EP2455703A1 - Protection of an object from hollow charges - Google Patents

Abstract

The unit has a protection layer (1) with rods (3), which are arranged in a matrix form. The rods project over an inner surface (2') of the protection layer. A diagonal distance between the rods is smaller than a caliber of a projectile and larger than a tip of the projectile. The rods project out from a base plate (2). A crumple layer (8) e.g. corrugated perforated plate, is provided upstream to the base plate and receives a part of kinetic energy of the projectile. Surfaces of the rods are galvanically conductive in an end region facing away from an object (O) to be protected.

Description

The present invention relates to object protection against unguided and / or subsonic mid-caliber projectiles according to the preambles of claims 1 or 2.

In the second world war, projectiles with shaped charges were fired for the first time against armored targets. This on the one hand by the US armed forces (Bazooka called weapon) and on the other hand of Germany (Panzerfaust and Panzerschreck called). Propellants such as cargoes and propellant cartridges were used to accelerate the projectiles. After that, Russia developed a widespread weapon called the RPG (Rocket-Propelled Granade). This is used in a version produced since 1961 still today, especially in the field of asymmetric warfare as a type RPG-7, with a variety of shaped charges. While the early systems had mechanical impact igniters, the newer ones are equipped with front piezoelectric igniters and have planar, electrically conductive interconnections between the igniter and the igniter. These relatively simple, mostly rocket-propelled medium caliber projectiles are distributed worldwide and represent a huge potential for danger; They are cheap to buy, easy to handle and are used in various embodiments against stationary and mobile objects, especially against lightly armored vehicles.

In addition to various active and passive armor, as early as 1940 ( DE -A- 688 526 ) on the to be protected Object massive steel rods and prismatic bodies put on, which should deflect particular bullets from anti-tank guns. A further development of this (DT -A1-26 01 562) used special heat-resistant materials and also armor plates with matrix-shaped and protruding from a solid surface bodies ( Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 ) to keep the exothermic effect of explosive charges from the object to be protected.

Both of the aforementioned protective arrangements have the disadvantage that they probably reduce the destructive effect of the projectiles, for example an impinging and ignited hollow charge, to a certain extent, but can not prevent their initiation.

From the DE 198 25 360 A1 is a protection with rod-shaped Störkörpern become known, which are to hinder the stretching of a hollow charge jet. The bluff bodies are on an armor, and a follow-up armor with an insulating layer arranged. By this design, the armor facing the floor. The insulating layer therefore provides no protection for the armor, so that in the worst case the armor can be destroyed by an initiated bullet.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an object protection that prevents the initiation of the explosive charge as possible or at least impaired and the charge should still be ignited, the effect reduced so massively that the object is not significantly disturbed in its function.

This object is achieved in that the plate is preceded by a crush layer, which absorbs part of the kinetic energy of an impinging projectile.

A massive plate is very easy to equip with rods and also has the advantage that it is an effective protection against small-caliber ammunition. The rods are particularly easy to fix in a solid plate, from which they protrude.

In subsequent dependent claims advantageous developments of the subject invention are characterized. In this case, the comprehensive term rod is used, since the cross-section of these bodies is relatively small in relation to their length. Likewise applies to most embodiments, the term pen (short rod), because of material and weight reasons, the length of the rods is chosen as short as functionally appropriate.

A crimped perforated plate made of sheet steel or a multilayer composite plate has proven successful.

Particularly advantageous are crush layers in combination with massive deposits, which have a high dispersion effect for a shaped charge jet. This includes the presence of a layer of a metallic sponge.

The surface mentioned in the claim may be flat or any space surface. The support of the rods or pins can be done in the area.

The characteristics of the arrangement of the rods or pins allow the projectile a partial penetration of the hood into the matrix. Surprisingly, the ignition function is disturbed so massively immediate that in most cases no initiation of the charge takes place. If, in individual cases, an ignition takes place, the optimum distance (stand-off) of the shaped charge to the target is exceeded in the case of precision charges, which, as is known, leads to a considerable reduction of their jet power and / or only to a mere burnup. In conjunction with conventional protective measures (passive and / or active armor), the object is sufficiently protected even in such cases.

Prerequisite for preventing an initiation of the ignition according to claim 2 are rods or pins, which are galvanically conductive at least in the part directly acted upon by the projectile.

Significant advantages over only conventional protective measures consist in the relatively low weight of the subject invention, its ease of manufacture, its low cost and retrofitting to existing objects.

Convenient, especially on vehicles, as contiguous cover surfaces, of which the rods are "hidden". If the bars 3 are covered on their outer face by at least one flat and continuous outer layer, the risk of injury is eliminated and, moreover, dirt deposits and bending of the bars can be avoided.

If the end faces of the rods are provided with obtuse-angled cones which terminate in sharp points, or if these end faces are provided with a central sharp-edged pin, in many cases this results in direct destruction of the piezocrystal, even if the projectile tip strikes the rod directly on a rod in the impact fuze. In the case of front-side piezo generators, fragmentation of the crystal means that the necessary ignition voltage is undershot, so that the initiation of the charge does not occur.

By means of blast processing (laser, water jet, etc.) it is possible to produce very light and cost-effective protective layers of flat material (sheet metal), which can also be integrated into a wide variety of systems.

Fig. 1

das Prinzip zur Verhinderung der Initiierung einer Hohlladung mittels einer Schutzschicht, wobei als Variante ein nur in einem Endbereich galvanisch leitender Stab vorhanden ist,

Fig. 2

eine Haube eines Geschosses beim Auftreffen auf eine Schutzschicht,

Fig. 3

eine weitere Darstellung eines schräg fliegenden Geschosses beim Auftreffen auf eine Schutzschicht,

Fig. 4a

ein Stab einer Schutzschicht mit konischer Spitze,

Fig. 4b

ein Stab einer Schutzschicht mit scharfkantigem Zapfen,

Fig. 5

eine modulare Grundplatte mit geneigt angeordneten Stäben,

Fig. 6

eine modulare Schutzschicht mit interner Knautschschicht und äusserer Verkleidung,

Fig. 7

eine Variante einer Schutzschicht mit äusserer Vekleidung,

Fig. 8

das Prinzip einer durchsehbaren und verstellbaren Schutzschicht vor der Frontscheibe eines gepanzerten Fahrzeugs,

Fig. 9

einen Schützenpanzer mit modularen und speziellen Schutzschichten, auch für Sensoren und Ein- und Auslässe,

Fig.10

eine Schutzschicht bestehend aus einem Stahlnetz mit in den Knoten des Netzes eingesetzten Stäben sowie

Fig. 11

eine Schutzschicht in Leichtbauweise hergestellt aus Blechstreifen, die mittels Strahlbearbeitung ausgeschnitten sind.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be illustrated and described with reference to drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

the principle for preventing the initiation of a hollow charge by means of a protective layer, wherein as a variant only in one end region galvanically conductive rod is present,

Fig. 2

a hood of a projectile when hitting a protective layer,

Fig. 3

a further illustration of an obliquely flying projectile when hitting a protective layer,

Fig. 4a

a rod of a protective layer with conical tip,

Fig. 4b

a rod of a protective layer with sharp-edged pin,

Fig. 5

a modular base plate with inclined rods,

Fig. 6

a modular protective layer with internal crumple layer and outer cladding,

Fig. 7

a variant of a protective layer with outer clothing,

Fig. 8

the principle of a visible and adjustable protective layer in front of the windshield of an armored vehicle,

Fig. 9

an armored infantry fighting vehicle with modular and special protective layers, also for sensors and inlets and outlets,

Figure 10

a protective layer consisting of a steel net with rods inserted into the nodes of the net as well

Fig. 11

a protective layer in lightweight construction made of metal strips, which are cut out by means of blasting.

In all figures, the same functional elements are provided with the same reference numerals.

In FIG. 1 1 is a protective layer. In a base plate 2 rods 3 are used in a matrix-like manner and are fixed on the back side with flanges 4 on the base plate 2. The rods 3 project beyond an inner surface 2 'by a length 11. An object 100 striking the object to be protected O in the direction of flight F penetrates with its impact fuze 102 between the rods 3. A thin-walled double hood 101 of the projectile 100 is thereby perforated and electrically short-circuited by the end portions 3b of the rods 3, so that the front-side impact fuse 102 with its piezo sensor can no longer be effective. The double hood 101 is, physically considered, a two-wire planar line for the ignition energy. It connects the impact fuze 102 in a notoriously known manner with a firing chain which accelerates the hollow charge (not shown). The diagonal distance a between the bars 3, 3a, 3b of a matrix of a plurality of bars 3 is at a maximum smaller than the caliber K of the active projectile. In any case, the double hood 101 is thereby "impaled" and short-circuited, but at least compressed; see partial section illustration in Fig. 1 , The entire length l _{0 of} the hood 101, measured from the tip of the Aufschlagzünders 102 to the largest diameter of a lining 104 of a shaped charge 103 is shorter than the free length l _{1 of} the rods 3. This ensures that a penetrated into the protective layer 1 hood 101 is damaged before the impact fuze 102 can be activated. The tips 3 'of the rods 3 are sharp-edged and made of hardened steel and / or have a galvanically conductive coating.

Experiments with rocket-driven shaped charges with an impact velocity of 300 m / s on the protective layer 1 have shown that the initiation of the shaped charge is prevented with almost 100% probability, when the direction of flight F is parallel to the rods 3. The experiments were carried out with 85 mm caliber bullets and with a matrix of 6.5 mm diameter 3 "high-strength steel rods with hardened tips 3 '. The maximum distances a between the bars 3 (measured in the diagonal of the matrix) were 50 mm, whose length 1 ₁ was set at 140 mm.

Fig. 2 shows the unfavorable case of an obliquely striking the bars 3 projectile, with only the hood 101 and the impact fuze 102 are drawn. In this case, the piezo-generator can be activated before the hood 101 is pierced, so that further protective measures in the protective layer 1 are imposed.

Fig. 3 shows a similar situation, but here the probability of ignition of the shaped charge is already much smaller, since a rod 3 has already pierced the hood 101 before touching the Aufschlagzünders 102 with another rod and shorted.

Fig. 4a and 4b show measures to improve the protective effect. It has been shown that piezoelectric impact detonators directly striking the tips 3 'of the bars 3 directly on the front are often completely destroyed before they generate a sufficiently high ignition voltage. The prerequisite for such a destruction are extremely high surface pressures, ie pulses such as those caused by a blunt cone 5 with a sharp-edged tip 6 (FIG. Fig. 4a ) or by a sharp-edged pin 7 of 1 to 2 mm in diameter ( Fig. 4b ) be achieved.

Based on the knowledge from the FIGS. 2 and 3 are according to Fig. 5 the rods 3 at an inclination angle α inserted into the base plate 2, in which case a fictitious flight direction F _{f was} assumed, which corresponds to the threat situation. The inner surface of the base plate 2 is again denoted by 2 '. This allows, like Fig. 5 shows, also optimally protect inclined surfaces.

Fig. 6 shows a protective layer 1 with an inner crush layer 8 made of a corrugated perforated steel sheet, which can absorb kinetic energy if the projectile obliquely penetrates and / or its charge is ignited. In this case, the effect of a shaped charge jet is reduced even then, because the optimal distance to the target, ie the object to be protected O, is exceeded by 2 to 3 times the caliber (stand off). So that the effective length 1 ₁ (see. Fig. 1 ) of the bars 3 is not exceeded, the highest position of the surface 2 ', ie the "wave peaks" of the layer 8 is selected as a measurement basis. To prevent accidental injury and contamination and before getting caught with any objects (branches, etc.), the bars 3 are covered by a lightweight foam 9 (commercially available polymer). Covers 10 are made of thin-walled aluminum plates on the side.

Analogously, the object is after Fig. 7 constructed, here the crush layer 8 consists of a composite plate of metal and plastics. Again, here is the measuring base, the surface 2 ', for the length 1 _{1 of} the rods 3 marked. In contrast to Fig. 6 here is an all-round coverage of the modular protective layer 1 with UV-resistant plastic plates.

Out Fig. 8 are on an armored vehicle 110, the windscreens with a protective layer 1, which is transparent and adjustable. The rods 3 which can be tilted in rows R1 to Rn and in lateral bearings 13 'can be adjusted to the current threat situation by means of a drive 13 with articulated connections 12. The drive 13 is installed in a known roof protection 16 and therefore shown in dashed lines.

Of course, an analog arrangement can also be provided in the not protected on the drawing side windows.

In the presentation Fig. 1 is a particularly, weight-saving development drawn. A rod 3a is made of a rigid composite with carbon fibers. To improve the conductivity of this is metallized at its threat facing surface 3a to one third of the entire 1 ₁ length and carry metallic tips 3 '. The most hardcoat possible is a galvanically conductive layer m, which optionally consists of titanium carbonitride (TiCN) or titanium nitride (TiN) in the present case. The color of the coating is chosen according to the camouflage color of the object. Another advantage of this embodiment is the small "Radarquerschnitt", ie it contributes little to the radar detection and does not affect the other means for "camouflage". Rods in this embodiment are mainly for movable protective layers, analog Fig. 8 intended.

An armed tracked vehicle, Fig. 9 , an armored infantry fighting vehicle 111 for a protected troop transport, is provided with modular protective layers 1 according to FIG Fig. 7 equipped. additionally For example, the two movable optical sensors 112 (controllable thermal imaging cameras) are protected against direct bombardment by adapted lateral covers 10 (protective layers), with integrated rods 3. For illustrative reasons here is also the existing lightweight foam layer, see. Fig. 6 and 7 not shown.

Such protective layers 10 are recommended for all inputs and outputs, such as for air inlets and exhaust openings on vehicles or stationary systems. By way of example, here on the armored infantry vehicle 111, side air intakes 17 are provided with rods 3 and thus protected.

Another variant of a protective layer 1 'consists of a steel net known per se Fig. 10 , in whose node 14 rods 3 are used. The rods 3 are protected by means of a respective gusset plate 15 from twisting. Again, here is the measurement base for the length of the bars 3, the surface 2 ', which corresponds to the maximum height of the gusset plates 15. Welding points are not shown on the gusset plates 15, which give the rods 3 the necessary stability. The node lobes 15 take over together with the mesh of the network 2a, the function of a plate 2, 2 '; see. Fig. 1 to Fig. 7 , In contrast to a plate, however, a net 2a can easily be adapted to the spatial forms of an object to be protected.

In addition to the weight and cost savings can be with this embodiment effectively and in no time at risk endangered objects such as entrances, windows, shafts u. Like. Protected against attacks.

In a lightweight version after Fig. 11 the bars 3 "of a protective layer are made of individual sheet metal strips 50 which have been cut out by means of laser blasting The height of the metal strips 50 corresponds to the length l ₁ plus a web width 51 adapted to the construction, which determines R1-Rn depending on the base plate or carrier To reduce weight, recesses A were cut out FIG. 11 not shown - non-positively welded together. The sheet metal used for the rods 3 "is steel sheet of a few millimeters in thickness, also high-strength aluminum sheets can be used.For this purpose, a well-known beam processing by means of high-pressure water jet application.

Here, the webs take over the function of the plate ( Fig. 1 to Fig. 7 ). This variant allows you to equip a property protection at very short notice. With appropriate dimensioning of the webs (bendable Queschnitte) and curved surfaces can be occupied by a protective layer without gaps.

The after Fig. 11 realized protective coatings are characterized - compared to conventional protective measures - by a relatively low basis weight of 40 kg / m ² (average). The subject invention can be adapted within wide limits to the threat situation. The materials and technologies used are conventional and can be substituted by new and better materials, including composites. Likewise, the article can be adapted in an analogous manner to the object to be protected already existing means against the detection by means of electromagnetic radiation or it can be integrated.

For all embodiments, it is advisable to connect the rods and metal parts 3, 3b, 3 ", R1-Rn to ground (ground) so that all potentials present upon activation of the ignition device are reliably dissipated before they can reach the ignition chain.

The subject invention is not limited to projectiles with shaped charges. It can be used against all Geschose whose ignition process is disturbed by an electrically short-circuited or connected to ground, flat connection line. It can be assumed that the nominal ignition energy of an impact fuze is necessary for the initiation of an active charge and that any still present partial flows are not sufficient for this purpose.

name list

1

protective layer

1'

Stahlnetz

1a

Protective layer for inputs and outputs

2

baseplate

2a

Net (mesh)

2 '

inner surface

3

Rod (steel rod)

3a

Rod (made of carbon fibers)

3b

free end of 3

3 '

End faces of 3

3 '

Staff (flat bar)

4

flange

5

cone

6

Tip (sharp)

7

sharp-edged cones

8th

Knautschschicht

9

Lightweight foam (polymer layer)

10

side covers / protective layers

11

sandwich panel

12

articulation

13

Drive for 12

13 '

lateral bearings

14

node

15

Gusset plate (bracing)

16

roof protection

17

lateral air intakes

50

metal strip

51

web width

100

bullet

101

Hood

102

Impact fuse with piezo generator or piezo sensor

103

shaped charge

104

Lining (liner)

110

armored vehicle

111

Schützenpanzer

112

Optical sensors / cameras

A

recesses

a

largest distance between two bars

α

Tilt angle bars / base plate

F

Flight direction projectile (at the finish)

F _f

fictitious flight direction (threat)

K

Caliber of the projectile

1 ₀

Length of hood

1 ₁

Length rod (measured from 2 ')

m

metallic coating

O

object to be protected

R1-Rn

Carrier for rows of 3

Claims (8)

Object protection against unguided and / or subsonic mid-caliber projectiles with electric impact igniters, comprising a protective layer with matrix-shaped, protruding from a surface pins (3), the pins (3) protrude above an upper inner surface (2) of the protective layer (1) and the diagonal distance (a) between the pins (3) is less than the caliber (K) of the projectile (100) and greater than the tip (102) of the projectile (100) and the rods (3) are made of a solid plate (3). 2), characterized in that the plate (2) is preceded by a crushing layer (8) which absorbs part of the kinetic energy of an impinging projectile (100). Object protection against unguided and / or subsonic mid-caliber projectiles with axially arranged electrical impact igniters with surface-shaped connection lines to the firing chain, wherein the object to be protected has a protective layer with matrix-shaped, protruding from a surface metallic bodies and the metallic body rods or pins (3, 3 ") are at least their surfaces (m) in the end facing away from the protected object end region (3b) are electrically conductive, these rods or pins on an upper inner surface (2 ') protrude the protective layer (1) and the diagonal distance (a) between the bars (3) smaller than the caliber (K) of the active projectile (100) and larger than the tip (102) of the projectile (100) and the bars (3) protrude from a solid plate (2), characterized in that the plate (2) is preceded by a crushing layer (8) which absorbs part of the kinetic energy of an impinging projectile. Protective layer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the crush layer (8) is a corrugated perforated plate made of a steel sheet. Protective layer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the crumple layer (8) is a multilayer composite panel. Protective layer according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that it comprises at least one layer of a metallic sponge. Protective layer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rods (3) are covered on their outer end side (3 ') by at least one flat and continuous outer layer (9; 10). Protective layer according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the end faces (3 ') of the bars (3) have obtuse-angled cones (5) which terminate in sharp points (6). Protective layer according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the end faces (3 ') of the rods (3) are discontinued and have a central sharp-edged pin (7).

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