow or multi-layer wall elements according to claim 28, characterized in that the connecting device is arranged between the wall elements, wherein the connecting device is arranged at least in sections in one of the wall elements and wherein at least one support plane is arranged in a plane of an outer side of a wall element. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Hohl- oder Mehrschichtwandelementes, welches wenigstens zwei voneinander beabstandete Wandelemente aufweist, zwischen denen sich wenigstens ein Abstandhalter nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche erstreckt und bis der Abstandhalter beim Herstellen zumindest eines der Wandelemente mit einer Schalungsunterlage, auf welcher das herzustellende Wandelement angeordnet ist, zumindest mittelbar, vorzugsweise unmittelbar, in Anlage gebracht wird.A method for producing a hollow or multi-layer wall element having at least two spaced-apart wall elements, between which at least one spacer according to one of the preceding claims extends and until the spacer in producing at least one of the wall elements with a formwork support on which the wall element to be produced is arranged , at least indirectly, preferably directly, is brought into abutment.
EP09011922.3A 2008-09-23 2009-09-18 Hollow or laminated wall Not-in-force EP2166178B1 (en)

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US20100071314A1 (en) 2010-03-25
EP2166178A3 (en) 2013-08-28
DE102008048425A1 (en) 2010-04-01
DK2166178T3 (en) 2017-11-20
EP2166178B1 (en) 2017-08-30
US8276339B2 (en) 2012-10-02
RU2533784C2 (en) 2014-11-20
RU2009135671A (en) 2011-03-27

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