US20020024209A1 - Collapsible steering column and method - Google Patents
Collapsible steering column and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020024209A1 US20020024209A1 US09/781,540 US78154001A US2002024209A1 US 20020024209 A1 US20020024209 A1 US 20020024209A1 US 78154001 A US78154001 A US 78154001A US 2002024209 A1 US2002024209 A1 US 2002024209A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- steering
- steering column
- jacket
- steering shaft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
- B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
- B62D1/16—Steering columns
- B62D1/18—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable
- B62D1/19—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable incorporating energy-absorbing arrangements, e.g. by being yieldable or collapsible
- B62D1/197—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable incorporating energy-absorbing arrangements, e.g. by being yieldable or collapsible incorporating devices for preventing ingress of the steering column into the passengers space in case of accident
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
- B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
- B62D1/16—Steering columns
- B62D1/18—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable
- B62D1/19—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable incorporating energy-absorbing arrangements, e.g. by being yieldable or collapsible
- B62D1/192—Yieldable or collapsible columns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
- B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
- B62D1/16—Steering columns
- B62D1/18—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable
- B62D1/19—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable incorporating energy-absorbing arrangements, e.g. by being yieldable or collapsible
- B62D1/195—Yieldable supports for the steering column
Definitions
- the collapsible steering column has an upper steering shaft, an intermediate steering shaft connected to the upper steering shaft by a universal joint and a jacket housing that moves forward during steering column collapse and envelopes the universal joint.
- Vehicle steering columns that collapse during a collision are employed on many land vehicles manufactured today. These collapsible steering columns have an energy absorption device that limits the rate of collapse and reduces the maximum force applied to a vehicle driver during the collapse.
- the force applied to the vehicle driver is limited by stopping the driver and the steering wheel at a slower rate than the vehicle passenger compartment is stopped.
- the distance the driver can travel relative to the vehicle passenger compartment during a collision is limited by the windshield, the instrument panel and other vehicle components.
- Steering columns that are currently manufactured, have an upper steering column shaft mounted in a steering column jacket assembly that collapses a distance substantially equal to the total steering column collapse distance. This results in a steering column jacket assembly that is relatively long.
- a long steering column jacket assembly reduces the space between the driver and the vehicle firewall that is available for other vehicle components. It is frequently necessary to move some vehicle components forward into the engine compartment to accommodate the length of the steering column jacket assembly.
- Engine compartments of many current vehicles are too crowded with vehicle components making vehicle maintenance difficult and expensive. Engine compartments are hot and dirty. The dirt includes abrasive materials and undesirable gasses. This combination increases maintenance requirements and reduces the life of some vehicle components.
- the collapsible vehicle steering column includes a steering column jacket housing.
- An upper shaft assembly having a variable length is journaled in the steering column jacket housing.
- An intermediate steering shaft with a universal joint connects the intermediate steering shaft to the upper shaft assembly. Both the intermediate steering shaft and the upper shaft assembly control forward movement of the steering column jacket housing during a collision.
- FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the steering column without the intermediate shaft
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the right side and the bottom of the steering column without a steering wheel and covers;
- FIG. 3 is an expanded perspective view of the upper end of the steering column and the upper steering shaft assembly
- FIG. 4 is an expanded perspective view of the lower end of the steering column without the intermediate shaft
- FIG. 5 is an elevational view of the lower end of the steering column looking rearward
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 6 - 6 in FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of the steering column assembly and the intermediate shaft prior to collapse
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line 8 - 8 in FIG. 7;
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view, similar to FIG. 8, at the end of the first collapse stage.
- FIG. 10 is a sectional view, similar to FIGS. 8 and 9 with the steering column fully collapsed.
- the steering column assembly 10 has a jacket assembly 12 , a tilt assembly 14 , a steering wheel 16 and an upper shaft assembly 18 .
- the tilt assembly 14 includes a tilt housing 22 that is pivotally attached to the jacket housing 20 by two tilt pins 24 shown in FIG. 3.
- a steering wheel shaft 26 is journaled in the tilt housing 22 .
- An ignition switch 28 , a turn signal switch 30 controlled by a turn signal lever 32 , an accessory control switch 31 and a windshield wiper controller 34 are attached to the tilt housing 22 .
- the upper shaft assembly 18 includes a solid shaft 42 and a tubular shaft 44 that telescopically receives the solid shaft.
- One end of the solid shaft 42 is pivotally attached to a spherical member 46 by a pin 48 that passes through a bore 49 in the solid shaft.
- the spherical member 46 is received in a cup member 50 of the steering wheel shaft 26 and pivotally retained by two pivot pins 52 .
- the pins 48 and 52 and the spherical member 46 form a universal joint that supports one end of the upper shaft assembly 18 and transmits torque from the steering wheel 16 .
- a plastic material is injected into openings 54 and 56 , and openings 58 and 60 and fills recesses 62 and 64 .
- the plastic material is cured and forms pins 66 and 68 that axially fix the tubular shaft 44 relative to the solid shaft 42 .
- the tubular shaft 44 is supported by a bearing 70 .
- the bearing 70 is held in a bearing bore 72 in an adapter 74 by bearing retainers 76 .
- the adapter 74 is a molded plastic member that is inserted into the lower jacket support bracket 40 .
- Flanges 78 contact a rear surface 80 on the support bracket 40 to limit forward movement of the adapter 74 .
- Three hook members 81 engage the forward side of the support bracket 40 to retain the adapter 74 in the bracket.
- a metal reinforcing plate 82 is connected to a forward side of the lower part of the support bracket 40 by mechanical fasteners 84 to reinforce the adapter 74 in the event of a collision.
- a forward end 85 of the jacket housing 20 is telescopically received in a passage 86 through the adapter 74 .
- Slots 88 in the reinforcing plate 82 permit the passage of the jacket housing 20 .
- An energy absorption strap 90 sits on a top surface 92 of the jacket housing 20 as shown in FIG. 7.
- a center portion 94 of the strap 90 contacts a vertical bar 96 on the support bracket 40 .
- Forward bights 98 of the energy absorption strap 90 contact the forward ends 100 of ribs 102 and 104 extending upward from the top surface 92 of the jacket housing 20 .
- the vertical bar 96 on the support bracket 40 holds the center portion 94 of the strap 90 . This results in the long legs 106 being deformed into bights 98 and then straightened. Bending and straightening of the legs 106 absorbs energy and slows the deceleration of a person behind the steering wheel 16 .
- An intermediate steering shaft 114 has a universal joint 108 with a shank 110 that is received in the tubular shaft 44 of the upper shaft assembly 18 .
- a bolt 112 retains the shank 110 in the tubular shaft 44 .
- the intermediate steering shaft 114 also has a solid shaft portion 116 connected to the universal joint 108 and received in a tube 118 .
- the lower end 120 of the intermediate shaft 114 is connectable to a universal joint and a steering assembly (not shown).
- the tube 118 permits limited axial movement of the shaft portion 116 relative to the tube while transmitting torque from the steering wheel 116 to steered vehicle wheels.
- the solid shaft portion 116 is connected to the universal joint 108 through a cylinder 122 that houses a vibration damper. Vibration dampers dampen vibrations that result from tires rolling on road surfaces and either isulate the steering wheel 16 from these vibrations or substantially reduces such vibrations.
- the positions of the solid shaft 42 and the tubular shaft 44 of the upper shaft assembly 18 could be reversed if desired.
- the construction of the intermediate steering shaft 114 could also be modified substantially.
- the intermediate steering shaft 114 merely has to have a universal joint in its connection to the upper shaft assembly 18 and a variable length.
Abstract
Description
- This application is based upon, and claims the benefit of, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/181,660 filed Feb. 10, 2000, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
- The collapsible steering column has an upper steering shaft, an intermediate steering shaft connected to the upper steering shaft by a universal joint and a jacket housing that moves forward during steering column collapse and envelopes the universal joint.
- Vehicle steering columns that collapse during a collision are employed on many land vehicles manufactured today. These collapsible steering columns have an energy absorption device that limits the rate of collapse and reduces the maximum force applied to a vehicle driver during the collapse.
- The force applied to the vehicle driver is limited by stopping the driver and the steering wheel at a slower rate than the vehicle passenger compartment is stopped. The distance the driver can travel relative to the vehicle passenger compartment during a collision is limited by the windshield, the instrument panel and other vehicle components.
- Steering columns, that are currently manufactured, have an upper steering column shaft mounted in a steering column jacket assembly that collapses a distance substantially equal to the total steering column collapse distance. This results in a steering column jacket assembly that is relatively long. A long steering column jacket assembly reduces the space between the driver and the vehicle firewall that is available for other vehicle components. It is frequently necessary to move some vehicle components forward into the engine compartment to accommodate the length of the steering column jacket assembly. Engine compartments of many current vehicles are too crowded with vehicle components making vehicle maintenance difficult and expensive. Engine compartments are hot and dirty. The dirt includes abrasive materials and undesirable gasses. This combination increases maintenance requirements and reduces the life of some vehicle components.
- The lack of available space in some vehicles may make it necessary to reduce the available travel distance between the steering wheel and the vehicle body to accommodate the steering jacket assembly. Reducing the distance the steering wheel can move relative to the passenger compartment during a collision reduces the protection available.
- Vehicle designers strive to provide the maximum protection for vehicle occupants. They are constrained by manufacturing costs, vehicle operating costs and functional considerations.
- The collapsible vehicle steering column includes a steering column jacket housing. An upper shaft assembly having a variable length is journaled in the steering column jacket housing. An intermediate steering shaft with a universal joint connects the intermediate steering shaft to the upper shaft assembly. Both the intermediate steering shaft and the upper shaft assembly control forward movement of the steering column jacket housing during a collision.
- Presently preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the following description and in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
- FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the steering column without the intermediate shaft;
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the right side and the bottom of the steering column without a steering wheel and covers;
- FIG. 3 is an expanded perspective view of the upper end of the steering column and the upper steering shaft assembly;
- FIG. 4 is an expanded perspective view of the lower end of the steering column without the intermediate shaft;
- FIG. 5 is an elevational view of the lower end of the steering column looking rearward;
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line6-6 in FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of the steering column assembly and the intermediate shaft prior to collapse;
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line8-8 in FIG. 7;
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view, similar to FIG. 8, at the end of the first collapse stage; and
- FIG. 10 is a sectional view, similar to FIGS. 8 and 9 with the steering column fully collapsed.
- The
steering column assembly 10, as shown in FIG. 1, has ajacket assembly 12, atilt assembly 14, asteering wheel 16 and anupper shaft assembly 18. Thetilt assembly 14 includes atilt housing 22 that is pivotally attached to thejacket housing 20 by twotilt pins 24 shown in FIG. 3. Asteering wheel shaft 26 is journaled in thetilt housing 22. Anignition switch 28, aturn signal switch 30 controlled by aturn signal lever 32, anaccessory control switch 31 and awindshield wiper controller 34 are attached to thetilt housing 22. - The
jacket housing 20 is attached to a vehicle body by bolts that pass through two steeringcolumn support capsules 36 and by bolts that pass through twobores 38 through a lowerjacket support bracket 40 and clamp the support capsules and the support bracket to the body frame. Thejacket support bracket 40 is fixed to the body frame. Thecolumn support capsules 36 are also fixed to the body frame. However thesupport capsules 36 separate from the jacket housing 20 in response to a predetermined force urging thesteering wheel 16 forward. - The
upper shaft assembly 18 includes asolid shaft 42 and atubular shaft 44 that telescopically receives the solid shaft. One end of thesolid shaft 42 is pivotally attached to aspherical member 46 by apin 48 that passes through abore 49 in the solid shaft. Thespherical member 46 is received in acup member 50 of thesteering wheel shaft 26 and pivotally retained by twopivot pins 52. Thepins spherical member 46 form a universal joint that supports one end of theupper shaft assembly 18 and transmits torque from thesteering wheel 16. A plastic material is injected intoopenings openings recesses pins tubular shaft 44 relative to thesolid shaft 42. - The
tubular shaft 44 is supported by abearing 70. Thebearing 70 is held in abearing bore 72 in anadapter 74 bybearing retainers 76. Theadapter 74 is a molded plastic member that is inserted into the lowerjacket support bracket 40.Flanges 78 contact arear surface 80 on thesupport bracket 40 to limit forward movement of theadapter 74. Threehook members 81 engage the forward side of thesupport bracket 40 to retain theadapter 74 in the bracket. Ametal reinforcing plate 82 is connected to a forward side of the lower part of thesupport bracket 40 bymechanical fasteners 84 to reinforce theadapter 74 in the event of a collision. Aforward end 85 of thejacket housing 20 is telescopically received in apassage 86 through theadapter 74.Slots 88 in the reinforcingplate 82 permit the passage of thejacket housing 20. - An
energy absorption strap 90 sits on atop surface 92 of thejacket housing 20 as shown in FIG. 7. Acenter portion 94 of thestrap 90 contacts avertical bar 96 on thesupport bracket 40.Forward bights 98 of theenergy absorption strap 90 contact theforward ends 100 ofribs top surface 92 of thejacket housing 20. In the event of a collision the forward ends 100 on thejacket housing 20 move forward. Thevertical bar 96 on thesupport bracket 40 holds thecenter portion 94 of thestrap 90. This results in thelong legs 106 being deformed intobights 98 and then straightened. Bending and straightening of thelegs 106 absorbs energy and slows the deceleration of a person behind thesteering wheel 16. - An
intermediate steering shaft 114 has auniversal joint 108 with ashank 110 that is received in thetubular shaft 44 of theupper shaft assembly 18. Abolt 112 retains theshank 110 in thetubular shaft 44. Theintermediate steering shaft 114 also has asolid shaft portion 116 connected to theuniversal joint 108 and received in atube 118. Thelower end 120 of theintermediate shaft 114 is connectable to a universal joint and a steering assembly (not shown). Thetube 118 permits limited axial movement of theshaft portion 116 relative to the tube while transmitting torque from thesteering wheel 116 to steered vehicle wheels. Thesolid shaft portion 116 is connected to theuniversal joint 108 through acylinder 122 that houses a vibration damper. Vibration dampers dampen vibrations that result from tires rolling on road surfaces and either isulate thesteering wheel 16 from these vibrations or substantially reduces such vibrations. - During a collision involving a vehicle equipped with the
steering column assembly 10 described above, thesteering wheel 16, thejacket housing 20, theupper shaft assembly 18, theuniversal joint 108 and theshaft portion 116 of theintermediate shaft 114 will move forward relative to the lowerjacket support bracket 40 from the position shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. Thebearing 70 will remain stationary with thelower support bracket 40 and theadapter 74. Forward movement of thejacket housing 20 is resisted by theenergy absorption strap 90, friction between parts moving relative to each other and the connections between the steeringcolumn support capsules 36 and the jacket housing. The connections between thecolumn support capsules 36 and thejacket housing 20 will fracture during the initial movement of thejacket housing 20. - Forward movement of the
jacket housing 20, theupper shaft assembly 18 and theuniversal joint 108 of theintermediate shaft 114 continues untiltabs 130 on thetubular shaft 44 of theupper shaft assembly 18 contacts thebearing 70 as shown in FIG. 9. Contact between thetabs 130 and thebearing 70 will stop forward movement of thetubular shaft 44 of theupper shaft assembly 18, and the portions of theintermediate shaft 114 that were moving forward. - Continued force on the
steering wheel 16, if of sufficient magnitude, will sever thepins solid shaft 42 relative to thetubular shaft 44. After thepins solid shaft 42 will move relative to thetubular shaft 44 and the length of theupper steering shaft 18 will decrease. During this stage, forward movement of thesteering wheel 16 will be resisted by theenergy absorption strap 90 and friction between theshaft 42 and thetube 44 as well as friction between thejacket housing 20 and theadapter 74. - Continued forward force on the
steering wheel 116 will move thejacket housing 20 forward. Thejacket housing 20 can move forward until theuniversal joint 108 on an upper end of theintermediate steering shaft 114 is enveloped by thejacket housing 20 as shown in FIG. 10. - The positions of the
solid shaft 42 and thetubular shaft 44 of theupper shaft assembly 18 could be reversed if desired. The construction of theintermediate steering shaft 114 could also be modified substantially. Theintermediate steering shaft 114 merely has to have a universal joint in its connection to theupper shaft assembly 18 and a variable length. - The disclosed embodiments are representative of presently preferred forms of the invention, but are intended to be illustrative rather than definitive thereof. The invention is defined in the claims.
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/781,540 US6435555B1 (en) | 2000-02-10 | 2001-02-08 | Collapsible steering column and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18166000P | 2000-02-10 | 2000-02-10 | |
US09/781,540 US6435555B1 (en) | 2000-02-10 | 2001-02-08 | Collapsible steering column and method |
Publications (2)
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US20020024209A1 true US20020024209A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
US6435555B1 US6435555B1 (en) | 2002-08-20 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/781,540 Expired - Fee Related US6435555B1 (en) | 2000-02-10 | 2001-02-08 | Collapsible steering column and method |
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US (1) | US6435555B1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060157965A1 (en) * | 2005-01-18 | 2006-07-20 | Dubay Robert W | Snap-in capsule for steering columns |
CN103687777A (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2014-03-26 | Trw有限公司 | A collapsible steering column assembly |
US20150251684A1 (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2015-09-10 | Kayaba Industry Co., Ltd | Steering device |
WO2016131214A1 (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2016-08-25 | 上海采埃孚转向系统有限公司 | Device for preventing passive collapse of steering column and method for preventing passive collapse |
Families Citing this family (13)
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US6912356B2 (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 2005-06-28 | Diversified Industries Ltd. | Method and apparatus for fracturing brittle materials by thermal stressing |
US6655715B2 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2003-12-02 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Mounting apparatus for motor vehicle steering column |
US6592148B2 (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2003-07-15 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Steering column lower bracket |
US6948741B2 (en) | 2002-05-09 | 2005-09-27 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Telescoping steering column assembly |
US6814374B2 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-11-09 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Steering column with foamed in-place structure |
US7048306B2 (en) * | 2002-09-05 | 2006-05-23 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Steering column with tubular structure |
US6854765B2 (en) * | 2002-09-23 | 2005-02-15 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Steering shaft assembly |
US20040123695A1 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2004-07-01 | Knott Jeffrey A. | Steering wheel tilt mechanism |
US6925714B2 (en) | 2002-12-19 | 2005-08-09 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Upper steering shaft-assembly |
US6830516B2 (en) * | 2003-04-01 | 2004-12-14 | The Torrington Company | Ball hub apparatus and method for use in a universal joint |
US20050077716A1 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2005-04-14 | Urista Jesus Raul Garcia | Steering column energy absorber |
US7188866B2 (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2007-03-13 | Delphi Technologies, Inc | Steering column assembly and method of fabricating the same |
US7272989B2 (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2007-09-25 | Paccar Inc | Steering shaft bearing assembly |
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DE3616246A1 (en) * | 1986-05-14 | 1987-11-19 | Porsche Ag | STEERING COLUMN MOUNTING FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE |
US5580314A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1996-12-03 | Nsk Ltd. | Energy absorbing intermediate shaft |
JPH0687142U (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1994-12-20 | 日本精工株式会社 | Shock absorption type steering column device with electric power steering device |
JPH08150943A (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1996-06-11 | Fuji Kiko Co Ltd | Tilt steering column |
EP0769445B1 (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 1999-01-20 | General Motors Corporation | Energy absorbing steering column for motor vehicle |
JP3323400B2 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 2002-09-09 | 株式会社山田製作所 | Intermediate shaft device for steering |
US6019391A (en) * | 1998-05-04 | 2000-02-01 | General Motors Corporation | Steering column for motor vehicle |
-
2001
- 2001-02-08 US US09/781,540 patent/US6435555B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060157965A1 (en) * | 2005-01-18 | 2006-07-20 | Dubay Robert W | Snap-in capsule for steering columns |
US7229097B2 (en) * | 2005-01-18 | 2007-06-12 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Snap-in capsule for steering columns |
CN103687777A (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2014-03-26 | Trw有限公司 | A collapsible steering column assembly |
US20150251684A1 (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2015-09-10 | Kayaba Industry Co., Ltd | Steering device |
US9533699B2 (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2017-01-03 | Kyb Corporation | Steering device |
WO2016131214A1 (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2016-08-25 | 上海采埃孚转向系统有限公司 | Device for preventing passive collapse of steering column and method for preventing passive collapse |
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