US20010021841A1 - Automated longitudinal position translator for ultrasonic imaging probes, and methods of using same - Google Patents
Automated longitudinal position translator for ultrasonic imaging probes, and methods of using same Download PDFInfo
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- US20010021841A1 US20010021841A1 US09/794,543 US79454301A US2001021841A1 US 20010021841 A1 US20010021841 A1 US 20010021841A1 US 79454301 A US79454301 A US 79454301A US 2001021841 A1 US2001021841 A1 US 2001021841A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- probe
- module
- motor
- drive module
- housing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/12—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves in body cavities or body tracts, e.g. by using catheters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/42—Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient
- A61B8/4209—Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient by using holders, e.g. positioning frames
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4444—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
- A61B8/4461—Features of the scanning mechanism, e.g. for moving the transducer within the housing of the probe
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S15/8906—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
- G01S15/8934—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a dynamic transducer configuration
- G01S15/8936—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a dynamic transducer configuration using transducers mounted for mechanical movement in three dimensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
- G01S7/52017—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00 particularly adapted to short-range imaging
- G01S7/52079—Constructional features
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S128/00—Surgery
- Y10S128/916—Ultrasound 3-D imaging
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to elongate probe assemblies of sufficiently miniaturized dimensions so as to be capable of navigating tortuous paths within a patient's organs and/or vessels.
- the present invention is embodied in automated units which are connectable to a probe assembly having a distally located ultrasound transducer subassembly which enables the transducer subassembly to be positioned accurately by an attending physician and then translated longitudinally (relative to the axis of the elongate probe assembly) within the patient under automated control.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5, 115, 814 discloses an intravascular probe assembly with a distally located ultrasonic imaging probe element which is positionable relative to intravascular sites. Operation of the ultrasonic element in conjunction with associated electronic components generates visible images that aid an attending physician in his or her treatment of a patient's vascular ailments. Thus, a physician may view in real (or essentially near real) time intravascular images generated by the ultrasonic imaging probe element to locate and identify intravascular abnormalities that may be present and thereby prescribe the appropriate treatment and/or therapy.
- the need to position accurately a distally located operative probe element relative to an intravascular site using any therapeutic and/or diagnostic probe assembly is important so that the attending physician can confidently determine the location of any abnormalities within the patient's intravascular system.
- Accurate intravascular position information for the probe assembly will also enable the physician to later replicate probe positions that may be needed for subsequent therapeutic and/or diagnostic procedures. For example, to enable the physician to administer a prescribed treatment regimen over time and/or to later monitor the effects of earlier therapeutic procedures.
- an ultrasound imaging probe assembly which is capable of being translated longitudinally within a section of a patient's vascular system at a precise constant rate. Such an ability would enable a series of corresponding precisely separated data samples to be obtained thereby minimizing (if not eliminating) distorted and/or inaccurate reconstructions of the ultrasonically scanned vessel section (i.e., since a greater number of more closely spaced data samples could reliably be obtained). Also, such an assembly could be operated in a “hands-off” manner which would then allow the physician to devote his attention entirely to the real time images with the assurance that all sections of the vessel were displayed.
- the ultrasound imaging probe could be removed immediately and the physician could interrogate the images or their alternative reconstructions on a near real time basis.
- Such a feature is especially important during coronary diagnostic imaging since minimal time would be needed to obtain reliable imaging while the blood flow through the vessel is blocked by the probe assembly. It is therefore towards fulfilling such needs that the present invention is directed.
- proximal end of a flexible drive cable is slidably coupled to a hollow extension rotary drive shaft with a splined shaft.
- the hollow extension drive shaft is, in turn, coupled to a motor, whereas the splined shaft cooperates with a manually operated slide member. Sliding movements of the slide member relative to the motor drive unit housing translate into direct longitudinal movements of the flexible drive cable, and hence the distally located cutter element. In brief, this arrangement does not appear to allow for automated longitudinal movements of the distally located probe element.
- the longitudinal position translator of the present invention is especially adapted for use with an intravascular probe assembly of type disclosed in the above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 5,115,814 (incorporated fully by reference hereinto). That is, the preferred intravascular probe assembly with which the position translator of the present invention may be used will include a flexible guide sheath introduced along a tortuous path of a patient's vascular system, and a rotatable probe element (preferably an ultrasonic imaging probe) which is operatively introduced into the lumen of the guide sheath.
- the position translator of the present invention may be modified easily to accommodate less complex one-piece ultrasonic probe assemblies. Rotational movements supplied by a patient-external motor are transferred to a distally located transducer subassembly by means of a flexible torque cable which extends through the guide sheath.
- the interior of the guide sheath provides a bearing surface against which the probe element rotates.
- This bearing surface supports the probe element during its rotation so that virtually no “play” is present—that is, so that the probe element rotates essentially &b axially relative to the vascular vessel undergoing therapy and/or investigation.
- the probe element is also longitudinally (i.e. axially) movable so that axial-spaced 360° data sample “slices” of the patient's vascular vessel wall can be imaged.
- the automated longitudinal position translator of the present invention generally includes a probe drive module and a linear translation module.
- the probe drive module is most preferably embodied in an elongate barrel-shaped housing structure having a manual positioning lever capable of reciprocal movements between advanced and retracted positions.
- the lever captures a proximal end of the guide sheath within which a probe element is disposed.
- a flexible torque cable connects the transducer subassembly at the distal end of the probe element to a drive shaft which is driven, in the preferred embodiment, by a precision rate-controlled motor located in a separate fixed base unit.
- the housing is hinged in a “clamshell” fashion to more easily facilitate electrical and mechanical coupling of the intravascular probe assembly.
- the lever may be eliminated when using less complex one-piece ultrasonic probe assemblies or modified so as to capture the guide catheter or introducer.
- the linear translation module supports the probe drive module.
- the linear translation module is coupled operatively to the probe drive module so as to allow for relative hinged movements thereby and thus permit the probe drive module to be moved between a manually-operable condition (whereby the probe drive module is disengaged from the longitudinal drive subassembly associated with the linear translation module to thereby allow a Physician to exercise manual control over the longitudinal positioning of the probe element) and an automated condition (whereby the probe drive module is operatively engaged with the linear translation module so that automated longitudinal position control over the probe element can be exercised)
- the ultrasound imaging probe will be physically positioned by an attending physician within a section of a patient's vascular system under investigation using conventional fluoroscopic positioning techniques. Thereafter, the proximal portion of the probe and guide sheath assembly will be coupled to the probe drive module.
- the probe drive module can then be employed to either manually or automatically translate the imaging probe element longitudinally within the section of the patients vascular system under investigation during an ultrasonic imaging scan of the same as may be desired by the attending physician by moving the probe drive module between its manual and automated conditions, respectively.
- the present invention thus allows the distally located probe element to be rotated, while simultaneously providing the attending physician with the capability of longitudinally translating the probe element at a constant automated translation rate to thereby obtain reliable data samples representative of longitudinally spaced-apart data “slices” of the patient's vascular section under investigation.
- These data “slices” may then be reconstructed using conventional computer-assisted algorithms to present the entire section of the patient's vascular system under investigation in a more informative “twodimensional” longitudinal or “three-dimensional” image display on a CRT (or other) monitor.
- the physician can thus manipulate the image orientation or two-dimensional sectional plane of the vascular section electronically and thereby achieve a more informative. representation of the condition of the patient's vascular section under investigation.
- the linear position translator provides for automated translation of the imaging probe from a distal location to a proximal location only.
- the imaging probe would not be advanced under automated control into the guide sheath.
- Such a preferred functional attribute eliminates the need for sophisticated sensor and control systems to sense and stop probe advancement should it encounter a “kink” or non-negotiable sharp bend in the guiding sheath.
- the guide sheath is supported by the probe and may not “kink”.
- the attending physician is assured that the bends are in fact negotiable by the probe upon its withdrawal through that same path.
- the preferred embodiment contemplates automated longitudinal translation in a proximal direction
- the attending physician advance the probe in a distal direction manually so that the physician may use his or her experience with the catheters and the tactile sensations to judge when an obstruction has been encountered.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic imaging system that includes an automated longitudinal position translator according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the probe drive module employed with the longitudinal position translator according to the present invention showing the housing thereof in an opened state;
- FIG. 3 is a side elevation view, partly in section, of the probe drive module shown in FIG. 2;
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are each side elevation views of the longitudinal position translator according to the present invention in its automated and manual conditions, respectively;
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are each top plan views of the longitudinal position translator according to the present invention in its automated and manual conditions, respectively;
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are each front end elevational views of the longitudinal position translator according to the present invention in its automated and manual conditions, respectively;
- FIG. 7 is a partial side elevational view which is also partly in section of the longitudinal position translator according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 8 A- 8 C are top plan views of the longitudinal position translator according to this invention which schematically depict a preferred mode of automated operation.
- System 10 generally includes an ultrasound imaging probe assembly 12 having a guide sheath 14 and a distally located ultrasound imaging probe element 16 inserted into the lumen of guide sheath 14 , the probe element 16 being. depicted in FIG. 1 as being visible through the guide sheath's transparent wall.
- the ultrasonic imaging probe assembly 12 preferably embodies those features more fully described in the above-identified U.S. Pat. No. 5,115,814.
- the overall length of the imaging probe assembly 12 is suitable for the desired diagnostic and/or therapeutic intravascular procedure.
- the overall length of the probe assembly 12 may be shorter for direct (e.g., arteriotomy) insertions as compared to the length of the probe assembly 12 needed for percutaneous distal insertions (e.g., via the femoral artery).
- a representative length of the imaging probe assembly 12 is therefore shown in the accompanying drawings for clarity of presentation.
- the terminal end of the guide sheath 14 preferably carries a radiopaque marker band IS formed of gold or other fluoroscopically visible material.
- the marker band 18 allows the attending physician to monitor the progress and position of the guide sheath 14 during intravascular insertions using standard fluoroscopic imaging techniques.
- the proximal end of the imaging probe assembly 12 is received within a probe drive module 20 .
- the probe drive module includes a distally open-ended and longitudinally barrel-shaped housing 22 , and a positioning lever 24 which captures the proximal end of the guide sheath 14 .
- the proximal end of the ultrasound imaging probe element 16 is mechanically and electrically connected to the probe drive module 20 . Longitudinal reciprocal movements of the positioning lever 24 relative to the housing 22 will thus in turn effect relative longitudinal displacements of the distal end of the probe element 16 within the guide sheath 14 relative to the longitudinal axis of the probe assembly 12 .
- the probe drive module 20 also includes a drive unit 26 fixedly connected proximal to the housing 22 and contains the structures which supply mechanical rotation and electrical signals to the probe element 16 .
- mechanical rotation of the probe element 16 is provided by a separate precision motor 28 associated with a base unit (not shown) and operatively coupled to the probe drive module 20 via a flexible drive cable 28 a .
- the drive unit 26 could be sized so as to accommodate the motor 28 .
- the drive unit 26 is most preferably configured so that the attending physician may comfortable grasp its exterior with one hand while the probe drive module 20 is in its manual condition.
- the drive unit 26 thus forms a handle which allows the physician to manually manipulate the relative position between the housing 22 and the positioning lever 24 thereby responsively permitting manual longitudinal movements to be imparted to the probe element 16 .
- a thumb/finger switch 30 may thus be manually depressed to allow the physician to selectively operate the drive unit 26 and thereby rotate the ultrasonic imaging probe element 16 when it is desired to conduct an ultrasonic imaging scan. Electrical connection between the switch 30 and the control console 46 is made via I/O cabling 41 .
- the transceiver 40 also performs conventional signal processing operations (e.g., amplification, noise reduction and the like) on electrical signals generated by the electromechanical excitation of the transducer within the probe element 16 (i.e., signals generated by the transducer in response to receiving acoustic echo waves).
- signal processing operations e.g., amplification, noise reduction and the like
- electrical signals generated by the electromechanical excitation of the transducer within the probe element 16 i.e., signals generated by the transducer in response to receiving acoustic echo waves.
- These signals are further processed digitally via known display algorithms (e.g., conventional PPI (radar) algorithms) and are then supplied as input to a CRT monitor 42 (or any other equivalent display device) so as to generate an ultrasound image 44 of desired format representative of the vascular structures reflecting ultrasonic energy toward the transducer within the distal end of the probe element 16 .
- a control console 46 may be employed by the attending physician so as to select the desired operational parameters of the ultrasound transceiver 40 and/or the display format of the image 44 on the CRT 42 , for example.
- the probe drive module 20 is operatively coupled to and supported by the linear translation module 48 so as to allow for reciprocal rectilinear movements of the housing 22 /drive unit 26 relative to both the linear translation module 48 and the positioning arm 24 which collectively remain in a fixed position as will be described in greater detail below.
- the probe drive module 20 is mounted for hinged movements relative to the linear translation module 48 between a manually-operable condition (whereby the probe drive module 20 is operatively disengaged from the motor driven translator associated with the linear translation module 48 ) and a automatically-operable condition (whereby the probe drive module 20 is operatively engaged with the motor driven translator associated with the linear translation module 48 ).
- the linear translation module 48 includes a proximal housing 48 a which contains appropriate speed-reducers, drive shafts and associated couplings to be described below in connection with FIG. 7. Suffice it to say here, however, that driven power is provided to the structures internally of housing 48 a by a separated precision motor So associated with a system base unit (not shown) which is coupled operatively to the structures internally of housing 48 a via a flexible drive shaft 50 a .
- the housing 48 a of the linear translation module 48 could be sized and configured so as to accommodate the motor 50 .
- Automated operation of the motor 50 (and hence the linear translation module 48 ) may be accomplished through the selection of appropriate operation parameters by the attending physician via control console 46 . Operation of both the linear translation module 48 and the probe drive module 20 may be initiated by depressing the foot-switch 27 .
- the exemplary probe drive module 20 which is employed in the present invention is perhaps more clearly depicted in accompanying FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the housing 22 is collectively formed a pair of elongate lower and upper housing sections 51 , 52 , respectively, which are coupled to one another along adjacent longitudinal edges in a clamshell-hinged arrangement via hinge pin 54 .
- proximal and distal ends 54 a , 54 b of pin 54 are rigidly fixed to the proximal and distal ends 51 a , 51 b of housing section 51 , respectively, while the housing section 52 is pivotally coupled to the pin 54 (and hence the housing section 51 ) by means of proximal and distal and intermediate pivot sleeves 56 a , 56 b and 56 c , respectively.
- the housing sections 51 , 52 are maintained in their closed state (i.e., as shown in FIGS. 4A through 5B) by means of a spring-loaded detent 57 a (see FIG. 2) which may be moved into and out of an aperture (not shown) formed in the housing section 51 via operating lever 57 b.
- the positioning lever 24 is oriented transversely relative to the elongate axis of housing 22 .
- the lever 24 includes a sleeve end 24 a which is coupled to the pivot pin 54 to allow reciprocal longitudinal and pivotal movements of the lever 24 to occur relative to the longitudinal axis of pin 54 .
- the opposite end 24 b of lever 24 extends radially outwardly from the housing 22 .
- the housing 22 defines an elongate slot 58 when the housing sections 51 , 52 are in a closed state (i.e., as depicted in FIG. 1.
- the slot 58 allows the positioning lever 24 to be manually moved along the longitudinal axis of pin 54 during use (i.e., when the housing sections 51 , 52 are in a closed state) between retracted and extended positions (shown respectively by phantom line representations 24 ′ and 24 ′′ in FIG. 2).
- the retracted position 24 ′ of lever 24 is established by a distal face of a pivot sleeve 56 c integral with the housing section 52 and pivotally coupled to pin 54 in a manner similar to pivot sleeves 56 a and 56 b .
- the extended position 24 ′′ of lever 24 is established by a proximal face of pivot sleeve 56 b.
- the lever 24 is supported by a concave inner surface 59 formed in the housing section 51 when the housing sections 51 and 52 are in a closed state.
- the inner surface 59 provides a bearing surface against which the lever 24 slides during the latter's movement between its retracted and extended positions 24 ′ and 24 ′′, respectively.
- a scale 60 (see FIGS. 4A and 5A) preferably is provided on the housing 22 .
- a pointer 24 c associated with the lever 24 may be aligned with the scale 60 to provide an attending physician with information regarding the position of probe element 16 relative to its most distal position within the guide sheath 14 . That is, longitudinal movement of lever 24 an incremental distance (as measured by pointer 24 c and the scale 60 ) will effect movement of the probe element 16 relative to its most distal position within the guide sheath's distal end by that same incremental dimension.
- FIG. 2 also more clearly shows the cooperative engagement between positioning lever 24 and the proximal end of guide sheath 14 .
- the proximal end of guide sheath 14 includes a side-arm port 70 which extends generally transverse to the longitudinal axis of guide sheath 14 .
- Side-arm port 70 includes a conventional Leur-type locking cap 72 that is coupled coaxially to a similar locking cap 74 associated with the proximal end of guide sheath 14 .
- Side-arm port 70 is thus in fluid-communication with the lumen of guide 14 so that saline solution, for example, may be introduced via side arm tubing 70 a.
- a shaft extension 75 of probe element 16 and electrical cabling coaxially carried thereby are mechanically and electrically coupled to the output shaft 77 of the probe drive module 20 via coaxial cable couplings 75 a and 75 b .
- coaxial cabling within the flexible torque cable portion of probe element 16 (not shown) will rotate with it as a unit during operation, but that the electrical I/O signals will be transferred to transceiver 40 by means of couplings 75 a and 75 b .
- the manner in which the separate electrical I/O path (represented by cable 41 see FIG. 1) and mechanical input path (represented by the flexible drive shaft 28 a —see FIG. 1) are combined into a common electrical/mechanical output path (represented by output shaft 77 ) will be explained in greater detail with reference to FIG. 3.
- the shaft extension 75 is preferably fabricated from a length of conventional stainless steel hypodermic tube and is rigidly coupled at its distal end to a flexible torque cable (not shown) As mentioned briefly above, the torque cable extends the length of the guide sheath 14 and is connected at its distal end to a transducer subassembly in the distal end of the probe element 16 . The torque cable thereby transfers the rotational motion imparted via the motor to shaft extension 75 of the probe element 16 causing the transducer subassembly to similarly rotate within the lumen of the guide sheath 14 near the guide sheath's distal end, as well as to be longitudinally shifted within guide sheath 14 via manipulation of the relative position of the arm 24 .
- the shaft extension 75 extends through an end′ cap 76 which is coupled coaxially to locking caps 72 and 74 .
- End cap 76 houses a synthetic resin bearing element (not shown) which serves as a proximal rotational bearing for the shaft 75 , and also serves to seal the proximal end of guide sheath 14 against fluid (e.g., saline liquid) leakage.
- fluid e.g., saline liquid
- Lever 24 defines a pair of mutually transverse concave cradle surfaces 80 and 82 .
- the longitudinal dimension of cradle surface 80 is oriented parallel to the longitudinal dimension of housing 22
- cradle surface 82 (which is joined at one of its ends to the cradle surface 80 ) is oriented transverse to the -longitudinal dimension of housing 22 (i.e., since it is traverse to. cradle surface 80 ).
- Cradle surface 80 is sized and configured so as to accommodate an exterior surface portion of coaxially locked caps 72 , 74 and 76 .
- Cradle surface 82 is sized and configured to accept side-arm port 70 and side-arm tubing 70 a extending therefrom.
- An axially extending inner concave surface 84 is defined in housing section 52 and, like cradle surface 82 , is sized and configured so as to accept an exterior portion of locking caps 72 , 74 and 76 .
- caps 72 , 74 and 76 When housing sections 51 and 52 are in a closed state, caps 72 , 74 and 76 will be enveloped by housing 22 . More specifically, inner concave surface 84 will positionally restrain caps 72 , 74 and 76 within cradle surface 80 when housing sections 51 and 52 are closed. Since side-arm port 70 will likewise be positionally restrained within cradle surface 82 when housing sections 51 , 52 are closed, caps 72 , 74 and 76 will be moved longitudinally as a unit with position lever 24 .
- the interior of the drive unit 26 is hollow to house electrical/mechanical coupling assembly 85 .
- Electrical/mechanical coupling 85 combines an electrical input path—represented by coaxial I/O cable 41 which establishes electrical communication with transceiver 40 —and a mechanical input path—represented by flexible drive shaft 28 a associated with motor 28 (see FIG. 1) into a common coaxial output shaft 77 .
- Output shaft 77 is rotatably held within bearing block 86 and includes a rearwardly extending rotatable tail portion carrying a number of electrical slip-rings 86 a .
- Electrical communication between the slip-rings 86 a and, coupling 75 b is established by a length of coaxial cable (not shown) housed within the output shaft 77 .
- Stationary brushes 88 a in sliding electrical contact with respective ones of the slip-rings 86 a are associated with a brush block 88 .
- Lead wires 88 b are, in turn, coupled electrically at one end to brush block 88 (and hence to coaxial connector 75 a via brushes 88 a and slip-rings 86 a ), and at the other end to coaxial I/O cable 41 via a ferrite coil transformer (not shown).
- Slip-rings 86 a , brush 88 a , brush block 88 , lead wires 88 b , and ferrite core transformer (not shown) are housed within a common electrically shielded enclosure 90 .
- the mechanical input path generally represented by flexible drive shaft 28 a is coupled operatively to one end of a rigid rotatable drive shaft 92 carrying a drive gear 94 at its other end.
- Drive gear 94 is, in turn, meshed with a gear 96 carried by output shaft 77 .
- meshed gears 94 , 96 will cause shaft 77 to responsively rotate.
- gears 94 and 96 are in a 1:1 ratio, but other gear sizes (and hence ratios) may be provided if desired.
- the probe drive unit 20 is mounted for reciprocal rectilinear movements to the linear translation module 48 as is shown in accompanying FIGS. 4A through 6B.
- the linear translation module includes a base plate 100 which supports the housing 48 a and its internal structures (to be described below with reference to FIG. 7).
- the probe drive module 20 itself includes a longitudinally spaced-apart pair of support flanges 102 , 104 , each of which is slidably mounted onto a pair of parallel guide rails 106 , 108 .
- the proximal end of guide rail 106 is pivotally connected to the housing 48 a while its distal terminal end is pivotally connected to an upright support block 106 a .
- a forward and rearward pair of transverse support arms 110 , 112 each having one end rigidly coupled to guide rail 106 and an opposite end rigidly coupled to the guide rail 108 .
- the support arms 110 , 112 are capable of pivoting between a lowered position (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 4A, 5A and 6 A) and a raised position (e.g., as shown in FIGS.
- each transverse support arm 110 , 112 between which the guide rail 108 is fixed are removably captured by upright restraining posts 114 , 116 , respectively.
- the restraining posts 114 , 116 are rigidly supported by the base plate 100 and include an inwardly projecting lip 114 a , 116 a which provide an interference fit with the terminal ends of support arms 110 , 112 , respectively.
- the restraining posts 114 , 116 be formed of a relatively stiff, but resilient plastics material (e.g., nylon, polyacetal or the like) so that when the probe drive unit is moved between its automatically-operable and manually-operable conditions, the posts 114 , 116 are capable of yielding somewhat to allow such movement.
- a relatively stiff, but resilient plastics material e.g., nylon, polyacetal or the like
- the positioning arm 24 of the probe drive unit 20 is fixedly tied to the forward transverse support arm 110 by an upright connector 120 a on a longitudinal connector 120 b .
- the upper end of upright connector 120 a extends through a longitudinal slot on the side of the housing 22 opposite slot 58 and positionally captures the ends of the positioning arm 24 around pin 54 .
- the lower end of the upright connector 120 a is connected to the distal end of the horizontally disposed longitudinal connector 120 b .
- the proximal end of longitudinal connector 120 b is, in turn, rigidly fixed to the transverse support arm 110 by any suitable means (e.g., screws).
- the position of the positioning arm 24 (and hence the guide sheath 14 ) remains fixed relative to the base 100 of the linear translation module 48 during longitudinal movements of the probe drive module 20 along the guide rails 106 and 108 .
- the relative position of the patient-internal transducer subassembly at the distal end of the probe element 16 will correspondingly shift the same distance as the probe drive module 20 relative to the patient internal distal end of the guide sheath 14 .
- the threaded collar portion 122 is disengaged from the threads of drive screw 120 when the probe drive module 20 is in its manually-operable condition.
- the attending physician may simply manually shift the probe drive module 20 longitudinally along the guide rails 106 , 108 .
- the threads associated with the threaded collar portion 122 will be mateably engaged with the threads of the drive screw 120 .
- rotation of the drive screw 120 about its longitudinal axis will translate into longitudinal displacement of the probe drive module 20 .
- the threads of the drive screw 120 and the threaded collar portion 122 as well as the rotation direction of the drive screw 120 are most preferably selected so as to effect longitudinal shifting of the probe drive module from the distal end of the drive screw towards the proximal end thereof—i.e., a distal to proximal displacement.
- these parameters could be changed so as to effect a reverse (proximal to distal) displacement of the probe drive unit, if necessary or desired.
- the drive screw 120 is coupled operatively to the flexible drive shaft 50 a (and hence to the driven output of motor 50 ) by the structures contained within housing 48 a .
- the proximal end of the drive screw is coupled to the output shaft of a speed reducer 128 via a shaft coupling 130 .
- the input to the speed reducer 128 is, in turn, coupled to the flexible drive shaft 50 a from a rigid shaft extension member 132 and its associated shaft couplings 132 a and 132 b .
- the speed reducer 128 is of a conventional variety which provides a predetermined reduced rotational speed output based on the rotational speed input.
- the motor 50 , speed reducer 128 and drive screw 120 are designed so as to effect longitudinal translation of the probe drive unit 20 at a rate of between about 0.25 to 1.0 mm/sec.
- other longitudinal translation rates may be provided by varying the parameters of the motor 50 , speed reducer 128 and/or drive screw 120 .
- the attending physician will preposition the guide sheath 14 and imaging probe element 16 associated with the ultrasound imaging probe assembly 12 within the vessel of the patient to be examined using standard fluoroscopic techniques and/or the techniques disclosed in the above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 5,115,814.
- the proximal end of the probe assembly 12 will be coupled to the probe drive module 20 in the manner described above.
- the physician may conduct an ultrasound scan of the patient's vessel by operatinq switch. 30 to cause high-speed rotation of the transducer subassembly 1 b within the guide sheath 14 .
- Data samples associated with different transverse sections of patient's vessel may then be obtained by the physician manually shifting the probe drive module 20 along the guide rails 106 , 108 in the manner described above.
- the physician may elect to pivot the probe drive module 20 into its automatically-operable condition and then select automated operation of the same via the control console 46 and foot-switch 27 .
- the probe drive module (and hence the transducer subassembly at the distal end of the probe element 16 ) will be shifted longitudinally at a constant rate simultaneously with high-speed rotation of the transducer subassembly.
- data samples representing longitudinally spaced-apart 360 ′′ “slices” of the patient's interior vessel walls will be accumulated which can then be reconstructed using known algorithms and displayed in “two-dimensional” or “three-dimensional” formats on the monitor 42 .
- FIGS. 8 A- 8 C schematically depict the longitudinal translator according to this invention being operated in an automated manner.
- the probe drive module 20 is most preferably translated in a distal to proximal direction by means of the linear translation module 48 (i.e., in the direction of arrows 140 in FIGS. 8A and 8B).
- the probe drive module is shown in a position at the beginning of an automated ultrasonic imaging scan, it being noted that the pointer 24 c .associated with the positioning arm 24 registers with the zero marking on the scale 60 .
- the physician will then initiate automated ultrasonic scanning via the foot-switch 27 which causes the probe drive unit 20 to be displaced proximally (arrow 140 ) at a constant rate as shown in FIG. 8B.
- This proximal displacement of the probe drive module 20 will, in turn, cause the transducer subassembly on the distal end of the probe element 16 to be longitudinally displaced proximally (i.e., pulled back away from) the distal-most end of the guide sheath 14 .
- the ultrasonic imaging scan is automatically terminated (e.g., by use of suitable limit switches and/or position transducers) when the probe drive unit reaches its most proximal position as shown in FIG. 8C.
- the present invention most preferably is provided with a limit switch (not shown) enclosed within a limit switch housing 29 (see FIGS. 4 a and 5 A) which is mechanically actuated when support flange 102 contacts support arm 112 (i.e., when the probe drive module 20 is in its most proximal position).
- the limit switch in housing 29 communicates electrically with the control console 46 via cabling 41 .
- the housing 29 could be sized and configured to accommodate an absolute position transducer so as to communicate absolute position to the control console 46 .
- the information provided by such an absolute position transducer could be employed in conjunction with modified reconstruction algorithms for image reconstruction, even during manual operation of the probe drive module 20 .
- the pointer 24 c associated with the positioning arm 24 registers with-the marking “10” on the scale 60 of housing 22 .
- the ultrasonic imaging scan need-not necessarily be conducted over the entire range of 0-10 marked on the scale 60 and thus could be terminated at any time by the physician simply releasing the foot-switch 27 or by simply pivoting the probe drive module 20 into its manually-operable condition.
- a flexible drive shaft connects the linear translation module to a rate-controlled motor which controls the automatic linear translation rate.
- the motor is most preferably located in a separate fixed base unit, but could be provided as in an integral part of the linear translation module, if desired.
- various translation rates associated with the motor may be selected for various purposes. For example, slow rates give ample time for the physician to examine the real-time images in cases where time is not a limiting factor.
- the rate upper limit is governed by the probe rotation rate and the effective thickness of the imaging data slices generated by the probe, such that there is no (or an acceptable) gap between successive imaging data slices. This would prevent missing discernible features during vascular imaging with automatic Translation.
- the effective thickness is governed by the ultrasonic beam characteristics of the probe.
- the translation may be discontinuous (i.e., gated to an electrocardiogram) for use with modified algorithms or programmed to translate a fixed distance discontinuously.
Abstract
Description
- This application is related to commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 5,115,814 issuing on May 26, 1992 to James M. Griffith et al, and entitled “Intravascular Ultrasonic Imaging Probe and Methods of Using Same”, which is the parent of commonly owned and copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/840,134 filed on Feb. 24, 1992, the entire content of each being expressly incorporated hereinto by reference.
- The present invention generally relates to elongate probe assemblies of sufficiently miniaturized dimensions so as to be capable of navigating tortuous paths within a patient's organs and/or vessels. In preferred forms, the present invention is embodied in automated units which are connectable to a probe assembly having a distally located ultrasound transducer subassembly which enables the transducer subassembly to be positioned accurately by an attending physician and then translated longitudinally (relative to the axis of the elongate probe assembly) within the patient under automated control.
- I. Introductory Background Information
- Probe assemblies having therapeutic and/or diagnostic capabilities are being increasingly utilized by the medical community as an aid to treatment and/or diagnosis of intravascular and other organ ailments. In this regard, U.S. Pat. No. 5, 115, 814 discloses an intravascular probe assembly with a distally located ultrasonic imaging probe element which is positionable relative to intravascular sites. Operation of the ultrasonic element in conjunction with associated electronic components generates visible images that aid an attending physician in his or her treatment of a patient's vascular ailments. Thus, a physician may view in real (or essentially near real) time intravascular images generated by the ultrasonic imaging probe element to locate and identify intravascular abnormalities that may be present and thereby prescribe the appropriate treatment and/or therapy.
- The need to position accurately a distally located operative probe element relative to an intravascular site using any therapeutic and/or diagnostic probe assembly is important so that the attending physician can confidently determine the location of any abnormalities within the patient's intravascular system. Accurate intravascular position information for the probe assembly will also enable the physician to later replicate probe positions that may be needed for subsequent therapeutic and/or diagnostic procedures. For example, to enable the physician to administer a prescribed treatment regimen over time and/or to later monitor the effects of earlier therapeutic procedures.
- Recently ultrasonic imaging using computer-assisted reconstruction algorithms has enabled physicians to view a representation of the patient's interior intravascular structures in two or three dimensions (i.e., so-called three dimensional or longitudinal view reconstruction). In this connection, the current image reconstruction algorithms employ data-averaging techniques which assume that the intravascular structure between an adjacent pair of data samples will simply be an average of each such data sample. Thus, the algorithms use graphical “fill in” techniques to depict a selected section of a patient's vascular system under investigation. Of course, if data samples are not sufficiently closely spaced, then lesions and/or other vessel abnormalities may in fact remain undetected (i.e., since they might lie between a pair of data samples and thereby be “masked” by the image reconstruction algorithms mentioned previously).
- In practice, it is quite difficult for conventional ultrasonic imaging probes to obtain sufficiently closely spaced data sample=of a section of a patient's vascular system under investigation since the reconstruction algorithms currently available depend upon the software's ability to process precisely longitudinally separated data samples. In this regard, conventional intravascular imaging systems depend upon manual longitudinal translation of the distally located ultrasound imaging probe element by an attending physician. Even with the,most skilled physician, it is practically impossible manually to exercise constant rate longitudinal translation of the ultrasound imaging probe (which thereby provides for a precisely known separation distance between adjacent data samples). In addition, with manual translation, the physician must manipulate the translation device while observing the conventional two dimensional sectional images. This division of the physician's attention and difficulty in providing a sufficiently slow constant translation rate can result in some diagnostic information being missed. In order to minimize the risk that diagnostic information is missed, then it is necessary to devote more time to conducting the actual imaging scan which may be stressful to the patient.
- Thus, what has been needed in this art, is an ultrasound imaging probe assembly which is capable of being translated longitudinally within a section of a patient's vascular system at a precise constant rate. Such an ability would enable a series of corresponding precisely separated data samples to be obtained thereby minimizing (if not eliminating) distorted and/or inaccurate reconstructions of the ultrasonically scanned vessel section (i.e., since a greater number of more closely spaced data samples could reliably be obtained). Also, such an assembly could be operated in a “hands-off” manner which would then allow the physician to devote his attention entirely to the real time images with the assurance that all sections of the vessel were displayed. In terms of reconstruction, the ultrasound imaging probe could be removed immediately and the physician could interrogate the images or their alternative reconstructions on a near real time basis. Such a feature is especially important during coronary diagnostic imaging since minimal time would be needed to obtain reliable imaging while the blood flow through the vessel is blocked by the probe assembly. It is therefore towards fulfilling such needs that the present invention is directed.
- II. Information Disclosure Statement
- One prior proposal for effecting longitudinal movements of a distally located operative element associated with an elongate probe assembly is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,771,774 issued to John B. Simpson et al on Sep. 20, 1988 (hereinafter “Simpson et al '774”). The device disclosed in Simpson et al '774 includes a self-contained motor drive unit for rotating a distally located cutter element via a flexible drive cable with manual means to effect relative longitudinal movements' of the rotating cutter element.
- More specifically, in Simpson et al '774, the proximal end of a flexible drive cable is slidably coupled to a hollow extension rotary drive shaft with a splined shaft. The hollow extension drive shaft is, in turn, coupled to a motor, whereas the splined shaft cooperates with a manually operated slide member. Sliding movements of the slide member relative to the motor drive unit housing translate into direct longitudinal movements of the flexible drive cable, and hence the distally located cutter element. In brief, this arrangement does not appear to allow for automated longitudinal movements of the distally located probe element.
- The longitudinal position translator of the present invention is especially adapted for use with an intravascular probe assembly of type disclosed in the above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 5,115,814 (incorporated fully by reference hereinto). That is, the preferred intravascular probe assembly with which the position translator of the present invention may be used will include a flexible guide sheath introduced along a tortuous path of a patient's vascular system, and a rotatable probe element (preferably an ultrasonic imaging probe) which is operatively introduced into the lumen of the guide sheath. Of course, the position translator of the present invention may be modified easily to accommodate less complex one-piece ultrasonic probe assemblies. Rotational movements supplied by a patient-external motor are transferred to a distally located transducer subassembly by means of a flexible torque cable which extends through the guide sheath.
- As is described more completely in U.S. Pat. No. 5,115,814, the interior of the guide sheath provides a bearing surface against which the probe element rotates. This bearing surface supports the probe element during its rotation so that virtually no “play” is present—that is, so that the probe element rotates essentially &b axially relative to the vascular vessel undergoing therapy and/or investigation. The probe element is also longitudinally (i.e. axially) movable so that axial-spaced 360° data sample “slices” of the patient's vascular vessel wall can be imaged.
- The automated longitudinal position translator of the present invention generally includes a probe drive module and a linear translation module. The probe drive module is most preferably embodied in an elongate barrel-shaped housing structure having a manual positioning lever capable of reciprocal movements between advanced and retracted positions. The lever captures a proximal end of the guide sheath within which a probe element is disposed. A flexible torque cable connects the transducer subassembly at the distal end of the probe element to a drive shaft which is driven, in the preferred embodiment, by a precision rate-controlled motor located in a separate fixed base unit. Preferably, the housing is hinged in a “clamshell” fashion to more easily facilitate electrical and mechanical coupling of the intravascular probe assembly. The lever may be eliminated when using less complex one-piece ultrasonic probe assemblies or modified so as to capture the guide catheter or introducer.
- The linear translation module supports the probe drive module. In addition, the linear translation module is coupled operatively to the probe drive module so as to allow for relative hinged movements thereby and thus permit the probe drive module to be moved between a manually-operable condition (whereby the probe drive module is disengaged from the longitudinal drive subassembly associated with the linear translation module to thereby allow a Physician to exercise manual control over the longitudinal positioning of the probe element) and an automated condition (whereby the probe drive module is operatively engaged with the linear translation module so that automated longitudinal position control over the probe element can be exercised)
- In use, the ultrasound imaging probe will be physically positioned by an attending physician within a section of a patient's vascular system under investigation using conventional fluoroscopic positioning techniques. Thereafter, the proximal portion of the probe and guide sheath assembly will be coupled to the probe drive module. The probe drive module can then be employed to either manually or automatically translate the imaging probe element longitudinally within the section of the patients vascular system under investigation during an ultrasonic imaging scan of the same as may be desired by the attending physician by moving the probe drive module between its manual and automated conditions, respectively. The present invention thus allows the distally located probe element to be rotated, while simultaneously providing the attending physician with the capability of longitudinally translating the probe element at a constant automated translation rate to thereby obtain reliable data samples representative of longitudinally spaced-apart data “slices” of the patient's vascular section under investigation. These data “slices” may then be reconstructed using conventional computer-assisted algorithms to present the entire section of the patient's vascular system under investigation in a more informative “twodimensional” longitudinal or “three-dimensional” image display on a CRT (or other) monitor. The physician can thus manipulate the image orientation or two-dimensional sectional plane of the vascular section electronically and thereby achieve a more informative. representation of the condition of the patient's vascular section under investigation.
- In its preferred embodiment, the linear position translator provides for automated translation of the imaging probe from a distal location to a proximal location only. Thus, the imaging probe would not be advanced under automated control into the guide sheath. Such a preferred functional attribute eliminates the need for sophisticated sensor and control systems to sense and stop probe advancement should it encounter a “kink” or non-negotiable sharp bend in the guiding sheath. Furthermore, during probe withdrawal (i.e., distal to proximal motion), the guide sheath is supported by the probe and may not “kink”. Also, since the probe has already negotiated all bends during its initial manual distal advancement, the attending physician is assured that the bends are in fact negotiable by the probe upon its withdrawal through that same path. Thus, although the preferred embodiment contemplates automated longitudinal translation in a proximal direction, it is likewise preferred that the attending physician advance the probe in a distal direction manually so that the physician may use his or her experience with the catheters and the tactile sensations to judge when an obstruction has been encountered.
- Further features and advantages of the present invention will become more clear after careful consideration is given to the following detailed description of presently preferred exemplary embodiments.
- Reference will hereinafter be made to the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals throughout the various FIGURES denote like structural elements, and wherein;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic imaging system that includes an automated longitudinal position translator according to the present invention;
- FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the probe drive module employed with the longitudinal position translator according to the present invention showing the housing thereof in an opened state;
- FIG. 3 is a side elevation view, partly in section, of the probe drive module shown in FIG. 2;
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are each side elevation views of the longitudinal position translator according to the present invention in its automated and manual conditions, respectively;
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are each top plan views of the longitudinal position translator according to the present invention in its automated and manual conditions, respectively;
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are each front end elevational views of the longitudinal position translator according to the present invention in its automated and manual conditions, respectively;
- FIG. 7 is a partial side elevational view which is also partly in section of the longitudinal position translator according to the present invention; and
- FIGS.8A-8C are top plan views of the longitudinal position translator according to this invention which schematically depict a preferred mode of automated operation.
- A schematic diagram of an exemplary
ultrasound imaging system 10 is shown in accompanying FIG. 1.System 10 generally includes an ultrasoundimaging probe assembly 12 having aguide sheath 14 and a distally located ultrasoundimaging probe element 16 inserted into the lumen ofguide sheath 14, theprobe element 16 being. depicted in FIG. 1 as being visible through the guide sheath's transparent wall. The ultrasonicimaging probe assembly 12 preferably embodies those features more fully described in the above-identified U.S. Pat. No. 5,115,814. - The overall length of the
imaging probe assembly 12 is suitable for the desired diagnostic and/or therapeutic intravascular procedure. For example, the overall length of theprobe assembly 12 may be shorter for direct (e.g., arteriotomy) insertions as compared to the length of theprobe assembly 12 needed for percutaneous distal insertions (e.g., via the femoral artery). A representative length of theimaging probe assembly 12 is therefore shown in the accompanying drawings for clarity of presentation. - The terminal end of the
guide sheath 14 preferably carries a radiopaque marker band IS formed of gold or other fluoroscopically visible material. Themarker band 18 allows the attending physician to monitor the progress and position of theguide sheath 14 during intravascular insertions using standard fluoroscopic imaging techniques. - The proximal end of the
imaging probe assembly 12 is received within aprobe drive module 20. In essence, the probe drive module. includes a distally open-ended and longitudinally barrel-shapedhousing 22, and apositioning lever 24 which captures the proximal end of theguide sheath 14. The proximal end of the ultrasoundimaging probe element 16 is mechanically and electrically connected to theprobe drive module 20. Longitudinal reciprocal movements of thepositioning lever 24 relative to thehousing 22 will thus in turn effect relative longitudinal displacements of the distal end of theprobe element 16 within theguide sheath 14 relative to the longitudinal axis of theprobe assembly 12. - The
probe drive module 20 also includes adrive unit 26 fixedly connected proximal to thehousing 22 and contains the structures which supply mechanical rotation and electrical signals to theprobe element 16. In the preferred embodiment, mechanical rotation of theprobe element 16 is provided by aseparate precision motor 28 associated with a base unit (not shown) and operatively coupled to theprobe drive module 20 via aflexible drive cable 28 a. It is entirely conceivable, however, that thedrive unit 26 could be sized so as to accommodate themotor 28. - The
drive unit 26 is most preferably configured so that the attending physician may comfortable grasp its exterior with one hand while theprobe drive module 20 is in its manual condition. Thedrive unit 26 thus forms a handle which allows the physician to manually manipulate the relative position between thehousing 22 and thepositioning lever 24 thereby responsively permitting manual longitudinal movements to be imparted to theprobe element 16. A thumb/finger switch 30 may thus be manually depressed to allow the physician to selectively operate thedrive unit 26 and thereby rotate the ultrasonicimaging probe element 16 when it is desired to conduct an ultrasonic imaging scan. Electrical connection between theswitch 30 and thecontrol console 46 is made via I/O cabling 41. - During rotation, electrical communication is established between the transducer subassembly in the distal end of the ultrasonic
imaging probe element 16 and theultrasound transceiver 40 via patient-internal electrical coaxial cabling (not shown) within theguide sheath 14,drive unit 26 and electrical patient-external I/O cabling 41. Theultrasound transceiver 40 produces a pulse signal (of desired magnitude and shape) which is applied via theelectrical cabling 41 to an electroacoustic transducer associated with the distal end of theprobe element 16. Thetransceiver 40 also performs conventional signal processing operations (e.g., amplification, noise reduction and the like) on electrical signals generated by the electromechanical excitation of the transducer within the probe element 16 (i.e., signals generated by the transducer in response to receiving acoustic echo waves). - These signals are further processed digitally via known display algorithms (e.g., conventional PPI (radar) algorithms) and are then supplied as input to a CRT monitor42 (or any other equivalent display device) so as to generate an
ultrasound image 44 of desired format representative of the vascular structures reflecting ultrasonic energy toward the transducer within the distal end of theprobe element 16. Acontrol console 46 may be employed by the attending physician so as to select the desired operational parameters of theultrasound transceiver 40 and/or the display format of theimage 44 on theCRT 42, for example. - The
probe drive module 20 is operatively coupled to and supported by thelinear translation module 48 so as to allow for reciprocal rectilinear movements of thehousing 22/drive unit 26 relative to both thelinear translation module 48 and thepositioning arm 24 which collectively remain in a fixed position as will be described in greater detail below. As will also be described in greater detail below, theprobe drive module 20 is mounted for hinged movements relative to thelinear translation module 48 between a manually-operable condition (whereby theprobe drive module 20 is operatively disengaged from the motor driven translator associated with the linear translation module 48) and a automatically-operable condition (whereby theprobe drive module 20 is operatively engaged with the motor driven translator associated with the linear translation module 48). - The
linear translation module 48 includes aproximal housing 48 a which contains appropriate speed-reducers, drive shafts and associated couplings to be described below in connection with FIG. 7. Suffice it to say here, however, that driven power is provided to the structures internally ofhousing 48 a by a separated precision motor So associated with a system base unit (not shown) which is coupled operatively to the structures internally ofhousing 48 a via aflexible drive shaft 50 a. Again, it is entirely conceivable that thehousing 48 a of thelinear translation module 48 could be sized and configured so as to accommodate themotor 50. Automated operation of the motor 50 (and hence the linear translation module 48) may be accomplished through the selection of appropriate operation parameters by the attending physician viacontrol console 46. Operation of both thelinear translation module 48 and theprobe drive module 20 may be initiated by depressing the foot-switch 27. - The exemplary
probe drive module 20 which is employed in the present invention is perhaps more clearly depicted in accompanying FIGS. 2 and 3. As is seen, thehousing 22 is collectively formed a pair of elongate lower andupper housing sections 51, 52, respectively, which are coupled to one another along adjacent longitudinal edges in a clamshell-hinged arrangement viahinge pin 54. - It will be noticed with particular reference to FIG. 2 that the proximal and distal ends54 a, 54 b of
pin 54 are rigidly fixed to the proximal and distal ends 51 a, 51 b ofhousing section 51, respectively, while the housing section 52 is pivotally coupled to the pin 54 (and hence the housing section 51) by means of proximal and distal andintermediate pivot sleeves housing sections 51, 52 are maintained in their closed state (i.e., as shown in FIGS. 4A through 5B) by means of a spring-loadeddetent 57 a (see FIG. 2) which may be moved into and out of an aperture (not shown) formed in thehousing section 51 via operatinglever 57 b. - The
positioning lever 24 is oriented transversely relative to the elongate axis ofhousing 22. In this regard, thelever 24 includes a sleeve end 24 a which is coupled to thepivot pin 54 to allow reciprocal longitudinal and pivotal movements of thelever 24 to occur relative to the longitudinal axis ofpin 54. Theopposite end 24 b oflever 24 extends radially outwardly from thehousing 22. - The
housing 22 defines anelongate slot 58 when thehousing sections 51, 52 are in a closed state (i.e., as depicted in FIG. 1. Theslot 58 allows thepositioning lever 24 to be manually moved along the longitudinal axis ofpin 54 during use (i.e., when thehousing sections 51, 52 are in a closed state) between retracted and extended positions (shown respectively byphantom line representations 24′ and 24″ in FIG. 2). The retractedposition 24′ oflever 24 is established by a distal face of apivot sleeve 56 c integral with the housing section 52 and pivotally coupled to pin 54 in a manner similar to pivotsleeves extended position 24″ oflever 24 is established by a proximal face ofpivot sleeve 56 b. - The
lever 24 is supported by a concaveinner surface 59 formed in thehousing section 51 when thehousing sections 51 and 52 are in a closed state. Theinner surface 59 provides a bearing surface against which thelever 24 slides during the latter's movement between its retracted andextended positions 24′ and 24″, respectively. - A scale60 (see FIGS. 4A and 5A) preferably is provided on the
housing 22. Apointer 24 c associated with thelever 24 may be aligned with thescale 60 to provide an attending physician with information regarding the position ofprobe element 16 relative to its most distal position within theguide sheath 14. That is, longitudinal movement oflever 24 an incremental distance (as measured bypointer 24 c and the scale 60) will effect movement of theprobe element 16 relative to its most distal position within the guide sheath's distal end by that same incremental dimension. - Accompanying FIG. 2 also more clearly shows the cooperative engagement between
positioning lever 24 and the proximal end ofguide sheath 14. In this regard, it will be noted that the proximal end ofguide sheath 14 includes a side-arm port 70 which extends generally transverse to the longitudinal axis ofguide sheath 14. Side-arm port 70 includes a conventional Leur-type locking cap 72 that is coupled coaxially to a similar locking cap 74 associated with the proximal end ofguide sheath 14. Side-arm port 70 is thus in fluid-communication with the lumen ofguide 14 so that saline solution, for example, may be introduced via side arm tubing 70 a. - A
shaft extension 75 ofprobe element 16 and electrical cabling coaxially carried thereby are mechanically and electrically coupled to theoutput shaft 77 of theprobe drive module 20 viacoaxial cable couplings 75 a and 75 b. It will be appreciated that coaxial cabling within the flexible torque cable portion of probe element 16 (not shown) will rotate with it as a unit during operation, but that the electrical I/O signals will be transferred totransceiver 40 by means ofcouplings 75 a and 75 b. The manner in which the separate electrical I/O path (represented bycable 41 see FIG. 1) and mechanical input path (represented by theflexible drive shaft 28 a —see FIG. 1) are combined into a common electrical/mechanical output path (represented by output shaft 77) will be explained in greater detail with reference to FIG. 3. - The
shaft extension 75 is preferably fabricated from a length of conventional stainless steel hypodermic tube and is rigidly coupled at its distal end to a flexible torque cable (not shown) As mentioned briefly above, the torque cable extends the length of theguide sheath 14 and is connected at its distal end to a transducer subassembly in the distal end of theprobe element 16. The torque cable thereby transfers the rotational motion imparted via the motor toshaft extension 75 of theprobe element 16 causing the transducer subassembly to similarly rotate within the lumen of theguide sheath 14 near the guide sheath's distal end, as well as to be longitudinally shifted withinguide sheath 14 via manipulation of the relative position of thearm 24. - The
shaft extension 75 extends through an end′cap 76 which is coupled coaxially to lockingcaps 72 and 74.End cap 76 houses a synthetic resin bearing element (not shown) which serves as a proximal rotational bearing for theshaft 75, and also serves to seal the proximal end ofguide sheath 14 against fluid (e.g., saline liquid) leakage. -
Lever 24 defines a pair of mutually transverse concave cradle surfaces 80 and 82. The longitudinal dimension ofcradle surface 80 is oriented parallel to the longitudinal dimension ofhousing 22, whereas cradle surface 82 (which is joined at one of its ends to the cradle surface 80) is oriented transverse to the -longitudinal dimension of housing 22 (i.e., since it is traverse to. cradle surface 80). -
Cradle surface 80 is sized and configured so as to accommodate an exterior surface portion of coaxially locked caps 72, 74 and 76.Cradle surface 82, on the other hand, is sized and configured to accept side-arm port 70 and side-arm tubing 70 a extending therefrom. An axially extending inner concave surface 84 is defined in housing section 52 and, likecradle surface 82, is sized and configured so as to accept an exterior portion of lockingcaps - When
housing sections 51 and 52 are in a closed state, caps 72, 74 and 76 will be enveloped byhousing 22. More specifically, inner concave surface 84 will positionally restraincaps cradle surface 80 whenhousing sections 51 and 52 are closed. Since side-arm port 70 will likewise be positionally restrained withincradle surface 82 whenhousing sections 51, 52 are closed, caps 72, 74 and 76 will be moved longitudinally as a unit withposition lever 24. That is, longitudinal movements oflever arm 24 between its retracted and extended positions will cause the proximal end of guide sheath 14 (i.e., coaxially mounted caps 72, 74 and 76) to be longitudinally moved relative to the longitudinally stationary (but axially rotatable)shaft extension 75. In such a manner, the proximal end ofguide sheath 14 will be moved closer to and farther from the open distal end ofhousing 22. - As can be seen in FIG. 3, the interior of the
drive unit 26 is hollow to house electrical/mechanical coupling assembly 85. Electrical/mechanical coupling 85 combines an electrical input path—represented by coaxial I/O cable 41 which establishes electrical communication withtransceiver 40—and a mechanical input path—represented byflexible drive shaft 28 a associated with motor 28 (see FIG. 1) into a commoncoaxial output shaft 77. -
Output shaft 77 is rotatably held within bearingblock 86 and includes a rearwardly extending rotatable tail portion carrying a number of electrical slip-rings 86 a. Electrical communication between the slip-rings 86 a and, coupling 75 b is established by a length of coaxial cable (not shown) housed within theoutput shaft 77. Stationary brushes 88 a in sliding electrical contact with respective ones of the slip-rings 86 a are associated with abrush block 88. Leadwires 88 b are, in turn, coupled electrically at one end to brush block 88 (and hence to coaxial connector 75 a via brushes 88 a and slip-rings 86 a), and at the other end to coaxial I/O cable 41 via a ferrite coil transformer (not shown). Slip-rings 86 a, brush 88 a,brush block 88,lead wires 88 b, and ferrite core transformer (not shown) are housed within a common electrically shieldedenclosure 90. - The mechanical input path generally represented by
flexible drive shaft 28 a is coupled operatively to one end of a rigidrotatable drive shaft 92 carrying adrive gear 94 at its other end.Drive gear 94 is, in turn, meshed with agear 96 carried byoutput shaft 77. Upon rotation ofdrive shaft 92, meshed gears 94, 96 will causeshaft 77 to responsively rotate. Preferably, gears 94 and 96 are in a 1:1 ratio, but other gear sizes (and hence ratios) may be provided if desired. - The
probe drive unit 20 is mounted for reciprocal rectilinear movements to thelinear translation module 48 as is shown in accompanying FIGS. 4A through 6B. In this regard, the linear translation module includes abase plate 100 which supports thehousing 48 a and its internal structures (to be described below with reference to FIG. 7). Theprobe drive module 20 itself includes a longitudinally spaced-apart pair ofsupport flanges parallel guide rails - The proximal end of
guide rail 106 is pivotally connected to thehousing 48 a while its distal terminal end is pivotally connected to an upright support block 106 a. A forward and rearward pair oftransverse support arms guide rail 106 and an opposite end rigidly coupled to theguide rail 108. Thus, thesupport arms pivotal guide rail 106 so as to, in turn, pivotally move theprobe drive module 20 between its automatically-operable condition and its manually-operable condition, respectively, due to its attachment to theguide rails support flanges - The ends of each
transverse support arm guide rail 108 is fixed are removably captured by upright restraining posts 114, 116, respectively. As is perhaps more clearly shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the restrainingposts 114, 116 (only restrainingpost 114 being visible in FIGS. 6A and 6B) are rigidly supported by thebase plate 100 and include an inwardly projectinglip 114 a, 116 a which provide an interference fit with the terminal ends ofsupport arms posts - The
positioning arm 24 of theprobe drive unit 20 is fixedly tied to the forwardtransverse support arm 110 by anupright connector 120 a on alongitudinal connector 120 b. In this regard, the upper end ofupright connector 120 a extends through a longitudinal slot on the side of thehousing 22 oppositeslot 58 and positionally captures the ends of thepositioning arm 24 aroundpin 54. The lower end of theupright connector 120 a is connected to the distal end of the horizontally disposedlongitudinal connector 120 b. The proximal end oflongitudinal connector 120 b is, in turn, rigidly fixed to thetransverse support arm 110 by any suitable means (e.g., screws). It will be understood, therefore, that the position of the positioning arm 24 (and hence the guide sheath 14) remains fixed relative to thebase 100 of thelinear translation module 48 during longitudinal movements of theprobe drive module 20 along theguide rails probe element 16 will correspondingly shift the same distance as theprobe drive module 20 relative to the patient internal distal end of theguide sheath 14. - Automated longitudinal shifting of the probe drive module20 (and hence the ultrasonic transducer at the distal end of the robe element 16) is permitted by the coaction between a longitudinally extending
drive screw 120 and a threaded collar portion 122 (see FIGS. 4B and 7) associated with thesupport flange 102 of theprobe drive module 20. The distal and proximal ends of thedrive screw 120 are rotatably supported by an uprightdistal bearing block 124 and an upright proximal bearing block 126 (see FIG. 7), respectively. - As can be seen in FIGS. 4B, 5B,6B and 7, the threaded
collar portion 122 is disengaged from the threads ofdrive screw 120 when theprobe drive module 20 is in its manually-operable condition. As a result, the attending physician may simply manually shift theprobe drive module 20 longitudinally along theguide rails probe drive module 20 is pivoted into its automatically-operable condition as shown in FIGS. 4A, 5A and 6A, the threads associated with the threadedcollar portion 122 will be mateably engaged with the threads of thedrive screw 120. As a result, rotation of thedrive screw 120 about its longitudinal axis will translate into longitudinal displacement of theprobe drive module 20. The threads of thedrive screw 120 and the threadedcollar portion 122 as well as the rotation direction of thedrive screw 120 are most preferably selected so as to effect longitudinal shifting of the probe drive module from the distal end of the drive screw towards the proximal end thereof—i.e., a distal to proximal displacement. However, these parameters could be changed so as to effect a reverse (proximal to distal) displacement of the probe drive unit, if necessary or desired. - The
drive screw 120 is coupled operatively to theflexible drive shaft 50 a (and hence to the driven output of motor 50) by the structures contained withinhousing 48 a. In this regard, the proximal end of the drive screw is coupled to the output shaft of a speed reducer 128 via ashaft coupling 130. The input to the speed reducer 128 is, in turn, coupled to theflexible drive shaft 50 a from a rigid shaft extension member 132 and its associatedshaft couplings 132 a and 132 b. The speed reducer 128 is of a conventional variety which provides a predetermined reduced rotational speed output based on the rotational speed input. Preferably, themotor 50, speed reducer 128 and drivescrew 120 are designed so as to effect longitudinal translation of theprobe drive unit 20 at a rate of between about 0.25 to 1.0 mm/sec. Of course, other longitudinal translation rates may be provided by varying the parameters of themotor 50, speed reducer 128 and/or drivescrew 120. - In use, the attending physician will preposition the
guide sheath 14 andimaging probe element 16 associated with the ultrasoundimaging probe assembly 12 within the vessel of the patient to be examined using standard fluoroscopic techniques and/or the techniques disclosed in the above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 5,115,814. Once theguide sheath 14/imaging probe element 16 have been prepositioned in a region of the patient's vessel which the physician desires to observe, the proximal end of theprobe assembly 12 will be coupled to theprobe drive module 20 in the manner described above. Thereafter, the physician may conduct an ultrasound scan of the patient's vessel by operatinq switch. 30 to cause high-speed rotation of the transducer subassembly 1 b within theguide sheath 14. Data samples associated with different transverse sections of patient's vessel may then be obtained by the physician manually shifting theprobe drive module 20 along theguide rails - Alternatively, the physician may elect to pivot the
probe drive module 20 into its automatically-operable condition and then select automated operation of the same via thecontrol console 46 and foot-switch 27. In such a situation, the probe drive module (and hence the transducer subassembly at the distal end of the probe element 16) will be shifted longitudinally at a constant rate simultaneously with high-speed rotation of the transducer subassembly. In this manner, data samples representing longitudinally spaced-apart 360″ “slices” of the patient's interior vessel walls will be accumulated which can then be reconstructed using known algorithms and displayed in “two-dimensional” or “three-dimensional” formats on themonitor 42. - Accompanying FIGS.8A-8C schematically depict the longitudinal translator according to this invention being operated in an automated manner. In this connection, and as was noted briefly above, the
probe drive module 20 is most preferably translated in a distal to proximal direction by means of the linear translation module 48 (i.e., in the direction ofarrows 140 in FIGS. 8A and 8B). In FIG. 8A, the probe drive module is shown in a position at the beginning of an automated ultrasonic imaging scan, it being noted that thepointer 24 c.associated with thepositioning arm 24 registers with the zero marking on thescale 60. The physician will then initiate automated ultrasonic scanning via the foot-switch 27 which causes theprobe drive unit 20 to be displaced proximally (arrow 140) at a constant rate as shown in FIG. 8B. This proximal displacement of theprobe drive module 20 will, in turn, cause the transducer subassembly on the distal end of theprobe element 16 to be longitudinally displaced proximally (i.e., pulled back away from) the distal-most end of theguide sheath 14. - The ultrasonic imaging scan is automatically terminated (e.g., by use of suitable limit switches and/or position transducers) when the probe drive unit reaches its most proximal position as shown in FIG. 8C. In this connection, the present invention most preferably is provided with a limit switch (not shown) enclosed within a limit switch housing29 (see FIGS. 4a and 5A) which is mechanically actuated when
support flange 102 contacts support arm 112 (i.e., when theprobe drive module 20 is in its most proximal position). The limit switch inhousing 29 communicates electrically with thecontrol console 46 viacabling 41. - Virtually any suitable equivalent position-sensing devices could be employed in place of the limit switch. For example, the
housing 29 could be sized and configured to accommodate an absolute position transducer so as to communicate absolute position to thecontrol console 46. The information provided by such an absolute position transducer could be employed in conjunction with modified reconstruction algorithms for image reconstruction, even during manual operation of theprobe drive module 20. - Upon the
probe drive module 20 reaching its most proximal position, thepointer 24 c associated with thepositioning arm 24 registers with-the marking “10” on thescale 60 ofhousing 22. Of course, the ultrasonic imaging scan need-not necessarily be conducted over the entire range of 0-10 marked on thescale 60 and thus could be terminated at any time by the physician simply releasing the foot-switch 27 or by simply pivoting theprobe drive module 20 into its manually-operable condition. - Those skilled in this art will recognize that a number of equivalent mechanical and/or electrical means could be employed. For example, locking slides, latches and quarter-turn screws could be used to allow engagement and disengagement of the probe drive module with the linear translation module. A flexible drive shaft connects the linear translation module to a rate-controlled motor which controls the automatic linear translation rate. The motor is most preferably located in a separate fixed base unit, but could be provided as in an integral part of the linear translation module, if desired.
- Furthermore, various translation rates associated with the motor may be selected for various purposes. For example, slow rates give ample time for the physician to examine the real-time images in cases where time is not a limiting factor. The rate upper limit is governed by the probe rotation rate and the effective thickness of the imaging data slices generated by the probe, such that there is no (or an acceptable) gap between successive imaging data slices. This would prevent missing discernible features during vascular imaging with automatic Translation. The effective thickness is governed by the ultrasonic beam characteristics of the probe. For some applications, the translation may be discontinuous (i.e., gated to an electrocardiogram) for use with modified algorithms or programmed to translate a fixed distance discontinuously.
- Thus, while the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (31)
Priority Applications (3)
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US10/639,299 US6996432B2 (en) | 1992-06-30 | 2003-08-11 | Automated longitudinal position translator for ultrasonic imaging probes, and methods of using same |
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US08/285,969 US5485846A (en) | 1992-06-30 | 1994-08-04 | Automated longitudinal position translator for ultrasonic imaging probes, and methods of using same |
US08/573,507 US5592942A (en) | 1992-06-30 | 1995-12-12 | Automated longitudinal position translator for ultrasonic imaging probes, and methods of using same |
US08/747,773 US5759153A (en) | 1992-06-30 | 1996-11-13 | Automated longitudinal position translator for ultrasonic imaging probes, and methods of using same |
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US09/794,543 US6409672B2 (en) | 1992-06-30 | 2001-02-26 | Automated longitudinal position translator for ultrasonic imaging probes, and methods of using same |
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US08/573,507 Expired - Lifetime US5592942A (en) | 1992-06-30 | 1995-12-12 | Automated longitudinal position translator for ultrasonic imaging probes, and methods of using same |
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EP0648091A4 (en) | 1995-08-23 |
DE69326952D1 (en) | 1999-12-09 |
DK0648091T3 (en) | 2000-05-08 |
EP0648091B1 (en) | 1999-11-03 |
US6193736B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 |
ATE186189T1 (en) | 1999-11-15 |
JP2006239448A (en) | 2006-09-14 |
PT648091E (en) | 2000-04-28 |
JP2003199745A (en) | 2003-07-15 |
US5592942A (en) | 1997-01-14 |
US5485846A (en) | 1996-01-23 |
JP4122360B2 (en) | 2008-07-23 |
DE69326952T2 (en) | 2000-06-29 |
WO1994000052A1 (en) | 1994-01-06 |
US20020143255A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 |
US6623433B2 (en) | 2003-09-23 |
JP3498958B2 (en) | 2004-02-23 |
US6013030A (en) | 2000-01-11 |
US6409672B2 (en) | 2002-06-25 |
CA2139422A1 (en) | 1994-01-06 |
ES2142348T3 (en) | 2000-04-16 |
EP0648091A1 (en) | 1995-04-19 |
US5361768A (en) | 1994-11-08 |
US5759153A (en) | 1998-06-02 |
JPH07508204A (en) | 1995-09-14 |
CA2139422C (en) | 2004-07-20 |
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