EP3121548A1 - Heat exchange element - Google Patents

Abstract

Heat exchange element comprising a thermally conductive tube (2) for flow through with a heat exchange fluid and at least one thermally conductive planar on both sides planar and side parallel trained plate member (4) for receiving ambient heat and thermal transmission of ambient heat to the tube (2) and / or recording of Heating heat from the tube (2) and delivery of heat to the environment wherein the tube (2) is arranged on at least one plate element (4) or between at least two plate elements (4) of a plate element arrangement and a contact means for thermal contacting is provided and the contact means a connecting means. In this case, the plate element (4) in the region of a plate element contact surface (5) for thermally conductive contacting with a pipe contact surface (3) to the pipe contact surface by means of a fit (33), with respect to the plate thickness D of the plate member (4) reduced material thickness d adapted to increase the contact surfaces (3, 5) and the connecting means comprises a solder joint and / or an adhesive bond.

Description

The present invention relates to a heat exchange element according to claim 1, a heat exchanger according to claim 16, a method for producing a heat exchange element according to claim 19. Heat exchange elements can be used, for example, in heat exchangers, such as those for cooling / heating rooms or entire buildings in the form of ceiling or Wall panels or even be used directly in the ceiling or wall, find use.

In principle, various heat exchange elements of the prior art are known, but it comes with such heat exchange elements due to at least partially poor thermal conduction between the heat exchange element and directed into the space cooling / heat surface of the heat exchanger to a poor heat exchange and thus poor transmission values, which is why eg in the DE 10 2013 209 961 B4 It is proposed to use an additional heat conducting element.

Furthermore, additional acoustic damping properties are often desired in known heat exchangers for room cooling or heating, which can be improved, for example, by perforations in the front wall, combined with acoustic insulation material designed as extensively as possible on the rear side of the front wall. Since the rear side simultaneously forms the inner heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger, which is for example connected to the plate of a heat exchange element, which is operatively connected to a cooling / heating water transporting pipe, interacts, the acoustically usable area is in competition with the surface usable for cooling with the heat exchange element. Why the cooling / heating power on the one hand and / or the acoustic properties of known heat exchangers limit each other.

Furthermore, in known heat exchangers only plate elements with a relatively small thermally effective surface can be connected to the water or other heat exchange fluid transporting tube, which increases installation costs, costs and weight of the heat exchanger.

Further, it is known in heat exchange elements to use special extruded profiles as pipe supports or plate elements. However, such profiles are designed only for certain applications and very expensive to manufacture, especially for smaller quantities.

Furthermore, it has been found in conventional heat exchange elements that the bonding methods have disadvantages. Thus, conventional solder joints are mechanically sensitive, especially in impact stress, as may occur for example during assembly. In contrast, adhesive bonds show a poor thermal conductivity while in known welding joints by the associated large thermal stress materials, especially materials with different thermal expansion coefficients, strong tend to delay and often have to be reworked. The aim of the present application is to improve at least one of the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art.

A heat exchange element according to the invention comprises, as known from the prior art, a tube for flow with a heat exchange fluid and at least one thermally conductive plate member for receiving ambient heat and thermal transfer of ambient heat to the pipe and / or absorption of heat from the pipe and delivery of Heating energy to the environment.

In this case, the tube is arranged on at least one plate element or between at least two plate elements of a plate element arrangement, wherein at least one contact means for thermal contacting is provided which comprises a connecting means and / or pressing means.

The plate element is in the region of a plate element contact surface for thermally conductive contacting the pipe contact surface by means of a fit, with a relation to the plate thickness D of the plate member reduced material thickness d, adapted to increase the contact surfaces. In this case, the material thickness d may be stepped obliquely or at right angles, stepped or uniformly decreasing toward the center of the fit.

In this case, a pipe via one or more lateral pipe contact surfaces with at least one, or in a plate element arrangement with at least two or more plate elements operatively connected, which in turn at least a plate member contact surface for connection to the pipe contact surface. Under active connection here is a thermally conductive arrangement between pipe or pipe contact surface and opposite contact surface understood that is made by physical, conductive connection means (solder, adhesive, welding) or pressing a contact surface to the other.

The connecting means may comprise a soldered connection and / or an adhesive connection or a welded connection. For further or easier enlargement of the contact surfaces, the tube may have at least one tube contact surface that is at least partially planar in cross-section.

In a preferred embodiment, the heat exchange element comprises one or more plate elements, which are connected in an edge region by an adhesive bond, in a central region by a solder joint with at least one tube. In this case, the solder joint allows a particularly good tube / plate heat transfer, while the adhesive bond ensures a particularly strong and insensitive to impact connection. Even if such an embodiment is particularly well suited with a plate element provided with a fit as described herein, for example by providing the adhesive bond in the edge regions of the fit, it could be stated that quite generally even in the case of conventional heat exchange elements without a fit, the strength or Thermal conductivity can be improved compared to pure solder or pure adhesive bonds. This is especially true for corresponding Feature combinations of the present invention that are not directly related to fit. Preferably, a flux-free solder joint is produced, since it has been shown that such solder joints ensure better strength and conductivity over a longer period of time.

In a further preferred embodiment, the heat exchange element comprises one or more plate elements, which are connected to the at least one tube by at least one or more substantially parallel lines of welding points.

The tube may be parallel or preferably transversely, in particular preferably substantially at a right angle, to be operatively connected to a longitudinal direction L of the plate member with this. By aligning transversely to the plate member connected by soldering and / or gluing or welding sections are shorter, which can not form as large thermal stresses in the compound as in a parallel structure. Nevertheless, when connecting a plurality of plate elements by one or more tubes advantageously clearance gaps between the plate elements are provided. For example, with a plate element width B of 20 to 80 mm, gap S between 10 to 40 mm can be selected. This is especially true for materials with different thermal expansion coefficients, such as when using aluminum plates and copper tubes.

In this case, the tube may also be connected meandering with at least one plate element, wherein the curved Pipe sections preferably lie outside the contact surfaces, therefore, project beyond the plate or the elements laterally, which facilitates a mechanical adjustment of the contact surfaces. Thus, the pipe and plate element in the region of the fit, in particular in the region of the contact surfaces for the heat transfer between the tube and plate member, be made straight, which reduces the cost, since inter alia, the fit can be made straight.

A further preferred embodiment of the heat exchange element results when a dimension X of the plate element parallel to the tube axis in the region of the plate element contact surface is greater than a dimension Y in a region further spaced from the tube. As a result, for example, a boundary line GL defined by the edge of the plate element can be enlarged and plate elements can be designed such that they face one another with boundary lines interspersed with one another, for example on an inner heat exchange surface A _wi , wherein the distance on the one hand is chosen to be small enough To ensure heat conduction from the free surface to the plate member, on the other hand big enough to attach each desired acoustic damping elements between the plates. Corresponding forms which can be combined with one another and preferably area ratios or areas to limit line ratios are described below with reference to the corresponding FIGS FIGS. 7, 8 and 11 shown and described.

In a further embodiment of the heat exchange element, the plate element can have longitudinal holes oriented perpendicular to the tube axis in the region of the pressing plane. As a result, the weight of the plate element can be significantly reduced, without interrupting the heat flow in the direction of the tube. Thus, it is also possible to substantially increase the thermally effective surface (s) of the plate element operatively connected to a tube, for example the contact surface or the rear side thereof, whereby on the one hand from the lighter design of the plate element, on the other hand from the lower piping requirement a clear Weight saving results. In conventional plate elements of the prior art, widths between 80 to 135 mm can be realized with conventional tube diameters of 5 to 20 mm, preferably 8 to 15 mm, in the case of a central tube mounted longitudinally on the plate element. In the case of corresponding plate elements provided with longitudinal holes, widths b of 80 to 1000 mm are possible. A corresponding by a factor of 3 to about 12 larger area per tube unit can thus be realized. Furthermore, for example, for use in a heat exchanger, the free spaces of the heat exchanger formed by the longitudinal holes are also available with appropriate dimensioning of the longitudinal holes for acoustic damping measures, as described above. Thus, for example, the holes of the front wall of the heat exchanger may overlap at least partially with the holes or longitudinal holes of the plate element, flanges of the front wall holes and / or corresponding flat insulating material (nonwovens, grid, etc.) may be provided. The latter can also be arranged for simplicity, eg analogously to heat exchangers with tubes applied directly to the inner heat exchange surface, covering the entire surface between the tubes, ie plate element and free surface.

In order to give the plate element also acoustically damping properties, this can have in any embodiment, a larger number in a rear, so the pressing surface opposite direction rounded round holes. These can be provided at least in certain surface areas in addition to the longitudinal holes, the latter can also be carried out crimped. In a simple manner, the curling can take place by means of a punching tool rounded off at the cutting edges for producing the holes.

In a further embodiment of the heat exchange element, the side of the plate element facing away from the tube or the sides of the at least two plate elements of the plate element arrangement facing away from the tube extends on either side of a plane of symmetry S of the heat exchange element in each case in a different plane A, A ' the planes A, A 'in the plane of symmetry S, along a line of intersection between the plane of symmetry S and a parallel to a tube axis Z and perpendicular to the plane of symmetry S extending fourth plane H, intersect. In this case, the planes A, A 'to the plane H each form an acute angle α, α', so that the Heat exchange element (1) with the planes A, A 'resiliently to a fourth plane H parallel heat exchange surface 21 can be pressed. The plane of symmetry S is understood here and below to mean a plane S that divides the heat exchange element symmetrically and is perpendicular to the heat exchange surface.

In a preferred embodiment, the angles .alpha., .Alpha. 'Are equal in magnitude and / or open in a direction opposite to the plane of symmetry S, in this case on the same side of the plane H opposite the tube. The angle is preferred from 1 to 15 °, especially preferably from 2 to 10 °.

The contact pressure means may in principle be fixed on the tube-facing side of the plate element (s), or co-operate with a heat exchanger comprising the heat exchanger or a building element mounted on or in a building surface such that the heat transfer between the tube and plate element and / or between the plate element and an internal heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger is improved. In the case of an angled pipe to plate element assembly as described above, the heat exchange element is pressed by the pressing means advantageously against the inner heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger that the angle α, α 'are substantially equal to 0 ° and thus the entire contact surface is available for heat exchange ,

For a heat exchange element according to the invention, plate elements with a plate thickness D of 0.5 are preferred Up to 3.0 mm, preferably used a thickness of 1 to 2 mm, which are suitable for the construction of very shallow and light heat exchangers. Accordingly, it is also preferred to use very shallow fits having a depth of 0.3 to 1.5 mm, preferably of 0.6 to 1 mm, in order not to reduce the stability of the plate elements too much. Fits that are circular segment-shaped in the edge region or in the entire cross section are preferred.

Alternatively or additionally, the fit may comprise a flat surface or consist of a flat surface.

The average roughness of the contact surfaces is set to a Ra range of 0.05 to 2.0 μm, preferably 0.1 to 1 μm. The latter is also advantageous, for example, for a plate element / pipe arrangement with obliquely cut plates, since then a connection, for example, in a central region of the plate thickness is possible and, for example. Liquid adhesive or solder the total contact surface by capillary adhesion in the gap region on both sides of the pipe contact line on the obliquely cut Side surface of the plate element enlarged. Furthermore, the connection to and from the plate element also facilitates the supply / discharge of the heat through a central connection with respect to the plate thickness.

In a further embodiment, the heat exchange element has a solder gap. This can be advantageously set with a depth between 0.05 to 0.3 mm. If the Lotspalt thereby by two provided in the edge region of the fitting spacing stages and the lying on it Tube formed, this can be particularly narrow, for example. Between 0.05 and 0.2 mm, designed without liquid solder exits laterally when placing the tube on the plate. This applies in particular if an adhesive bond is additionally provided on the spacer steps. The width of the distance step can be set between 2 and 5 mm. If an interrupted distance step or distance nubs is used, a slightly greater distance of 0.1 to 0.3 mm is more favorable.

Preferably, the plate member is made of a light metal, in particular of aluminum due to its good heat-conducting property and low weight. Preferred material for the tube is copper, but here also another metal, for example also aluminum may be used.

In a further preferred embodiment, the tube may be connected in the region of the fit with the plate element by a welded joint SV. The welding connection SV advantageously comprises at least one sequence of spot welds arranged parallel to the tube axis, whereby a lesser distortion could be achieved in comparison with continuous welds.

The welding connection SV, in particular the welding points, can be attached from the side of the plate element facing away from the tube. Also on the side facing away from the tube of the fit can thinning of the plate material, for example. In the form of one or more Beads or depressions may be arranged parallel to the fit.

The material thickness d can be set in the region of the fit, in particular in the region of a welded joint between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, which facilitates the welding process.

Quite generally, it has proved to be advantageous for welded heat exchange elements 1 with a weld running from below (ie from the side of the plate element facing away from the tube) to choose plate thicknesses D between 0.5 and 10 mm.

Another object of the present invention is a heat exchanger having at least one heat exchange element as described above, with a front wall comprising an inner heat exchange surface and an opposite outer heat exchange surface, wherein the contact surface A _{pr of} the heat exchange element is smaller than the inner heat exchange surface A _wi and the ratio A _pr / A _{wi is} in a range of 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in a range of 0.4 and 0.6.

The area of the inner heat exchange surface A _wi which is not in contact with the contact surface A _pr , is also called free space and is, for example, for acoustic damping measures available.

Preferably, the ratio between the inner heat exchange surface A _wi and the boundary line GL of the at least one heat exchange element is set between 0.5 and 3 cm, particularly preferably between 0.9 and 1.8.

Furthermore, an acoustic damper may be arranged on a portion of the inner heat exchange surface A _wi between the tube (s) and / or the plate elements, in particular on an open space. As the free surface is here understood the surface of the inner heat exchange surface A _wi , which is not in contact with a contact surface of a plate member. The acoustic damper may comprise one or more mats of non-woven material and / or a perforated or grid plate. Such a damper may also be additionally arranged in a rear area with respect to the heat exchange element.

A heat exchanger according to the invention comprises at least one heat exchange element as described above and a front wall as described above, and preferably a housing which in addition to the front wall also comprises a side wall. For pressing the heat exchange element to the inner heat exchange surface while contact means, the connecting means and / or pressing means, provided.

The contact pressure means may comprise a rear wall and / or a clamping device interacting with the side wall, in particular with the rear region of the side wall, for example in the form of a bayonet closure.

Thermal insulation material may additionally be arranged in a rear area with respect to the heat exchange element, in order, for example, to thermally isolate the heat exchanger from the building mass, if necessary.

The front wall of the heat exchanger may preferably comprise an aluminum plate, particularly preferably an aluminum plate pretreated on the front side, therefore on the outer heat exchange surface. For example, the pre-treatment can be used to condition the surface in such a way that it can be brushed or plastered.

Tube and plate of the heat exchanger can in principle by various composite methods, such as welding, for example, spot or line welding, by gluing, for example by means of UV-curing adhesive or by means of thermally reactive adhesive, which is applied to at least one contact surface (eg. With protective film) and melted by heat, be joined together. However, the soldering method described below has proven to be particularly suitable, the mechanical (pre) machining of the pipe contact surface described in greater detail also being advantageous with respect to a composite with other composite methods, in particular those mentioned above.

• Erwärmen des Plattenelements auf eine erste Löttemperatur T1 und Aufbringen von Lötzinn mittels Ultraschall auf einer Plattenelementkontaktfläche;
• Erwärmen des Rohrs auf eine zweite Löttemperatur T2 und Aufbringen von Lötzinn mittels Ultraschall auf einer Rohrkontaktfläche;
• Ausrichten der Rohrkontaktfläche an bzw. auf der Plattenelementkontaktfläche und Erwärmen des Plattenelements und des Rohrs auf eine dritte Löttemperatur T3 der Plattenelementkontaktfläche bzw. eine vierte Löttemperatur T4 des Rohrs, wobei Plattenelement und Rohr gegen einander, vorzugsweise unter Ausübung eines Anpressdrucks, gehalten und anschliessend fortwährend gehalten durch Abkühlen miteinander verbunden werden. Lötzinn steht hier und im Folgenden synonym für unterschiedliche, bevorzugt zinnhaltige Lotlegierung.

The method for producing a heat exchange element, in particular a heat exchange element according to the invention, with at least one pipe for flowing through with a heat exchange fluid and at least one thermally conductive plate element for receiving ambient heat and thermal transmission of ambient heat to the Pipe or / and absorbing heat from the pipe and dissipating heat to the environment, includes the following steps:

• Heating the plate member to a first soldering temperature T1 and ultrasonically applying solder on a plate member contact surface;
• Heating the tube to a second brazing temperature T2 and ultrasonically applying solder on a tube contacting surface;
• Aligning the pipe contact surface on or on the Plattenelementkontaktfläche and heating the plate member and the tube to a third soldering temperature T3 of Plattenelementkontaktfläche or a fourth soldering temperature T4 of the tube, said plate member and tube against each other, preferably under application of a contact pressure, held and then kept continuously be connected by cooling. Solder is synonymous here and below for different, preferably tin-containing solder alloy.

Preferably, the plate element contact surfaces are adjusted in an upstream process by mechanical processing of the plate member to the contour of the pipe contact surface to increase the contact surface. Particularly suitable for small series are mechanical processing steps that include milling, grinding, sawing or embossing.

Thus, for example, for heat exchangers or heat exchange elements usual pipe outside diameter of 12 mm, preferably by milling a channel-shaped, At least in the edge region circular segment-shaped fit with a depth of 0.3 to 1.5 mm, preferably from 0.6 to about 1 mm are made on a simple-shaped, thin plate to produce a larger Platenkontaktfläche for attachment of a cylindrical or a flattened tube. The plate thickness is 0.5 to 3 mm, preferably about 1 to 2 mm. The recess of the channel has a chord length of about 5 mm to attach pipes with a diameter of about 5 to 20 mm. The segment depth of the channel can thus be advantageously set in a range between 2 to 12%, preferably in a range between 5 and 8% of the tube outer diameter.

Alternatively, a corresponding plate can also be divided into two halves by means of a correspondingly deeper round cut, and these can subsequently be connected to two sides of the tube which lie opposite one another with respect to the plane of symmetry Z. As a result, flat plates in two different planes A, A ', as described above, can also be fastened to the tube on both sides. Alternatively, the plates may instead be cut obliquely. In any case, the mean roughness of the milling or cutting surface should be set to a Ra range as indicated above in order to enable a center connection with large-area solder connection with respect to the plate thickness.

If spacer steps or spacer knobs are provided in the edge region of the fitting prior to bonding, the adjustment of the roughness in the solder gap is less critical.

To produce a heat exchange element with an angle α, α ', such plate elements can be attached laterally corresponding to the pipe, whereas one-piece plate elements with attached pipe are pre-bent symmetrically as needed to fit.

Furthermore, the tube can be connected to the plate element (s) at at least one tube contact surface that is at least partially planar in cross-section.

By using a geometrically simple and thin plate material, the abovementioned mechanical methods make it possible to manufacture particularly lightweight and flexible heat exchanger elements which are also of large design and which can in principle also be connected to other methods, for example by gluing or welding.

• mechanische Bearbeitung des Plattenelements um dieses mittels einer in die Oberfläche eingebrachte Passung an die Kontur der Rohrkontaktfläche anzupassen und die Kontaktflächen zu vergrössern, wobei die Plattendicke D des Plattenelements im Bereich der Passung auf eine Materialdicke d verringert wird;
• Ausrichten der Rohrkontaktfläche an der Plattenelementkontaktfläche im Bereich der Passung;
• Fixieren des Plattenelements und des Rohrs gegen einander, wobei vorzugsweise ein Anpressdruck ausgeübt wird;
• Anbringen zumindest einer parallel zur Rohrachse angeordnete Abfolge von Punktschweissungen zur Verbindung des Rohrs mit dem Plattenelement.

A further subject of the present invention is a method for producing a heat exchange element, in particular a welded heat exchange element as described above, which comprises the following steps:

• machining the plate member to conform it to the contour of the tube contact surface by means of a surface fit fitment and to enlarge the contact surfaces, reducing the plate thickness D of the plate member in the region of fit to a material thickness d;
• Aligning the tube contact surface with the plate element contact surface in the region of the fit;
• Fixing the plate member and the tube against each other, wherein preferably a contact pressure is applied;
• Attaching at least one sequence of spot welds arranged parallel to the tube axis for connecting the tube to the plate element.

In addition, in a further upstream mechanical processing step, the material thickness d in the region of the fit can be reduced further by attaching a thinning on the side of the plate element facing away from the tube.

In general, the welded connection is advantageously applied in an area of the fit in which the material thickness d is between 0.1 to 0.5 mm, in particular set by one or both sides preceding mechanical processing, which also applies to two-part laterally set plate elements.

In this case, the welded connection can be mounted from the pipe side facing, "lower" side of the plate member, for example by laser or US welding. In the latter case, a sonotrode acting from above on the tube can be used in addition to the lower sonotrode.

Another object of the present invention is a method for producing a heat exchanger, preferably a heat exchanger according to the invention with a heat exchange element according to the invention produced with a preferably pre-coated with adhesive heat exchange element adhered to the inner heat exchange surface and / or is clamped. In this case, the plate element of the heat exchange element is preferably precoated with an adhesive in a preceding method step, provided with a protective film and then soldered to a pipe before it is glued to the front wall of the heat exchanger.

Furthermore, in an adhesive bonding or clamping step directly upstream of an acoustic damper on an open space of the inner heat exchange surface A _{wi be} placed, wherein the damper overlaps at least partially with edge regions of a heat exchange contact surface, for heat transfer between contact surface A _pr and inner heat exchange surface A _wi and in a second step, the heat exchange element with the contact surface A _{pr is} glued or clamped on the heat exchange contact surface, so that damper and heat exchange element with the heat exchanger in only one step (wirk) are connected.

With regard to the soldering process, ultrasound heads which are adapted to the shape of the respective contact surface are advantageously used for the application of the solder. Thus, the soldering temperature can be kept lower, causes a particularly uniform distribution of the solder and / or the automation of the process can be facilitated.

The soldering temperatures T1, T2, T3, T4 are selected in a range between 130 and 250 ° C, thereby preferably between about 178 ° and about 221 ° C, wherein at least the temperatures T1 and T3, preferably at most between 170 and 200 °, while preferably adjusted to about 180 ° C. This makes it possible, for example, with adhesive and advantageously with a protective film pre-coated plate elements to be soldered, which can be particularly easy, for example. Stick locally on the inner heat exchange surface of a heat exchanger. Although T2 and T4 can in principle be set higher, it has proved to be advantageous to set T4 as analogously as possible to T3, ie to the same temperature in order to achieve optimum adhesion and heat transfer of the connected parts.

Brief Description:

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to figures and examples. It should be noted that the representation of the figures is purely schematic and for the purpose of better representation of the details essential to the invention, neither scale nor proportion takes place. Examples of preferred dimensions or dimensions can be found in the general description above and in the description of the figures or claims as follows. The same reference numerals in different drawings designate the same object, or the same function of the object.

Figur 1:

Ein Wärmeaustauschelement des Standes der Technik

Figur 2:

Ein weiteres Wärmeaustauschelement des Standes der Technik

Figur 3:

Ein erfindungsgemässes Wärmeaustauschelement

Figur 4:

Ein weiteres erfindungsgemässes Wärmeaustauschelement

Figur 5

und Figur 6: Mehrteiliger Wärmeaustauschelementverbund

Figur 7

und Figur 8: Weitere Ausführungsformen des Wärmeaustauschelements

Figur 9:

Wärmetauscher

Figur 10:

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmeaustauschelements

Figur 11:

Wärmetauscher

Figur 12:

Verbindung mit Abstandsstufen

Figur 13:

Verbindung mit Abstandsnoppen

Figur 14:

Klebe-/Lötverbindung

Figur 15:

Schweissverbindungen

The figures show the following:

FIG. 1:

A heat exchange element of the prior art

FIG. 2:

Another heat exchange element of the prior art

FIG. 3:

A heat exchange element according to the invention

FIG. 4:

Another inventive heat exchange element

FIG. 5

and FIG. 6 : Multipart heat exchange element composite

FIG. 7

and FIG. 8 : Further embodiments of the heat exchange element

FIG. 9:

heat exchangers

FIG. 10:

Method for producing a heat exchange element

FIG. 11:

heat exchangers

FIG. 12:

Connection with distance steps

FIG. 13:

Connection with spacer knobs

FIG. 14:

Adhesive / solder

FIG. 15:

welds

This in FIG. 1 illustrated prior art heat exchange element 1 'consists of a tube 2', which is held in a hollow profile of an extruded plate member 4 '. In this case, tube 2 'and plate member 4' are connected to each other by welding connections 16. Due to the punctiform or linear welding, there is a direct heat-conducting material contact between the pipe and the welding lines only at the welding points or welding lines Plate element, which is detrimental to the heat transfer. Furthermore, extruded profiles are costly for small series, if they can only be used for one pipe dimension.

Another heat exchange element 1 "of the prior art, such as out DE 10 2013 209 961 B4 known, is in FIG. 2 shown. In this case, a unilaterally flattened tube 2 "is connected by means of an adhesive bond 17 via tube contact surfaces 3" and plate contact surfaces 5 "with a plate or contact element 4" designed as a simple profile. The disadvantage here is that between the contact surfaces 3 "and 5" is an adhesive layer, which prevents a good thermal conductivity metallic contact between the tube 2 "and plate, or contact element 4". Therefore, here a heat conduction plate 27 was provided to improve the heat transfer.

FIG. 3 shows a tube according to the invention heat exchange element 1. The tube axis Z, is aligned centrally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchange element 1 and the tube by solder 18 or any other good conductive solder joint to the plate member 4 connected. Due to the metallic large-area solder connection on the plate element contact surface 5, which is adapted here to the pipe contact surface 3 as described in more detail below, a significantly improved heat exchange can be ensured. In the present For example, in the region of the fit 33, the material thickness d is reduced approximately in the manner of a circle segment in relation to the plate thickness D of the plate element 4. It can, especially at larger angles α, α '(see also for function FIG. 4 and description thereof) the fit in the laterally spaced from the plane of symmetry areas slightly larger than a circle segment, for example. Parabolic, to absorb when pressing the heat exchanger, the pressure, for example, by the solder and / or the adhesive between the tube and heat exchange element 4, thereby simultaneously the heat transfer is improved. This can be achieved particularly simply by inserting the fit 33 into a flat plate material, then assembling it to the desired plate size and, if desired, bending the plate elements at the center line of the fit, in the present example also in the plane of symmetry S of the plate element 4. Other geometries, eg Trough-shaped with flat bottom to adapt to unilaterally flattened tubes, etc. can be realized so easily.

Another inventive heat exchange element 1 shows FIG. 4 , in which instead of a plate element, two plate elements 4 are used, which are attached laterally to the tube 2. Furthermore, in FIGS. 3 and 4 it can be seen that the two plate elements 4 lie in two planes A, A 'which are angled with respect to the plane of symmetry S. In this case, the planes form a plane H parallel to the tube axis Z and perpendicular to the plane of symmetry relative to the horizontal plane H extending in the figure Angle α, α 'and intersect the plane of symmetry S together with the plane H. The angle range for α, α' is preferably between 1 and 15 °, particularly preferably between 2 and 10 °. This ensures that the planes A, A 'of the heat exchange element are elastically resiliently pressed against a parallel to the plane H heat exchange surface. By the flat pressing of the deflecting by the angular adjustment plate elements, the heat transfer to an inner heat exchange surface 21 of a heat exchanger 8 can be significantly improved. The plate element 4 is also here on both sides substantially planar and parallel to the side and forms a fit to the tube 33, in this case circular segment or parabolic. In a simple variant, an oblique gate of the plate element 4 as a fit 33 can also be sufficient.

FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show an arrangement of a plurality of plate elements 4, which are interconnected by means of a meandering tube 2. The tube 2 runs in FIG. 5 transverse to the longitudinal direction L of the plate elements 4, while in FIG. 6 the tube runs parallel to the longitudinal direction L of the plate elements. In both cases, the curved pipe sections are advantageously outside the contact surfaces.

FIGS. 7a and 7b show two further preferred embodiments of the present invention, wherein a dimension x of the plate member parallel to the tube axis in the or at the plate element contact surface is greater than a dimension y in a further spaced from the tube 2 area. In this case, the change in dimensions in the dimensions of the plate member 4 as in Figure 7a shown continuously, for example, as here as laterally projecting triangles. On the other hand, the dimensions can be as in FIG. 7b as an example, also change abruptly when wide and narrow areas of the plate element alternate along the tube axis Z. As will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, combinations of shapes of the plate element (s) that vary in part continuously or in part with respect to the width dimensions b may also be used here. Also, depending on the need and amount of heat exchanger to be manufactured either specially tailored to a size plate elements or flexible for smaller batch sizes or different heat exchangers used, for example, one after the other can be arranged geometric shaped plate elements 4, such as Fig. 7B shown used.

FIG. 8a schematically shows two further possibilities for carrying out a heat exchange element according to the invention. In this case, in an upper region of the plate element or elements 4 in the drawing, longitudinal holes 6 can be seen whose orientation is perpendicular to the tube axis Z in order to influence the heat flow as little as possible. By attaching appropriate longitudinal holes, it is possible on the one hand without or with only a slight increase in the Total weight of the heat exchange element substantially larger areas, for example, in the dimensions of the entire inner heat exchange surface A _wi 21 of a heat exchanger 8, to provide for heat exchange. Furthermore, the free surface 28 of the heat exchanger, for example, can be increased to provide acoustically damping elements. Under free surface 28 is here understood the internal heat exchange surface A _wi a heat exchanger 8, which is not in direct contact with the contact surface Apr of the plate or elements. Finally, it is possible by such measures to increase the thermal conductivity of the entire cooling / heating surface, here front wall 10 of the heat exchanger 8, since in each case many but only small or narrow open spaces, each with short Wärmeleitwegen to the next connected to a contact surface 25 area ,

If a width b of 80 to 135 mm is possible with conventional heat exchange elements, then this width, while maintaining a comparable transmission value, can advantageously be chosen between 400 to 1000 mm with a corresponding perforation.

Another purpose is fulfilled by the round holes shown in the lower part of the plate element or elements 4, which at their, as in FIG. 8b shown, the heat exchange surface opposite side have a flange.

Corresponding curls can also be provided on the longitudinal holes. Also a combination of acoustic effective holes and corresponding longitudinal holes is possible.

FIG. 9 shows a heat exchanger 8 according to the invention with an inserted heat exchange element 2, that here comprises a tube 2 with a plate elements 4 attached thereto. Analogous to that regarding the FIGS. 3 and 4 Described lies the Anpress level 25 of the plate elements without pressure not exactly on the heat exchanger level A _wi 26 of the heat exchanger 8. Only by pressing with or in Figure 9A symbolically represented by an arrow pressing means 11, which in FIG. 9B by way of example as a clamping device 12 engaging in the housing of the heat exchanger 8, the pressing planes 25 are brought into heat-conducting contact with the heat exchanger plane 21 of the heat exchanger 8. This can be done either directly or in combination with a supporting preferably pre-coated on the contact surface of the plate elements 4 thin adhesive layer. In addition, any voids 24 between heat exchanger level 21 and heat exchange element 1, for example, under the solder or glue line of laterally fixed to the tube plate elements, be filled with thermal grease, which may alternatively be applied to Anpressebene 25 and / or Wärmetauschebene. The heat exchanger 8 can also contain other heat exchange elements according to the invention or a combination thereof, as described for example in the figures and descriptions.

FIG. 10 shows the steps of a method according to the invention for producing a heat exchange element 1. In this case, as in FIG. 10a exemplified as a plate member contact surface 5 is coated with solder, wherein the plate member 4 heat Q supplied and after reaching a soldering temperature T1, the solder is evenly and thinly distributed by means of a contour of the plate element contact surface 5 adapted ultrasonic head 15. The heat can be supplied by heat radiation or by direct contact with the heating elements 20 and / or a heated if necessary worktop 19. The US treatment during this soldering step reduces the surface tension of the molten solder, allowing a particularly uniform and thin application.

Simultaneously or staggered to the pipe contact surface 3 can also be coated with solder after heating the tube with the aid of an adapted to the outer circumference of the tube 2, and the pipe contact surface 3 ultrasonic head 15 '. Then, as in FIG. 10c shown, the pipe contact surface 3 aligned on the plate member contact surface 5 and plate member 4 and tube 2, brought in the present case by means of heating elements 20 to a third and fourth brazing temperature T3, T4. In this case, tube 2 and plate member 4 are preferably held under the application of a contact pressure and cooled, whereby the heat exchange element is completed. It has proven to be advantageous in this case to set the temperature of the tube and the plate element as equal as possible.

FIGS. 12 and 13 show different embodiments of a heat exchange element with Lotspalt 30. It is in FIG. 12 the solder gap formed by laterally provided in the fit spacing stages 31 between the tube 2 and plate member 4. The spacing steps 31 can be produced in a simple manner, for example, by lifting the fit-producing circular milling cutter in the edge regions of the fit. Alternatively, as in FIG. 13 shown, the gap formed by spacer cam 32. The latter can be placed, glued, soldered together or advantageously formed from the material of the plate element itself, for example by attaching defined welding bumps. The latter can be produced by means of spot welding electrodes, which are pressed in the direction of the fitting from a side lying opposite the fitting.

FIG. 14 shows a heat exchange element in which the tube 2 is connected to the plate member 4 by an adhesive bond 17 and a solder joint 18. The adhesive bond 17 is located on both the pipe 2 opposite edge regions of the plate member 4, or in the end of the fit, while the solder joint 18 is located therebetween. It goes without saying for the person skilled in the art that other arrangements are also possible, for example an optionally additional splice in the middle. The provision of the two adhesive bonds in the edge region of the fit, however, has the advantage that thereby leakage of the solder, for example during assembly of the parts of the heat exchanger, can be prevented.

Figure 15 A to D shows various design options for the execution of welding connection of a heat exchange element 1 according to the invention in cross section. In FIGS. 15A and B Fig. 3 shows a configuration with tube 2 and one-piece plate element 4, where A shows a connection with a single-row sequence, Fig. B shows a connection with a double-row sequence of spot welds.

In FIG. 15C a plate element 4 is shown, in which in a further upstream mechanical processing step, the material thickness d in the region of the fit 33 by attaching a thinning 34, here in the form of a bead on the side facing away from the tube 2 of the plate member 4, was additionally reduced. In this way, somewhat thicker plate thicknesses D can be used or the fit 33 can be made less deep and nevertheless a material thickness d between 0.1 and 0.5 mm in the region of the fit 33, which is particularly suitable for the production of a secure welding connection SV, can be set. This is because, in heat exchange elements 1 according to the invention, the welded connection in the fit 33 is attached starting from the side of the plate element 4 facing away from the tube 2. For example, laser or ultrasonic (US) welding devices can be used. Such additionally thinned plate elements 4 may also be advantageous for soldering and / or adhesive connections, for example in order to control the temperature during the connection process with particular precision.

In FIG. 11 Different variants of a heat exchanger 8 are shown in plan view from the back. It shows Figure 11A a known conventional heat exchanger, with a heat exchange element which consists of a plate member 4 with a tube 2 attached to the rear side. The heat exchange element lies with the contact surface on the inner heat exchange surface A _{wi of} the heat exchanger on which an open space 28 is formed between the edges of the contact surface and the outer periphery of the heat exchange surface. This is at a here assumed heat exchange surface A _wi of 200 cm ² (length l _wi of 20, width b _wi of 10 cm) and a contact surface A _pr of 144 cm ² (length l _wi of 18, width b _wi of 8 cm) at 66 cm ² , which corresponds to an area ratio of A _pr / A _wi = 0.72. Since in such heat exchangers usually in addition to the heat exchange performance and certain acoustic properties, in particular sound-absorbing properties are required for the attachment of such sound-absorbing elements, such as. Damping and / or nonwovens only the narrow area between contact surface A _pr and outer periphery of the heat exchange surface A. _wi . This can not be widened arbitrarily, otherwise the desired heat exchange between the heat exchanger and plate element is worse. In order to keep it as efficient as possible over the entire heat exchanger, namely the distance of any, not in direct contact with the contact surface surface element of the heat exchange surface to a, defined by the edge of the contact surface limit line GL as low as possible or the ratio of heat exchange surface to limit line A _wi / GL (here 3.8 cm) should be as small as possible.

Accordingly, in the Figures 11B and 11C Configurations for heat exchangers according to the invention are shown, as they can be realized in a simple manner with plate elements according to the invention. It will be in FIG. 11B 6 Plate elements with a dimension of 2 x 8 cm, in FIG. 11C 10 Plate elements with a dimension of 1 x 8 cm in a rectangular heat exchanger used as described above. Thus, an area ratio A _pr / A _wi of 0.48 or 0.4 and a ratio A _wi / GL of 1.67 or 1.1 cm can be achieved. This is a much better heat exchange compared to the prior art possible.

Another possibility to improve the corresponding ratios (A _pr / A _wi or A _wi / GL) is in Figure 11D represented, in the edge region wavy shaped plate elements are used with at least partially parallel border lines. An analogous structure is basically also with others, for example FIG. 7A and / or 7B known geometries of the plate elements possible.

Although individual features are mentioned only in connection with individual examples, corresponding features can also be combined with other examples or more generally with embodiments resulting from the general disclosure of the invention, unless such a combination, as readily apparent to one skilled in the art opens up, obviously would be inappropriate.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Heat exchange element

2

pipe

3

Pipe contact surface

4

panel member

5

Panel member contact surface

6

longitudinal hole

7

round hole

8th

heat exchangers

9

Side wall

10

front wall

11

pressing means

12

clamping device

13

damper

14

insulation material

15

US head (ultrasound head)

16

welded joint

17

adhesive bond

18

solder

19

countertop

20

heating element

21

Inner heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger

22

External heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger

23

Fleece and / or plate

24

gap

25

pressing surface

26

coating

27

heat conducting

28

open space

29

Heat exchange contact surface

30

solder gap

31

spacer stage

32

Abstandsnoppe

33

fit

34

Thinning, beading

A, A '

1st and 2nd level

B

Width of the plate element

D

Plate thickness (thickness of the plate element (4))

d

Material thickness of the plate element in the area of the fit

H

3rd level (horizontal plane)

L

Longitudinal direction, length of the plate element

SV

welded joint

S

gap width

x

Dimension of the plate element parallel to the tube axis in the region of the plate element contact surface

y

Dimension of the plate element parallel to the tube axis in a further spaced from the tube area

Z

pipe axis

Claims (23)

Heat exchange element comprising a thermally conductive tube (2) for flow through with a heat exchange fluid and at least one thermally conductive planar on both sides planar and side parallel trained plate member (4) for receiving ambient heat and thermal transmission of ambient heat to the tube (2) and / or recording of Heating heat from the tube (2) and delivery of heat to the environment wherein the tube (2) on at least one plate element (4) or between at least two plate elements (4) of a plate element arrangement is arranged and a contact means for thermal contacting is provided, said Contact means comprises a connecting means,
characterized,
in that the plate element (4) is adapted in the region of a plate element contact surface (5) for thermally conductive contacting with a tube contact surface (3) to the tube contact surface by means of a fitting (33) with a material thickness d reduced in relation to the plate thickness D of the plate element (4) to increase the contact surfaces (3, 5) and the connecting means comprises a solder joint and / or an adhesive bond. Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one tube (2) transversely, thereby preferably substantially at a right angle to a longitudinal direction L of the at least one plate member (4) is operatively connected thereto. Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube (2) is meandering with at least one plate element (4) operatively connected. Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube (2) and plate element is made straight in the region of the fit. Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate elements (4) perpendicular to the tube axis aligned longitudinal holes (6). Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate elements (4) in one direction beaded round holes (7). Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate element (4) or the plate element arrangement extends on both sides of a plane of symmetry S of the heat exchange element (1) in each case a plane A, A ', wherein the planes A, A 'in the plane of symmetry S, along a line of intersection between the plane of symmetry S and a parallel to a tube axis Z and perpendicular to the plane of symmetry S extending fourth plane H, cut and the plane H each form an acute angle α, α', so that the heat exchange element (1 ) with the planes A, A 'resiliently to a fourth plane H parallel heat exchange surface W is pressed. Heat exchange element according to claim 7, characterized in that the angles α, α 'are equal in magnitude. Heat exchange element according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the angles α, α 'in a range between 1 to 15 °, preferably between 2 to 10 °. Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate element (4) has a plate thickness D of 0.5 to 3 mm, preferably a thickness of 1 to 2 mm. Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fit is circular segment-shaped in the edge region or in the entire cross section, preferably with a depth of 0.3 to 1.5 mm or 2 to 12% of the outer diameter of the tube, preferably from 0.6 to 1 mm or 5 to 8% of the outside diameter of the pipe. Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fit comprises or is a flat surface whose mean roughness is set to a Ra range of 0.05 to 2.0 microns, preferably from 0.1 to 1 micron. Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat exchange element comprises a solder gap 30 formed by spacer steps 31 or spacer cams 32 between the tube 2 and the plate element 4. Heat exchange element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube 2 is connected to the plate member 4 by an adhesive bond 17 and a solder joint 18. Heat exchange element according to claim 14, characterized in that the adhesive bond 17 at least in one end region of the fitting (33) opposite, but preferably in both the pipe 2 opposite edge regions of the plate member 4 and the solder joint 18 between the other end of the fit and one end region, but preferably between the end regions, is mounted between the adhesive bonds. Heat exchanger with at least one heat exchange element (1) according to one of the preceding claims. A heat exchanger according to claim 16 including a front wall (10) comprising an inner heat exchange surface (21) and an opposite outer heat exchange surface (22), the contact surface A _pr (25) of the heat exchange element (1) being smaller than the inner heat exchange surface A _wi ( 21) and the ratio A _pr / A _{wi is set} in a range of 0.3 to 0.7, preferably in a range of 0.4 and 0.6. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 16 to 17, characterized in that it comprises pressing means (28) for improving the heat transfer, which cooperate with the heat exchanger (8) or a building element mounted on or in a building surface, so that the heat exchange element against an internal heat exchange surface (21) of the heat exchanger (8) is pressed, whereby in the case of an angle between the planes A, A ', the angles α, α' are substantially equal to 0 °. Method for producing a heat exchange element (1), in particular a heat exchange element according to one of claims 1 to 18, comprising at least one tube (2) for flowing through with a heat exchange fluid and at least one thermally conductive plate element (4) for receiving ambient heat and thermal propagation of the ambient heat to the pipe and / or to absorb heating heat from the pipe and to deliver the heating heat to the environment, the method comprising the following steps: - introducing a fit into a surface of the plate element (4) by mechanical processing, wherein the plate thickness D of the plate element in the region of the fit (33) is reduced to a material thickness d and adapted to the contour of the tube contact surface (3) to the contact surfaces ( 3, 5) to enlarge; - Heating the plate member (4) to a first soldering temperature T1 and ultrasonically applying solder on a plate element contact surface (5) in the region of the fit (33); - Heating the tube to a second soldering temperature T2 and applying solder by means of ultrasound on a pipe contact surface (3); - Aligning the pipe contact surface (3) on the Plattenelementkontaktfläche (5) and heating the plate member (4) and the tube (5) to a third and fourth soldering temperature T3, T4 wherein plate member (4) and tube (2) against each other, preferably under exercise of a Contact pressure, held and then continuously kept in position by cooling connected to each other. A method according to claim 19, characterized in that the soldering temperature T1, T2, T3, T4 in a range of 130 to 250 ° C, thereby preferably from 175 ° to 225 ° C, particularly preferably adjusted to 180 ° C. Method according to one of claims 19 or 20, characterized in that in an alignment of the pipe contact surfaces upstream step, an adhesive in an area of the fit (33), preferably in an end region of the fit, particularly preferably applied in both end regions. Method according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the temperature T1 and T3 less than or equal to 180 °, preferably T1 and T3 is equal to or less than 180 °, in particular T3 and T4 set the same. Method according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the plate element (4) after applying the fit, at least in a region fit (33), preferably in an end region, in particular preferably in both end regions, is precoated with adhesive.

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