US20040181302A1 - Method of removing food product defects from a food product slurry - Google Patents
Method of removing food product defects from a food product slurry Download PDFInfo
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- US20040181302A1 US20040181302A1 US10/807,765 US80776504A US2004181302A1 US 20040181302 A1 US20040181302 A1 US 20040181302A1 US 80776504 A US80776504 A US 80776504A US 2004181302 A1 US2004181302 A1 US 2004181302A1
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- Prior art keywords
- citrus pulp
- pulp
- citrus
- defects
- defective
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title 1
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- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000021581 juice product Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015205 orange juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N1/00—Machines or apparatus for extracting juice
- A23N1/003—Machines or apparatus for extracting juice especially for citrus fruits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
- B07C5/3422—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour using video scanning devices, e.g. TV-cameras
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/363—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air
- B07C5/367—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a plurality of separation means
- B07C5/368—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a plurality of separation means actuated independently
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/94—Investigating contamination, e.g. dust
Definitions
- This invention relates to citrus pulp processing, and more particularly, this invention relates to a system and method for removing defects from citrus pulp.
- Citrus pulp is separated from juice typically by processing the citrus pulp in a juice extractor, which strains out most of the seeds and membranes through a strainer tube to produce a fine citrus pulp and juice product.
- This juice product advances and is further processed at a juice finisher for separating citrus pulp from the juice.
- the pulp is somewhat “clean,” after having been broken up into smaller citrus pulp pieces as a result of processing through the strainer tube at the juice extractor.
- citrus pulp can be added back to the juice to form a final product, e.g., a pulpy orange juice, or the citrus pulp can be collected separately, cleaned and pasteurized, and shipped to customers that package their own juice or sell citrus pulp wholesale.
- One prior art solution is a premium pulp system using a juice extractor, followed by processing at a juice finisher, and further processing for cleaning in a fluidized bed cyclone in which pulp and juice are processed together to separate components out by gravity.
- the design of the fluidized bed cyclone allows fluid to enter in tangentially and spin, with 20-30% of pulpy juice ejected from the bottom and 70% ejected from the top as a pulp and juice product.
- small seeds and peel particles are ejected from the bottom portion of the fluidized bed cyclone.
- defects that are processed as part of the juice and citrus pulp are unacceptable to many customers. These defects may include discolored pulp, peel or portions of peel, albedo or portions of albedo, seeds, portions of seeds, black specks, mold, and non-citrus material such as insects, insect larvae or insect parts. Different customers have different specifications concerning these defects, depending on the citrus pulp defect, category of juice, and customer end use. In some cases, defects are unacceptable at any level, such as insect larvae.
- a citrus pulp imager acquires image data of the citrus pulp at an inspection zone that receives citrus pulp advancing along a predetermined path of travel.
- a processor is operatively connected to the citrus pulp imager for receiving the image data and processing the image data to determine defects within the citrus pulp.
- a rejection mechanism rejects any citrus pulp determined to be defective.
- a light source illuminates the citrus pulp at the inspection zone.
- a camera is located at the inspection zone and acquires images of the citrus pulp. This camera can be a line-scan camera, CCD camera, or other imaging camera or similar mechanism that is operative for acquiring images of citrus pulp.
- a light source illuminates the citrus pulp and is operative at a predetermined range of wavelengths for highlighting defects to be illuminated. In one aspect of the invention, the wavelengths are-such as to cause defects to fluoresce.
- the advancing mechanism includes a belt conveyor, nozzle or translucent material through which citrus pulp is advanced and can be imaged.
- the rejection mechanism could include a mechanical diverter that diverts any citrus pulp determined to be defective from the path of travel, or an air nozzle that blows a jet of air onto citrus pulp determined to be defective to eject or divert the defective citrus pulp from the path of travel.
- the processor is operative for determining defects in citrus pulp, including but not limited to, discolored pulp, peel or portions of peel, albedo or portions of albedo, seeds, portions of seeds, black specks, mold, or non-citrus material such as insects, insect larvae or insect parts.
- FIG. 1 is a high level flow chart showing the basic sequence of operation for the system and method of removing defects from citrus pulp in accordance with one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary, isometric view of an advancing mechanism of the present invention using a nozzle in accordance with one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a fragmentary, side elevation view of the system of FIG. 2 and showing the nozzle of FIG. 2, a camera, and rejection mechanism.
- FIG. 4 is a fragmentary, isometric view of a translucent material comprising spaced translucent plates between which citrus pulp is advanced and can be imaged.
- FIG. 5 is a fragmentary, side elevation view of the system for removing defects using the translucent material shown in FIG. 4 and taken along line 5 - 5 of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 6 is a fragmentary, isometric view of a bank of air valves and air nozzles for blowing air onto citrus pulp determined to be defective and diverting a desired portion of the advancing citrus pulp determined to be defective from the path of travel.
- FIG. 7 is a fragmentary, isometric view of a single air nozzle that blows air onto a given area “A” at a distance “D” for diverting citrus pulp from the path of travel.
- FIG. 8 is a fragmentary drawing view that shows the overlap of areas “A” from each air nozzle.
- FIG. 9 is a fragmentary, isometric view of a belt conveyor that can be used for advancing citrus pulp in accordance with another aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a fragmentary, side elevation view of the belt conveyor of FIG. 9 showing use of a thickness gate and doctor blade.
- FIG. 11 is another fragmentary, isometric view of a rejection mechanism formed as a mechanical gate.
- FIG. 12 is a fragmentary, side elevation view of the mechanical gate shown in FIG. 11 used with the system for removing defects from citrus pulp.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a basic block diagram showing key steps in the system and method for removing defects from citrus pulp in accordance with one aspect of the present invention.
- An advancing mechanism advances citrus pulp along a predetermined path of travel into an inspection zone in a first step (Block 20 ).
- a citrus pulp imager such as a camera, is positioned at the inspection zone and acquires image data of the citrus pulp (Block 22 ).
- a processor is operatively connected to the citrus pulp imager and receives the image data and processes the image data to determine defects within the citrus pulp (Block 24 ).
- a rejection mechanism is positioned along the predetermined path of travel and rejects any citrus pulp determined to be defective (Block 26 ). Citrus pulp is subsequently processed (Block 28 ).
- FIGS. 2 and 3 there is illustrated one aspect of the system and method for removing defects from citrus pulp in accordance with an embodiment showing an advancing mechanism 30 for advancing citrus pulp along a predetermined path of travel 32 into an inspection zone 34 having a citrus pulp imager, indicated generally at 36 , and positioned at the inspection zone 34 for acquiring image data of the citrus pulp.
- the advancing mechanism 30 includes a nozzle 38 that discharges citrus pulp along the path of travel 32 over a light source 40 that illuminates the citrus pulp from underneath the path of travel.
- a camera 42 as the citrus pulp imager 36 , is positioned adjacent the nozzle 38 and over the citrus pulp to image the pulp as it is ejected from the nozzle into the inspection zone 34 . At this time, the camera 42 acquires image data of the citrus pulp.
- a processor 44 is operatively connected to the camera 42 and receives the image data and processes the image data to determine defects within the citrus pulp.
- a rejection mechanism indicated generally at 46 (FIG. 3), rejects any citrus pulp determined to be defective by diverting or blowing the defective citrus pulp into a waste bin 48 . The final product 50 as citrus pulp is then discharged into a product bin for subsequent processing.
- one advantageous pulp imager is a camera 42 , such as a line-scan camera or other CCD camera, for obtaining detailed pixel images with fine resolution of the citrus pulp.
- the light source 40 is operative, in one aspect of the invention, for illuminating the citrus pulp at a predetermined range of wavelengths for highlighting defects to be eliminated.
- a predetermined range of wavelengths can be chosen such as to cause citrus pulp defects to fluoresce. Not only could white light be used, but different color light having different wavelengths and energies could also be used depending on the type of defect to be identified.
- Some of the citrus pulp defects to be detected include discolored pulp, peel or portions of peel, albedo or portions of albedo, seeds, portions of seeds, black specks, mold, or non-citrus material such as insects, insect larve or insect parts.
- the processor 44 can be part of a personal computer system or larger mini or mainframe computer system as chosen by those skilled in the art.
- the rejection mechanism 46 could include an air rejection mechanism 52 as more clearly shown in FIGS. 6-8.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a bank or rack 54 of air nozzles 56 with associated valves 58 that are operatively connected to the processor 44 .
- the imager 36 could be a bank or rack of cameras or a single camera with a large scan angle across the predetermined path of travel of the citrus pulp to obtain gray scale or other images of the citrus pulp. Using programming software known or formulated by those skilled in the art, it is possible to determine defects from changes in gray scale intensity, fluorescence, or other imaging techniques.
- valves 58 are operatively turned on to allow air to blow from selected air nozzles 56 onto selected portions of the advancing citrus pulp and divert the citrus pulp determined to be defective from the predetermined path of travel, such as into the waste bin 48 , as shown in FIG. 3.
- Each valve 58 and associated air nozzle 56 can blow air onto a given jet area “A” at a distance “D,” distances and dimensions chosen by those skilled in the art, depending on the type of processing line, its speed, and type of defects most commonly encountered (FIG. 7).
- FIG. 8 illustrates how the air jet area “A” from each air nozzle 56 can overlap each other to ensure that all defects are removed as desired when multiple valves 58 and air nozzles 56 must be operative at once.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate another embodiment of the present invention where a second type of advancing mechanism 30 a includes spaced, translucent plates 60 a , 60 b through which citrus pulp is advanced, such as by extruding or pumping the citrus pulp between the translucent plates to allow imaging of the citrus pulp therein.
- the spaced translucent plates 60 a , 60 b could be formed from two sheets of plexiglass or glass material with side portions sealed to form a planar and elongate channel 62 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
- a light source 40 passes light upward through the lower translucent plate 60 a onto the citrus pulp that is imaged by a camera located above the upper translucent plate 60 b .
- the processor 44 receives image data from the camera 42 and processes the image data to determine citrus pulp defects.
- the rejection mechanism 46 can be located downstream from the formed channel 62 at a known distance for applying air from nozzles onto selected portions of the citrus pulp at a predetermined time and deflecting citrus pulp determined to be defective from the citrus pulp flow.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate a third type of advancing mechanism 30 b using a belt conveyor 64 that has a thickness gate 66 for distributing a predetermined thickness of citrus pulp on the belt conveyor.
- the citrus pulp advances along the belt conveyor 64 and past a doctor blade 68 that removes citrus pulp from the belt conveyor and passes it into a subsequent area for processing.
- a camera 42 could be located above the belt conveyor 64 and a light source 40 could also be located adjacent the camera 42 for illuminating the citrus pulp from above.
- Other known illumination systems could be used as determined by those skilled in the art.
- a rejection mechanism 46 is operatively associated with the belt conveyor for rejecting citrus pulp determined to be defective.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate another rejection mechanism 46 a that can be used as an alternative to the rack or bank of air nozzles shown in FIGS. 6-8.
- a mechanical gate mechanism 70 has individual gates 72 that can divert a section of citrus pulp away from a product destination into a waste bin.
- a hydraulic, pneumatic or other power mechanism 74 operatively receives signals from the processor 44 and forces respective pistons 76 outward to divert one or more gates 72 into the citrus pulp, causing a deflection of a desired amount of citrus pulp into the waste bin 48 .
- the present invention allows greater control over citrus pulp processing and removal of defects using image processing and machine vision technology for imaging citrus pulp at an inspection zone and acquiring image data of the citrus pulp for subsequent processing to determine defects and rejecting citrus pulp determined to be defective.
Abstract
A system and method of the present invention removes defects from citrus pulp. An advancing mechanism advances citrus pulp along a predetermined path of travel into an inspection zone. A citrus pulp imager is positioned at the inspection zone and acquires image data of the citrus pulp. A processor is operatively connected to the citrus pulp imager and receives the image data and processes the image data to determine defects within the citrus pulp. A rejection mechanism rejects any citrus pulp determined to be defective.
Description
- This invention relates to citrus pulp processing, and more particularly, this invention relates to a system and method for removing defects from citrus pulp.
- Citrus pulp is separated from juice typically by processing the citrus pulp in a juice extractor, which strains out most of the seeds and membranes through a strainer tube to produce a fine citrus pulp and juice product. This juice product advances and is further processed at a juice finisher for separating citrus pulp from the juice. At this point in the processing, the pulp is somewhat “clean,” after having been broken up into smaller citrus pulp pieces as a result of processing through the strainer tube at the juice extractor.
- It is desirable in some cases to produce a larger pulp sack in a premium pulp system by recovering pulp sacks that are more intact. For example, this citrus pulp can be added back to the juice to form a final product, e.g., a pulpy orange juice, or the citrus pulp can be collected separately, cleaned and pasteurized, and shipped to customers that package their own juice or sell citrus pulp wholesale.
- There are also an increasing number of customers that collect citrus pulp as a byproduct to sell for additional revenue. Thus, an increasing number of customers require citrus pulp to be processed with large and intact pulp sacks. One way to accomplish this goal is to design a juice extractor having larger openings in the strainer tube. Although larger, intact pulp sacks would be processed, the use of larger openings in a strainer tube has drawbacks, however, because undesired material and citrus pulp defects could pass through the slots.
- One prior art solution is a premium pulp system using a juice extractor, followed by processing at a juice finisher, and further processing for cleaning in a fluidized bed cyclone in which pulp and juice are processed together to separate components out by gravity. The design of the fluidized bed cyclone allows fluid to enter in tangentially and spin, with 20-30% of pulpy juice ejected from the bottom and 70% ejected from the top as a pulp and juice product. In a preferred mode of operation, small seeds and peel particles are ejected from the bottom portion of the fluidized bed cyclone.
- There are some drawbacks to this system because the defects that are processed as part of the juice and citrus pulp are unacceptable to many customers. These defects may include discolored pulp, peel or portions of peel, albedo or portions of albedo, seeds, portions of seeds, black specks, mold, and non-citrus material such as insects, insect larvae or insect parts. Different customers have different specifications concerning these defects, depending on the citrus pulp defect, category of juice, and customer end use. In some cases, defects are unacceptable at any level, such as insect larvae.
- It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a system and method for removing defects from citrus pulp that advantageously overcome the prior art drawbacks identified above.
- In accordance with the present invention, a citrus pulp imager acquires image data of the citrus pulp at an inspection zone that receives citrus pulp advancing along a predetermined path of travel. A processor is operatively connected to the citrus pulp imager for receiving the image data and processing the image data to determine defects within the citrus pulp. A rejection mechanism rejects any citrus pulp determined to be defective.
- In one aspect of the present invention, a light source illuminates the citrus pulp at the inspection zone. A camera is located at the inspection zone and acquires images of the citrus pulp. This camera can be a line-scan camera, CCD camera, or other imaging camera or similar mechanism that is operative for acquiring images of citrus pulp. A light source illuminates the citrus pulp and is operative at a predetermined range of wavelengths for highlighting defects to be illuminated. In one aspect of the invention, the wavelengths are-such as to cause defects to fluoresce.
- In yet another aspect of the present invention, the advancing mechanism includes a belt conveyor, nozzle or translucent material through which citrus pulp is advanced and can be imaged. The rejection mechanism could include a mechanical diverter that diverts any citrus pulp determined to be defective from the path of travel, or an air nozzle that blows a jet of air onto citrus pulp determined to be defective to eject or divert the defective citrus pulp from the path of travel. In one aspect of the present invention, the processor is operative for determining defects in citrus pulp, including but not limited to, discolored pulp, peel or portions of peel, albedo or portions of albedo, seeds, portions of seeds, black specks, mold, or non-citrus material such as insects, insect larvae or insect parts.
- Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description of the invention which follows, when considered in light of the accompanying drawings in which:
- FIG. 1 is a high level flow chart showing the basic sequence of operation for the system and method of removing defects from citrus pulp in accordance with one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary, isometric view of an advancing mechanism of the present invention using a nozzle in accordance with one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a fragmentary, side elevation view of the system of FIG. 2 and showing the nozzle of FIG. 2, a camera, and rejection mechanism.
- FIG. 4 is a fragmentary, isometric view of a translucent material comprising spaced translucent plates between which citrus pulp is advanced and can be imaged.
- FIG. 5 is a fragmentary, side elevation view of the system for removing defects using the translucent material shown in FIG. 4 and taken along line5-5 of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 6 is a fragmentary, isometric view of a bank of air valves and air nozzles for blowing air onto citrus pulp determined to be defective and diverting a desired portion of the advancing citrus pulp determined to be defective from the path of travel.
- FIG. 7 is a fragmentary, isometric view of a single air nozzle that blows air onto a given area “A” at a distance “D” for diverting citrus pulp from the path of travel.
- FIG. 8 is a fragmentary drawing view that shows the overlap of areas “A” from each air nozzle.
- FIG. 9 is a fragmentary, isometric view of a belt conveyor that can be used for advancing citrus pulp in accordance with another aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a fragmentary, side elevation view of the belt conveyor of FIG. 9 showing use of a thickness gate and doctor blade.
- FIG. 11 is another fragmentary, isometric view of a rejection mechanism formed as a mechanical gate.
- FIG. 12 is a fragmentary, side elevation view of the mechanical gate shown in FIG. 11 used with the system for removing defects from citrus pulp.
- The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
- The present invention advantageously overcomes the disadvantages of prior art citrus pulp defect removal systems by using citrus pulp imaging during processing and removing defects from the citrus pulp in an economical and advanced manner without harming the citrus pulp and damaging intact pulp sacks. FIG. 1 illustrates a basic block diagram showing key steps in the system and method for removing defects from citrus pulp in accordance with one aspect of the present invention. An advancing mechanism advances citrus pulp along a predetermined path of travel into an inspection zone in a first step (Block20). A citrus pulp imager, such as a camera, is positioned at the inspection zone and acquires image data of the citrus pulp (Block 22). A processor is operatively connected to the citrus pulp imager and receives the image data and processes the image data to determine defects within the citrus pulp (Block 24). A rejection mechanism is positioned along the predetermined path of travel and rejects any citrus pulp determined to be defective (Block 26). Citrus pulp is subsequently processed (Block 28).
- Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, there is illustrated one aspect of the system and method for removing defects from citrus pulp in accordance with an embodiment showing an advancing
mechanism 30 for advancing citrus pulp along a predetermined path oftravel 32 into aninspection zone 34 having a citrus pulp imager, indicated generally at 36, and positioned at theinspection zone 34 for acquiring image data of the citrus pulp. In the illustrated embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the advancingmechanism 30 includes anozzle 38 that discharges citrus pulp along the path oftravel 32 over alight source 40 that illuminates the citrus pulp from underneath the path of travel. Acamera 42, as thecitrus pulp imager 36, is positioned adjacent thenozzle 38 and over the citrus pulp to image the pulp as it is ejected from the nozzle into theinspection zone 34. At this time, thecamera 42 acquires image data of the citrus pulp. Aprocessor 44 is operatively connected to thecamera 42 and receives the image data and processes the image data to determine defects within the citrus pulp. A rejection mechanism, indicated generally at 46 (FIG. 3), rejects any citrus pulp determined to be defective by diverting or blowing the defective citrus pulp into awaste bin 48. Thefinal product 50 as citrus pulp is then discharged into a product bin for subsequent processing. Although differentcitrus pulp imagers 36 can be used in the present invention, one advantageous pulp imager is acamera 42, such as a line-scan camera or other CCD camera, for obtaining detailed pixel images with fine resolution of the citrus pulp. - The
light source 40 is operative, in one aspect of the invention, for illuminating the citrus pulp at a predetermined range of wavelengths for highlighting defects to be eliminated. In one aspect of the invention, a predetermined range of wavelengths can be chosen such as to cause citrus pulp defects to fluoresce. Not only could white light be used, but different color light having different wavelengths and energies could also be used depending on the type of defect to be identified. Some of the citrus pulp defects to be detected include discolored pulp, peel or portions of peel, albedo or portions of albedo, seeds, portions of seeds, black specks, mold, or non-citrus material such as insects, insect larve or insect parts. - The
processor 44 can be part of a personal computer system or larger mini or mainframe computer system as chosen by those skilled in the art. In the illustrated embodiment shown in FIG. 3, therejection mechanism 46 could include anair rejection mechanism 52 as more clearly shown in FIGS. 6-8. FIG. 6 illustrates a bank or rack 54 ofair nozzles 56 with associatedvalves 58 that are operatively connected to theprocessor 44. Theimager 36 could be a bank or rack of cameras or a single camera with a large scan angle across the predetermined path of travel of the citrus pulp to obtain gray scale or other images of the citrus pulp. Using programming software known or formulated by those skilled in the art, it is possible to determine defects from changes in gray scale intensity, fluorescence, or other imaging techniques. - Once the
processor 44 determines the location of the defect relative to the speed of the advancing citrus pulp, selectedvalves 58 are operatively turned on to allow air to blow from selectedair nozzles 56 onto selected portions of the advancing citrus pulp and divert the citrus pulp determined to be defective from the predetermined path of travel, such as into thewaste bin 48, as shown in FIG. 3. Eachvalve 58 and associatedair nozzle 56 can blow air onto a given jet area “A” at a distance “D,” distances and dimensions chosen by those skilled in the art, depending on the type of processing line, its speed, and type of defects most commonly encountered (FIG. 7). FIG. 8 illustrates how the air jet area “A” from eachair nozzle 56 can overlap each other to ensure that all defects are removed as desired whenmultiple valves 58 andair nozzles 56 must be operative at once. - FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate another embodiment of the present invention where a second type of advancing
mechanism 30 a includes spaced,translucent plates translucent plates elongate channel 62 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Alight source 40 passes light upward through the lowertranslucent plate 60 a onto the citrus pulp that is imaged by a camera located above the uppertranslucent plate 60 b. Theprocessor 44 receives image data from thecamera 42 and processes the image data to determine citrus pulp defects. Therejection mechanism 46, as shown in FIGS. 6-8, can be located downstream from the formedchannel 62 at a known distance for applying air from nozzles onto selected portions of the citrus pulp at a predetermined time and deflecting citrus pulp determined to be defective from the citrus pulp flow. - FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate a third type of advancing
mechanism 30 b using abelt conveyor 64 that has athickness gate 66 for distributing a predetermined thickness of citrus pulp on the belt conveyor. The citrus pulp advances along thebelt conveyor 64 and past adoctor blade 68 that removes citrus pulp from the belt conveyor and passes it into a subsequent area for processing. With this type of belt system, acamera 42 could be located above thebelt conveyor 64 and alight source 40 could also be located adjacent thecamera 42 for illuminating the citrus pulp from above. Other known illumination systems could be used as determined by those skilled in the art. Arejection mechanism 46 is operatively associated with the belt conveyor for rejecting citrus pulp determined to be defective. - FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate another
rejection mechanism 46 a that can be used as an alternative to the rack or bank of air nozzles shown in FIGS. 6-8. Amechanical gate mechanism 70 hasindividual gates 72 that can divert a section of citrus pulp away from a product destination into a waste bin. As shown in FIG. 12, a hydraulic, pneumatic orother power mechanism 74 operatively receives signals from theprocessor 44 and forcesrespective pistons 76 outward to divert one ormore gates 72 into the citrus pulp, causing a deflection of a desired amount of citrus pulp into thewaste bin 48. Naturally, if only a single defect is imaged by a camera and processed, only onepiston 76 would extend for pushing onegate 72 downward for a short period of time and diverting a small portion of the citrus pulp having the one defect into the waste bin. If a large number of defects extend along a large portion of the citrus pulp flow, all gates would be deflected for a predetermined period of time. - It is evident that the present invention allows greater control over citrus pulp processing and removal of defects using image processing and machine vision technology for imaging citrus pulp at an inspection zone and acquiring image data of the citrus pulp for subsequent processing to determine defects and rejecting citrus pulp determined to be defective.
- Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will come to the mind of one skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and that the modifications and embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the dependent claims.
Claims (17)
1. A system for removing defects from citrus pulp comprising:
an advancing mechanism for advancing citrus pulp along a predetermined path of travel into an inspection zone;
a citrus pulp imager positioned at the inspection zone for acquiring image data of the citrus pulp;
a processor operatively connected to said citrus pulp imager for receiving the image data and processing the image data to determine defects within the citrus pulp; and
a rejection mechanism for rejecting any citrus pulp determined to be defective.
2. A system according to claim 1 , wherein said citrus pulp imager further comprises a light source for illuminating the citrus pulp at the inspection zone and a camera located at the inspection zone for acquiring images of the citrus pulp.
3. A system according to claim 2 , wherein said light source is operative for illuminating the citrus pulp at a predetermined range of wavelengths for highlighting defects to be illuminated.
4. A system according to claim 3 , wherein the predetermined range of wavelengths is such as to cause defects to fluoresce.
5. A system according to claim 1 , wherein said advancing mechanism comprises a belt conveyor, nozzle or translucent material through which citrus pulp is advanced and can be imaged.
6. A system according to claim 1 , wherein said rejection mechanism comprises a mechanical diverter that diverts any citrus pulp determined to be defective from the path of travel.
7. A system according to claim 1 , wherein said rejection mechanism comprises at least one air nozzle for blowing air onto citrus pulp determined to be defective and diverting the defective citrus pulp from the path of travel.
8. A system according to claim 1 , wherein said processor is operative for determining defects including discolored pulp, peel or portions of peel, albedo or portions of albedo, seeds, portions of seeds, black specks, mold, non-citrus material such as insects, insect larvae or insect parts.
9. A method of removing defects from citrus pulp comprising the steps of:
advancing citrus pulp along a predetermined path of travel into an inspection zone;
imaging the citrus pulp at the inspection zone to acquire image data of the citrus pulp;
processing the image data to determine defects within the citrus pulp; and
rejecting any citrus pulp determined to be defective.
10. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the step of imaging further comprises the step of illuminating the citrus pulp at the inspection zone and acquiring images from a camera located at the inspection zone.
11. A method according to claim 10 , and further comprising the step of illuminating the citrus pulp at a predetermined range of wavelengths for highlighting defects to be imaged.
12. A method according to claim 11 , and further comprising the step of illuminating the citrus pulp at a predetermined range of wavelengths to cause defects to fluoresce.
13. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the step of advancing citrus pulp further comprises the step of conveying citrus pulp into the inspection zone by one of conveying along a belt conveyor, discharging through a nozzle, or extruding or pumping through a translucent material to allow imaging of the citrus pulp therein.
14. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the step of rejecting any citrus pulp determined to be defective comprises the step of diverting any citrus pulp determined to be defective from the path of travel to remove any defective citrus pulp.
15. A method according to claim 14 , wherein the step of diverting the citrus pulp from the path of travel further comprises the step of blowing any citrus pulp away from the path of travel.
16. A method according to claim 14 , wherein the step of diverting the citrus pulp further comprises the step of mechanically engaging and diverting the citrus pulp determined to be defective away from the path of travel.
17. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the step of determining defects further comprises the step of determining discolored pulp, peel or portions of peel, albedo or portions of albedo, seeds, portions of seeds, black specks, mold, non-citrus material such as insects, insect larvae or insect parts.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/807,765 US20040181302A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2004-03-24 | Method of removing food product defects from a food product slurry |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/036,636 US6727452B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2002-01-03 | System and method for removing defects from citrus pulp |
US10/807,765 US20040181302A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2004-03-24 | Method of removing food product defects from a food product slurry |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/036,636 Division US6727452B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2002-01-03 | System and method for removing defects from citrus pulp |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20040181302A1 true US20040181302A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
Family
ID=21889740
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/036,636 Expired - Lifetime US6727452B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2002-01-03 | System and method for removing defects from citrus pulp |
US10/807,765 Abandoned US20040181302A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2004-03-24 | Method of removing food product defects from a food product slurry |
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US10/036,636 Expired - Lifetime US6727452B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2002-01-03 | System and method for removing defects from citrus pulp |
Country Status (7)
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US (2) | US6727452B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1460907B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002342174A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0215467B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2347422T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA04006595A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003059093A1 (en) |
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Cited By (13)
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US8436268B1 (en) * | 2002-08-12 | 2013-05-07 | Ecullet | Method of and apparatus for type and color sorting of cullet |
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US9699447B2 (en) | 2012-11-26 | 2017-07-04 | Frito-Lay North America, Inc. | Calibration of a dynamic digital imaging system for detecting defects in production stream |
US9014434B2 (en) | 2012-11-26 | 2015-04-21 | Frito-Lay North America, Inc. | Method for scoring and controlling quality of food products in a dynamic production line |
CN104871175A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2015-08-26 | 福瑞托-雷北美有限公司 | Method for scoring and controlling quality of food products in a dynamic production line |
WO2014082012A3 (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-07-17 | Frito-Lay North America, Inc. | Scoring and controlling quality of food products |
CN105320955A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-02-10 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Meal quality management detection module and meal quality management detection method applying same |
WO2017184540A1 (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2017-10-26 | Lamb Weston, Inc. | Food article defect removal apparatus |
US10052663B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2018-08-21 | Lamb Weston, Inc. | Food article defect removal apparatus |
US10092931B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2018-10-09 | Lamb Weston, Inc. | Food article defect removal apparatus |
CN109311061A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2019-02-05 | 拉姆威斯顿有限公司 | Food substandard products remove device |
US10478864B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2019-11-19 | Lamb Weston, Inc. | Food article defect removal apparatus |
US10753507B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2020-08-25 | Lamb Weston, Inc. | Food article defect removal apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2002342174A1 (en) | 2003-07-30 |
ES2347422T3 (en) | 2010-10-29 |
EP1460907B1 (en) | 2010-07-28 |
MXPA04006595A (en) | 2004-10-04 |
BR0215467B1 (en) | 2011-06-28 |
BR0215467A (en) | 2004-11-30 |
WO2003059093A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
US20030124217A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
US6727452B2 (en) | 2004-04-27 |
EP1460907A1 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
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