US20010023527A1 - Method and apparatus for processing components in which a molten phase is produced by local energy input - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for processing components in which a molten phase is produced by local energy input Download PDFInfo
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- US20010023527A1 US20010023527A1 US09/802,455 US80245501A US2001023527A1 US 20010023527 A1 US20010023527 A1 US 20010023527A1 US 80245501 A US80245501 A US 80245501A US 2001023527 A1 US2001023527 A1 US 2001023527A1
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- molten phase
- components
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- component
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/002—Devices involving relative movement between electronbeam and workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0026—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/26—Seam welding of rectilinear seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
- Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
- Y10T29/49991—Combined with rolling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
- Y10T29/49993—Filling of opening
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and to correspondingly designed apparatus for processing components in which a molten phase is produced by local energy input.
- the invention can be used in conjunction with known thermal soldering, welding and cutting methods.
- a molten phase is produced locally in a controlled way by energy input.
- Intense substance movements which are caused, inter alia, by the so-called Marangoni effect, take place inside the melt that is formed.
- the intensity depends on the respective materials, the energy density and the resulting temperature gradients.
- This effect is due to the surface tension of the materials which is influenced as a function of temperature.
- This effect is, in particular, caused and influenced by large temperature gradients as a result of very high energy intensities, as are encountered especially in the case of laser beams, electron beams or plasma beams.
- thermal cutting methods such as e.g. laser-beam cutting
- an intense gas jet expels the locally produced melt from the section join that is formed.
- grooves are formed at the cut edges and, in many applications, necessitate mechanical finishing of the cut edges.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method and correspondingly designed apparatus which can improve the quality of the weld beads and cut edges that are formed, and which can increase the processing rate.
- this object is achieved by imparting oscillations having a frequency above 15 kHz to at least one of the components or work pieces that is being welded, soldered or cut, or to the region of the molten phase existing during the welding, soldering or cutting, or to a filler material that is being added to the region of the molten phase.
- the molten phase can be produced by a local energy input using at least one of the group consisting of an electric arc, a jet of combustible gas, an electron plasma, and a laser beam.
- the oscillations are imparted to the work piece or to one or more components to be bonded together or a filler material, such as e.g. a filler wire, a solder or a powder.
- the oscillations have a frequency above 15 kHz and are preferably oscillations in the ultrasonic range. The effect thereby achieved is that these oscillations also act in the molten phase and can reduce its surface tension.
- the invention can be used in a wide variety of thermal soldering, cutting, welding, coating and re-melting methods, and it can have advantageous effects especially in methods where high energy densities can be achieved.
- the methods can also be implemented simultaneously in combination with one another, wherein at least two different energy sources being used.
- the oscillations can be stimulated in a work piece component, or in the molten phase, and can be produced in various ways that will be discussed more fully below.
- the melt ejection is significantly facilitated and it is consequently possible to work with a lower gas pressure while still achieving the same or even a higher processing rate. Furthermore, the groove formation which has already been mentioned in the description of the prior art is significantly reduced, so that mechanical finishing of the cut edges becomes unnecessary in many cases. Furthermore, using the invention, the so-called whisker adhesion on the components is eliminated or at least largely avoided.
- the oscillations stimulated in the component can be produced using at least one oscillator or transducer, which, for example, employs the piezoelectric effect.
- a transducer can be installed immediately on the surface of the component, and the oscillations excited in it can thus be injected into the component. It may be preferable for a liquid film to be formed between the component surface and the transducer to improve the coupling.
- Such a transducer can also be arranged on a clamping device for clamping components of the work piece that are to be correspondingly processed, or can be integrated in such a clamping device, so that various component formats can also be readily influenced according to the invention. It is, of course, also possible to use more than one such transducer, in which case it will generally be expedient to operate them in such a way that the oscillations applied from the various transducers do not lead to any substantial amplitude reduction. In that case, the different distances of the respective transducers from the molten phase, which is currently being formed, and the respective speed of sound in the component, should be taken into account.
- the injection of the oscillations does not take place via the component substance and their propagation through the component, it may be expedient for the injection of the oscillations to take place in the immediate vicinity of the molten phase. In this way, attenuation effects can be substantially minimized.
- a coupling element which can for example be a moving roller or a wheel to which oscillations are correspondingly applied.
- a roller or wheel can be moved along the component surface, even underneath it, so that it is possible to maintain a relatively small and constant distance from the molten phase that is formed, even when there is corresponding relative movement between the component and the current location of the energy input.
- a roller can be rigidly connected to a processing head, e.g. a laser-processing head, which is moved over the component.
- a component to be correspondingly processed is at least partially immersed in a liquid.
- the component can then be half-surrounded or fully surrounded by a liquid, as is the case, e.g., when cutting under water.
- oscillations Another possible way of injecting oscillations is for oscillations to be imparted to a filler material that is added, which can be a filler wire or an electrode as are already employed in welding methods.
- the injection of sound can also be used to influence the dripping of the filler wire, e.g., during electric arc welding wherein it is possible in particular to form smaller drops.
- injection of the oscillations can also be carried out by using powder or flux that is added or by using a solder.
- Another possible way of generating forced oscillation in the component and/or in the molten phase is to direct an oscillating jet of liquid at the component surface, in which case a corresponding frequency should be selected.
- a corresponding oscillation can be superimposed on the stream of shielding or cutting gas which is directed at the component surface, particularly in the region of the molten phase, so that the desired effect can likewise be achieved in this way.
- the generation of oscillations in the favorable frequency range can also be achieved by correspondingly controlling the power of a laser beam.
- the power is periodically increased in pulses and then oscillations develop in the resonator of the laser-light source, so that short intense laser-beam pulses are directed at the component that is to be processed that cause short-term evaporation of the material surface, and consequently an elevated pressure on the molten phase.
- the correspondingly created heat sources can also cause a comparable effect.
- a laser-light source in the form of a CO 2 laser is employed, an oscillating resonator mirror, which oscillates in the desired frequency range, can utilized with this laser-light source.
- Another possible way of generating the desired oscillations, at least in the region of the molten phase, can also be achieved by transmitting oscillations through the surrounding air.
- an transducer in the form of an ultrasonic transmitter can be excited at a selected distance from the component surface.
- Such an ultrasonic transmitter should preferably be able to direct a relatively narrow sound cone at the molten phase.
- FIG. 1 a shows a schematic representation in which two components are bonded together by means of welded connection.
- FIG. 1 b shows a schematic representation in which one component is to be cut into two parts.
- FIG. 2 shows a side view in section, in which one component is to be cut by means of a laser beam.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a device in a sectional side view.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a device according to the invention in two representations, in which a filler material is added during laser welding.
- FIG. 5 shows another example of a device according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 a shows a first example of the invention in which two work piece components 9 are held together by means of a clamping device 7 .
- a welding and, accordingly, permanent bonding-together of the two components 9 is achieved, for example, using a beam 1 which has a relatively high energy density at the join 6 between the two components 9 .
- FIG. 1 a illustrates the way in which, by relative movement of the energy beam 1 and components 9 , a molten phase 16 is obtained that is locally controlled by a gas jet 2 , and whose local position relative to the beam 1 is maintained by relative movement between the components 9 and the energy beam 1 , as shown by the arrow 4 , so that a weld bead 5 is formed along the join between the components 9 when the molten phase of 16 cools.
- one of the clamping devices 7 carries an transducer 8 with which oscillations are induced in at least one of the two components 9 and propagate inside this component 9 as far as the molten phase 16 .
- the surface tension of the molten phase 16 is correspondingly reduced with respect to the solid substance of the components 9 and the advantages mentioned in the general part of the description can consequently be achieved.
- FIG. 1 b The essential aspects of the example shown in FIG. 1 b correspond to those of the example according to FIG. 1 a . Only a single component 9 is held fixed in the clamping devices 7 , and in this case it is cut into two parts by means of the energy beam 1 . Instead of the weld bead 5 , a section line 6 is formed which exhibits substantially less groove formation and at least reduced whisker adhesion compared with conventional processing.
- an transducer 8 is installed immediately on the surface of the component 9 , and the injection of the oscillations hence takes place in a very direct way.
- the molten phase 16 on the component 9 is in this case produced using a laser beam 1 and, as indicated here by the shading in the right-hand part of the component 9 , a section line 6 is formed in the component 9 .
- the position of the beam spot relative to the component 9 is variable, as indicated by the arrow 4 .
- FIG. 3 illustrates two possible ways to carry out the method of according to the invention whereby oscillations can be applied to or injected into the component 9 .
- an transducer 8 is connected to a roller 10 which can be moved over the surface of the component 9 , so that the distance between the molten phase 16 and the oscillation injection can be kept constant even in the event of a corresponding relative movement in direction 4 .
- the second possible way, in this example, in which oscillations can be injected is for an transducer 8 to be connected to a cutting or welding gland 3 through which either a cutting or shielding gas 2 can be directed at the component surface, especially in the region of the molten phase 16 or, in the case of cutting, in the section-join region 6 .
- the oscillations of the transducer 8 are then transmitted to the gas stream and the desired effect can be correspondingly achieved.
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a method and to correspondingly designed apparatus for processing components in which a molten phase is produced by local energy input. In this regard, the invention can be used in conjunction with known thermal soldering, welding and cutting methods.
- During known welding and cutting methods, a molten phase is produced locally in a controlled way by energy input. Intense substance movements, which are caused, inter alia, by the so-called Marangoni effect, take place inside the melt that is formed. The intensity depends on the respective materials, the energy density and the resulting temperature gradients. This effect is due to the surface tension of the materials which is influenced as a function of temperature. This effect is, in particular, caused and influenced by large temperature gradients as a result of very high energy intensities, as are encountered especially in the case of laser beams, electron beams or plasma beams.
- Owing to high shear stresses at the surface of the molten phase, speeds of the substance movement of the order of about1 m/s occur. Since it has, to date, been very difficult to influence these processes, it was necessary to accept surface irregularities such as burnt-in notches, which occur at the section edges when the melt re-solidifies during welding or re-melting, and also pore formation during welding.
- In the case of thermal cutting methods, such as e.g. laser-beam cutting, an intense gas jet expels the locally produced melt from the section join that is formed. When this happens, grooves are formed at the cut edges and, in many applications, necessitate mechanical finishing of the cut edges.
- In the case of thermal cutting, it is further necessary to provide for the fact that the capillary forces and the surface tensions are correspondingly increased in a narrow section join, and correspondingly higher resistances oppose the ejection of the melt from the section-join region. Consequently, the cutting process is substantially influenced by the nozzle configuration and the gas stream used, i.e. the gas speed or the respective flow rate. This predominately affects the processing rate that can be achieved, and imposes corresponding limits for the high-speed cutting, especially when cutting thick sheet metal.
- The object of the invention is to provide a method and correspondingly designed apparatus which can improve the quality of the weld beads and cut edges that are formed, and which can increase the processing rate.
- According to the present invention, this object is achieved by imparting oscillations having a frequency above 15 kHz to at least one of the components or work pieces that is being welded, soldered or cut, or to the region of the molten phase existing during the welding, soldering or cutting, or to a filler material that is being added to the region of the molten phase. The molten phase can be produced by a local energy input using at least one of the group consisting of an electric arc, a jet of combustible gas, an electron plasma, and a laser beam.
- According to the invention, the oscillations are imparted to the work piece or to one or more components to be bonded together or a filler material, such as e.g. a filler wire, a solder or a powder. The oscillations have a frequency above 15 kHz and are preferably oscillations in the ultrasonic range. The effect thereby achieved is that these oscillations also act in the molten phase and can reduce its surface tension. The invention can be used in a wide variety of thermal soldering, cutting, welding, coating and re-melting methods, and it can have advantageous effects especially in methods where high energy densities can be achieved. The methods can also be implemented simultaneously in combination with one another, wherein at least two different energy sources being used.
- The oscillations can be stimulated in a work piece component, or in the molten phase, and can be produced in various ways that will be discussed more fully below.
- Using the invention, for example in the case of thermal cutting methods, such as e.g. laser-beam cutting, the melt ejection is significantly facilitated and it is consequently possible to work with a lower gas pressure while still achieving the same or even a higher processing rate. Furthermore, the groove formation which has already been mentioned in the description of the prior art is significantly reduced, so that mechanical finishing of the cut edges becomes unnecessary in many cases. Furthermore, using the invention, the so-called whisker adhesion on the components is eliminated or at least largely avoided.
- In thermal welding methods, a more uniform and pore-free weld bead is formed, and the interfaces between the weld bead and the component substrate can likewise be formed more homogeneously and consequently with better mechanical properties as well, especially in terms of strength. The surface of the weld bead or weld track is also formed more smoothly.
- The oscillations stimulated in the component can be produced using at least one oscillator or transducer, which, for example, employs the piezoelectric effect. Such a transducer can be installed immediately on the surface of the component, and the oscillations excited in it can thus be injected into the component. It may be preferable for a liquid film to be formed between the component surface and the transducer to improve the coupling.
- Such a transducer can also be arranged on a clamping device for clamping components of the work piece that are to be correspondingly processed, or can be integrated in such a clamping device, so that various component formats can also be readily influenced according to the invention. It is, of course, also possible to use more than one such transducer, in which case it will generally be expedient to operate them in such a way that the oscillations applied from the various transducers do not lead to any substantial amplitude reduction. In that case, the different distances of the respective transducers from the molten phase, which is currently being formed, and the respective speed of sound in the component, should be taken into account.
- If the injection of the oscillations does not take place via the component substance and their propagation through the component, it may be expedient for the injection of the oscillations to take place in the immediate vicinity of the molten phase. In this way, attenuation effects can be substantially minimized.
- For instance, it may be expedient to inject oscillations not directly using an transducer, but via a coupling element, which can for example be a moving roller or a wheel to which oscillations are correspondingly applied. Such a roller or wheel can be moved along the component surface, even underneath it, so that it is possible to maintain a relatively small and constant distance from the molten phase that is formed, even when there is corresponding relative movement between the component and the current location of the energy input. For example, such a roller can be rigidly connected to a processing head, e.g. a laser-processing head, which is moved over the component.
- It may furthermore be favorable if a component to be correspondingly processed is at least partially immersed in a liquid. The component can then be half-surrounded or fully surrounded by a liquid, as is the case, e.g., when cutting under water.
- Another possible way of injecting oscillations is for oscillations to be imparted to a filler material that is added, which can be a filler wire or an electrode as are already employed in welding methods. The injection of sound can also be used to influence the dripping of the filler wire, e.g., during electric arc welding wherein it is possible in particular to form smaller drops. However, injection of the oscillations can also be carried out by using powder or flux that is added or by using a solder.
- Another possible way of generating forced oscillation in the component and/or in the molten phase is to direct an oscillating jet of liquid at the component surface, in which case a corresponding frequency should be selected. By way of example, a corresponding oscillation can be superimposed on the stream of shielding or cutting gas which is directed at the component surface, particularly in the region of the molten phase, so that the desired effect can likewise be achieved in this way.
- The generation of oscillations in the favorable frequency range can also be achieved by correspondingly controlling the power of a laser beam. In this case, the power is periodically increased in pulses and then oscillations develop in the resonator of the laser-light source, so that short intense laser-beam pulses are directed at the component that is to be processed that cause short-term evaporation of the material surface, and consequently an elevated pressure on the molten phase. In the event that no evaporation takes place, the correspondingly created heat sources can also cause a comparable effect. If a laser-light source in the form of a CO2 laser is employed, an oscillating resonator mirror, which oscillates in the desired frequency range, can utilized with this laser-light source.
- Another possible way of generating the desired oscillations, at least in the region of the molten phase, can also be achieved by transmitting oscillations through the surrounding air. For example, an transducer in the form of an ultrasonic transmitter can be excited at a selected distance from the component surface. Such an ultrasonic transmitter should preferably be able to direct a relatively narrow sound cone at the molten phase.
- The energy required for exciting the oscillation can, for example, be reduced by selecting a frequency at which resonance takes place in the molten phase. Since, in this case, substance-specific conditions not only have an influence but also may change during the processing, it is preferable to work with oscillations within a predetermined frequency interval, which is successively swept through, so that the excitation is carried out at various frequencies within this interval.
- Another similar possible way is to use oscillations having component-specific wavelengths, at which constructive interference takes place in the respective component so that amplitude maxima occur. Additional variations will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description of the invention in relation to the illustrated examples that follow.
- FIG. 1a shows a schematic representation in which two components are bonded together by means of welded connection.
- FIG. 1b shows a schematic representation in which one component is to be cut into two parts.
- FIG. 2 shows a side view in section, in which one component is to be cut by means of a laser beam.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a device in a sectional side view.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a device according to the invention in two representations, in which a filler material is added during laser welding.
- FIG. 5 shows another example of a device according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a device according to the invention, in which an oscillating liquid is directed at the surface of a component via a cutting or welding nozzle.
- FIG. 1a shows a first example of the invention in which two
work piece components 9 are held together by means of aclamping device 7. A welding and, accordingly, permanent bonding-together of the twocomponents 9, is achieved, for example, using abeam 1 which has a relatively high energy density at thejoin 6 between the twocomponents 9. The plan view, which is shown in FIG. 1a, illustrates the way in which, by relative movement of theenergy beam 1 andcomponents 9, amolten phase 16 is obtained that is locally controlled by agas jet 2, and whose local position relative to thebeam 1 is maintained by relative movement between thecomponents 9 and theenergy beam 1, as shown by thearrow 4, so that aweld bead 5 is formed along the join between thecomponents 9 when the molten phase of 16 cools. - In the example shown in FIG. 1a, one of the
clamping devices 7, of which there are four shown, carries antransducer 8 with which oscillations are induced in at least one of the twocomponents 9 and propagate inside thiscomponent 9 as far as themolten phase 16. The surface tension of themolten phase 16 is correspondingly reduced with respect to the solid substance of thecomponents 9 and the advantages mentioned in the general part of the description can consequently be achieved. - The essential aspects of the example shown in FIG. 1b correspond to those of the example according to FIG. 1a. Only a
single component 9 is held fixed in theclamping devices 7, and in this case it is cut into two parts by means of theenergy beam 1. Instead of theweld bead 5, asection line 6 is formed which exhibits substantially less groove formation and at least reduced whisker adhesion compared with conventional processing. - In the example shown in FIG. 2, an
transducer 8 is installed immediately on the surface of thecomponent 9, and the injection of the oscillations hence takes place in a very direct way. Themolten phase 16 on thecomponent 9 is in this case produced using alaser beam 1 and, as indicated here by the shading in the right-hand part of thecomponent 9, asection line 6 is formed in thecomponent 9. The position of the beam spot relative to thecomponent 9 is variable, as indicated by thearrow 4. - The example shown in FIG. 3 illustrates two possible ways to carry out the method of according to the invention whereby oscillations can be applied to or injected into the
component 9. On the one hand, antransducer 8 is connected to aroller 10 which can be moved over the surface of thecomponent 9, so that the distance between themolten phase 16 and the oscillation injection can be kept constant even in the event of a corresponding relative movement indirection 4. - The second possible way, in this example, in which oscillations can be injected is for an
transducer 8 to be connected to a cutting orwelding gland 3 through which either a cutting or shieldinggas 2 can be directed at the component surface, especially in the region of themolten phase 16 or, in the case of cutting, in the section-join region 6. The oscillations of thetransducer 8 are then transmitted to the gas stream and the desired effect can be correspondingly achieved. - It is feasible to use just one of the two possibilities for oscillatory influence, or to use both in combination or to use any combination of such possibilities as have already been described, or those which have yet to be described.
- In the example shown in FIG. 4 as well, two other different possible ways of achieving the effect according to the invention are represented. In this case, a filler material (here a filler wire12) is delivered by a filler feeder into the region of the
molten phase 16 which is formed around acapillary 18. Atransducer 8, whose oscillations are injected into thefiller wire 12, is in turn provided on the filler feeder, so that on the one hand the oscillations influence themolten phase 16. Advantageously, on the other hand, the dripping behavior of the melting filler wire, e.g., in the case of MAG or MIG welding, is favorably influenced. The second representation in FIG. 4 reveals the way in which the dripping behavior of thefiller wire 12 can be improved with smaller drops during arc welding. - The
double arrow 11 in FIG. 4 indicates the way in which the power of an energy beam, e.g., a laser beam, can be influenced in a pulse form. Besides the aforementioned generation of natural oscillations in the resonator, this can also be accomplished, for example, through alternating power densities which are achieved by changes in the focusing, i.e. correspondingly influencing an optical focusing system or a beam-shaping unit. - In the example shown in FIG. 5, a
laser beam 1, e.g., of a solid-state laser, is directed, through a cutting orwelding nozzle 3 in which anoptical lens 13 for beam shaping is arranged to focus thebeam 1 onto the surface of acomponent 9 on which aliquid film 14 has been formed. As in the case of the example according to FIG. 2, atransducer 8 is installed on the surface of thecomponent 9, although the injection of the oscillations into thecomponent 9 can be favorably influenced via theliquid film 14. Injection of oscillations using atransducer 8 and aroller 10, as in the example according to FIG. 3, can additionally take place. - FIG. 6 represents the way in which an
oscillating liquid 15 can be directed through a cutting orwelding nozzle 3, through which alaser beam 13 from a solid-state laser is in turn directed onto thecomponent 9. In the representation shown in FIG. 6, the oscillating liquid is indicated by thedouble arrows 15 which are marked the inner wall of cutting orwelding nozzle 3. As can likewise be seen from FIG. 6, the melt can be ejected from the section-join region, and the opportunity exists to use a cutting gas stream, either conventionally or likewise with oscillations applied to it, in addition to the liquid 15. The oscillations of the gas or liquid 15 can also be achieved by moving the cutting orwelding nozzle 3 to and fro in translation, as indicated by thedouble arrow 17, orthogonally at a corresponding frequency relative to the component surface.
Claims (24)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10012792 | 2000-03-13 | ||
DE10012792.4 | 2000-03-13 | ||
DE10012792A DE10012792B4 (en) | 2000-03-13 | 2000-03-13 | Method for cutting components, in which a molten phase is generated by a local energy input |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20010023527A1 true US20010023527A1 (en) | 2001-09-27 |
US6423921B2 US6423921B2 (en) | 2002-07-23 |
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US09/802,455 Expired - Lifetime US6423921B2 (en) | 2000-03-13 | 2001-03-09 | Method and apparatus for processing components in which a molten phase is produced by local energy input |
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US20050262684A1 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-12-01 | Tsunehiko Yamazaki | Burr removal apparatus for laser beam machine |
US20080000888A1 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2008-01-03 | Wolfgang Schulz | Method for Cutting Materials Using a Laser Beam |
US20120234802A1 (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2012-09-20 | Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh + Co. Kg | Machining Work Pieces with a Laser Apparatus and an Electric Arc Apparatus |
US20140144893A1 (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2014-05-29 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Welding a joint |
US20140255620A1 (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2014-09-11 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Sonic grain refinement of laser deposits |
US20150202718A1 (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Suppressing laser-induced plume for laser edge welding of zinc coated steels |
US20210031297A1 (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-04 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | System and method for multi-task laser welding |
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Cited By (12)
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US20050262684A1 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-12-01 | Tsunehiko Yamazaki | Burr removal apparatus for laser beam machine |
US7159294B2 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2007-01-09 | Yamazaki Mazak Corporation | Burr removal apparatus for laser beam machine |
US20080000888A1 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2008-01-03 | Wolfgang Schulz | Method for Cutting Materials Using a Laser Beam |
US8791386B2 (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2014-07-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur-Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Method for cutting materials using a laser beam |
US20120234802A1 (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2012-09-20 | Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh + Co. Kg | Machining Work Pieces with a Laser Apparatus and an Electric Arc Apparatus |
US20140144893A1 (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2014-05-29 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Welding a joint |
US9586282B2 (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2017-03-07 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Welding a joint |
US20140255620A1 (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2014-09-11 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Sonic grain refinement of laser deposits |
WO2014137458A1 (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2014-09-12 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Sonic grain refinement of laser deposits |
US20150202718A1 (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Suppressing laser-induced plume for laser edge welding of zinc coated steels |
US10994374B2 (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2021-05-04 | Amada Holdings Co., Ltd. | Laser processing machine and laser processing method |
US20210031297A1 (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-04 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | System and method for multi-task laser welding |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10012792B4 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
US6423921B2 (en) | 2002-07-23 |
DE10012792A1 (en) | 2001-10-04 |
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