US1707548A - Gas-washing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

April 1929- H. A. BRAS SERT ET AL 1,707,548

' I GAS WASHING APPARATUS Filed March 1927 Z Sheets-Sheet 1 ZdnuuaoLZ/CR April 1929- H. A. BRASSERT ET AL GAS WASHING APPARATUS Filed March 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet Patent ed Apr. 2, 1929.

UNITED STATES 1,707,548 PATENT OFFICE.

HERMAN A. BRASSER-T, OF KENILWORTH, AND, CHARLES E. DOUG-AN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, AND EDMUND VON MALTITZ, OF GARY, INDIANA, ASSIGNORS TO H. .A. .IBRASSERT & COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

GAS-WASHING APPARATUS.

Application filed March 9, 1927. Serial .No. 173,848.

This invention relates to a novel and improved apparatus for-mechanically washing gas and consists :Of the matters hereinafter described and'more particularly pointed'out in the appended claims.

The object ofthe present invention is to provide an apparatus for mechanically washing gas in which are combined advantageous features of both the disintegrator and of the centrifugal gas washing devices, without the more objectionable disadvantages of either, so that gas will be washed and cooled (in the case of hot gas) with less water per unit of gas than is required in the commonly used types of horizontal disintegrator and with less vertical height of apparatus for the same performance than in the case of the usual vertical washers operating on the centrifugal principle.

Another object of the invention is to produce an apparatus of the kind in which the parts are so arranged and correlated that the gas is uniformly distributed in its passagethrough the apparatus and is thus subjected in its entire volume to uniform treatment.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus wherein the gas is caused to follow a tortuous path from its entrance at the bottom of the casing to its discharge at the top, with such construction and arrangement of the difierent parts, both fixed and moving, that a smooth, continuous way,

without angles or sharp corners to interfere with the free flow of the gas, is presented, withthe result that the necessity for a fan to propel the gas is eliminated. ."These and other advantages and novel results of the invention will appear more fully in the specification which follows.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a view representingPa vertical central section through a form of apparatus embodying my improvements for mechanicallywashing gases.

Figure 2 is atop plan view of the same. Figure 3 is a horizontal section through the apparatus in a plane indicated by theline 33 of Figure 1.

Referring now to that embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings :--10 indi-' cates a vertical, cylindrical casing erected on a hollow masonry or other base 11 and enclosed by top and bottom head plates 10 and 11, respectively. I Centrally disposed within 19 indicates an inlet pipe for the gas at Z the bottom of the casing and 20 indicates an outlet pipe at the top of the casing. Said inlet and outlet pipes enter and leave the casing tangentially, as distinguished from radially, as clearly shown in Figures 2 and 3. By this arrangement the gas is caused to whirl about the center of the apparatus both on en tering and when leaving the casing with the result that there is a uniform distribution of the gas at the bottom of the casing and a uniform withdrawal of the gas at the top. In aid of this movement of the gas at the bottom of the casing, the bottom wall ll is provided with a central upwardly recessed part 11 which presents with the vertical wall of the casing an annular path for the gas entering through the inlet pipe 19. (See Figure 1.) This construction also permits the use of a shorter shaft.

Intermediate the levels of the inlet and outwhich operate on the gasas it goes through the horizontal passageway provided between them from the shaft outwardly towards said casing wall. Said partition members 21, 24

with the disintegrating elements carried thereby are arranged in pairs and there may be one or more of-such pairs as-desired. In

the embodiment of the invention illustrated in the'drawings and preferably, there are two of such pairs of partition members and disintegrator elements,a lower pair 21, 24,.

and an upper pair 21, 24.

The fixed partition members 21 are diaphragms or annular plates, the inneredges of which are about half way between the vertical wall of the casing and the shaft 12. The partition members 24 are disks fixed to ,witlithe diaphragms 21 with substantially erably castings, which are of such vertical equal vertical spaces separating the several diaphragms and disks.

On the shaft 12 between the disks 24, 24 are fixed annular guide members 25, prefsection as to present a curved way or wall connecting the disks 24. Annular guide members 25, preferably castings, are also secured in any convenient manner to the wall of the casing 10 between the diaphragms 21, 21. These castings are of such vertical cross section that they will present a curved guideway or wall connecting the two diaphragms 21, 21. guide members 25' are attached to the shaft 12 below the bottomdisk' 24, and a: guide member25 is fixed in the angle between the vertieal wall of the casing and the bottom diaphragm 21. As a result of the arrangement of the fixed and rotative partition members 21, 24, a tortuous path 22 is presented for the gas, first towardsthe shaft 12; then out from said shaft towards the casing wall above the bottom diaphragm 21 then back towards the shaft above the bottom disk 24; then .outwardly a ain towards the casing wall above the top diaphragm 21 but below the top disk 24,and the ways provided by the guide 1 members 25, 25', 25 and 25 cause the gas to pass with a smooth easy flowin contact with the gradually changing direction of the curved surfaces of said guide members by means of which it is guided without striking any angles or corners to obstruct or interfere with thefree flow of the gas at and near the points where the direction of saidflow is re-J versed.

Radially spaced vertical disintegrator members 26 are fixed in annular rows to the bottom sides of the disks 24, 24 and like annular rows of disintegrator members 27 are fixed to the top sides of the diaphragms21 in alternate radial arrangement with the disintegrator members 26. The said two sets of disintegrator -members are srelatively' spaced in close relation so that the two sets, namely the movable set 26 and the fixed set 27, will operate in relativelymovable, close relation, when the shaft is rotated. The ends of the disintegrator members 27 carried by the diaphragm 21 extend into close relation to the disks 24 and the ends of the disintegrater members 26 carried by the rotary disk 24 extend into close relation to thediaphragm 21.

Water is introduced into the 'casingby I means ofa plurality of arcuately' spaced spray nozzles preferably include a set of upwardly directed inwardly inclined jets 30 whlch open through the casting 25 at a point Guide members 25 similar to the moms 1 N below the level of the bottom disk 24 and discharge in line with the path of the gas as the gas passes upward in guiding contact the lower" diaphragm 21 and upwardly to points near the shaft 12 between the levels of the lower disk 24 and of the said lower diaphragm 21. The nozzles 31 are directed so as to discharge the water radially outward through the disintegrator members carried by said disk-and diaphragm and towards the outer wall ,of the casing in the direction of the flow of gas. v

Below the level of the lower diaphragm 21 a large horizontally disposed annular dish or pan 32 is fixed to the shaft 12. Said pan is of such diameteras to project beyond the inner edge of the bottom diaphragm 21 in order to catchthe water that falls from said diaphragm. k The operation of theapparatlis is as follows The shaft is rotated at a suitable speed, generally from two hundred and fifty (250) to five hundred (500) revolutionsper Il'llIlute, depending upon the diameter of the casing 10,slower speeds being used with apparatus in which the casing 10 is of larger diameter and higher speeds being used with apparatus in which said casing is of smaller diameter. Water is turned intof the water spray'pipes or nozzles 30, 31 and gas is admitted through the conduit 19 from the gas main from the blast furnace or other source of supply. 'The gas on entering the ilcasing'" encounters'a large compartment att e bottom of the casing for it to occupy so that its velocity is immediately reduced. On account of its tangential entrance intoethis compartment, 1t flows circularly about the shaft 12, at the same time rising, thus following a sort of corkscrew path in its rise through the cas- I K ing and in passing by the smooth, continuous path 22 presented by the'diaphragms 21, the

disks 24 and the guide members 25, 25, 25

,The water falling from the bottom dia phra'gm 21 into the dish or pan 32 is thrown by centrifugal force outwardly towards the wall of the casing in the form of spray through the rising body of gas. Thus the gas receives a preliminary scrubbing almost immediately upon its entrance to the-bottom of the casing. After the gas passes above, the

level of the pan 32 towardsthe shaft 12, its direction or flow is gently and easily reversed so as to now flow outwardly towards the casing wall through the first set of disintegrator members 26 and 27. In this part of its'path it is subjected to the action of the spray issu-f ing from the nozzles 25 and to the disinte grator action of the disintegrator'members carried by the bottom diaphragm and 'disk 21, 24. The passage of the gas in this moveouter wall of the casing.

ment through the disintegrator elements is much assisted by the centrifugal action of the disintegrator bars which act to throw out the gas as'well as the water towards the As the gas approaches the outer Wall of the casing and its direction of movement is there gently re--' versed by-the guiding function of the casting 25, it is a third time thoroughly mixed with 1 water by the spray supplied from the nozzles 30. The gas then heavily laden with water returns towards the shaft 12 abovethe bottom disk'24 and then travels out towards the outer wall of the casing 10, with the same 15 smooth reversal of its path of movement as before on account of its guiding engagement with the castings 25 between'the' two disks 24. Here the upper set of disintegratormembers, by centrifugal action, assists its outward passage towards the wall of the casing. At the same time the'upper disintegrator members act. to beat out a large amount of the en-' trained water contained in the gas, thus to a great extent drying it, so that when the gas.

I passes above the top disk 24 and towards the outlet 20, it contains buta small amount of moisture.

It will be manifest from the foregoing deseription ,that notwithstanding the tortuous 'path the gas is compelled to flow in passing 1 from the inlet to the outlet of-the casing, its flow t-herethrough will be gentle and easy since all sharp corners and angles tending to arrest or entrap the gas are eliminated. Thus the gas may be propelled through the apparatus without the necessity of a fan. The disintegrators are so arranged that their op eration actsv by centrifugal force toaid the flow of thegas as well as to discharge the 40 water through the gas.

It will be noted that in the path of the gas as it rises above the lower diaphragm 21, the

cross-sectional area of its passageway as it I passes beyond the lower set' of disintegrators is greatly increased, not only vertically but also horizontally. This enlargement of the area presented for the passage of the gas, greatly facilitates its smooth and easy flow at the point of reversal, even in the absence of the guide member 25, which, howeveryis preferably used to facilitateand ease the passage and flow of the gas at that point. The use of the guide member 25 makes it possible to use a ,casing 10 of smaller diameter than would be possible where the guide member '25 is not used same'result.

The large number of spray nozzles used, in and of themselves produce a thorough mixfor approximately the 0 ture of gas and water spray, resulting in the necessary wetting of the dust and other solid articles contained in the gas.-

The cold, fresh water introduced by the spray 'nozzles 30 come in contact-with the colder, clean gas, while the dirty, hot water discharged centrifugally by the plate or dish 32 is caused to treat the hot, dirty gas as it enters the casing. This adds to efficiency in the interchange of temperature between the gas and the water.

Again, as the gasenters and leaves the ap-.

paratus in a horizontal curved path due to the tangential. arrangement of the entry and exit pipes, which rotary motion is necessarily continued in the passage of the gas upwardly through the'casing, the gas is uniformly distributed throughout the apparatus and is,

therefore, .thoroughly and uniformly treated tom and a gas outlet at the top, said inlet and outlet respectively entering and leaving said casing tangentially, a pair of vertically spaced horizontal annular diaphragms fixed to the wall of said'casing, a vertical shaft extending centrally through said diaphragms, horizontal disks fixed to said shaft'one in-, termediate said diaphragms and one above the top diaphragm, said disks overhanging said diaphragms, annular rows of interacting disintegrator'elements carried respectively by the bottom sides'of said disks and by the top sides of said diaphragms, said disks and diaphragms providinga tortuous path for the gas first towards the shaft and then towards the wall of the casing, means attached respectively to said shaft and to said casing to present curved guideways where the direction of said path is reversed, means for discharging a plurality of arcuately spaced sprays ofwater radially outward through the disintegrators carried by the bottom disk and diaphragm, means for discharging. a plurality of arc'uate- 1y spaced sprays of water in the space between the bottom disk and the wall of the casing, an annular plate fixed to said shaft below the bottom diaphragm to receive the water falling therefrom, and means for driving said shaft.

2. In agas Washing apparatus, a vertical casing provided with a gas inlet at the bottom {and a gas outlet at the top, a pair of vertically spaced horizontal annular diaphragms fixed to the wall of saidcasing, a vertical shaft extending centrally through said diaphragms, horizontal, disks fixed to said shaft, one intermediate said diaphragms and one above the top diaphragm, annular rows of interacting disintegrator elements carried respectively by the bottom sides of said disks and bythe top 1 sides of said diii-phragms the other sides of said diaphragms and disks, respectively, be-

ing free of disintegrator elements, said disks and diaphragms providing a tortuous path for the gas first towards the shaft and then towards'the wall of the-casing and means at tached respectively to said shaft and-to said casing to present curved guidewayswhere the direction of said path is reversed.

3. In 'a gas Washing apparatus, a vertical casing provided with a gas inlet at the bottom and a gas outlet at the top, a pair of vertically spaced horizontal annular diaphragms fixed to the wall of said casing, a vertical shaft'extending centrally through said diaphragms, horizontal disks fixed to said shaft, one intermediate said diaphragms and one above the top diaphragm, annular rows of interacting disintegrator elements carried respectively by the bottom sides of said disks and by the top sides of said diaphragms the other sides of said diaphragms and disks, respectively, being free of distintegrator elements, said disks and diaphragms providing a tortuous path for the gas first towards the shaft and then towards the wall of the casing, and means for discharging sprays of Water at I successive points in said path, said sprays being directed substantially in line With the flow of? gas along said path.

4. In a gas washing apparatus, a vertical casing provided with a gas inlet at the bottom and a gas outlet at the top, said inlet and outlet respectively entering and leaving said case ing tangentially, a plurality of sets of disin tegrator members arranged'to operate in a plurality of vertically spaced successive stages, means for producing relative revolv ing movement between the disintegrator members of the sets of disintegrator members about a common axis, said disintegrator members being constructed and arranged to provide a tortuous path for said gas through said casing with the part of the path directed towards the said axis of revolution free and unobstructed,"and means for discharging sprays of Water into the body of gas substantially in the direction of the flow of said gas at successive points in said tortuous path.

5. In a gas Washing apparatus, a vertical casing providedwith a gas inlet at the bottom and a gas outlet at the top, said inlet and out:

let respectively entering and leaving said casing'tangentially, a plurality of sets of dis integrator members arranged to operate in a plurality of vertically spaced stages, means for producing relative revolving movement between the disintegrator members'of the sets of disintegrator members about a common fitXlS, sa1d disintegrator members being constructed and arranged to provide a tortuous the part of the path directed towards the said axis of revolution free and unobstructed,

means providing curved guideways for said path for said gas through said casing, with gas at the 'points where the direction of flow

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