US1883868A - Turbine nozzle block - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 25,1932. E. w. BECKEMAN TURBINE NOZZLE BLOCK Filed March '21, 1950 INVENTOR E.W.BeCkEMAN.

O" ATTORNEY WITNESS Patented Oc 25,1932

,UNETE :1 STATE S] VANIA, p v I runBINE- vozzrm BLOCK Applicationnled March 21; 1930. Serial No. 437,766.

invention relates to a n z 101601 a fluid pressure turbine, andit'has for its ob-.

ject to .provide an improved construction thereof. i V

-Amo're particular object isto provide a ,.construction whose efliciencyis comparable to the efficiency obtainable by the most efficient known constructionsbut which is less expensive to make than such constructions.

Nozzle passages ofcircular cross-section andof rectangular orv square cross-section have been used for directing motive fluid against a row of blades in a turbine. The round nozzles are inexpensive to manufacture and are individually eflicient. However, a 0 group of-round nozzles in an arcuate row, as heretofore arranged with their discharge openings in juxtaposed relation, produces a form of jet which does not uniformly fill the --passages between the blades, and-which is unsuitable, therefore, for eflicient action on turbine blading. The form of jet produced by saidround nozzles consists of anumber of individual round j ets issuing'from the individual nozzles. Consequently, as the blades pass the nozzle row, the flow of motivefluid from the jet through the blade. passages, at

least for the major portion oftheir height, is

intermittent.

5 This produces eddying and a lossin efli ciency. The height of the'j et is less than the blade height forthe major portion of the V blade travel across the nozzle group,iand the compression ofthe fluid caused by impact on the'concave side 'of the bladesjresults in ex-' pansion in a direOtionparalIel 'to the height of the blade withoutdoing useful work.

The square or rectangular nozzles may be disposed in juxtaposed relation in a group to ;provide a'jet in the form of a continuousband of uniform width or; height approximately equaltothe blade height; Hence, the flow" of fluidthrougli the blade passages is uniform j hilefpa ssing' along the nozzle row- The re- 5' "sultmgefliciency isgreater, but this form of V nozzle is more'expensive to make, requ ring considerable skilled hand work. V

Inaccordance with my invention, I forma i lrow'of' nozzle passages ofcircular cross-seci'tionin a nozzle block, as by reaming. or drill- APATENT 0F s j genre WQB CKEMAN, or 'PHILADELPHLA, rmvivsvnvnivmyassrenon 'ro wnsrine HOUSE, ELECTRIC c MANUFACTURING COMPANY, aconrozan'rron or rnmvsxin ing, adjacent nozzles being disposed tolinten sect and overlap the passage space of each 1 other-for a short distancefrom the discharge ends, and forming overlapping discharge} openings in the exit faceof the nozzle block. 5 j

Then, preferably, the ridgesformed at the intersections are relieved to provide an elonpermits the motive fluid to spread from the overlapping space, anda jet of approximate ly' uniform widthor height and of substan-* tially uniform density is provided. Thus, I obtain the advantage of low cost of the round nozzle and the efiiciency of the rectangular nozzle. The above and other objects are effected by my invention, as will be-apparent from the following description and claims taken in] connection with the accompanying drawing. forming a part'of this application, in which :T

Fig. 1 isan elevational view of'the dis-' 7 charge or exit side of the nozzle block;

Fig. 2 is a developed section along the line II II of Fig.1 and also shows the'row of blades against which. the nozzles direct motive fluid;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary perspective view-1 or exit-en'dsgand I looking into the nozzles from the discharge L'Fig. 4 is a sectional view, taken alongthe line IV'IV of Figs." land 2. Referring now tothe drawing more in detail- I show-in each of the figures, a nozzle block, indicated 'generallyiby thereference numeral 10,'for expanding motive fluid in a turbine. The nozzle block is formed with a plurality of nozzles therein. For simplicity of illustration, only three nozzles, numbered 11, 12 and 13, are shown on the drawing, but

itwillbe understood that any suitable number of nozzles maybe employed. The 'noz-' i zles terminate, attheir discharge ends, in an" exit face "14 (see Fig. 4),.which maybe slightly raised above the dischargeside of the block.

The nozzles are circular in cross-section Motive fiuid enters the inlet end indicated at 15, and flows to the left through the nozzle.

While I have shown my invention in but i one form, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible of various changes and modifications, Without departing from the spiritthereof, and I desire, therefore, thatv only such limitations shall be placedthereupon as are imposed by'the prior art or as are specifically set forth in the appended claims.

,Whatlclaimiszf j j 1; A nozzle block having an elongated discharge opening of substantially uniform Width in the exit face thereof and a plurality of nozzle passages of circular cross section r terminating in said discharge opening, the

curved surfaces of the nozzle passages extending to the exit face,

2. A turbine nozzle block havingan exit face and having formed therein a plurality of round nozzles disposed in an varcuate roW and having their curved surfaces terminating in the exit face, adjacent nozzles being disposed with their openings in the exit face overlapping in extent longitudinally of the row. i r

3. 'In an axial flow turbine, a rotating row of blades and a nozzle block therefor having an exit face and having formedtherein a plurality of round nozzles disposed in an arcuaterow and terminating in the exit face, the center line ofeach nozzle extending at a small angle to the tangent passing through the intersectioniof the center line with the ing in said exit face, adjacent nozzles being disposed With their openings in the exit face intersecting each other and overlapping the area of each other.

5. A turbine nozzle block having formed therein a plurality of nozzles disposed in a row and ending in an exit face of the block, adjacent nozzles being disposed so that their openings in the exit face, defined by the intersection of the roundsurfaces and the exit face,'intersect each other and overlap the area of each other, theblock being relieved adjacent the points of intersection to provide an elongated discharge openingof, approximately uniform Width.

6. A nozzle blockhaving an exit face and a plurality of expansion nozzles of circular cross section terminating at said exit face,

the'discharge openings in the exit face of a'djacent nozzles intersecting each other and overlapping the area of each other,-the block being relieved adjacent the points of intersection to provide a discharge area in the exit face approximately equal to the sum of the areas of the exit face intersected by the. v

nozzles individually.

nozzle passages of circular ;cross section formed therein, said nozzles being disposed,

7. A nozzle block-shaving a plurality -of A row andlso that the circular-cross-seceach other fora distance. adjacent the discharge ends. g I r I 1 8. A nozzleblock having a plurality of' nozzle passages of circular cross section therein, said nozzles being disposed ina'row;

and adjacent nozzles intersecting each other and overlapping the circular passagespace a distance ad acent the disof each other'for chargeends; r

9. Anozzlejblockhaving a row of nozzles formed therein, said nozzles being-circular tional spaces of adjacent nozzles intersect incross section,ladjacentnozzles being dis- A posed so that their curvedsurfaces intersect each other and to overlap the passage space of each other for a portion of their lengths at the discharge ends, said nozzle block being relieved along the intersectionto provide additional passage space for fluid to compensate for the loss of passage space caused by the overlap.

10. A turbine nozzleblock having "a plurality of nozzles formed therein, said nozzles being disposed in an-arcuate row and termie hating in discharge openings in the exit face of the nozzle block," adjacent nozzles being disposed so that their curved surfaces inter-c sect each other and overlap the passage space ofceach other for a short length adjacent the discharge ends, the ridges formed at the intersections of the nozzles being relieved to provide passage space to compensate for the loss of passage space due to overlap and to provide a discharge opening of approximately uniform Width in the exit face.

'11. A nozzle block for a fluid pressure turbine, said block having an exit face opposing a row of blades and a row of nozzles formed therein and terminating in said exit face, adjacent nozzles being disposed to intersect and overlap the passage space of each" other for a distance at the discharge ends, the

ridges formed at the intersections being relieved to provide additional passage space to'compensate for the loss of vpassage space i due to the overlap and to provide a discharge opening of approximately uniform width in the exit face for the row of nozzles, the area of overlap of adjacent nozzles in the exit face being substantially equal to the amount of relieving which is necessary to produce the discharge opening of approximately uniform .Width.

12. A nozzle block for an axial flow turbine and having a plurality of round nozzles therein disposed inan arcuate row, adj acentc nozzles being disposedto intersect each other and to overlap the passage space of each other adjacent the discharge ends, the block

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