US20010001242A1 - Virtual studio position sensing system - Google Patents
Virtual studio position sensing system Download PDFInfo
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- US20010001242A1 US20010001242A1 US09/736,996 US73699600A US2001001242A1 US 20010001242 A1 US20010001242 A1 US 20010001242A1 US 73699600 A US73699600 A US 73699600A US 2001001242 A1 US2001001242 A1 US 2001001242A1
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- Prior art keywords
- studio
- camera
- led
- positioning system
- virtual
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/222—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
- H04N5/262—Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects
- H04N5/272—Means for inserting a foreground image in a background image, i.e. inlay, outlay
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/222—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
- H04N9/74—Circuits for processing colour signals for obtaining special effects
- H04N9/75—Chroma key
Abstract
A position detecting device for an object within virtual set comprises providing the object with an emitting device and using the device in conjunction with a plain or patterned chroma-key background to provide the exact position of a TV camera or alone to provide a position for another object or actor.
Description
- 1. The present invention relates to a virtual studio and in particular to a position sensing system for such a studio.
- 2. In virtual studio systems a chroma-key background is provided in front of which an actor stands. In the TV picture seen by the viewer the chroma-key background is replaced by a virtual scene. Such a system is described in PCT Patent Application No. WO95/30312 to the present applicant.
- 3. In the above known system the position of the camera is calculable by using a coded pattern on the chroma-key background. This enables the position of the camera, as well as its orientation and the lens zoom, to be continuously calculated and thereby the perspective of the virtual 3D set can be adjusted correctly to suit the camera position.
- 4. This works perfectly for cameras which have a fixed focus and zoom or a fixed position but problems can be encountered in situations where the cameraman is free to simultaneously change the camera position and the lens zoom. For example, when the camera's optical axis is perpendicular (or almost perpendicular) to the patterned wall, the changes in the captured pattern due to zooming of the lens or to changing the distance of the camera from the wall are identical (or almost identical) and the system cannot extract the correct solution from the captured pattern.
- 5. In order to overcome this problem in the present invention, the camera is provided with an independent means for indicating the position of the camera which means are used either alone or in conjunction with the coded pattern and the pattern recognition apparatus to ensure correct interpretation of the position of the camera.
- 6. The present invention therefore provides a virtual studio positioning system comprising a chroma-key background panel, a television camera situated in a defined front studio area in front of the background panel for imaging a foreground object in front of the background panel, at least one fixed mounted detection unit said fixed detection unit having a field of view to cover the defined front studio area, an emitting device mounted in a fixed relationship with respect to the TV camera or foreground object said fixed detection unit receiving emissions from said emitting device, and producing a detection output signal, processing means for processing the detection output signal of the fixed detection unit to provide at least x and y co-ordinates for the TV camera or foreground object in relation to a given origin position in the studio area.
- 7. This assumes that the emitting device is in a fixed and known height defining its z value. Preferably the chroma-key background panel comprises a coded chroma-key panel and includes further processing means for processing data extracted from the coded chroma-key panel.
- 8. The position information derived from the invention is then used with the information derived from the pattern recognition system to calculate the accurate perspective information for the background.
- 9. Preferably the emitting device is an LED, preferably operating in the non visible part of the elctromagnetic spectrum. Preferably the fixed detection device is a static camera, also preferably sensitive to the non visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum region. Preferably both LED and camera operate in the near infra-red.
- 10. Preferably the LED is not on continuously but is switched on for a defined time period.
- 11. In a specific embodiment the LED emission is coded to provide better distrinction from background noise and emission of other LED's.
- 12. Preferably the detection device is also gated to receive emissions during a further defined period which is synchronous to the defined time period.
- 13. Preferably the defined time period is shorter than the further defined time period and both periods are synchronised to the frame synchronisation of the studio equipment.
- 14. Preferably in a specific embodiment the LED is active for a period of approximately 200 μsec and the detection device for a period of 100 μsec. Preferably the fixed mounted detection unit is mounted at a height above the background panel.
- 15. In a further embodiment for a case in which the height of the emitting device is not fixed, a second fixed mounted detection unit is provided.
- 16. The invention also then provides means for triangulating the positions given by the first and second detection units to determine the x, y and z positions of the studio camera or the foreground object.
- 17. The invention also provides a position sensing system for a TV studio, the system comprising an emission device mounted on an object in a defined area, detection means to detect the radiation emitted by said emission device and providing an output signal, processing means for processing the output signal of the detection means to provide an x, y positional map of the object within the defined area provided that the emission device is in a fixed and known height.
- 18. Preferably the emission device emits radiation within the near infra-red.
- 19. Preferably the emission device emits non-continuous radiation only in pulses of defined width.
- 20. Preferably the detection means is provided with spectral filter means to collect only radiation in the emission spectrum of the emission device and also with temporal filter means to collect radiation only within a defined time period, said time period being synchronised to the pulse output of the emission device.
- 21. In a preferred embodiment for a case in which the height of the emitting device is not fixed, a second detection means is provided having a second output signal, the first and second output signals being used to define the position of the object in the x, y and z directions.
- 22. In a further preferred embodiment the positioning system for the studio comprises a position sensing system for a TV studio further comprising a defined structure of at least three LED's positioned in a fixed relationship with respect to the camera to enable calculation of all camera parameters (x, y, z pan, tilt and roll) and further including a zoom-focus sensor attached to said camera, the system enabling the use of a uni-color background panel for displaying a virtual background.
- 23. In an alternative embodiment the zoom-focus can be provided from a coded chroma-key panel.
- 24. Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
- 25.FIG. 1 shows schematically a television studio incorporating a virtual studio positioning system according to the present invention;
- 26.FIG. 1A shows a pulse timing diagram for the system of FIG. 1;
- 27.FIG. 1B illustrates diagrammatically the arrangement of the LED of FIG. 1.
- 28.FIG. 1C shows diagrammatically the camera arrangement for the fixed camera of FIG. 1.
- 29.FIG. 2 shows in block diagrammatic form circuitry for the system of FIG. 1;
- 30.FIG. 3 illustrates the 3D positioning system;
- 31.FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate the output of the two cameras in FIG. 3 illustrating the 3D system of the present invention;
- 32.FIG. 5 shows a TV camera illustrating the calculation of panning movement;
- 33.FIG. 6 shows the camera illustrating the calculation of rolling movement; and
- 34.FIG. 7 shows the camera illustrating the calculation of tilting movement.
- 35. With reference now to FIG. 1, the system comprises a virtual studio system hereinafter referred to as a virtual set.
- 36. The
virtual set 10 comprises a patterned chroma-key background panel 12 and aTV camera 14 situated in front of thepanel 12 in a defined area generally designated at 16. Side chroma-key panels - 37. An additional fixed mounted
camera 22 is mounted preferably aboveside panel 18 on a mounting bar orrail 24 which rail may also be used to supportpanel 18 or the studio lighting. The field of view ofcamera 22 will comprise at least the designatedfloor area 16 and the vertical distance thatcamera 14 may rise above this area. - 38. In a preferred embodiment the
camera 22 is a black and white camera since a colour camera is not required for this system. - 39. In a further embodiment a
second camera 26, preferably of the same type ascamera 22, is mounted on theopposite side area 16 also on a mountingrail 28 which can also be used to supportpanel 20 or the lighting. The camera arrangements are shown in greater detail in FIG. 1C. - 40. Mounted in a fixed relationship to
camera 14 is anLED device 30 which is shown in greater detail in FIG. 1B.LED 30 is driven by drivingelectronics 32. The drivingelectronics cause LED 30 to be switched on in a pulsed manner (see also FIG. 1A) in synchronism with the studio equipment. For this purpose the driving electronics is supplied with a sync pulse oninput 322 and power oninput 324.LED 30 must have a wide angle θ of radiation and preferably θ is equal to 180°. Preferably LED 30 radiates in the non visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum typically for example in the near infra-red and therefore does not provide any visible output. - 41. The output emission of the
LED 30 can be coded so that the system can locate and identify the (or each—see later description) emitting LED and also to provide more robustness to the detection system from background reflection. - 42. With reference now to FIGS. 1A and 1C,
camera 22 is provided with awide field lens 220 and with aspectral filter 222 which filters out visible light but allows through the near infra-red radiation fromLED 30.Camera 22 is further provided with a temporal filter by also operating in synchronism with the studio synchronisation using async input 224 and an internal electronic shutter. The output ofcamera 22 is fed to the video analysis unit of FIG. 2. - 43. As shown in FIG. 1A, the
camera 22 is effectively gated bypulse 226 which is positioned to ensure capture of theradiation pulse 228 received fromLED 30. Thuscamera 22 receives the LED pulse and does not collect most of the ambient illumination that is continuous. Thus although other objects withinarea 16 will emit or reflect infra-red radiation, the pulse of output infra-red radiation fromLED 30 will be able to be detected since thecamera 22 will not be saturated by the ambient infra-red radiation emitted or reflected from other objects. - 44. In a particular
embodiment gating pulse 226 is only 100 μsec long compared with afield time 227 of 20 msec and the LED pulse of 200 μsec or more preferably 140 μsec. - 45. The
second camera 26 will operate in substantially the same manner ascamera 22. - 46. With reference to FIG. 2 the output of each
camera video analysis unit 40 which may be a computer, for example, the Silicon Graphics 02. - 47. Reference is hereby made to co-pending PCT Application No. US95/05324 (Virtual Studio) in which the operation of the pattern recognition apparatus is described.
- 48. The output of
camera 14 is fed via a video switcher 42 (which enables several cameras to be used) to a perspective transformation computation unit 44, the operation of which is described in the above co-pending US PCT application. The output of this unit is fed to agraphics computer 46 where it is combined with the output of the positionsensing analysis unit 40. By using the output ofunit 40 to constrain the calculation done at unit 44 an accurate perspective transformation for the background is now extracted (see also FIG. 3). - 49. The foreground video from
camera 14 is also transmitted via adelay 48 to a chroma-keyer 50, theoutput 52 of which comprises the composed background and foreground TV picture. - 50. To achieve this the foreground from
delay 48 is combined with thebackground video 54 obtained by rendering the 3D virtual set from the calculated viewpoint at thegraphical computer 46. The second video output from the graphics computer is amask 56 telling the chroma-keyer where, in a “non-blue” pixel, it should “protect” the background. - 51. With reference to FIG. 3, by using both
cameras camera 14 can be determined together with and the height z of the camera above the floor. This can be seen from FIGS. 4A, 4B. In FIG. 4A only onecamera 22 is used which provides a single spot of light giving the x, y position of camera 14 (in case z value is fixed and known). In FIG. 4B there are twospots camera 14 rises then the two spots, will be 1′ and 2′ as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4B. Thus by triangulation the x, y position and the height of thecamera 14 can be obtained in positionsensing analysis unit 40 and this information used to constrain the perspective transformation calculation in 44. - 52. In case there is more than one LED, the separate spots in the camera output are identified using one of two methods (or both simultaneously):
- 53. 1. Manual identification of each spot during system setup and then continuously video tracking each spot.
- 54. 2. Assigning an on/off temporal code to each LED, for example, when there are two LEDs one code can be [1111], the second [1110].
- 55. In FIG. 2 two LED's 30′ and 30″ are shown. In a possible further embodiment each camera could be equipped with two or more LED's arranged in a known pattern. Providing these LED's are sufficiently far apart to enable separate detections by
camera 22, further information aboutcamera 14 can be obtained. For example, if a structure of 4 LED's is used, and each LED can be identified as described above, all studio camera position orientation and lens zoom parameters may be directly extracted knowing the LED's structure model. - 56. Such an array of LED's may comprise several, e.g. 6 arranged in a circle each being sequentially activated.
- 57. The
object 14 need not necessarily be a TV camera but could be an actor whose position may be required to be monitored as a depth key for a 3D virtual studio. - 58. An example of use of multiple LED's is shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7.
- 59. In this example 3 LED's 720, 740, 760 are shown attached to the
camera 14. The LED's may be attached to aplate 780 which is rigidly attached to thecamera 14 so that the LED's are always in a fixed relationship with respect to the camera. The LED's may be sequentially activated and the detection bycameras - 60. The arrangement with LED's 720, 740 and 760 is used with the two
detection cameras - 61.FIG. 5 shows the camera in plan view and illustrates the effect of panning the camera in the direction of
arrow 800, the panned position of the camera being shown dotted and referenced as 140. - 62. The position of the LED's through static with respect to the
camera detection cameras plate 780 now inposition 782. Thus, thedetector cameras - 63. With reference to FIG. 6, the
camera 14 is shown in two positions, the second position being as a result of the camera being rolled in the direction ofarrow 802 on its longitudinal axis 142 (see FIG. 7). In this second position theplate 780 will be in position 784 (shown dotted). The LED's 720, 740 and 760 will be inpositions 724, 744 and 764. - 64. When viewed by
detector cameras positions 724, 744 and 764 relative to thecameras camera 14. Thus, the roll of the camera can be measured by the use of the three LED's 720, 740, 760 and the twocameras - 65. Similarly, with reference to FIG. 7, the
camera 14 is shown in a first position and (dotted) in a tiltedposition 144. - 66. It is noted that in the configuration shown in this view,
LED 720 is not visible as it is behindLED 760. - 67. When
camera 14 is tilted to position 144 LED's 740, 760 (and 720 not shown) assumepositions 746, 766 (and 726) and these new positions are detectable bycameras camera 14 is also detectable. - 68. The positions of LED's 720, 740 and 760 are not critical but they must be at positions which are visible to
cameras camera 14. Also, they must be a reasonable distance apart so as to be distinguishable by thedetector cameras 11, 26. - 69. By monitoring the three (or more) LED's on the
camera 14 the necessity for a patterned panel is removed because the pan, tilt and roll can be measured as well as the x, y and z positions of the camera. - 70. All that is then required is for a measurement of the zoom-focus. This can be obtained by the use of zoom-focus sensors which read and transmit the information in synchronised mode to the TV vertical sync. This information is read into the
control unit 46 and thus the system can be operated with a solid uni-color chroma-key panel and with a shoulder mounted camera. - 71. In the case that a studio camera mounted on a rigid pan and tilt head, it is sufficient to have two LED's (e.g. 720 and 740) measuring pan and tilt position because the roll angle is fixed and can be measured at the beginning.
Claims (21)
1. A virtual studio positioning system comprising a chroma-key background panel, a television camera situated in a defined front studio area in front of the background panel for imaging a foreground object in front of the background panel, at least one fixed mounted detection unit said fixed detection unit having a field of view to cover the defined front studio area, an emitting device mounted in a fixed relationship with respect to the TV camera or foreground object said fixed detection unit receiving emissions from said emitting device, and producing a detection output signal, processing means for processing the detection output signal of the fixed detection unit to provide at least x and y co-ordinates for the TV camera or foreground object in relation to its position in the defined front studio area.
2. A virtual studio positioning system as claimed in in which the chroma-key background panel comprises a coded chroma-key panel and including further processing means for processing data extracted from said coded chroma-key panel.
claim 1
3. A virtual studio positioning system as claimed in or in which the emitting device is an LED, operating in the non visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
claim 1
claim 2
4. A virtual studio positioning system as claimed in in which the fixed detection device is a static camera, also sensitive to the non visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum emitted by the LED.
claim 3
5. A virtual studio positioning system as claimed in in which both LED and camera operate in the near infra-red.
claim 4
6. A virtual studio positioning system as claimed in any preceding claim in which the LED is not on continuously but is switched on for a defined time period.
7. A virtual studio positioning system as claimed in any preceding claim in which the LED output comprises a coded emission.
8. A virtual studio positioning system as claimed in in which the detection device is also gated to receive emissions during a further defined period which is synchronous to the defined time period.
claim 7
9. A virtual studio positioning system as claimed in in which the defined time period is shorter than the further defined time period and both periods are synchronised to the frame synchronisation of the virtual studio equipment.
claim 8
10. A virtual studio positioning system as claimed in in which the LED is active for a period of approximately 200 μsec and the detection device for a period of 100 μsec.
claim 9
11. A virtual studio positioning system as claimed in any of to in which the fixed mounted detection unit is mounted at a height above the background panel.
claims 1
10
12. A virtual studio positioning system as claimed in any one of to in which a second fixed mounted detection unit is provided.
claims 1
11
13. A virtual studio positioning system as claimed in in which means are provided for triangulating the positions given by the first and second detection units to determine the x, y and z positions of the studio camera or the foreground object.
claim 12
14. A virtual studio positioning system as claimed in any one of to in which the detected output signal from said emitting device is used to constrain the calculation of the further processing means to provide more accurate perspective transformation.
claims 2
13
15. A position sensing system for a TV studio, the system comprising an emission device mounted on an object in a defined area, detection means to detect the radiation emitted by said emission device and providing an output signal, processing means for processing the output signal of the detection means to provide an x, y positional map of the object within the defined area.
16. A position sensing system for a TV studio as claimed in in which the emission device emits radiation within the near infra-red.
claim 15
17. A position sensing system for a TV studio as claimed in in which the emission device emits non-continuous radiation only in pulses of defined width.
claim 16
18. A position sensing system for a TV studio as claimed in in which the detection means is provided with spectral filter means to collect only radiation in the emission spectrum of the emission device and also with temporal filter means to collect radiation only within a defined time period, said time period being synchronised to the pulse output of the emission device.
claim 17
19. A position sensing system for a TV studio as claimed in any one of to in which a second detection means is provided having a second output signal, the first and second output signals being used to define the position of the object in the x, y and z directions.
claims 13
18
20. A position sensing system for a TV studio as claimed in any one of to further comprising a defined structure of at least three LED's positioned in a fixed relationship with respect to the camera to enable calculation of all camera parameters (x, y, z pan, tilt and roll) and further including a zoom-focus sensor attached to said camera, the system enabling the use of a uni-color background panel for displaying a virtual background..
claims 14
19
21. A position sensing system for a TV studio as claimed in further comprising a defined structure of at least three LED's positioned in a fixed relationship with respect to the camera to enable calculation of all camera parameters (x, y, z pan, tilt and roll) and wherein the zoom-focus information is provided from the coded chroma-key panel.
claim 2
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1998
- 1998-01-27 AU AU57728/98A patent/AU5772898A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-01-27 EP EP98901393A patent/EP0956709B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-27 JP JP53261598A patent/JP2001509984A/en active Pending
- 1998-01-27 WO PCT/GB1998/000234 patent/WO1998034410A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-01-27 DE DE69804591T patent/DE69804591T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-29 ZA ZA98722A patent/ZA98722B/en unknown
- 1998-01-29 US US09/015,196 patent/US6201579B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-30 BR BR9800519A patent/BR9800519A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-12-14 US US09/736,996 patent/US6438508B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6856935B1 (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 2005-02-15 | Gmd-Forschungszentrum Informationstechnik Gmbh | Camera tracking system for a virtual television or video studio |
US6965397B1 (en) | 1999-11-22 | 2005-11-15 | Sportvision, Inc. | Measuring camera attitude |
US20040041822A1 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2004-03-04 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image processing apparatus, image processing method, studio apparatus, storage medium, and program |
US20050035980A1 (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2005-02-17 | Lonsing Werner Gerhard | Method and apparatus for producing composite images which contain virtual objects |
US8339418B1 (en) * | 2007-06-25 | 2012-12-25 | Pacific Arts Corporation | Embedding a real time video into a virtual environment |
CN102710898A (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2012-10-03 | 新奥特(北京)视频技术有限公司 | Method and system for synchronously switching foreground and background of color key device |
ES2518766A1 (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-11-05 | Universidad Politécnica de Madrid | System for determining the position and orientation for a portable device (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0956709B1 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
US6201579B1 (en) | 2001-03-13 |
ZA98722B (en) | 1998-08-05 |
BR9800519A (en) | 1999-06-29 |
WO1998034410A1 (en) | 1998-08-06 |
EP0956709A1 (en) | 1999-11-17 |
US6438508B2 (en) | 2002-08-20 |
DE69804591T2 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
GB9702636D0 (en) | 1997-04-02 |
AU5772898A (en) | 1998-08-25 |
JP2001509984A (en) | 2001-07-24 |
DE69804591D1 (en) | 2002-05-08 |
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