US101250A - Improvement in converting articles made of iron into steel - Google Patents
Improvement in converting articles made of iron into steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US101250A US101250A US101250DA US101250A US 101250 A US101250 A US 101250A US 101250D A US101250D A US 101250DA US 101250 A US101250 A US 101250A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- steel
- crucible
- tube
- improvement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 56
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 28
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001296 Malleable iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000003141 Lower Extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
Definitions
- This invention relates to the apparatus in which the iron is treated during the process of conversion into steel, the materials used to accomplish such conversion, and the mode' or process of treatment;
- the invention consists in providing the crucible in which the iron'is treated with a vertical tube extending from the bottom to a distance above the top suticient to enable the operator to open andclose the same outside the heating furnace.
- This tube is provided with a stopcock or equivalent device, and, at itslower end, is perforated with a plulrality of small holes, all of which will be hereinafter more fully explained.
- the inventiou' also-'consists in treating the iron, in a heated state, withcharcoal, prussiates of iron and potash; and further, in the order of time iu which these materials are brought to act upon the iron.
- Figure 1 is a side 'elevationof the apparatus
- Figure 2 is a vertical section thereof, taken on a line passing through the axis of the stop-cock.
- c is a tube, which, near its lower extremity, is perforated with a sufficient number of small holes, as showniu iig. 2.
- a stop-cock, d is fitted in the upper part of this tube, as shown.
- B is the' fire-box or furnace, which has a grate, e e, fig. 2, and a cover, f f, through which is an aperture of sutlicient size to admit the stop-cock d, two slides, g g, fitting closely around the tube c.
- the articles of iron to be converted into steel are packed in charcoal in crucible A, the tube c is placed in the position shown, when the crucible is hermetically sealed around the cover and tube, leaving the passage through the tube as the only communica tion with the inside of the Crucible.
- the crucible is thus packed and sealed it is placed upon the grate-bars in furnace B, and either wood or charcoal is placed in the furnace around the Crucible and ignited, the cover ff is put in place, and the slides g g closed around the tube.
- the iron be thin, or if it is desired to steel it only to a limited depth, one charge of the chemicals will usually be sufficient; but, when necessary, the chemicals may be applied more than once, or until the iron is converted to steel throughout.
- the practitioner is enabled to determine the proper time to close the cock after the tiring be commenced, by the absence of vapor and smoke escaping from the tube, and the incaudescence of the crucible indicates the proper time to introduce the-chemicals, as before described.
- the quantity of chemicals to be used with a given quantity of irony being governed by the thickness of the articles and the depth to which it is desired to convert them, is readily determined by the practical t experience of the workman, and statements of quantities or proportions would not facilitate him in his work.
- I employ as many tubes for the purpose of communicating with the interior of the crucible as the size thereof may render necessary.
- This method is peculiarly adapted to the conversion of small malleaf ble iron articles, such as cutlery, the constituent parts of fire-arms, and a great variety of small Wares, which are produced at a small cost, of malleable iron, then converted into steel and rendered equal to those forged from bars. It is also adapted to the conversion of all articles of wrought or malleable iron.
- the advantages of the tube are that it obviates the former method of mingling the chemicals and charcoal together in the crucible with the articles to be converted before the Crucible was sealed, by which a large portion of the effect of the chemicals was lost,
Description
nted 5min?,
aient dtihirc.
HIRAM C. FOLSOM, OF-JBANGOR, MAINE.
Letters Patent No. 101,250, dated .March 29, 1 870.
The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the lame.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, HIRAM O. FoLsoM, of Bangor, in the county of Penobscot and State of Maine, have invented new and useful Improvements in Converting Iron into Steel; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawings which accompany and form part of this specification, is a description of my invention sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to which it appe-rtains to practice it.
This invention relates to the apparatus in which the iron is treated during the process of conversion into steel, the materials used to accomplish such conversion, and the mode' or process of treatment; and
The invention consists in providing the crucible in which the iron'is treated with a vertical tube extending from the bottom to a distance above the top suticient to enable the operator to open andclose the same outside the heating furnace.
This tube is provided with a stopcock or equivalent device, and, at itslower end, is perforated with a plulrality of small holes, all of which will be hereinafter more fully explained.
The inventiou'also-'consists in treating the iron, in a heated state, withcharcoal, prussiates of iron and potash; and further, in the order of time iu which these materials are brought to act upon the iron.
Figure 1 is a side 'elevationof the apparatus, and
Figure 2 is a vertical section thereof, taken on a line passing through the axis of the stop-cock.
Similar letters of reference indicate like parts in the several figures.
" In the drawings- A represents the Crucible, which is formed with a.
rebate around the inside of the top, into which fits the cover a a, which I construct with a thimble or short tube, as shown at b b.
c is a tube, which, near its lower extremity, is perforated with a suficient number of small holes, as showniu iig. 2.
A stop-cock, d, is fitted in the upper part of this tube, as shown.
B is the' fire-box or furnace, which has a grate, e e, fig. 2, and a cover, f f, through which is an aperture of sutlicient size to admit the stop-cock d, two slides, g g, fitting closely around the tube c.
In practice, the articles of iron to be converted into steel are packed in charcoal in crucible A, the tube c is placed in the position shown, when the crucible is hermetically sealed around the cover and tube, leaving the passage through the tube as the only communica tion with the inside of the Crucible.
WVhen the crucible is thus packed and sealed it is placed upon the grate-bars in furnace B, and either wood or charcoal is placed in the furnace around the Crucible and ignited, the cover ff is put in place, and the slides g g closed around the tube.
lhe stop-cock (l is left open until the heat has expelled the moisture and smoke from the charcoal in the Crucible, when itv is closed and the heating continued until the iron in treatment is brought to a red hea-t, when the stop-cock'is opened and the chemicals, consisting of four parts of prussiate of potash and one part of prussiate of iron, are passed down through tube c, and the stop-cock instantly closed.
'lhe heat acting upon the chemicals converts them into vapor, which, passing throigh the perforations in the tube, is diffused throughout the Crucible, uniting with the gas generated from the burning charcoal,.
and together acting upon the iron, convertit into steel to a depth proportionate to the amount of chemicals employed. Y
1f the iron be thin, or if it is desired to steel it only to a limited depth, one charge of the chemicals will usually be sufficient; but, when necessary, the chemicals may be applied more than once, or until the iron is converted to steel throughout. t Y
The practitioner is enabled to determine the proper time to close the cock after the tiring be commenced, by the absence of vapor and smoke escaping from the tube, and the incaudescence of the crucible indicates the proper time to introduce the-chemicals, as before described.
The quantity of chemicals to be used with a given quantity of irony being governed by the thickness of the articles and the depth to which it is desired to convert them, is readily determined by the practical t experience of the workman, and statements of quantities or proportions would not facilitate him in his work.
I employ as many tubes for the purpose of communicating with the interior of the crucible as the size thereof may render necessary. This method is peculiarly adapted to the conversion of small malleaf ble iron articles, such as cutlery, the constituent parts of lire-arms, and a great variety of small Wares, which are produced at a small cost, of malleable iron, then converted into steel and rendered equal to those forged from bars. It is also adapted to the conversion of all articles of wrought or malleable iron.
The advantages of the tube are that it obviates the former method of mingling the chemicals and charcoal together in the crucible with the articles to be converted before the Crucible was sealed, by which a large portion of the effect of the chemicals was lost,
and, if necessary, to repeat the application of the The sealing of the crucible now remainschemicals.
unbroken.
Having thus described my invention,
What I claim as new,- and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
1. The process herein described for vconverting irony 3. The apparatus herein described,composed of the Crucible or heating vessel A, in combination `with the perforated tube C, as and for the purposes set forth.
HIRAM C. FOLSOM.
Witnesses A. L. SIMPSON, J. T. TBUNDY.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US101250A true US101250A (en) | 1870-03-29 |
Family
ID=2170722
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US101250D Expired - Lifetime US101250A (en) | Improvement in converting articles made of iron into steel |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US101250A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2961228A (en) * | 1957-12-13 | 1960-11-22 | Diamond Alkali Co | Crucible for analytic purposes having a rotary cover valving arrangement |
-
0
- US US101250D patent/US101250A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2961228A (en) * | 1957-12-13 | 1960-11-22 | Diamond Alkali Co | Crucible for analytic purposes having a rotary cover valving arrangement |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US64499A (en) | Improved apparatus foe extracting oil from herbs, and for other purposes | |
US101250A (en) | Improvement in converting articles made of iron into steel | |
US98897A (en) | Improved steam-digester for rendering- lard | |
US28025A (en) | Improved apparatus for heating ore | |
US174194A (en) | Improvement in steam-kettles | |
US110193A (en) | Improvement in apparatus for pitching barrels | |
US413306A (en) | Edward wilkes rathbijn | |
US91840A (en) | Improved apparatus for treating and ageing spirituous liquors | |
US85196A (en) | Improvement in stove-drums | |
US335665A (en) | Tile-kiln | |
US61945A (en) | James maeshall | |
US251518A (en) | Boiler for domestic purposes | |
US107339A (en) | Improvement in charring barrel-heads | |
US65545A (en) | Silas constant | |
US2235A (en) | Method of combining elevated ovens with cooking or other stoves | |
US61098A (en) | Distilling appakatus | |
US14601A (en) | Robert b | |
US25623A (en) | Improvement in construction of evaporating apparatus | |
US40862A (en) | Improved evaporator for sorghum-juice | |
US100017A (en) | Joseph m | |
US107849A (en) | Improvement in cooking-ranges | |
US104225A (en) | John f | |
US128329A (en) | Improvement in furnaces for pitching barrels | |
US101215A (en) | David berkey | |
US41010A (en) | Improvement in apparatus for rendering lard |