US20060081371A1 - Sintered spherical pellets - Google Patents
Sintered spherical pellets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060081371A1 US20060081371A1 US11/226,476 US22647605A US2006081371A1 US 20060081371 A1 US20060081371 A1 US 20060081371A1 US 22647605 A US22647605 A US 22647605A US 2006081371 A1 US2006081371 A1 US 2006081371A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- weight
- proppant
- composition comprises
- clay
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/117—Composites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62625—Wet mixtures
- C04B35/62635—Mixing details
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62695—Granulation or pelletising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/636—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3203—Lithium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3262—Manganese oxides, manganates, rhenium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. MnO
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3272—Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. hematite, magnetite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3284—Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3409—Boron oxide, borates, boric acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. borax
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3436—Alkaline earth metal silicates, e.g. barium silicate
- C04B2235/3445—Magnesium silicates, e.g. forsterite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/349—Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3804—Borides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3817—Carbides
- C04B2235/3821—Boron carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3852—Nitrides, e.g. oxynitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbonitrides, lithium nitride, magnesium nitride
- C04B2235/386—Boron nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/528—Spheres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5296—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes with a defined aspect ratio, e.g. indicating sphericity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/72—Products characterised by the absence or the low content of specific components, e.g. alkali metal free alumina ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/72—Products characterised by the absence or the low content of specific components, e.g. alkali metal free alumina ceramics
- C04B2235/727—Phosphorus or phosphorus compound content
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
Abstract
Sintered, spherical composite pellets or particles comprising alumina fines, at least one of clay and bauxite and optionally a sintering aid, are described, along with a process for their manufacture. The use of such pellets in hydraulic fracturing of subterranean formations and in grinding is also described.
Description
- This patent application is a non-provisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 60/609,778, filed on Sep. 14, 2004, entitled “Sintered Spherical Pellets Useful for Gas and Oil Well Proppants,” which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
- The present invention relates to oil and gas well proppants and, more particularly, to proppants with excellent crush resistance in a broad range of applications in which one of the starting raw materials used to produce the proppant is alumina fines.
- Oil and natural gas are produced from wells having porous and permeable subterranean formations. The porosity of the formation permits the formation to store oil and gas, and the permeability of the formation permits the oil or gas fluid to move through the formation. Permeability of the formation is essential to permit oil and gas to flow to a location where it can be pumped from the well. Sometimes the permeability of the formation holding the gas or oil is insufficient for economic recovery of oil and gas. In other cases, during operation of the well, the permeability of the formation drops to the extent that further recovery becomes uneconomical. In such cases, it is necessary to fracture the formation and prop the fracture in an open condition by means of a proppant material or propping agent. Such fracturing is usually accomplished by hydraulic pressure, and the proppant material or propping agent is a particulate material, such as sand, glass beads or ceramic pellets, which are carried into the fracture by means of a fluid.
- Spherical particles of uniform size are generally acknowledged to be the most effective proppants due to maximized permeability. For this reason, assuming other properties to be equal, spherical or essentially spherical proppants, such as rounded sand grains, metallic shot, glass beads, tabular alumina, or other ceramic raw materials mechanically processed into spheres are preferred.
- In accord with the present invention, spherical pellets or particles, having alumina fines as one of the starting raw materials, are produced. The spherical particles are useful as oil and gas proppants as well as grinding media. The spherical particles may be fired at a sintering temperature for a period of time sufficient to enable recovery of sintered, spherical pellets having an apparent specific gravity of between 2.70 and 3.75 and a bulk density of from about 1.35 to about 2.15 g/cm3. The proppants of the present embodiments range from intermediate to exceptionally high strength and are effective at closure stresses of up to about 15,000 psi. Thus, the proppants of the present embodiments are generally applicable for moderate to very deep oil and gas wells where closure stresses may be extreme.
- The spherical pellets are made from a composition of alumina fines, and at least one of clay and bauxite. In addition, sintering aids may be added to the compositions. Suitable sintering aids include iron oxide and zinc oxide. The composition may include from about 10 to 75 percent by weight of alumina fines, from about 20 to 90 percent by weight of at least one of clay and bauxite and, optionally, from about 0.1 to 15 percent by weight of a sintering aid. The clay and bauxite may have an alumina content ranging from about 35 to 90 percent by weight of alumina. In one embodiment, the composition includes 58 percent by weight of alumina fines and 42 percent by weight of calcined kaolin. In another embodiment, the composition includes 64 percent by weight of alumina fines, 28 percent by weight of kaolin and 8 percent by weight of iron oxide. In yet another embodiment, the composition includes 20 percent by weight of alumina fines and 80 percent by weight of bauxite. In a still further embodiment, the composition includes 36 percent by weight of alumina fines, 63 percent by weight of bauxite and 1 percent by weight of zinc oxide.
- A suitable alumina fines material for use in the compositions for producing the proppant of the present embodiments is the alumina fines dust collector by-product of alumina purification using the Bayer process. According to the Bayer process, the aluminum component of bauxite ore is dissolved in sodium hydroxide, impurities are removed from the solution and alumina trihydrate is precipitated from the solution and then calcined to aluminum oxide. A Bayer Process plant is essentially a device for heating and cooling a large recirculating stream of caustic soda solution. Bauxite is added at the high temperature point, red mud is separated at an intermediate temperature, and alumina is precipitated at the low temperature point in the cycle. The alumina fines that are useful for the preparation of the proppant pellets according to the present embodiments are a by-product this process. A suitable alumina fines product has an alumina content of about 99 percent by weight, a loss on ignition of about 13% -22%, an average particle size of about 12 microns and about 86% or more of the particle size distribution is less than 45 microns. The term “loss on ignition” refers to a process, well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, in which samples are dried at about 100° C. to drive off free moisture and then heated to about 1000° C. to drive off chemically bound water and other compounds.
- The compositions for producing the proppant of the present embodiments also include at least one of clay and bauxite. A suitable clay material for use in the compositions for producing the proppant of the present embodiments is kaolin. Kaolin as found in nature, is a hydrated aluminosilicate having a composition of approximately 52% SiO2, and 45% Al2O3 (chemistry is in weight percent on a calcined basis). A suitable kaolin clay is mined in the McIntyre, Ga. area and has a loss on ignition of approximately 14%. According to certain embodiments, the kaolin clay material may be calcined by methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, at temperatures and times to remove sufficient water of hydration to facilitate pelletization.
- A suitable bauxite material for use in the compositions for producing the proppant of the present embodiments is available from Comalco. This bauxite as found in nature has a chemical composition of approximately 82% Al2O3, 7% SiO2 (chemistry is in weight percent on a calcined basis). The bauxite is mined and calcined in Australia and as received has a loss on ignition of approximately less than 1%. According to certain embodiments, the bauxite material may be calcined by methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, at temperatures and times to remove sufficient water of hydration to facilitate pelletization.
- The clay and bauxite materials for use in the compositions for producing the proppant of the present embodiments are compatible with, and may be used as a matrix for, a wide variety of proppant materials, and, in this manner, a wide variety of composite proppants may be produced, which may be customized to particular conditions or formations. Thus, the properties of the final sintered composite pellets, such as strength, permeability, apparent specific gravity, bulk density and acid resistance, may be controlled through variations in the initial component mixture.
- Further the spherical pellets may be customized for use as a grinding media. For instance, the desired color and density of the grinding media can be achieved by the appropriate selection of the starting materials and in particular the specific sintering aid. A light colored media is often a requirement for grinding media so that wear of the media during grinding will not discolor the product being milled. In this case, a sintering aid such as iron oxide would not be used since iron oxide tends to darken the media. Instead, a sintering aid such as zinc oxide may be used since it results in a light colored media. A desired density of the grinding media can be achieved by adjusting the relative ratios of the starting materials. For instance, ratios of starting ingredients that contain higher amounts of alumina fines or bauxites will result in a higher density media. Higher density grinding media improves milling in ball mills and vertical mills. The properties appropriate for grinding media such as abrasion resistance are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- The term “apparent specific gravity,” as used herein, is a number without units, but is defined to be numerically equal to the weight in grams per cubic centimeter of volume, excluding void space or open porosity in determining the volume. The apparent specific gravity values given herein were determined by water displacement.
- The term “bulk density”, as used herein, is defined to mean the weight per unit volume, including in the volume considered the void spaces between the particles.
- Unless stated otherwise, all percentages, proportions and values with respect to composition are expressed in terms of weight.
- As noted above, the compositions for producing the proppant of the present embodiments may also include sintering aids such as iron oxide or zinc oxide. The iron oxide may be added to the composition as hematite iron oxide (Fe2O3) or other forms of iron oxide, such as FeO and Fe3O4, and thus the term “iron oxide” as used herein means all forms of iron oxide and may be generically represented as FexOy. A suitable iron oxide material is pigment grade iron oxide which is commercially available from Densimix, Inc. A suitable zinc oxide material is commercially available from U.S. Zinc.
- The present invention also provides a process for propping fractures in oil and gas wells at depths of up to 20,000 feet utilizing the proppant of the present embodiments by mixing the proppant with a fluid, such as oil or water, and introducing the mixture into a fracture in a subterranean formation. The compaction pressure upon the fracture generally is up to about 15,000 psi.
- In a method of the present embodiments, the composition of alumina fines, at least one of clay and bauxite and optionally one or more sintering aids is ground into a fine particle size dust. This dust mixture is added to a high intensity mixer having a rotatable table provided with a rotatable impacting impeller, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,690,622, to Brunner. Sufficient water is added to cause essentially spherical ceramic pellets to form. Optionally, a binder, for example, various resins or waxes, starch, or polyvinyl alcohol known in the prior art, may be added to the initial mixture to improve pelletizing and to increase the green strength of the unsintered pellets. A suitable binder is starch which may be added at levels of from about 0 to 1.5 percent by weight. In certain embodiments, the starch may be added at an amount of from about 0.5 to 0.7 percent by weight.
- The resulting pellets are then dried and screened to an appropriate pre-sintering size, and fired at sintering temperature until an apparent specific gravity between about 2.70 and about 3.75 is obtained, depending on the composition of the starting mixture.
- Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the composition may also include other conventional sintering aids including, for example, minor amounts of bentonite clay, feldspar, nepheline syenite, talc, titanium oxide, and compounds of lithium, sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, manganese and boron, such as lithium carbonate, sodium oxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicates, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, manganese oxide, boric acid, boron carbide, aluminum diboride, boron nitride and boron phosphide. The most desirable range of sintering aid can be readily determined by those skilled in the art, depending upon the particular mixture of alumina fines, clay and bauxite used.
- The sintered proppant pellets of the present embodiments are spherical in shape. The sphericity of the proppant pellets was determined using a visual comparator. Krumbein and Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, second edition, 1955, W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco, Calif., describe a chart for use in visual determination of sphericity and roundness. Visual comparison using this chart is a widely used method of evaluating sphericity or roundness of particles. In using the visual comparison method, a random sample of 20 particles of the material to be tested is selected. The particles are viewed under a 10 to 20 power microscope or a photomicrograph and their shapes compared to the Krumbein and Sloss chart. The chart values for sphericity range from 0.3 to 0.9. The chart values for the individual particles are then averaged to obtain a sphericity value.
- The term “spherical” and related forms, as used herein, is defined to mean an average ratio of minimum diameter to maximum diameter of about 0.80 or greater, or having an average sphericity value of about 0.8 or greater compared to a Krumbein and Sloss chart. The sintered proppant pellets of the present embodiment have an average sphericity of about 0.8 or greater when visually compared with the Krumbein and Sloss chart. The proppant pellets of certain of the present embodiments have a roundness of about 0.9 and a sphericity of about 0.9.
- A suitable procedure for producing the sintered, spherical pellets of the present embodiment is as follows:
- 1. The starting ingredients of alumina fines, one or both of clay and bauxite, optionally one or more sintering aids, and optionally binder are ground to about 90-100% less than 325 mesh. According to certain embodiments, one or both of the clay and bauxite is calcined, and if present, the binder is starch. Ninety weight percent of the ground starting ingredients are added to a high intensity mixer.
- 2. The starting ingredients are stirred using a suitable commercially available stirring or mixing devices have a rotatable horizontal or inclined circular table and a rotatable impacting impeller.
- 3. While the mixture is being stirred, sufficient water is added to cause formation of spherical pellets and growth of those pellets to the desired size.
- In general, the total quantity of water which is sufficient to cause essentially spherical pellets to form is from about 17 to about 23 percent by weight of the starting ingredients. The total mixing time usually is from about 2 to about 15 minutes.
- After the mixture of alumina fines, at least one of clay and bauxite, optionally one or more sintering aids and optionally binder has grown into spherical pellets of the desired size, the mixer speed is reduced, and 10 weight percent of the ground starting ingredients is added to the mixer.
- 4. The resulting pellets are dried and screened to a specified size that will compensate for the shrinkage that occurs during sintering in the kiln. The pellets are screened for size preferably after drying. The rejected oversized and undersized pellets and powdered material obtained after the drying and screening steps may be recycled.
- 5. The dried pellets are then fired at sintering temperature for a period sufficient to enable recovery of sintered, spherical pellets having an apparent specific gravity of between 2.70 and 3.75 and a bulk density of from about 1.35 to about 2.15 g/cm3. The specific time and temperature to be employed is dependent on the starting ingredients and is determined empirically according to the results of physical testing of pellets after firing.
- Pellets may also be screened after firing. The finished pellets may be tumbled to enhance smoothness. The proppant of the present embodiments generally has a particle size distribution that meets the API designation for 20/40 proppant which specifies that the product must retain 90% between the primary 20 and 40 mesh sieves. However, other sizes of proppant ranging from 140 mesh to 6 mesh may be produced with the same mixture. The proppant prepared according to the present embodiments demonstrates the following typical sieve analysis (weight % retained):
U.S. Mesh Microns 20/40 +16 +1180 0 −16 + 20 −1000 + 850 3 −20 + 30 −850 + 600 69 −30 + 40 −600 + 425 27 −40 −425 0 - The bulk density values reported in Table I were determined by weighing that amount of sample that would fill a cup of known volume utilizing procedure ANSI B74.4.
- The crush values reported in Table I were obtained using the American Petroleum Institute (API) procedure for determining resistance to crushing. According to this procedure, a bed of about 6 mm depth of sample to be tested is placed in a hollow cylindrical cell. A piston is inserted in the cell. Thereafter, a load is applied to the sample via the piston. One minute is taken to reach maximum load which is then held for two minutes. The load is thereafter removed, the sample removed from the cell, and screened to separate crushed material. The results are reported as a percentage crushed to a size smaller than the starting material by weight of the original sample (e.g. for a 20/40 material it would be the material that was crushed to −40 mesh).
- In Table I is summarized the composition of the present embodiments for pellets produced from the raw materials indicated. Also given are the results of testing of these pellets. All samples were prepared in accord with the procedures described herein. Examples 1-4 give details regarding the procedure employed in the preparation of the proppant samples the testing of which is reported in Table I.
- The chemistries for the mixtures were calculated from the blending ratios of raw materials and the chemistries of the raw materials as measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) which is an analytical method known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
TABLE I Alumina/ Alumina/Kaolin/ Alumina/Bauxite/ Alumina Kaolin Iron Oxide ZnO Alumina/Bauxite Fines (58:42) (64:28:8) (36:63:1) (20:80) Chemistry Al2O3 98.77 77.18 77.96 89.8 85.6 Fe2O3 0.03 0.43 7.95 0.7 5.4 K2O 0 0.04 0.02 0.1 0.01 SiO2 0.08 21.31 12.57 4.9 5.7 CaO 0.04 0.1 0.09 0.2 0.02 NaO 1.07 N/A 0.74 0.4 0.2 MgO 0 0.04 0.02 0.1 0.02 P2O5 0 0.04 0.01 0.1 0.01 TiO2 0 0.86 0.57 2.4 2.9 ZnO 0 0 0 1.0 0 LOI 15.6 13.4 12.4 14.9 4.2 20/40 Properties BD 1.34 1.84 1.99 1.98 ASG N/A 3.3 3.65 3.63 15,000 psi % crush 7.4 2.9 10,000 psi % crush 2.9 4,000 psi % crush 2.1 Sphericity >0.8 >0.8 >0.8 >0.8 - A 58/42 ratio mixture of alumina fines and calcined kaolin clay was prepared by first grinding the mixture so that 99.4% of the mixture had a particle size of less than 325 mesh. Next, about 3200 grams of the 58/42 ratio mixture was charged to an R02 Eirich mixer.
- The mixer was operated on high speed rotor and 1050 grams of water containing 24 grams of starch as a binding agent was added. Pelletizing was continued at high speed rotor for 4.5 minutes. Next, the speed of the mixer was reduced to “slow” rotor and 200 grams of polishing dust having the same 58/42 ratio composition of alumina fines and calcined kaolin clay was added. The pellets were polished under slow rotor for a total of 1.5 minutes.
- The pellets were then dried and screened to −16 mesh/+30 mesh prior to firing at temperatures ranging from 2850 to 3000° F. The resulting pellets had a bulk density of 1.34 gm/cm3.
- The crush strength of the pellets was tested in accordance with the API procedure for determining resistance to crushing noted above and at an induced pressure of 4,000 psi the pellets had a crush percentage of 2.1. The best strength was obtained at firing temperatures of 3000° F. which was the maximum temperature capability of the laboratory furnace. The data indicate that firing the pellets from this blend at higher temperatures would generate pellets with optimum strength.
- About 3200 grams of a 64/28/8 ratio mixture of alumina fines, calcined kaolin clay, and iron oxide having a particle size of 98.6%<325 mesh were added to an R02 Eirich mixer.
- The mixer was operated on high speed rotor and 750 grams of water containing 24 grams starch binder which is commercially available under the trade name Staramic 100 from Tate and Lyle North America was added. Rotation of the table and impeller was continued for about 10.5 minutes; subsequently, the impeller speed was decreased and 200 grams of polishing dust having the same 64/28/8 ratio composition of alumina fines, calcined kaolin clay and iron oxide was added incrementally. Polishing continued for approximately 2 minutes.
- The pellets were then dried and screened to −16 mesh/+30 mesh prior to firing at about 2,750° F. The resulting pellets had an apparent specific gravity of about 3.30, a bulk density of 1.84 gm/cm3 and a sphericity of greater than 0.8, as determined using the Krumbein and Sloss chart.
- The crush strength of the pellets was tested in accordance with the API procedure for determining resistance to crushing noted above and at an induced pressure of 10,000 psi the pellets had a crush percentage of 2.9 which meets the API specification of 10% maximum crush for this size proppant.
- About 4.5 kilograms of a 36/63/1 ratio mixture of alumina fines, bauxite, and zinc oxide having a particle size of 99.9%<325 mesh were added to an R02 Eirich mixer.
- The mixer was operated on high rotor speed and about 1000 grams of water was added. Rotation of the table and impeller was continued for about 6 minutes; subsequently, the impeller speed was decreased and about 450 grams of polishing dust having the same 36/63/1 ratio composition of alumina fines, bauxite, and zinc oxide was added incrementally. Polishing continued for approximately 1 minute.
- The pellets were then dried and screened to −16 mesh/+30 mesh prior to firing at about 2,840° F. The resulting pellets had an apparent specific gravity of about 3.65, a bulk density of 1.99 gm/cm3 and a sphericity of greater than 0.8, as determined using the Krumbein and Sloss chart.
- The crush strength of the pellets was tested in accordance with the API procedure for determining resistance to crushing noted above and at an induced pressure of 15,000 psi the pellets had a crush percentage of 7.4 which meets the API specification of 10% maximum crush for this size proppant.
- About 3.6 kilograms of a 20/80 ratio mixture of alumina fines and bauxite having a particle size of 99.9%<325 mesh were added to an R02 Eirich mixer.
- The mixer was operated on high rotor speed and about 800 grams of water was added. Rotation of the table and impeller was continued for about 6 minutes; subsequently, the impeller speed was decreased and about 360 grams of polishing dust having the same 20/80 ratio composition of alumina fines and bauxite was added incrementally. Polishing continued for approximately 1 minute.
- The pellets were then dried and screened to −16 mesh/+30 mesh prior to firing at about 2,750° F. The resulting pellets had an apparent specific gravity of about 3.63, a bulk density of 1.98 gm/cm3 and a sphericity of greater than 0.8, as determined using the Krumbein and Sloss chart.
- The crush strength of the pellets was tested in accordance with the API procedure for determining resistance to crushing noted above and at an induced pressure of 15,000 psi the pellets had a crush percentage of 2.9 which meets the API specification of 10% maximum crush for this size proppant.
- The spherical, sintered pellets of the present invention are useful as a propping agent in methods of fracturing subterranean formations to increase the permeability thereof, particularly those formations having a compaction pressure of up to about 15,000 psi, which are typically located at depths of up to about 20,000 feet.
- When used as a propping agent, the pellets of the present invention may be handled in the same manner as other propping agents. The pellets may be delivered to the well site in bags or in bulk form along with the other materials used in fracturing treatment. Conventional equipment and techniques may be used to place the spherical pellets as propping agent.
- A viscous fluid, frequently referred to as “pad”, is injected into the well at a rate and pressure to initiate and propagate a fracture in the subterranean formation. The fracturing fluid may be an oil base, water base, acid, emulsion, foam, or any other fluid. Injection of the fracturing fluid is continued until a fracture of sufficient geometry is obtained to permit placement of the propping pellets. Thereafter, pellets as hereinbefore described are placed in the fracture by injecting into the fracture a fluid into which the pellets have previously been introduced and suspended. The propping distribution is usually, but not necessarily, a multi-layer pack. Following placement of the pellets, the well is shut-in for a time sufficient to permit the pressure in the fracture to bleed off into the formation. This causes the fracture to close and apply pressure on the propping pellets which resist further closure of the fracture.
- In addition, the spherical, sintered pellets of the present invention are useful as grinding media. When used as grinding media, the pellets are nearly white or pale tan in color, a desirable property for media used in mineral grinding or other types of grinding where color of the ground product is a critical quality parameter. When the spherical, sintered pellets of the present invention eventually wear during use, they do not produce discoloration in the product as is found with metal media or dark-colored ceramic media.
- The foregoing description and embodiments are intended to illustrate the invention without limiting it thereby. It will be understood that various modifications can be made in the invention without departing from the spirit or scope thereof.
Claims (36)
1. A gas and oil well proppant comprising a plurality of sintered, spherical pellets, said pellets being prepared from a composition comprising alumina fines and at least one of clay and bauxite.
2. The proppant of claim 1 wherein the composition further comprises at least one sintering aid.
3. The proppant of claim 2 , wherein the at least one sintering aid is selected from the group consisting of iron oxide, zinc oxide, bentonite clay, feldspar, nepheline syenite, talc, titanium oxide, lithium carbonate, sodium oxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicates, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, manganese oxide, boric acid, boron carbide, aluminum diboride, boron nitride and boron phosphide.
4. The proppant of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises from about 10 to about 75 percent by weight of alumina fines, from about 20 to about 90 percent by weight of at least one of clay and bauxite, and from about 0.1 to about 15 percent by weight of the at least one sintering aid.
5. The proppant of claim 4 , wherein the composition comprises from about 40 to about 75 percent by weight of alumina fines, from about 20 to about 60 percent by weight clay and from about 0.1 to about 15 percent by weight of at least one sintering aid.
6. The proppant of claim 5 , wherein the composition comprises kaolin clay.
7. The proppant of claim 6 , wherein the composition comprises calcined kaolin clay.
8. The proppant of claim 4 , wherein the composition comprises from about 10 to about 75 percent by weight of alumina fines, from about 20 to about 90 percent by weight of bauxite, and from about 0.1 to about 15 percent by weight of the at least one sintering aid.
9. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises 58 percent by weight of alumina fines and 42 percent by weight of clay.
10. The proppant of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises 64 percent by weight of alumina fines, 28 percent by weight of clay and 8 percent by weight of the at least one sintering aid.
11. The proppant of claim 10 , wherein the at least one sintering aid comprises iron oxide.
12. The proppant of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises 36 percent by weight of alumina fines, 63 percent by weight of bauxite and 1 percent by weight of the at least one sintering aid.
13. The proppant of claim 12 , wherein the at least one sintering aid comprises zinc oxide.
14. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises 20 percent by weight of alumina fines and 80 percent by weight of bauxite.
15. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises kaolin clay.
16. The proppant of claim 15 , wherein the composition comprises calcined kaolin clay.
17. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the pellets have an apparent specific gravity of from about 2.70 to about 3.75.
18. The proppant of claim 1 , wherein the pellets have a bulk density of from about 1.35 to about 2.15 g/cm3.
19. A method of fracturing a subterranean formation located at a depth of up to about 20,000 feet, comprising:
injecting a hydraulic fluid into the formation at a rate and pressure sufficient to open a fracture therein, and
injecting into the fracture a fluid containing sintered, spherical pellets, the pellets being prepared from a composition comprising alumina fines and at least one of clay and bauxite.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the composition further comprises at least one sintering aid.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the at least one sintering aid is selected from the group consisting of iron oxide, zinc oxide, bentonite clay, feldspar, nepheline syenite, talc, titanium oxide, lithium carbonate, sodium oxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicates, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, manganese oxide, boric acid, boron carbide, aluminum diboride, boron nitride and boron phosphide
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the composition comprises from about 10 to about 75 percent by weight of alumina fines, from about 20 to about 90 percent by weight of at least one of clay and bauxite, and from about 0.1 to about 15 percent by weight of the at least one sintering aid.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the composition comprises from about 40 to about 75 percent by weight of alumina fines, from about 20 to about 60 percent by weight clay and from about 0.1 to about 15 percent by weight of at least one sintering aid.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the composition comprises kaolin clay.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the composition comprises calcined kaolin clay.
26. The method of claim 22 , wherein the composition comprises from about 10 to about 75 percent by weight of alumina fines, from about 20 to about 90 percent by weight of bauxite, and from about 0.1 to about 15 percent by weight of the at least one sintering aid.
27. The method of claim 19 , wherein the composition comprises 58 percent by weight of alumina fines and 42 percent by weight of clay.
28. The method of claim 20 , wherein the composition comprises 64 percent by weight of alumina fines, 28 percent by weight of clay and 8 percent by weight of the at least one sintering aid.
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the at least one sintering aid comprises iron oxide.
30. The method of claim 20 , wherein the composition comprises 36 percent by weight of alumina fines, 63 percent by weight of bauxite and 1 percent by weight of the at least one sintering aid.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the at least one sintering aid comprises zinc oxide.
32. The method of claim 19 , wherein the composition comprises 20 percent by weight of alumina fines and 80 percent by weight of bauxite.
33. The method of claim 19 , wherein the composition comprises kaolin clay.
34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the composition comprises calcined kaolin clay.
35. The method of claim 19 , wherein the pellets have an apparent specific gravity of from about 2.70 to about 3.75.
36. The method of claim 19 , wherein the pellets have a bulk density of from about 1.35 to about 2.15 g/cm3.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/226,476 US20060081371A1 (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2005-09-14 | Sintered spherical pellets |
US12/123,189 US7678723B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2008-05-19 | Sintered spherical pellets |
US12/692,779 US7825053B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2010-01-25 | Sintered spherical pellets |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US60977804P | 2004-09-14 | 2004-09-14 | |
US11/226,476 US20060081371A1 (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2005-09-14 | Sintered spherical pellets |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/123,189 Division US7678723B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2008-05-19 | Sintered spherical pellets |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060081371A1 true US20060081371A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
Family
ID=36060720
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/226,476 Abandoned US20060081371A1 (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2005-09-14 | Sintered spherical pellets |
US12/123,189 Expired - Fee Related US7678723B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2008-05-19 | Sintered spherical pellets |
US12/692,779 Expired - Fee Related US7825053B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2010-01-25 | Sintered spherical pellets |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/123,189 Expired - Fee Related US7678723B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2008-05-19 | Sintered spherical pellets |
US12/692,779 Expired - Fee Related US7825053B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2010-01-25 | Sintered spherical pellets |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20060081371A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1799962A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008513553A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101023243A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2005284787A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0515304A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2577998A1 (en) |
EA (1) | EA012824B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2007002646A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20071404L (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006032008A2 (en) |
Cited By (47)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060177661A1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2006-08-10 | Smith Russell J | Composition and method for making a proppant |
US20060219600A1 (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2006-10-05 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Methods for producing sintered particles from a slurry of an alumina-containing raw material |
US20070059528A1 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2007-03-15 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Low resin demand foundry media |
US20070062699A1 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-22 | Alary Jean A | Electrofused proppant, method of manufacture, and method of use |
US20070166541A1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2007-07-19 | Smith Russell J | Composition and method for making a proppant |
US20080011190A1 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-01-17 | Unimin Corporation | Ultra fine nepheline syenite powder and products for using same |
US20080015104A1 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-01-17 | Unimin Corporation | Ultrafine nepheline syenite |
US20080040980A1 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-02-21 | Unimin Corporation | Method of processing nepheline syenite |
WO2008028074A2 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Low bulk density proppant and methods for producing the same |
US20080066910A1 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-20 | Jean Andre Alary | Rod-shaped proppant and anti-flowback additive, method of manufacture, and method of use |
WO2008069815A1 (en) * | 2006-12-06 | 2008-06-12 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Low resin demand foundry media |
US20080135246A1 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2008-06-12 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Sintered spherical pellets useful for gas and oil well proppants |
US20080182765A1 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-31 | Elena Mikhailovna Pershikova | Aluminum Silicate Proppants, Proppant Production And Application Methods |
US20080194431A1 (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2008-08-14 | Diankui Fu | Crosslinked Polymer Solutions and Methods of Use |
US20080207431A1 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2008-08-28 | Aquasol Corporation | Method for improving the manufacture of structural clay products |
US20080220996A1 (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2008-09-11 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Sintered spherical pellets |
US20080241540A1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2008-10-02 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Method for producing solid ceramic particles using a spray drying process |
US20090008093A1 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-08 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Proppants for gel clean-up |
US20090013905A1 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2009-01-15 | Unimin Corporation | Nepheline syenite powder with controlled particle size and novel method of making same |
US20090118145A1 (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2009-05-07 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Method for producing proppant using a dopant |
US20090155565A1 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2009-06-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Stretchable, hand-tearable, conformable, and cinchable reinforced adhesive tape articles |
US20090206525A1 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2009-08-20 | Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited | Method for Producing Porous Silica Ceramic Material |
US20090260541A1 (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2009-10-22 | Kragten David D | Powder formed from mineral or rock material with controlled particle size distribution for thermal films |
US20100071901A1 (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2010-03-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Sintered proppant made with a raw material containing alkaline earth equivalent |
US20100087341A1 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2010-04-08 | Imerys | Method of manufacturing and using rod-shaped proppants and anti-flowback additives |
US20100105579A1 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2010-04-29 | Elena Mikhailovna Pershikova | Proppant, proppant production method and use of proppant |
US7828998B2 (en) | 2006-07-11 | 2010-11-09 | Carbo Ceramics, Inc. | Material having a controlled microstructure, core-shell macrostructure, and method for its fabrication |
US7867613B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2011-01-11 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition and method for making a proppant |
US20110046267A1 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2011-02-24 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Alumina powder, process for its production and resin composition employing it |
US20110111990A1 (en) * | 2008-04-28 | 2011-05-12 | Elena Mikhailovna Pershikova | Strong low density ceramics |
US20110163192A1 (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2011-07-07 | Unimin Corporation | Method of processing nepheline syenite powder to produce an ultra-fine grain size product |
US20110195877A1 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2011-08-11 | Adderson Thomas J | Crystalline ceramic particles |
DE102010007176A1 (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-11 | Polysius AG, 59269 | Method for producing a refractory material from bauxite |
US8012533B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2011-09-06 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition and method for making a proppant |
US8178476B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2012-05-15 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Proppant having a glass-ceramic material |
WO2012134667A1 (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-10-04 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Sintered particles and methods for producing sintered particles from a slurry of an alumina-containing raw material |
US20120277130A1 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2012-11-01 | Zinaida Yurievna Usova | Hydraulic Fracturing Proppant Containing Inorganic Fibers |
DE212013000085U1 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2014-11-05 | Unimin Corporation | Mineral fillers for use as replacements for wood fillers in imitation wood products and imitation wood products containing them |
CN104130764A (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2014-11-05 | 郑州市润宝耐火材料有限公司 | Additive for fracturing propping agent, fracturing propping agent and preparation method |
CN104560006A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-29 | 太原科技大学 | Process for preparing ceramsite proppant by using magnesium slag and ceramsite proppant |
US9033040B2 (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2015-05-19 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Use of composite of lightweight hollow core having adhered or embedded cement in cementing a well |
US20150166880A1 (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2015-06-18 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Proppant Particles Formed from Slurry Droplets and Methods of Use |
US20160017214A1 (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2016-01-21 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Proppant particles formed from slurry droplets and methods of use |
US20180244983A1 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-08-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Proppant aggregate particulates for use in subterranean formation operations |
CN112412430A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-02-26 | 西安交通大学 | System and method for underground in-situ pyrolysis of coal |
US11053432B2 (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2021-07-06 | First Bauxite Llc | Ultra high strength proppant and method of preparing the same |
CN114133223A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-03-04 | 山东理工大学 | Energy-saving and environment-friendly low-cost ceramsite proppant and preparation method thereof |
Families Citing this family (41)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4967739B2 (en) * | 2007-02-21 | 2012-07-04 | 株式会社ヨータイ | Ceramic electronic parts (hereinafter referred to as electronic parts) firing tool materials |
RU2421498C2 (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2011-06-20 | Сэнт-Гобэн Керамикс Энд Пластикс, Инк. | High-strength ceramic elements and production method and use thereof |
RU2346910C1 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2009-02-20 | Шлюмбергер Текнолоджи Б.В. | Low density ceramic proppant and method of preparation thereof |
FR2925378B1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2012-06-15 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | PARTICLES OF PUNCHING. |
AU2008343125A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-09 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Conductivity enhancing structures for use with proppants in oil and gas wells |
US9276267B2 (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2016-03-01 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Low-temperature bonding of refractory ceramic layers |
US9458710B2 (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2016-10-04 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Hydraulic fracturing system |
CN101838530B (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2013-02-06 | 郑州德赛尔陶粒有限公司 | Low-density high-strength ceramic granule propping agent and preparation method thereof |
CN102002356B (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2013-01-02 | 徐益民 | Petroleum propping agent with ultra-low density and high strength |
CN101851087B (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2012-11-14 | 长安大学 | Method for preparing ceramsite petroleum propping agent |
US9233874B2 (en) | 2010-07-21 | 2016-01-12 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Cement compositions with a high-density additive of silicon carbide or sintered bauxite |
JP5659883B2 (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2015-01-28 | 株式会社Lixil | Humidity control building material and manufacturing method thereof |
US8883693B2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2014-11-11 | Carbo Ceramics, Inc. | Proppant particles formed from slurry droplets and method of use |
US8865631B2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2014-10-21 | Carbo Ceramics, Inc. | Proppant particles formed from slurry droplets and method of use |
US9175210B2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2015-11-03 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Proppant particles formed from slurry droplets and method of use |
CN102516977B (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2013-12-25 | 三门峡方圆实业股份有限公司 | Low-density ceramic proppant and preparation method thereof |
US8772207B2 (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-07-08 | Brownwood Clay Holdings, Llc | Spherical pellets containing common clay particulate material useful as a proppant in hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells |
US9896918B2 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2018-02-20 | Mbl Water Partners, Llc | Use of ionized water in hydraulic fracturing |
US8424784B1 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2013-04-23 | MBJ Water Partners | Fracture water treatment method and system |
CN102952537B (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2015-04-29 | 宜兴市腾飞陶粒制造有限公司 | Medium-density ceramsite proppant and preparation method thereof |
CN102899016B (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2015-04-01 | 宜兴市腾飞陶粒制造有限公司 | High strength ceramsite proppant prepared from novel fluxing agent and preparation method thereof |
CN103044055A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-04-17 | 青岛中科英泰商用系统有限公司 | Ceramic composition |
CN103172349B (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2016-08-24 | 杨松 | Utilize proppant prepared by the mine tailing of magnesium ore deposit and iron mine and preparation method thereof |
CN103193461B (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2016-09-21 | 杨松 | Utilize proppant prepared by the mine tailing of magnesium ore deposit, boron rock and iron mine and preparation method thereof |
CN103289673B (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2015-05-20 | 贵州聚能达石油压裂支撑剂有限公司 | High-density and high-strength ceramic proppant and preparation method thereof |
CN103242819B (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2016-06-01 | 三门峡方圆实业股份有限公司 | A kind of Ultrahigh-density ceramsite proppant and its preparation method |
US9797212B2 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2017-10-24 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method of treating subterranean formation using shrinkable fibers |
CN105439548B (en) * | 2014-08-07 | 2019-01-11 | 沈阳利盟生态新材料有限公司 | A kind of breathing brick and preparation method containing ceramic polished waste residue |
CN104293337A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-21 | 安东新材料(遂宁)有限公司 | Special ceramsite for shale gas and preparation method of special ceramsite |
EP3359505A1 (en) * | 2015-10-05 | 2018-08-15 | ZaaK Technologies GmbH | Sintered spheres, process for their production and use thereof |
CN105618738A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-06-01 | 成都创源油气技术开发有限公司 | Method for manufacturing soluble tripping ball used for staged fracturing of shale gas well |
US11427507B2 (en) | 2016-12-31 | 2022-08-30 | Certainteed Llc | Mineral roofing granules and methods for making them |
CN108046756B (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2021-03-30 | 李华彬 | Method for preparing fracturing ceramsite proppant by utilizing vanadium titano-magnetite pre-concentration tailings |
US11492541B2 (en) | 2019-07-24 | 2022-11-08 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Organic salts of oxidizing anions as energetic materials |
WO2021016515A1 (en) | 2019-07-24 | 2021-01-28 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Oxidizing gasses for carbon dioxide-based fracturing fluids |
CN111073627A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-28 | 西南石油大学 | Lightweight porous proppant, preparation method and application thereof |
US11352548B2 (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2022-06-07 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Viscoelastic-surfactant treatment fluids having oxidizer |
WO2021138355A1 (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-08 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Viscoelastic-surfactant fracturing fluids having oxidizer |
US11578263B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 | 2023-02-14 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Ceramic-coated proppant |
US11542815B2 (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2023-01-03 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Determining effect of oxidative hydraulic fracturing |
CN114456797A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-10 | 河南天祥新材料股份有限公司 | Ceramic tracing proppant |
Citations (92)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1942431A (en) * | 1934-01-09 | Refractory brick and process of | ||
US2566117A (en) * | 1947-06-14 | 1951-08-28 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Refractory heat transfer bodies and process of manufacture |
US2699212A (en) * | 1948-09-01 | 1955-01-11 | Newton B Dismukes | Method of forming passageways extending from well bores |
US2950247A (en) * | 1957-05-16 | 1960-08-23 | Atlantic Refining Co | Increasing permeability of subsurface formations |
US3026938A (en) * | 1958-09-02 | 1962-03-27 | Gulf Research Development Co | Propping agent for a fracturing process |
US3075581A (en) * | 1960-06-13 | 1963-01-29 | Atlantic Retining Company | Increasing permeability of subsurface formations |
US3079243A (en) * | 1959-10-19 | 1963-02-26 | Norton Co | Abrasive grain |
US3126056A (en) * | 1964-03-24 | Hydraulic fracturing of earth formations | ||
US3242032A (en) * | 1961-11-24 | 1966-03-22 | Charles W Schott | Glass spheres and underground proppants and methods of making the same |
US3241613A (en) * | 1962-02-19 | 1966-03-22 | Atlantic Refining Co | Shutting off water in vertical fractures |
US3245866A (en) * | 1961-11-24 | 1966-04-12 | Charles W Schott | Vitreous spheres of slag and slag-like materials and underground propplants |
US3347798A (en) * | 1963-06-14 | 1967-10-17 | Basf Ag | Production of catalysts or catalyst carriers in the form of hollow beads |
US3350482A (en) * | 1962-04-18 | 1967-10-31 | Sun Oil Co | Method of producing spherical solids |
US3437148A (en) * | 1967-01-06 | 1969-04-08 | Union Carbide Corp | Method and article for increasing the permeability of earth formations |
US3486706A (en) * | 1967-02-10 | 1969-12-30 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Ceramic grinding media |
US3491492A (en) * | 1968-01-15 | 1970-01-27 | Us Industries Inc | Method of making alumina abrasive grains |
US3497008A (en) * | 1968-03-05 | 1970-02-24 | Exxon Production Research Co | Method of propping fractures with ceramic particles |
US3598373A (en) * | 1970-03-26 | 1971-08-10 | Coors Porcelanin Co | Method and apparatus for making small ceramic spheres |
US3690622A (en) * | 1969-02-28 | 1972-09-12 | Pia Beatrice Brunner Rohrer | Processing and mixing machine |
US3758318A (en) * | 1971-03-29 | 1973-09-11 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Production of mullite refractory |
US3810768A (en) * | 1972-04-06 | 1974-05-14 | Chicago Fire Brick Co | Refractory composition comprising coarse particles of clay or bauxite and carbon |
US3856441A (en) * | 1970-10-30 | 1974-12-24 | Ube Industries | Apparatus for pelletizing powdered solid substance in a fluidized bed |
US3890072A (en) * | 1973-09-04 | 1975-06-17 | Norton Co | Apparatus for forming solid spherical pellets |
US3976138A (en) * | 1974-08-01 | 1976-08-24 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method of increasing permeability in subsurface earth formation |
US4051603A (en) * | 1973-07-02 | 1977-10-04 | Struthers Scientific And International Corporation | Fluidized bed apparatus |
US4053375A (en) * | 1976-07-16 | 1977-10-11 | Dorr-Oliver Incorporated | Process for recovery of alumina-cryolite waste in aluminum production |
US4052794A (en) * | 1971-06-18 | 1977-10-11 | Struthers Scientific And International Corporation | Fluidized bed process |
US4068718A (en) * | 1975-09-26 | 1978-01-17 | Exxon Production Research Company | Hydraulic fracturing method using sintered bauxite propping agent |
US4072193A (en) * | 1975-03-19 | 1978-02-07 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Propping agent and method of propping open fractures in the walls of a bored well |
US4077908A (en) * | 1974-12-27 | 1978-03-07 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Production of material consisting of solid hollow spheroids |
US4104342A (en) * | 1971-08-31 | 1978-08-01 | Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft | Method for making metal powder of low oxygen content |
US4140773A (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1979-02-20 | Continental Oil Company | Production of high pore volume alumina spheres |
US4268311A (en) * | 1979-11-01 | 1981-05-19 | Anchor Hocking Corporation | High strength cordierite ceramic |
US4296051A (en) * | 1978-10-23 | 1981-10-20 | Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Method of producing granular sodium dichloroisocyanurate |
US4303204A (en) * | 1976-10-28 | 1981-12-01 | Reynolds Metals Company | Upgrading of bauxites, bauxitic clays, and aluminum mineral bearing clays |
US4343751A (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1982-08-10 | Lowe's, Inc. | Clay agglomeration process |
US4371481A (en) * | 1979-02-06 | 1983-02-01 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Iron-containing refractory balls for retorting oil shale |
US4396595A (en) * | 1982-02-08 | 1983-08-02 | North American Philips Electric Corp. | Method of enhancing the optical transmissivity of polycrystalline alumina bodies, and article produced by such method |
US4407967A (en) * | 1979-08-16 | 1983-10-04 | Frenchtown American Corp. | Method for producing spheroidal ceramics |
US4427068A (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1984-01-24 | Kennecott Corporation | Sintered spherical pellets containing clay as a major component useful for gas and oil well proppants |
US4439489A (en) * | 1982-02-16 | 1984-03-27 | Acme Resin Corporation | Particles covered with a cured infusible thermoset film and process for their production |
US4440866A (en) * | 1980-07-07 | 1984-04-03 | A/S Niro Atomizer | Process for the production of sintered bauxite spheres |
US4442897A (en) * | 1980-05-23 | 1984-04-17 | Standard Oil Company | Formation fracturing method |
US4450184A (en) * | 1982-02-16 | 1984-05-22 | Metco Incorporated | Hollow sphere ceramic particles for abradable coatings |
US4462466A (en) * | 1982-03-29 | 1984-07-31 | Kachnik Joseph E | Method of propping fractures in subterranean formations |
US4493875A (en) * | 1983-12-09 | 1985-01-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Proppant for well fractures and method of making same |
US4521475A (en) * | 1983-04-01 | 1985-06-04 | Riccio Louis M | Method and apparatus for applying metal cladding on surfaces and products formed thereby |
US4522731A (en) * | 1982-10-28 | 1985-06-11 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Hydraulic fracturing propping agent |
US4547468A (en) * | 1981-08-10 | 1985-10-15 | Terra Tek, Inc. | Hollow proppants and a process for their manufacture |
US4555493A (en) * | 1983-12-07 | 1985-11-26 | Reynolds Metals Company | Aluminosilicate ceramic proppant for gas and oil well fracturing and method of forming same |
US4618504A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1986-10-21 | Bosna Alexander A | Method and apparatus for applying metal cladding on surfaces and products formed thereby |
US4623630A (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1986-11-18 | Standard Oil Proppants Company | Use of uncalcined/partially calcined ingredients in the manufacture of sintered pellets useful for gas and oil well proppants |
US4632876A (en) * | 1985-06-12 | 1986-12-30 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Ceramic spheroids having low density and high crush resistance |
US4639427A (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1987-01-27 | Norton Company | Stress-corrosion resistant proppant for oil and gas wells |
US4652411A (en) * | 1984-05-23 | 1987-03-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method of preparing thin porous sheets of ceramic material |
US4654266A (en) * | 1985-12-24 | 1987-03-31 | Kachnik Joseph L | Durable, high-strength proppant and method for forming same |
US4658899A (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1987-04-21 | Standard Oil Proppants Company, L.P. | Use of uncalcined/partially calcined ingredients in the manufacture of sintered pellets useful for gas and oil well proppants |
US4668645A (en) * | 1984-07-05 | 1987-05-26 | Arup Khaund | Sintered low density gas and oil well proppants from a low cost unblended clay material of selected composition |
US4680230A (en) * | 1984-01-18 | 1987-07-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Particulate ceramic useful as a proppant |
US4713203A (en) * | 1985-05-23 | 1987-12-15 | Comalco Aluminium Limited | Bauxite proppant |
US4714623A (en) * | 1985-02-28 | 1987-12-22 | Riccio Louis M | Method and apparatus for applying metal cladding on surfaces and products formed thereby |
US4744831A (en) * | 1984-07-30 | 1988-05-17 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Hollow inorganic spheres and methods for making such spheres |
US4879181A (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1989-11-07 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Sintered spherical pellets containing clay as a major component useful for gas and oil well proppants |
US4894285A (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1990-01-16 | Fitzgibbob Jeremiah J | Sintered spherical pellets containing clay as a major component useful for gas and oil well proppants |
US4911987A (en) * | 1986-09-24 | 1990-03-27 | National Research Institute For Metals | Metal/ceramic or ceramic/ceramic bonded structure |
US4921820A (en) * | 1989-01-17 | 1990-05-01 | Norton-Alcoa Proppants | Lightweight proppant for oil and gas wells and methods for making and using same |
US4921821A (en) * | 1988-08-02 | 1990-05-01 | Norton-Alcoa Proppants | Lightweight oil and gas well proppants and methods for making and using same |
US5030603A (en) * | 1988-08-02 | 1991-07-09 | Norton-Alcoa | Lightweight oil and gas well proppants |
US5120455A (en) * | 1982-10-28 | 1992-06-09 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Hydraulic fracturing propping agent |
US5175133A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1992-12-29 | Comalco Aluminium Limited | Ceramic microspheres |
US5188175A (en) * | 1989-08-14 | 1993-02-23 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Method of fracturing a subterranean formation with a lightweight propping agent |
US5964291A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1999-10-12 | Aea Technology Plc | Well treatment |
US5972835A (en) * | 1995-09-13 | 1999-10-26 | Research Triangle Institute | Fluidizable particulate materials and methods of making same |
US6059034A (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2000-05-09 | Bj Services Company | Formation treatment method using deformable particles |
US6074754A (en) * | 1996-11-14 | 2000-06-13 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Spherical pigments, process for producing them and use thereof |
US6080232A (en) * | 1996-11-14 | 2000-06-27 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Spherical color pigments, process for their production and use thereof |
US6217646B1 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2001-04-17 | Daubois Inc. | Sculptable and breathable wall coating mortar compound |
US6330916B1 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2001-12-18 | Bj Services Company | Formation treatment method using deformable particles |
US6364018B1 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2002-04-02 | Bj Services Company | Lightweight methods and compositions for well treating |
US6372678B1 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-04-16 | Fairmount Minerals, Ltd | Proppant composition for gas and oil well fracturing |
US6503676B2 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2003-01-07 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Toner, external additive therefor and image forming method using the toner |
US6632527B1 (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2003-10-14 | Borden Chemical, Inc. | Composite proppant, composite filtration media and methods for making and using same |
US20040040708A1 (en) * | 2002-09-03 | 2004-03-04 | Stephenson Christopher John | Method of treating subterranean formations with porous ceramic particulate materials |
US6725930B2 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2004-04-27 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Conductive proppant and method of hydraulic fracturing using the same |
US6743269B2 (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2004-06-01 | Degussa Ag | Granules based on pyrogenically produced aluminium oxide, process for the production thereof and use thereof |
US6749025B1 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2004-06-15 | Bj Services Company | Lightweight methods and compositions for sand control |
US6753299B2 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2004-06-22 | Badger Mining Corporation | Composite silica proppant material |
US6772838B2 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2004-08-10 | Bj Services Company | Lightweight particulate materials and uses therefor |
US6780804B2 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-08-24 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Extended particle size distribution ceramic fracturing proppant |
US20050028979A1 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2005-02-10 | Brannon Harold Dean | Methods and compositions of a storable relatively lightweight proppant slurry for hydraulic fracturing and gravel packing applications |
US20050244641A1 (en) * | 2004-04-12 | 2005-11-03 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Coating and/or treating hydraulic fracturing proppants to improve wettability, proppant lubrication, and/or to reduce damage by fracturing fluids and reservoir fluids |
US20060006589A1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-01-12 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Method for producing solid ceramic particles using a spray drying process |
Family Cites Families (123)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2799074A (en) | 1957-07-16 | qarloni | ||
GB578424A (en) | 1943-05-13 | 1946-06-27 | Gen Motors Corp | Improved method of making ceramic materials intended more particularly as insulators for spark plugs |
US2586818A (en) | 1947-08-21 | 1952-02-26 | Harms Viggo | Progressive classifying or treating solids in a fluidized bed thereof |
GB715882A (en) | 1950-04-21 | 1954-09-22 | Ici Ltd | Improvements in and relating to refractory bodies adapted for use as heat transfer media and/or as supports for catalytic materials |
US2966457A (en) | 1956-05-08 | 1960-12-27 | Swift & Co | Gelled fracturing fluids |
GB886342A (en) | 1957-08-13 | 1962-01-03 | United States Steel Corp | Refractory body and method of manufacture thereof |
BE630290A (en) | 1962-03-28 | |||
BE634464A (en) | 1962-07-03 | |||
US3399727A (en) | 1966-09-16 | 1968-09-03 | Exxon Production Research Co | Method for propping a fracture |
US3663165A (en) | 1970-02-09 | 1972-05-16 | Engelhard Min & Chem | Zeolitic catalyst and preparation |
GB1421531A (en) | 1971-12-15 | 1976-01-21 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Separation of molecules and materials therefor |
DK131326C (en) | 1971-12-29 | 1976-01-05 | Niro Atomizer As | PROCEDURE FOR PRODUCING A ROUGH-GRAIN PRODUCT WITH RELATIVELY HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT |
US4166147A (en) | 1973-04-16 | 1979-08-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Shaped and fired articles of tio2 |
US3939246A (en) | 1974-03-29 | 1976-02-17 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Manufacture of crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites |
US4061596A (en) | 1974-12-02 | 1977-12-06 | Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd. | Process for preparing titanium oxide shaped carrier |
GB1541928A (en) | 1975-12-23 | 1979-03-14 | Sakai Chemical Industry Co | Production of shaped catalysts or carriers comprising titanium oxide |
US4195010A (en) | 1977-07-06 | 1980-03-25 | Burns & Russell Company of Baltimore City | Ceramic coated quartz particles |
US4191720A (en) | 1977-10-06 | 1980-03-04 | General Electric Company | Method for making porous, crushable core having an integral outer barrier layer |
US4185010A (en) * | 1978-12-12 | 1980-01-22 | American Home Products Corporation | Nonapeptides |
CA1117987A (en) | 1978-12-13 | 1982-02-09 | Robert J. Seider | Sintered high density spherical ceramic pellets for gas and oil well proppants and their process of manufacture |
GB2079261B (en) | 1980-07-07 | 1983-06-08 | Niro Atomizer As | Process for the production of sintered bauxite spheres |
DK155781C (en) | 1982-01-07 | 1989-10-09 | Niro Atomizer As | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING SINTERED TASTING BULBS OF BAUXITE OR BAUXIT SUBSTANCED BERGART, AND MEANS OF EXERCISING THE PROCEDURE |
US4732920A (en) | 1981-08-20 | 1988-03-22 | Graham John W | High strength particulates |
AU551409B2 (en) | 1982-01-07 | 1986-05-01 | A/S Niro Atomizer | High strength propping agent |
AU547407B2 (en) | 1982-07-23 | 1985-10-17 | Norton Co. | Low density proppant for oil and gas wells |
CA1217319A (en) | 1983-02-07 | 1987-02-03 | Arup K. Khaund | Low density proppant |
DD242325A3 (en) | 1983-05-27 | 1987-01-28 | Reiner Kinder | METHOD FOR PRODUCING HIGH-POROUS MINERAL KOERPERS WITH POLYFORMER STRUCTURE |
CA1228226A (en) | 1984-07-05 | 1987-10-20 | Arup K. Khaund | Sintered low density gas and oil well proppants from a low cost unblended clay material of selected compositions |
US4601997A (en) | 1984-12-14 | 1986-07-22 | Engelhard Corporation | Porous mullite |
US5654246A (en) | 1985-02-04 | 1997-08-05 | Lanxide Technology Company, Lp | Methods of making composite ceramic articles having embedded filler |
US4840729A (en) | 1987-01-02 | 1989-06-20 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Oil spill recovery apparatus |
GB8711005D0 (en) | 1987-05-09 | 1987-06-10 | British Petroleum Co Plc | Chemical process |
ES2029297T3 (en) | 1988-05-13 | 1992-08-01 | Sarea A.G. | USE OF A COMPOSITION FOR THE TREATMENT OF SOIL SURFACES. |
US4993491A (en) | 1989-04-24 | 1991-02-19 | Amoco Corporation | Fracture stimulation of coal degasification wells |
DE59002167D1 (en) * | 1989-06-10 | 1993-09-09 | H C Strack Gmbh & Co Kg | METHOD FOR PRODUCING Sintered Microcrystalline ALPHA-AL2O3 BODY AND USE THEREOF. |
US5266243A (en) | 1992-07-16 | 1993-11-30 | Kneller James F | Method for preparing a ceramic oxide material |
RU2014281C1 (en) | 1992-09-02 | 1994-06-15 | Симановский Борис Абрамович | Method and charge for granule production |
US5422183A (en) | 1993-06-01 | 1995-06-06 | Santrol, Inc. | Composite and reinforced coatings on proppants and particles |
RU2079471C1 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 1997-05-20 | Акционерное общество открытого типа "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Refractory mortar powder |
FR2732328B1 (en) | 1995-03-29 | 1997-06-20 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | NOVEL PROCESS FOR PREPARING PRECIPITATED SILICA, NOVEL PRECIPITATED SILICA CONTAINING ALUMINUM AND THEIR USE FOR REINFORCING ELASTOMERS |
RU2083528C1 (en) | 1994-10-11 | 1997-07-10 | Акционерное общество открытого типа "Боровический комбинат огнеупоров" | Light-weight refractory material, and process for manufacturing thereof |
RU2090537C1 (en) | 1995-01-27 | 1997-09-20 | Акционерное общество открытого типа "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Blend for manufacturing discontinuous grain size composition |
RU2147564C1 (en) | 1995-02-13 | 2000-04-20 | Бердичевский Иосиф Моисеевич | Refractory ceramic material |
US5656568A (en) | 1995-08-11 | 1997-08-12 | Advanced Minerals Corporation | Highly purified biogenic silica product |
US6528157B1 (en) | 1995-11-01 | 2003-03-04 | Borden Chemical, Inc. | Proppants with fiber reinforced resin coatings |
RU2098387C1 (en) | 1995-11-24 | 1997-12-10 | Акционерное общество открытого типа "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Mixture for manufacture of refractory materials with noncontinuous granular composition |
RU2107674C1 (en) | 1995-11-27 | 1998-03-27 | Акционерное общество открытого типа "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Charge for manufacturing refractory materials with discontinuous grainy composition |
RU2112761C1 (en) | 1995-11-27 | 1998-06-10 | Акционерное общество открытого типа "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Charge for manufacturing refractory materials with distinct grain composition |
RU2098618C1 (en) | 1995-12-27 | 1997-12-10 | Татьяна Николаевна Жаркова | Method for production of propping agent |
US5985312A (en) | 1996-01-26 | 1999-11-16 | Brown University Research Foundation | Methods and compositions for enhancing the bioadhesive properties of polymers |
US5649596A (en) | 1996-02-27 | 1997-07-22 | Nalco/Exxon Energy Chemicals, L.P. | Use of breaker chemicals in gelled hydrocarbons |
JP3193294B2 (en) | 1996-05-24 | 2001-07-30 | 財団法人ファインセラミックスセンター | Composite ceramic powder, method for producing the same, electrode for solid oxide fuel cell, and method for producing the same |
RU2112189C1 (en) | 1996-05-27 | 1998-05-27 | Акционерное общество открытого типа "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | High-temperature rotary muffle furnace with combined lining |
RU2121988C1 (en) | 1996-10-18 | 1998-11-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Refractory material |
US20060147369A1 (en) | 1997-07-21 | 2006-07-06 | Neophotonics Corporation | Nanoparticle production and corresponding structures |
RU2133716C1 (en) | 1997-11-10 | 1999-07-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Method for producing high-strength spherical ceramic pellets |
RU2129987C1 (en) | 1998-01-09 | 1999-05-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Method of processing alumino-silicon crude |
US6582819B2 (en) | 1998-07-22 | 2003-06-24 | Borden Chemical, Inc. | Low density composite proppant, filtration media, gravel packing media, and sports field media, and methods for making and using same |
RU2150442C1 (en) | 1998-08-31 | 2000-06-10 | Сибирский химический комбинат | Ceramic compound |
RU2151124C1 (en) | 1998-10-02 | 2000-06-20 | ОАО "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Carbon-containing refractory material |
RU2140874C1 (en) | 1998-10-02 | 1999-11-10 | ОАО "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Method of processing of alumosilicon raw materials |
RU2151987C1 (en) | 1998-10-02 | 2000-06-27 | ОАО "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Direct-current plasma-arc furnace for melting oxide materials |
RU2168484C2 (en) | 1998-10-02 | 2001-06-10 | ОАО "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Method of preparing modifying additive |
RU2140875C1 (en) | 1998-10-02 | 1999-11-10 | ОАО "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Aluminosilicate mixture for production of granules |
RU2147565C1 (en) | 1998-10-02 | 2000-04-20 | ОАО "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Method of preparing antioxidant |
KR20010078396A (en) | 1998-11-20 | 2001-08-20 | 알프레드 엘. 미첼슨 | Fabrication of low thermal expansion, high strength cordierite structures |
RU2151125C1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2000-06-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Method of preparing refractory compound |
RU2147717C1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2000-04-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Travelling furnace |
RU2155735C1 (en) | 1998-12-10 | 2000-09-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Unburned high-temperature heat-insulating material and method of its production |
RU2154042C1 (en) | 1998-12-10 | 2000-08-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | High-temperature heat-insulation material and method of manufacture thereof |
RU2166079C1 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2001-04-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Уралсервис" | Proppant |
RU2163227C1 (en) | 2000-07-11 | 2001-02-20 | Шмотьев Сергей Федорович | Method of manufacturing ceramic products from aluminum slags |
RU2183739C2 (en) | 2000-07-12 | 2002-06-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ТюменНИИгипрогаз" | Method of hydraulic fracturing of formation |
RU2180397C1 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2002-03-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Proppant |
RU2196675C2 (en) | 2000-12-18 | 2003-01-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Боровичский завод "Полимермаш" | Heating device of vulcanizing press |
RU2178924C1 (en) | 2001-04-02 | 2002-01-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Charge for producing material ensuring confinement of nuclear reactor molten corium |
RU2183370C1 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2002-06-10 | ЗАО Индепендент Пауэр Технолоджис "ИПТ" | Fuel cell module and battery built around it |
RU2191167C1 (en) | 2001-04-16 | 2002-10-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Московское машиностроительное производственное предприятие "Салют" | Charge for refractory article making |
RU2198860C2 (en) | 2001-05-18 | 2003-02-20 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Научно-технический центр "Бакор" | Method of manufacturing articles from corundum ceramics |
RU2196889C1 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2003-01-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение Восточный институт огнеупоров" | Proppants and method of their production |
US6766817B2 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2004-07-27 | Tubarc Technologies, Llc | Fluid conduction utilizing a reversible unsaturated siphon with tubarc porosity action |
US7041250B2 (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2006-05-09 | Powdermet, Inc. | Combined liquid phase and activated sintering of refractory metals |
RU2191436C1 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2002-10-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Oxide material of nuclear reactor molten core catcher |
RU2192053C1 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2002-10-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Комплект-Атом-Ижора" | Oxide material of nuclear-reactor molten core catcher |
RU2212719C2 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2003-09-20 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Комплект-Атом-Ижора" | Oxide material of nuclear-reactor molten core catcher |
RU2211198C2 (en) | 2001-11-13 | 2003-08-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Blend for manufacturing refractory high-strength spherical granules and a method for fabrication thereof |
RU2191169C1 (en) | 2001-11-23 | 2002-10-20 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Тригорстроймонтаж" | Charge and method of producing granulated chamotte used as wedging agent |
US6810959B1 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2004-11-02 | Bj Services Company, U.S.A. | Low residue well treatment fluids and methods of use |
RU2229456C2 (en) | 2002-04-02 | 2004-05-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Charge for manufacturing high-strength refractory spherical granules and a method for manufacture thereof |
RU2206930C1 (en) | 2002-04-02 | 2003-06-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Боровичский комбинат огнеупоров" | Method for producing ceramic materials incorporating ferric oxide, alumina, and silicon dioxide for nuclear-reactor molten core trap |
RU2203248C1 (en) | 2002-06-14 | 2003-04-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Тригорстроймонтаж" | Method of manufacturing light-weight high-strength ceramic props |
RU2229458C2 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2004-05-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Свердловский научно-исследовательский институт химического машиностроения" | Method of strengthening and hydrophobization of ceramic granules |
US20040023818A1 (en) | 2002-08-05 | 2004-02-05 | Nguyen Philip D. | Method and product for enhancing the clean-up of hydrocarbon-producing well |
US7244398B2 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2007-07-17 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Device for dispensing a volatile liquid using a wick in an ambient air stream |
US7036591B2 (en) | 2002-10-10 | 2006-05-02 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Low density proppant |
US7285255B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2007-10-23 | Ecolab Inc. | Deodorizing and sanitizing employing a wicking device |
RU2215712C1 (en) | 2003-01-05 | 2003-11-10 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Тригорстроймонтаж" | Blend for manufacturing light-weight high-strength ceramic propping members |
CN1839034A (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2006-09-27 | 氦克逊特种化学品公司 | Particulate material containing thermoplastic elastomer and methods for making and using same |
US7135231B1 (en) | 2003-07-01 | 2006-11-14 | Fairmont Minerals, Ltd. | Process for incremental coating of proppants for hydraulic fracturing and proppants produced therefrom |
US7021379B2 (en) | 2003-07-07 | 2006-04-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods and compositions for enhancing consolidation strength of proppant in subterranean fractures |
US20050028976A1 (en) | 2003-08-05 | 2005-02-10 | Nguyen Philip D. | Compositions and methods for controlling the release of chemicals placed on particulates |
JP2008513553A (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2008-05-01 | カーボ、サラミクス、インク | Sintered spherical pellet |
CN101432132B (en) | 2004-09-20 | 2012-11-28 | 迈图专业化学股份有限公司 | Particles for use as proppants or in gravel packs, methods for making and using the same |
WO2006068764A2 (en) | 2004-12-20 | 2006-06-29 | Celanese International Corporation | Modified support materials for catalysts |
RU2433157C2 (en) | 2005-01-21 | 2011-11-10 | Фэйрмаунт Минералз, Лтд. | Deflecting fluid |
US20060162929A1 (en) | 2005-01-26 | 2006-07-27 | Global Synfrac Inc. | Lightweight proppant and method of making same |
US7867613B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2011-01-11 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition and method for making a proppant |
AR053672A1 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2007-05-16 | Oxane Materials Inc | A COMPOSITION AND METHOD TO MAKE AN ENTIBATOR |
US7491444B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2009-02-17 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition and method for making a proppant |
EP1861210A2 (en) | 2005-03-01 | 2007-12-05 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Methods for producing sintered particles from a slurry of an alumina-containing raw material |
EA006953B1 (en) | 2005-07-27 | 2006-06-30 | Карбо Керамикс Инк. | Proppants, method of their manufacture and use |
US20070023187A1 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-01 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Sintered spherical pellets useful for gas and oil well proppants |
EA200600415A1 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-02-27 | Карбо Керамикс Инк. | PROPPANTS AND METHOD OF THEIR PRODUCTION |
US7569199B1 (en) | 2006-05-10 | 2009-08-04 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Method to remove sulfur or sulfur-containing species from a source |
US7828998B2 (en) | 2006-07-11 | 2010-11-09 | Carbo Ceramics, Inc. | Material having a controlled microstructure, core-shell macrostructure, and method for its fabrication |
US8198505B2 (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2012-06-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Disposable absorbent articles comprising non-biopersistent inorganic vitreous microfibers |
EA008825B1 (en) | 2006-08-15 | 2007-08-31 | Карбо Керамикс Инк. | Proppants and method for producing thereof |
US8063000B2 (en) | 2006-08-30 | 2011-11-22 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Low bulk density proppant and methods for producing the same |
EA201000114A1 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2010-06-30 | Карбо Керамикс Инк. | PROPPANT AND METHOD OF HYDRAULIC PLASTING OF THE PLATE (OPTIONS) |
US8047288B2 (en) | 2007-07-18 | 2011-11-01 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Proppants with carbide and/or nitride phases |
US20090118145A1 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2009-05-07 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Method for producing proppant using a dopant |
US8100177B2 (en) | 2008-02-20 | 2012-01-24 | Carbo Ceramics, Inc. | Method of logging a well using a thermal neutron absorbing material |
US8168570B2 (en) | 2008-05-20 | 2012-05-01 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Method of manufacture and the use of a functional proppant for determination of subterranean fracture geometries |
-
2005
- 2005-09-14 JP JP2007531482A patent/JP2008513553A/en active Pending
- 2005-09-14 AU AU2005284787A patent/AU2005284787A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-09-14 CN CNA2005800306603A patent/CN101023243A/en active Pending
- 2005-09-14 EA EA200700583A patent/EA012824B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-14 BR BRPI0515304-2A patent/BRPI0515304A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-09-14 EP EP05797895A patent/EP1799962A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-09-14 MX MX2007002646A patent/MX2007002646A/en unknown
- 2005-09-14 US US11/226,476 patent/US20060081371A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-09-14 WO PCT/US2005/033092 patent/WO2006032008A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-09-14 CA CA002577998A patent/CA2577998A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-03-15 NO NO20071404A patent/NO20071404L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2008
- 2008-05-19 US US12/123,189 patent/US7678723B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-01-25 US US12/692,779 patent/US7825053B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (96)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1942431A (en) * | 1934-01-09 | Refractory brick and process of | ||
US3126056A (en) * | 1964-03-24 | Hydraulic fracturing of earth formations | ||
US2566117A (en) * | 1947-06-14 | 1951-08-28 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Refractory heat transfer bodies and process of manufacture |
US2699212A (en) * | 1948-09-01 | 1955-01-11 | Newton B Dismukes | Method of forming passageways extending from well bores |
US2950247A (en) * | 1957-05-16 | 1960-08-23 | Atlantic Refining Co | Increasing permeability of subsurface formations |
US3026938A (en) * | 1958-09-02 | 1962-03-27 | Gulf Research Development Co | Propping agent for a fracturing process |
US3079243A (en) * | 1959-10-19 | 1963-02-26 | Norton Co | Abrasive grain |
US3075581A (en) * | 1960-06-13 | 1963-01-29 | Atlantic Retining Company | Increasing permeability of subsurface formations |
US3245866A (en) * | 1961-11-24 | 1966-04-12 | Charles W Schott | Vitreous spheres of slag and slag-like materials and underground propplants |
US3242032A (en) * | 1961-11-24 | 1966-03-22 | Charles W Schott | Glass spheres and underground proppants and methods of making the same |
US3241613A (en) * | 1962-02-19 | 1966-03-22 | Atlantic Refining Co | Shutting off water in vertical fractures |
US3350482A (en) * | 1962-04-18 | 1967-10-31 | Sun Oil Co | Method of producing spherical solids |
US3347798A (en) * | 1963-06-14 | 1967-10-17 | Basf Ag | Production of catalysts or catalyst carriers in the form of hollow beads |
US3437148A (en) * | 1967-01-06 | 1969-04-08 | Union Carbide Corp | Method and article for increasing the permeability of earth formations |
US3486706A (en) * | 1967-02-10 | 1969-12-30 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Ceramic grinding media |
US3491492A (en) * | 1968-01-15 | 1970-01-27 | Us Industries Inc | Method of making alumina abrasive grains |
US3497008A (en) * | 1968-03-05 | 1970-02-24 | Exxon Production Research Co | Method of propping fractures with ceramic particles |
US3690622A (en) * | 1969-02-28 | 1972-09-12 | Pia Beatrice Brunner Rohrer | Processing and mixing machine |
US3598373A (en) * | 1970-03-26 | 1971-08-10 | Coors Porcelanin Co | Method and apparatus for making small ceramic spheres |
US3856441A (en) * | 1970-10-30 | 1974-12-24 | Ube Industries | Apparatus for pelletizing powdered solid substance in a fluidized bed |
US3758318A (en) * | 1971-03-29 | 1973-09-11 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Production of mullite refractory |
US4052794A (en) * | 1971-06-18 | 1977-10-11 | Struthers Scientific And International Corporation | Fluidized bed process |
US4104342A (en) * | 1971-08-31 | 1978-08-01 | Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft | Method for making metal powder of low oxygen content |
US3810768A (en) * | 1972-04-06 | 1974-05-14 | Chicago Fire Brick Co | Refractory composition comprising coarse particles of clay or bauxite and carbon |
US4051603A (en) * | 1973-07-02 | 1977-10-04 | Struthers Scientific And International Corporation | Fluidized bed apparatus |
US3890072A (en) * | 1973-09-04 | 1975-06-17 | Norton Co | Apparatus for forming solid spherical pellets |
US3976138A (en) * | 1974-08-01 | 1976-08-24 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method of increasing permeability in subsurface earth formation |
US4077908A (en) * | 1974-12-27 | 1978-03-07 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Production of material consisting of solid hollow spheroids |
US4072193A (en) * | 1975-03-19 | 1978-02-07 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Propping agent and method of propping open fractures in the walls of a bored well |
US4068718A (en) * | 1975-09-26 | 1978-01-17 | Exxon Production Research Company | Hydraulic fracturing method using sintered bauxite propping agent |
US4053375A (en) * | 1976-07-16 | 1977-10-11 | Dorr-Oliver Incorporated | Process for recovery of alumina-cryolite waste in aluminum production |
US4303204A (en) * | 1976-10-28 | 1981-12-01 | Reynolds Metals Company | Upgrading of bauxites, bauxitic clays, and aluminum mineral bearing clays |
US4140773A (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1979-02-20 | Continental Oil Company | Production of high pore volume alumina spheres |
US4296051A (en) * | 1978-10-23 | 1981-10-20 | Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Method of producing granular sodium dichloroisocyanurate |
US4371481A (en) * | 1979-02-06 | 1983-02-01 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Iron-containing refractory balls for retorting oil shale |
US4407967A (en) * | 1979-08-16 | 1983-10-04 | Frenchtown American Corp. | Method for producing spheroidal ceramics |
US4268311A (en) * | 1979-11-01 | 1981-05-19 | Anchor Hocking Corporation | High strength cordierite ceramic |
US4442897A (en) * | 1980-05-23 | 1984-04-17 | Standard Oil Company | Formation fracturing method |
US4440866A (en) * | 1980-07-07 | 1984-04-03 | A/S Niro Atomizer | Process for the production of sintered bauxite spheres |
US4343751A (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1982-08-10 | Lowe's, Inc. | Clay agglomeration process |
US4547468A (en) * | 1981-08-10 | 1985-10-15 | Terra Tek, Inc. | Hollow proppants and a process for their manufacture |
US4396595A (en) * | 1982-02-08 | 1983-08-02 | North American Philips Electric Corp. | Method of enhancing the optical transmissivity of polycrystalline alumina bodies, and article produced by such method |
US4894285B1 (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1994-01-11 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Sintered spherical pellets containing clay as a major component useful for gas and oil well proppants |
US4879181B1 (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1994-01-11 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Sintered spherical pellets containing clay as a major component useful for gas and oil well proppants |
US4894285A (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1990-01-16 | Fitzgibbob Jeremiah J | Sintered spherical pellets containing clay as a major component useful for gas and oil well proppants |
US4427068B1 (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1992-03-24 | Carbo Ceramics Inc | |
US4879181A (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1989-11-07 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Sintered spherical pellets containing clay as a major component useful for gas and oil well proppants |
US4658899A (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1987-04-21 | Standard Oil Proppants Company, L.P. | Use of uncalcined/partially calcined ingredients in the manufacture of sintered pellets useful for gas and oil well proppants |
US4623630A (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1986-11-18 | Standard Oil Proppants Company | Use of uncalcined/partially calcined ingredients in the manufacture of sintered pellets useful for gas and oil well proppants |
US4427068A (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1984-01-24 | Kennecott Corporation | Sintered spherical pellets containing clay as a major component useful for gas and oil well proppants |
US4439489A (en) * | 1982-02-16 | 1984-03-27 | Acme Resin Corporation | Particles covered with a cured infusible thermoset film and process for their production |
US4450184A (en) * | 1982-02-16 | 1984-05-22 | Metco Incorporated | Hollow sphere ceramic particles for abradable coatings |
US4462466A (en) * | 1982-03-29 | 1984-07-31 | Kachnik Joseph E | Method of propping fractures in subterranean formations |
US4522731A (en) * | 1982-10-28 | 1985-06-11 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Hydraulic fracturing propping agent |
US5120455A (en) * | 1982-10-28 | 1992-06-09 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Hydraulic fracturing propping agent |
US4521475A (en) * | 1983-04-01 | 1985-06-04 | Riccio Louis M | Method and apparatus for applying metal cladding on surfaces and products formed thereby |
US4555493A (en) * | 1983-12-07 | 1985-11-26 | Reynolds Metals Company | Aluminosilicate ceramic proppant for gas and oil well fracturing and method of forming same |
US4493875A (en) * | 1983-12-09 | 1985-01-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Proppant for well fractures and method of making same |
US4618504A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1986-10-21 | Bosna Alexander A | Method and apparatus for applying metal cladding on surfaces and products formed thereby |
US4680230A (en) * | 1984-01-18 | 1987-07-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Particulate ceramic useful as a proppant |
US4652411A (en) * | 1984-05-23 | 1987-03-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method of preparing thin porous sheets of ceramic material |
US4668645A (en) * | 1984-07-05 | 1987-05-26 | Arup Khaund | Sintered low density gas and oil well proppants from a low cost unblended clay material of selected composition |
US4744831A (en) * | 1984-07-30 | 1988-05-17 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Hollow inorganic spheres and methods for making such spheres |
US4714623A (en) * | 1985-02-28 | 1987-12-22 | Riccio Louis M | Method and apparatus for applying metal cladding on surfaces and products formed thereby |
US4713203A (en) * | 1985-05-23 | 1987-12-15 | Comalco Aluminium Limited | Bauxite proppant |
US4632876A (en) * | 1985-06-12 | 1986-12-30 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Ceramic spheroids having low density and high crush resistance |
US4639427A (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1987-01-27 | Norton Company | Stress-corrosion resistant proppant for oil and gas wells |
US4654266A (en) * | 1985-12-24 | 1987-03-31 | Kachnik Joseph L | Durable, high-strength proppant and method for forming same |
US4911987A (en) * | 1986-09-24 | 1990-03-27 | National Research Institute For Metals | Metal/ceramic or ceramic/ceramic bonded structure |
US4921821A (en) * | 1988-08-02 | 1990-05-01 | Norton-Alcoa Proppants | Lightweight oil and gas well proppants and methods for making and using same |
US5030603A (en) * | 1988-08-02 | 1991-07-09 | Norton-Alcoa | Lightweight oil and gas well proppants |
US4921820A (en) * | 1989-01-17 | 1990-05-01 | Norton-Alcoa Proppants | Lightweight proppant for oil and gas wells and methods for making and using same |
US5188175A (en) * | 1989-08-14 | 1993-02-23 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Method of fracturing a subterranean formation with a lightweight propping agent |
US5175133A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1992-12-29 | Comalco Aluminium Limited | Ceramic microspheres |
US5964291A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1999-10-12 | Aea Technology Plc | Well treatment |
US5972835A (en) * | 1995-09-13 | 1999-10-26 | Research Triangle Institute | Fluidizable particulate materials and methods of making same |
US6080232A (en) * | 1996-11-14 | 2000-06-27 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Spherical color pigments, process for their production and use thereof |
US6074754A (en) * | 1996-11-14 | 2000-06-13 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Spherical pigments, process for producing them and use thereof |
US6059034A (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2000-05-09 | Bj Services Company | Formation treatment method using deformable particles |
US6330916B1 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2001-12-18 | Bj Services Company | Formation treatment method using deformable particles |
US6364018B1 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2002-04-02 | Bj Services Company | Lightweight methods and compositions for well treating |
US20050028979A1 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2005-02-10 | Brannon Harold Dean | Methods and compositions of a storable relatively lightweight proppant slurry for hydraulic fracturing and gravel packing applications |
US6772838B2 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2004-08-10 | Bj Services Company | Lightweight particulate materials and uses therefor |
US6749025B1 (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2004-06-15 | Bj Services Company | Lightweight methods and compositions for sand control |
US6632527B1 (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2003-10-14 | Borden Chemical, Inc. | Composite proppant, composite filtration media and methods for making and using same |
US6217646B1 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2001-04-17 | Daubois Inc. | Sculptable and breathable wall coating mortar compound |
US6503676B2 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2003-01-07 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Toner, external additive therefor and image forming method using the toner |
US6372678B1 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-04-16 | Fairmount Minerals, Ltd | Proppant composition for gas and oil well fracturing |
US6743269B2 (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2004-06-01 | Degussa Ag | Granules based on pyrogenically produced aluminium oxide, process for the production thereof and use thereof |
US6753299B2 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2004-06-22 | Badger Mining Corporation | Composite silica proppant material |
US6725930B2 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2004-04-27 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Conductive proppant and method of hydraulic fracturing using the same |
US20040200617A1 (en) * | 2002-09-03 | 2004-10-14 | Stephenson Christopher John | Method of treating subterranean formations with porous ceramic particulate materials |
US20040040708A1 (en) * | 2002-09-03 | 2004-03-04 | Stephenson Christopher John | Method of treating subterranean formations with porous ceramic particulate materials |
US6780804B2 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-08-24 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Extended particle size distribution ceramic fracturing proppant |
US20050244641A1 (en) * | 2004-04-12 | 2005-11-03 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Coating and/or treating hydraulic fracturing proppants to improve wettability, proppant lubrication, and/or to reduce damage by fracturing fluids and reservoir fluids |
US20060006589A1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-01-12 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Method for producing solid ceramic particles using a spray drying process |
Cited By (97)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080241540A1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2008-10-02 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Method for producing solid ceramic particles using a spray drying process |
US20080220996A1 (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2008-09-11 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Sintered spherical pellets |
US7825053B2 (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2010-11-02 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Sintered spherical pellets |
US20100126728A1 (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2010-05-27 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Sintered spherical pellets |
US7678723B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2010-03-16 | Carbo Ceramics, Inc. | Sintered spherical pellets |
US20070059528A1 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2007-03-15 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Low resin demand foundry media |
US20110077176A1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2011-03-31 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition And Method For Making A Proppant |
US20090032253A1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2009-02-05 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition and Method For Making A Proppant |
US7887918B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2011-02-15 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition and method for making a proppant |
US7883773B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2011-02-08 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition and method for making a proppant |
US8298667B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2012-10-30 | Oxane Materials | Composition and method for making a proppant |
US7867613B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2011-01-11 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition and method for making a proppant |
US20090137433A1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2009-05-28 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition And Method For Making A Proppant |
US20070166541A1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2007-07-19 | Smith Russell J | Composition and method for making a proppant |
US20090038798A1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2009-02-12 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition and Method For Making A Proppant |
US8075997B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2011-12-13 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition and method for making a proppant |
US20090032254A1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2009-02-05 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition and Method For Making A Proppant |
US8012533B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2011-09-06 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition and method for making a proppant |
US7914892B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2011-03-29 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition and method for making a proppant |
US20060177661A1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2006-08-10 | Smith Russell J | Composition and method for making a proppant |
US8603578B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2013-12-10 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition and method for making a proppant |
US8003212B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2011-08-23 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Composition and method for making a proppant |
US8216675B2 (en) | 2005-03-01 | 2012-07-10 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Methods for producing sintered particles from a slurry of an alumina-containing raw material |
US20060219600A1 (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2006-10-05 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Methods for producing sintered particles from a slurry of an alumina-containing raw material |
US20100059224A1 (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2010-03-11 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Methods for producing sintered particles from a slurry of an alumina-containing raw material |
US20090206525A1 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2009-08-20 | Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited | Method for Producing Porous Silica Ceramic Material |
US20080135246A1 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2008-06-12 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Sintered spherical pellets useful for gas and oil well proppants |
US20070062699A1 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-22 | Alary Jean A | Electrofused proppant, method of manufacture, and method of use |
US7654323B2 (en) | 2005-09-21 | 2010-02-02 | Imerys | Electrofused proppant, method of manufacture, and method of use |
US7828998B2 (en) | 2006-07-11 | 2010-11-09 | Carbo Ceramics, Inc. | Material having a controlled microstructure, core-shell macrostructure, and method for its fabrication |
US10294377B2 (en) | 2006-07-13 | 2019-05-21 | Covia Holdings Corporation | Ultra fine nepheline syenite powder and products for using same |
US20080015104A1 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-01-17 | Unimin Corporation | Ultrafine nepheline syenite |
US8858699B2 (en) | 2006-07-13 | 2014-10-14 | Unimin Corporation | Ultra fine nepheline syenite powder and products for using same |
US20090117382A1 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2009-05-07 | Jerry William Janik | Ultrafine nepheline syenite |
US10065194B2 (en) | 2006-07-13 | 2018-09-04 | Covia Holdings Corporation | Ultrafine nepheline syenite |
US20080011190A1 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-01-17 | Unimin Corporation | Ultra fine nepheline syenite powder and products for using same |
US7915188B2 (en) | 2006-07-13 | 2011-03-29 | Unimin Corporation | Ultrafine nepheline syenite |
US20080040980A1 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-02-21 | Unimin Corporation | Method of processing nepheline syenite |
US20080135651A1 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-06-12 | Jerry William Janik | Method of processing nepheline syenite |
US20100304952A1 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2010-12-02 | Unimin Corporation | Method of processing nepheline syenite |
EA015865B1 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2011-12-30 | Карбо Керамикс Инк. | Low bulk density proppant and methods for producing the same |
WO2008028074A3 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-06-26 | Carbo Ceramics Inc | Low bulk density proppant and methods for producing the same |
US8063000B2 (en) | 2006-08-30 | 2011-11-22 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Low bulk density proppant and methods for producing the same |
US20080058228A1 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Low bulk density proppant and methods for producing the same |
WO2008028074A2 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Low bulk density proppant and methods for producing the same |
US20100087341A1 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2010-04-08 | Imerys | Method of manufacturing and using rod-shaped proppants and anti-flowback additives |
US20080066910A1 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-20 | Jean Andre Alary | Rod-shaped proppant and anti-flowback additive, method of manufacture, and method of use |
US10344206B2 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2019-07-09 | US Ceramics LLC | Method of manufacture and using rod-shaped proppants and anti-flowback additives |
US8562900B2 (en) | 2006-09-01 | 2013-10-22 | Imerys | Method of manufacturing and using rod-shaped proppants and anti-flowback additives |
WO2008069815A1 (en) * | 2006-12-06 | 2008-06-12 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Low resin demand foundry media |
US20100105579A1 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2010-04-29 | Elena Mikhailovna Pershikova | Proppant, proppant production method and use of proppant |
US8685902B2 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2014-04-01 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Proppant, proppant production method and use of proppant |
US20080182765A1 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-31 | Elena Mikhailovna Pershikova | Aluminum Silicate Proppants, Proppant Production And Application Methods |
US8070080B2 (en) | 2007-02-07 | 2011-12-06 | Unimin Corporation | Method of processing nepheline syenite powder to produce an ultra-fine grain size product |
US20110165421A1 (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2011-07-07 | Unimin Corporation | Method of processing nepheline syenite powder to produce an ultra-fine grain size product |
US20110163192A1 (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2011-07-07 | Unimin Corporation | Method of processing nepheline syenite powder to produce an ultra-fine grain size product |
US20080194431A1 (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2008-08-14 | Diankui Fu | Crosslinked Polymer Solutions and Methods of Use |
US7888295B2 (en) | 2007-02-08 | 2011-02-15 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Crosslinked polymer solutions and methods of use |
US20080207431A1 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2008-08-28 | Aquasol Corporation | Method for improving the manufacture of structural clay products |
US20090013905A1 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2009-01-15 | Unimin Corporation | Nepheline syenite powder with controlled particle size and novel method of making same |
US9034096B2 (en) | 2007-05-11 | 2015-05-19 | Unimin Corporation | Nepheline syenite powder with controlled particle size and novel method of making same |
US20090008093A1 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-08 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Proppants for gel clean-up |
US7721804B2 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2010-05-25 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Proppants for gel clean-up |
US20090118145A1 (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2009-05-07 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Method for producing proppant using a dopant |
US20090155565A1 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2009-06-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Stretchable, hand-tearable, conformable, and cinchable reinforced adhesive tape articles |
US9266115B2 (en) | 2008-04-17 | 2016-02-23 | Unimin Corporation | Powder formed from mineral or rock material with controlled particle size distribution for thermal films |
US8182601B2 (en) | 2008-04-17 | 2012-05-22 | Unimin Corporation | Powder formed from mineral or rock material with controlled particle size distribution for thermal films |
US20090260541A1 (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2009-10-22 | Kragten David D | Powder formed from mineral or rock material with controlled particle size distribution for thermal films |
US20110111990A1 (en) * | 2008-04-28 | 2011-05-12 | Elena Mikhailovna Pershikova | Strong low density ceramics |
US20110046267A1 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2011-02-24 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Alumina powder, process for its production and resin composition employing it |
US8012582B2 (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2011-09-06 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Sintered proppant made with a raw material containing alkaline earth equivalent |
US20100071901A1 (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2010-03-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Sintered proppant made with a raw material containing alkaline earth equivalent |
US20110195877A1 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2011-08-11 | Adderson Thomas J | Crystalline ceramic particles |
US8178476B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2012-05-15 | Oxane Materials, Inc. | Proppant having a glass-ceramic material |
US20120277130A1 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2012-11-01 | Zinaida Yurievna Usova | Hydraulic Fracturing Proppant Containing Inorganic Fibers |
US9382468B2 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2016-07-05 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Hydraulic fracturing proppant containing inorganic fibers |
DE102010007176A1 (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2011-08-11 | Polysius AG, 59269 | Method for producing a refractory material from bauxite |
US20190016944A1 (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2019-01-17 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Proppant particles formed from slurry droplets and method of use |
US20150166880A1 (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2015-06-18 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Proppant Particles Formed from Slurry Droplets and Methods of Use |
US20160017214A1 (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2016-01-21 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Proppant particles formed from slurry droplets and methods of use |
US9670400B2 (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2017-06-06 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Proppant particles formed from slurry droplets and methods of use |
US20170260104A1 (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2017-09-14 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Proppant particles formed from slurry droplets and methods of use |
US11512025B2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2022-11-29 | Carbo Ceramics, Inc. | Proppant particles formed from slurry droplets and methods of use |
US10077395B2 (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2018-09-18 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Proppant particles formed from slurry droplets and methods of use |
US10118863B2 (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2018-11-06 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Proppant particles formed from slurry droplets and methods of use |
US8614157B2 (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2013-12-24 | Carbo Ceramics, Inc. | Sintered particles and methods for producing sintered particles from a slurry of an alumina-containing raw material |
WO2012134667A1 (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-10-04 | Carbo Ceramics Inc. | Sintered particles and methods for producing sintered particles from a slurry of an alumina-containing raw material |
US9033040B2 (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2015-05-19 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Use of composite of lightweight hollow core having adhered or embedded cement in cementing a well |
US9085671B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2015-07-21 | Unimin Corporation | Mineral based fillers used as a substitute for wood fillers in simulated wood products and simulated wood products containing the same |
DE212013000085U1 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2014-11-05 | Unimin Corporation | Mineral fillers for use as replacements for wood fillers in imitation wood products and imitation wood products containing them |
CN104130764A (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2014-11-05 | 郑州市润宝耐火材料有限公司 | Additive for fracturing propping agent, fracturing propping agent and preparation method |
CN104560006A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-29 | 太原科技大学 | Process for preparing ceramsite proppant by using magnesium slag and ceramsite proppant |
US10519364B2 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2019-12-31 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Proppant aggregate particulates for use in subterranean formation operations |
US20180244983A1 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-08-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Proppant aggregate particulates for use in subterranean formation operations |
US11053432B2 (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2021-07-06 | First Bauxite Llc | Ultra high strength proppant and method of preparing the same |
CN112412430A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-02-26 | 西安交通大学 | System and method for underground in-situ pyrolysis of coal |
CN114133223A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-03-04 | 山东理工大学 | Energy-saving and environment-friendly low-cost ceramsite proppant and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006032008A2 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
EA200700583A1 (en) | 2007-08-31 |
EP1799962A2 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
AU2005284787A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
EA012824B1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
MX2007002646A (en) | 2007-05-16 |
US7825053B2 (en) | 2010-11-02 |
US20080220996A1 (en) | 2008-09-11 |
US7678723B2 (en) | 2010-03-16 |
CN101023243A (en) | 2007-08-22 |
CA2577998A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
WO2006032008A3 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
BRPI0515304A (en) | 2008-07-15 |
US20100126728A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
JP2008513553A (en) | 2008-05-01 |
NO20071404L (en) | 2007-03-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7825053B2 (en) | Sintered spherical pellets | |
US4658899A (en) | Use of uncalcined/partially calcined ingredients in the manufacture of sintered pellets useful for gas and oil well proppants | |
EP2197976B1 (en) | Proppants and anti-flowback additives made from sillimanite minerals, methods of manufacture, and methods of use | |
US4668645A (en) | Sintered low density gas and oil well proppants from a low cost unblended clay material of selected composition | |
US4623630A (en) | Use of uncalcined/partially calcined ingredients in the manufacture of sintered pellets useful for gas and oil well proppants | |
US7067445B2 (en) | Extended particle size distribution ceramic fracturing proppant | |
US9399727B2 (en) | Composition and method for producing an ultra-lightweight ceramic proppant | |
EP2046914B1 (en) | Precursor compositions for ceramic products | |
CA1228226A (en) | Sintered low density gas and oil well proppants from a low cost unblended clay material of selected compositions | |
US9234127B2 (en) | Angular abrasive proppant, process for the preparation thereof and process for hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells | |
US8283271B2 (en) | High strength proppants | |
EP0102761A1 (en) | Sintered spherical pellets useful as gas and oil well proppants, production and use thereof | |
US20150184064A1 (en) | Proppants and Anti-Flowback Additives Comprising Flash Calcined Clay, Methods of Manufacture, and Methods of Use | |
US11053432B2 (en) | Ultra high strength proppant and method of preparing the same | |
WO2016044688A1 (en) | Addition of mineral-containing slurry for proppant formation |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CARBO CERAMICS INC., TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DUENCKEL, ROBERT;EDMUNDS, MARK;CANOVA, STEVE;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:016940/0037;SIGNING DATES FROM 20051027 TO 20051103 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |