US20090245411A1 - Wireless communication method and apparatus for forming, steering and selectively receiving a sufficient number of usable beam paths in both azimuth and elevation - Google Patents
Wireless communication method and apparatus for forming, steering and selectively receiving a sufficient number of usable beam paths in both azimuth and elevation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090245411A1 US20090245411A1 US12/479,260 US47926009A US2009245411A1 US 20090245411 A1 US20090245411 A1 US 20090245411A1 US 47926009 A US47926009 A US 47926009A US 2009245411 A1 US2009245411 A1 US 2009245411A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- receiver
- transmitter
- wireless communication
- elevation
- azimuth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012771 pancakes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wireless communication system including a transmitter and a receiver. More particularly, the present invention relates to forming, steering and selectively receiving usable beam paths.
- a multipath in radio frequency (RF) communications refers to the existence of multiple paths of RF propagation between a transmitter and a receiver. In situations when the paths contain the same data, but are spaced apart in time, the resultant reception can be destructive. There are however circumstances when it is actually desirable to have multiple paths. In these cases each path can carry a different data stream. This technique is referred to as a layered space approach, or under the broader category of multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) communication systems. If the transmitter and receiver are capable of utilizing each path, the effective data bandwidth of the link between the two can be increased by the number of unique usable paths.
- MIMO multiple input and multiple output
- FIG. 3 illustrates a prior art wireless communication system 300 which includes a transmitter 305 and a receiver 310 .
- the transmitter 305 forms a multipath (i.e., a first path 315 and an additional path 320 ) via an elevation antenna pattern.
- the additional path 320 formed by the transmitter 305 is formed by directing a beam towards the ground 325 .
- the present invention is related to a wireless communication method of exploiting the RF physical environment to establish a sufficient number of usable multiple paths of RF propagation for facilitating communications.
- the method is implemented in a wireless communication system including at least one transmitter and at least one receiver.
- the receiver's antenna is directed towards one of a plurality of reception paths and receives a data stream from the transmitter via the reception path that the receiver antenna is directed towards.
- the receiver decodes the data stream, reconstructs a modulation pattern of the decoded data stream, and subtracts the reconstructed data stream from a sum of all of the signals received by the receiver via the reception paths.
- the receiver provides received signal direction information associated with reception paths to the transmitter (i.e., the receiver is configured to determine the direction the incident signals are coming from).
- the transmitter adjusts and/or eliminates one or more of the reception paths that are unusable based on the received signal direction information (i.e., the transmitter is configured to direct beam nulls toward the signals to be attenuated).
- FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional coordinate system which depicts a nominal orientation
- FIG. 2 facilitates the visualization and interpretation of the three dimensional situations shown in FIGS. 3 , 4 and 9 - 14 ;
- FIG. 3 illustrates multipath creation via elevation as implemented by conventional wireless communication systems
- FIG. 4 illustrates multipath creation via azimuth in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 5 illustrates an antenna (or an antenna array) on a finite groundplane with an RF choke inserted on the edge of the groundplane in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 illustrates a beam formed by the antenna of FIG. 6 before and after inserting the RF choke on the edge of the groundplane
- FIG. 7 shows an antenna system including a Shelton-Butler matrix feeding a circular array, thus forming a 4-port Shelton-Butler matrix fed circular array in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8 shows an antenna system including a 2-tier stacked Shelton-Butler matrix feeding a stacked circular array in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 9 illustrates line of sight and azimuth paths in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 10 illustrates azimuth and elevation usage in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 11 illustrates line of sight, azimuth and elevation paths in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 12 illustrates line of sight, azimuth and elevation with only boresights in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 13 illustrates azimuth opportunities in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 14 illustrates general elevation opportunities in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an exemplary receiver configured according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the coordinate system utilized in a nominal orientation.
- the present invention will operate with adjustments being made for deviations from the orientations that are described using the coordinate system of FIG. 1 .
- obstacles e.g., buildings
- Slanted, curved, or irregular structures exist, somewhat randomizes their orientation with respect to the present invention's components, resulting in a spread of reflections and refractions.
- the general direction of signals however is preserved sufficiently to affect the needs of the present invention.
- the Elevation view represents a view from the surface of the earth looking at the antennas.
- the Azimuth view will represent a view from above the antennas looking down towards the Earth. As shown in FIG. 2 , one dimension will therefore always be “compressed into the page.”
- the pattern outlines of the beams are approximations to the actual outline of the beams, and represent power levels relative to the peak at the boresight. Lower degree lobes are not shown for clarity. Likewise, during reflections, refractions, and propagations through some obstacles, the patterns may become very irregular and numerous.
- the transmission and receive antenna patterns are at most set up to provide maximum power transmission and reception between the transmitter and receiver.
- the present invention uses multiple antenna beam forming elements at the transmitter and receiver. Reflectors may be placed behind the elements to direct the overall antenna pattern in a general direction.
- the antennas used by the present invention have the ability to beam form either or both the transmitter and receiver arrays.
- the present invention exploits the availability of beam steering in both the azimuth and elevation aspects. It further exploits the availability of beam forming at both the transmitter and receiver when available.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a wireless communication system 400 which includes a transmitter 405 and a receiver 410 .
- the transmitter 405 forms a multipath via an azimuth antenna pattern which reflects off an obstruction 415 to the intended receiver 410 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- the transmitter 405 forms the additional path by directing the beam towards an elevation obstruction.
- a beam formed by transmitter 405 may be pointed in any desired elevation angle, while the conventional transmitter provides only fixed, substantially horizon beams.
- FIG. 5 An antenna or a MIMO array, situated over a finite groundplane is shown in FIG. 5 , along with an enlarged cut away view of the groundplane.
- a continuous radio frequency (RF) choke 505 is placed on the edge (i.e., rim) of the groundplane.
- the RF choke 505 is a parallel plate waveguide, which can be a printed circuit board with two conducting surfaces.
- the RF choke 505 may include a plurality of chokes connected in series to increase the choking effect.
- the RF choke 505 may be formed from any other type of transmission line or lumped element equivalent that fits the geometry of the groundplane edge.
- the shunt 510 shown in FIG. 5 can be formed from conducting rivets, or the equivalent.
- the distance between the shunt 510 and the opening 515 determines the impedance at the waveguide opening. For an infinite impedance at the opening 515 , the distance between the shunt 510 and the opening 515 should be a quarter-wavelength in the propagating medium.
- FIG. 6 The result of using the RF choke 505 is depicted in FIG. 6 , where a beam 605 is formed with a tilt using a regular groundplane, and a beam 610 formed using a groundplane with the RF choke 505 in accordance with the present invention redirects the beam toward the horizon.
- a more sophisticated means to direct multiple beams with equal resolution in three dimensions may be used in accordance with the present invention.
- U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/619,223, filed on Oct. 15, 2004, using a Shelton-Butler matrix feeding a circular array creates isolated omni-directional pancake beams that are isolated from each other.
- the phase of each mode is characteristic of the signal's direction of arrival. By comparing the phases of two modes, information of the direction of arrival can be derived.
- Some mode pair selections allow unambiguous linear relationship between the phase and the angle of arrival. That greatly simplifies subsequent processing.
- amplitude comparison can be used.
- a complete elevation and azimuth direction finding system can thus be implemented by sharing the received single “bit” of incoming wave.
- a bit or pulse which contains both amplitude and phase information is shared in a manner where the amplitude information is used by elevation determination, and phase information is used for azimuth determination.
- the same antenna system can electronically and automatically form a beam in the direction of the targeted incoming signal without resorting to a separate system.
- This system can provide enough gain for wireless applications.
- lenses, reflectors, and electronic controlled parasitic antennas can be used to further increase directivity to meet the need of such applications.
- a single array system can be used to perform direction finding and automatic beam forming in the desired direction. This system provides 360 degree instantaneous azimuth coverage, where conventional systems cannot.
- FIG. 7 shows an antenna system 700 including a Shelton-Butler matrix 705 feeding a circular array 710 , thus forming a 4-port Shelton-Butler matrix fed circular array.
- the ports 715 shown on top connect to the antennas of the circular array 710 .
- the ports 720 on the bottom are mode ports.
- the Shelton-Butler matrix 705 includes a plurality of hybrids and fixed phase shifters which can be line-lengths.
- the antenna system 700 forms multiple but isolated orthogonal omni-directional pancake shaped radiation patterns.
- the antenna system 700 forms a plurality of available orthogonal omni-directional modes.
- the orthogonality preserves the full strength of each mode, which is in contrast to conventional mode formation using a power-divider, where the power is all used up in forming one mode.
- the phase of the antenna system 700 is linear to the angle of arrival. Linear simplicity and high precision are the products of the antenna system 700 , whereby angle of arrival information is provided for both azimuth and elevation,
- Elevation angle detection requires two Shelton-Butler matrices 705 which form two new modes, a sum-mode and a difference-mode.
- the ratio of the sum-mode over the difference-mode indicates the angle away from boresight.
- a phase shift is inserted in the sum-and-difference matrix to steer the sum-mode beam to the elevation boresight.
- This sum-mode can be used as the beam for communication.
- the beam shape in azimuth is still omni-directional.
- To form a directive beam in azimuth all the modes in azimuth have to be aligned. This requires a power divider at the output, and phase shifters in the divided branches.
- the azimuth beam can be synthesized using a fast Fourier transform. The phase shifters will drive the beam to the required direction.
- FIG. 8 shows an antenna system 800 including a 2-tier stacked Shelton-Butler matrix 805 feeding a stacked circular array 810 .
- the Shelton-Butler matrix 805 includes two azimuth boards 815 feeding eight antennas of the array 810 .
- the azimuth boards 815 are fed by a row of elevation matrices 820 that separate the family of azimuth beams into two families with different elevation angles.
- each elevation matrix 820 is a 2-port hybrid with proper phase delays.
- FIG. 9 a line of sight path and an elevation path are shown. From the elevation view both paths are parallel, while in the azimuth they are shown to be distinct.
- FIG. 11 a line of sight path, an azimuth path and an elevation path are shown, with the dotted line representing the line of sight between the antennas.
- the simple pattern approximations become rapidly difficult to visualize.
- FIG. 12 illustrates line of sight, azimuth, and elevation with only boresights. In actual deployments, there may be obstructions to both sides of the line of sight, and irregularities in their placement and form that allow for many more beams, as shown in FIG. 13 .
- deployments inside of buildings also provide for more opportunities, as the ceilings or objects fastened thereto become another obstacle.
- FIGS. 1-14 have been illustrated from the transmitter's viewpoint of creating multipaths, consideration also needs to be given to the receiver's operation.
- One means to differentiate the received paths is by multi-user detection (MUD) methods.
- the basic concept is that if a data stream can be properly decoded, its modulation pattern can be reconstructed, and subtracted from the summed reception of all the signals. This process is repeated until all possible individual data streams are decoded.
- receiver beams may be pointed at a plurality of individual reception paths, whereby the receiver decodes each path individually.
- a very robust methodology is to combine both the MUD and receiver beamforming methods.
- the beamforming basically reduces the number of paths being seen by the decoder at any one time, and the MUD separates any multiple path receptions that still exist.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an exemplary receiver 1500 configured according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the receiver 1500 includes a multi-user detector 1505 , a beam selector 1510 , a baseband decoder 1515 and an antenna 1520 .
- a group of signals A, B and C received by the antenna 1520 are forwarded to the beam selector 1510 which separates the signal C from the group of signals A, B and C.
- the signal C is sent from the beam selector 1510 directly to the baseband decoder 1515 .
- the signals A and B are sent from the beam selector 1510 to the multi-user detector 1505 .
- the initial determination of the usable beam patterns may be partially or in whole derived using the different embodiments described below.
- a user of communication services observes existing opportunities for paths from both the receiver and transmitter perspectives is used to derive settings, which are then entered (e.g., stored in a memory) using either the manual directional controls of hardware equipment (e.g., a keyboard) or by some sighting methodology (e.g., adjusting a signal to create a path and pressing a button to lock in the coordinates when it is adequately detected).
- the observations could be that there are buildings to the left of the main communication direction, but an open area to the right.
- the present invention would interpret this as meaning that reflection paths are possible to the left, while it would be a waste of resources (e.g., beam power) to direct any beams to the right.
- an omni-directional or broad beam is sent in the general direction of the receiver.
- the receiver has the capability to discern the direction from which it receives adequate signals. This information is returned to the transmitter, which narrows its beam transmission in a particular sequence to eliminate some multipaths. The receiver notes the significant changes in the received signals, and returns the information to the sender. This ongoing interactive process determines the general characteristics of the multipaths available.
- the transmitter scans narrow beams (i.e., azimuth, elevation, or both) and receives indications from the receiver as to the reception it detects at various times in the scan.
- the scanning process reveals to the sender and receiver which paths are useable.
Abstract
A wireless communication method of exploiting the radio frequency (RF) physical environment to establish a sufficient number of usable multiple paths of RF propagation for facilitating communications. The method is implemented in a wireless communication system including at least one transmitter and at least one receiver. The receiver's antenna is directed towards one of a plurality of reception paths and receives a data stream from the transmitter via the reception path that the receiver antenna is directed towards. The receiver decodes the data stream, reconstructs a modulation pattern of the decoded data stream, and subtracts the reconstructed data stream from a sum of all of the signals received by the receiver via the reception paths. The receiver provides received signal direction information associated with reception paths to the transmitter. The transmitter adjusts and/or eliminates one or more of the reception paths that are unusable based on the signal direction information.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/014,290, filed Dec. 16, 2004, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/622,899, filed Oct. 28, 2004, which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth.
- The present invention relates to a wireless communication system including a transmitter and a receiver. More particularly, the present invention relates to forming, steering and selectively receiving usable beam paths.
- A multipath in radio frequency (RF) communications refers to the existence of multiple paths of RF propagation between a transmitter and a receiver. In situations when the paths contain the same data, but are spaced apart in time, the resultant reception can be destructive. There are however circumstances when it is actually desirable to have multiple paths. In these cases each path can carry a different data stream. This technique is referred to as a layered space approach, or under the broader category of multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) communication systems. If the transmitter and receiver are capable of utilizing each path, the effective data bandwidth of the link between the two can be increased by the number of unique usable paths.
- One problem is that not enough natural paths, or existing paths with discernable characteristics, may be exploitable for the capabilities of the transmitters and receivers to be fully utilized. The prior art exploits the elevation variable characteristics of a transmitter. This path may not always be available due to the lack of intervening physical obstacles to scatter the signals. Even when this option is available, it may not provide sufficient paths to fully utilize the ability of the transmitter and receiver.
-
FIG. 3 illustrates a prior artwireless communication system 300 which includes atransmitter 305 and areceiver 310. Thetransmitter 305 forms a multipath (i.e., afirst path 315 and an additional path 320) via an elevation antenna pattern. However, theadditional path 320 formed by thetransmitter 305 is formed by directing a beam towards theground 325. - Conventional wireless communication systems use beam forming for non-MIMO purpose. Therefore, a method and apparatus is desired for exploiting the RF physical environment by combining beam forming with MIMO to provide a sufficient number of paths.
- The present invention is related to a wireless communication method of exploiting the RF physical environment to establish a sufficient number of usable multiple paths of RF propagation for facilitating communications. The method is implemented in a wireless communication system including at least one transmitter and at least one receiver. The receiver's antenna is directed towards one of a plurality of reception paths and receives a data stream from the transmitter via the reception path that the receiver antenna is directed towards. The receiver decodes the data stream, reconstructs a modulation pattern of the decoded data stream, and subtracts the reconstructed data stream from a sum of all of the signals received by the receiver via the reception paths. The receiver provides received signal direction information associated with reception paths to the transmitter (i.e., the receiver is configured to determine the direction the incident signals are coming from). The transmitter adjusts and/or eliminates one or more of the reception paths that are unusable based on the received signal direction information (i.e., the transmitter is configured to direct beam nulls toward the signals to be attenuated).
- A more detailed understanding of the invention may be had from the following description, given by way of example and to be understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional coordinate system which depicts a nominal orientation; -
FIG. 2 facilitates the visualization and interpretation of the three dimensional situations shown inFIGS. 3 , 4 and 9-14; -
FIG. 3 illustrates multipath creation via elevation as implemented by conventional wireless communication systems; -
FIG. 4 illustrates multipath creation via azimuth in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 5 illustrates an antenna (or an antenna array) on a finite groundplane with an RF choke inserted on the edge of the groundplane in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 6 illustrates a beam formed by the antenna ofFIG. 6 before and after inserting the RF choke on the edge of the groundplane; -
FIG. 7 shows an antenna system including a Shelton-Butler matrix feeding a circular array, thus forming a 4-port Shelton-Butler matrix fed circular array in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 8 shows an antenna system including a 2-tier stacked Shelton-Butler matrix feeding a stacked circular array in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 9 illustrates line of sight and azimuth paths in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 10 illustrates azimuth and elevation usage in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 11 illustrates line of sight, azimuth and elevation paths in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 12 illustrates line of sight, azimuth and elevation with only boresights in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 13 illustrates azimuth opportunities in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 14 illustrates general elevation opportunities in accordance with the present invention; and -
FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an exemplary receiver configured according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. - The preferred embodiments will be described with reference to the drawing figures where like numerals represent like elements throughout.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates the coordinate system utilized in a nominal orientation. The present invention will operate with adjustments being made for deviations from the orientations that are described using the coordinate system ofFIG. 1 . For example, obstacles (e.g., buildings) may not always present a displacement only in the Z direction. Slanted, curved, or irregular structures exist, somewhat randomizes their orientation with respect to the present invention's components, resulting in a spread of reflections and refractions. The general direction of signals however is preserved sufficiently to affect the needs of the present invention. - It can be somewhat difficult to visualize the three dimensional situations to be depicted. To facilitate this need, two views of each situation as illustrated in
FIGS. 3-10 are presented, as depicted inFIG. 2 . The Elevation view represents a view from the surface of the earth looking at the antennas. The Azimuth view will represent a view from above the antennas looking down towards the Earth. As shown inFIG. 2 , one dimension will therefore always be “compressed into the page.” Additionally, the pattern outlines of the beams are approximations to the actual outline of the beams, and represent power levels relative to the peak at the boresight. Lower degree lobes are not shown for clarity. Likewise, during reflections, refractions, and propagations through some obstacles, the patterns may become very irregular and numerous. - In conventional wireless communication systems, the transmission and receive antenna patterns are at most set up to provide maximum power transmission and reception between the transmitter and receiver. In its simplest form, the present invention uses multiple antenna beam forming elements at the transmitter and receiver. Reflectors may be placed behind the elements to direct the overall antenna pattern in a general direction. The antennas used by the present invention have the ability to beam form either or both the transmitter and receiver arrays. The present invention exploits the availability of beam steering in both the azimuth and elevation aspects. It further exploits the availability of beam forming at both the transmitter and receiver when available.
-
FIG. 4 illustrates awireless communication system 400 which includes atransmitter 405 and areceiver 410. Thetransmitter 405 forms a multipath via an azimuth antenna pattern which reflects off anobstruction 415 to the intendedreceiver 410 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Thetransmitter 405 forms the additional path by directing the beam towards an elevation obstruction. - For example, beams in one plane may be deflected, while antenna elements are used to create various beam patterns in an orthogonal plane. Scattering of the groundplane is controlled or eliminated, and beam tilt and depression is made variable. Thus, in accordance with the present invention, a beam formed by
transmitter 405 may be pointed in any desired elevation angle, while the conventional transmitter provides only fixed, substantially horizon beams. - As disclosed by co-pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/619,763, filed on Oct. 18, 2004, an antenna or a MIMO array, situated over a finite groundplane is shown in
FIG. 5 , along with an enlarged cut away view of the groundplane. A continuous radio frequency (RF) choke 505 is placed on the edge (i.e., rim) of the groundplane. TheRF choke 505 is a parallel plate waveguide, which can be a printed circuit board with two conducting surfaces. TheRF choke 505 may include a plurality of chokes connected in series to increase the choking effect. TheRF choke 505 may be formed from any other type of transmission line or lumped element equivalent that fits the geometry of the groundplane edge. Theshunt 510 shown inFIG. 5 can be formed from conducting rivets, or the equivalent. The distance between theshunt 510 and theopening 515 determines the impedance at the waveguide opening. For an infinite impedance at theopening 515, the distance between theshunt 510 and theopening 515 should be a quarter-wavelength in the propagating medium. - The result of using the
RF choke 505 is depicted inFIG. 6 , where abeam 605 is formed with a tilt using a regular groundplane, and abeam 610 formed using a groundplane with theRF choke 505 in accordance with the present invention redirects the beam toward the horizon. - In another example, a more sophisticated means to direct multiple beams with equal resolution in three dimensions may be used in accordance with the present invention. As disclosed by co-pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/619,223, filed on Oct. 15, 2004, using a Shelton-Butler matrix feeding a circular array creates isolated omni-directional pancake beams that are isolated from each other. The phase of each mode is characteristic of the signal's direction of arrival. By comparing the phases of two modes, information of the direction of arrival can be derived. Some mode pair selections allow unambiguous linear relationship between the phase and the angle of arrival. That greatly simplifies subsequent processing.
- In elevation, amplitude comparison can be used. A complete elevation and azimuth direction finding system can thus be implemented by sharing the received single “bit” of incoming wave. A bit or pulse which contains both amplitude and phase information is shared in a manner where the amplitude information is used by elevation determination, and phase information is used for azimuth determination.
- The same antenna system can electronically and automatically form a beam in the direction of the targeted incoming signal without resorting to a separate system. This system can provide enough gain for wireless applications. For a system that requires higher gain, lenses, reflectors, and electronic controlled parasitic antennas can be used to further increase directivity to meet the need of such applications.
- A single array system can be used to perform direction finding and automatic beam forming in the desired direction. This system provides 360 degree instantaneous azimuth coverage, where conventional systems cannot.
-
FIG. 7 shows anantenna system 700 including a Shelton-Butler matrix 705 feeding acircular array 710, thus forming a 4-port Shelton-Butler matrix fed circular array. Theports 715 shown on top connect to the antennas of thecircular array 710. Theports 720 on the bottom are mode ports. The Shelton-Butler matrix 705 includes a plurality of hybrids and fixed phase shifters which can be line-lengths. Theantenna system 700 forms multiple but isolated orthogonal omni-directional pancake shaped radiation patterns. Theantenna system 700 forms a plurality of available orthogonal omni-directional modes. The orthogonality preserves the full strength of each mode, which is in contrast to conventional mode formation using a power-divider, where the power is all used up in forming one mode. The phase of theantenna system 700 is linear to the angle of arrival. Linear simplicity and high precision are the products of theantenna system 700, whereby angle of arrival information is provided for both azimuth and elevation, - Elevation angle detection requires two Shelton-
Butler matrices 705 which form two new modes, a sum-mode and a difference-mode. The ratio of the sum-mode over the difference-mode indicates the angle away from boresight. - In order to form a beam in the direction of the arriving signal, a phase shift is inserted in the sum-and-difference matrix to steer the sum-mode beam to the elevation boresight. This sum-mode can be used as the beam for communication. However, the beam shape in azimuth is still omni-directional. To form a directive beam in azimuth, all the modes in azimuth have to be aligned. This requires a power divider at the output, and phase shifters in the divided branches. The azimuth beam can be synthesized using a fast Fourier transform. The phase shifters will drive the beam to the required direction.
-
FIG. 8 shows anantenna system 800 including a 2-tier stacked Shelton-Butler matrix 805 feeding a stackedcircular array 810. The Shelton-Butler matrix 805 includes twoazimuth boards 815 feeding eight antennas of thearray 810. Theazimuth boards 815 are fed by a row ofelevation matrices 820 that separate the family of azimuth beams into two families with different elevation angles. In this case, eachelevation matrix 820 is a 2-port hybrid with proper phase delays. - In
FIG. 9 , a line of sight path and an elevation path are shown. From the elevation view both paths are parallel, while in the azimuth they are shown to be distinct. - Both elevation and azimuth usage can be exploited, as illustrated in
FIG. 10 . The thin pattern is reflected in elevation, and the thick one in azimuth. - In
FIG. 11 , a line of sight path, an azimuth path and an elevation path are shown, with the dotted line representing the line of sight between the antennas. The simple pattern approximations become rapidly difficult to visualize. - As shown in
FIGS. 12-14 , the simple pattern approximations are replaced by arrows showing just the boresight of the beams. -
FIG. 12 illustrates line of sight, azimuth, and elevation with only boresights. In actual deployments, there may be obstructions to both sides of the line of sight, and irregularities in their placement and form that allow for many more beams, as shown inFIG. 13 . - As shown in
FIG. 14 , deployments inside of buildings also provide for more opportunities, as the ceilings or objects fastened thereto become another obstacle. - While
FIGS. 1-14 have been illustrated from the transmitter's viewpoint of creating multipaths, consideration also needs to be given to the receiver's operation. One means to differentiate the received paths is by multi-user detection (MUD) methods. The basic concept is that if a data stream can be properly decoded, its modulation pattern can be reconstructed, and subtracted from the summed reception of all the signals. This process is repeated until all possible individual data streams are decoded. Alternatively, receiver beams may be pointed at a plurality of individual reception paths, whereby the receiver decodes each path individually. - A very robust methodology is to combine both the MUD and receiver beamforming methods. The beamforming basically reduces the number of paths being seen by the decoder at any one time, and the MUD separates any multiple path receptions that still exist. There are also opportunities for a MUD and/or beam operational instance to accurately decode one or more paths, and for the resultant information to be utilized by the MUD in another beam instance to enhance its operation.
-
FIG. 15 is a block diagram of anexemplary receiver 1500 configured according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Thereceiver 1500 includes amulti-user detector 1505, abeam selector 1510, abaseband decoder 1515 and anantenna 1520. A group of signals A, B and C received by theantenna 1520 are forwarded to thebeam selector 1510 which separates the signal C from the group of signals A, B and C. The signal C is sent from thebeam selector 1510 directly to thebaseband decoder 1515. The signals A and B are sent from thebeam selector 1510 to themulti-user detector 1505. - One of ordinary skill in the art would realize that any actual utilization of the present invention is subject to real world constraints. For example, irregularities in obstacles, the movement of the obstacles themselves (e.g., cars, window, people), weather condition changes, or the like, may change the multipath environment.
- The initial determination of the usable beam patterns may be partially or in whole derived using the different embodiments described below.
- In one embodiment, a user of communication services observes existing opportunities for paths from both the receiver and transmitter perspectives is used to derive settings, which are then entered (e.g., stored in a memory) using either the manual directional controls of hardware equipment (e.g., a keyboard) or by some sighting methodology (e.g., adjusting a signal to create a path and pressing a button to lock in the coordinates when it is adequately detected). For example, the observations could be that there are buildings to the left of the main communication direction, but an open area to the right. The present invention would interpret this as meaning that reflection paths are possible to the left, while it would be a waste of resources (e.g., beam power) to direct any beams to the right.
- In another embodiment, an omni-directional or broad beam is sent in the general direction of the receiver. The receiver has the capability to discern the direction from which it receives adequate signals. This information is returned to the transmitter, which narrows its beam transmission in a particular sequence to eliminate some multipaths. The receiver notes the significant changes in the received signals, and returns the information to the sender. This ongoing interactive process determines the general characteristics of the multipaths available.
- In yet another embodiment, the transmitter scans narrow beams (i.e., azimuth, elevation, or both) and receives indications from the receiver as to the reception it detects at various times in the scan. The scanning process reveals to the sender and receiver which paths are useable.
- Since paths may come and go, ongoing communication is best served by coding redundancy and path redundancy. The degree to which these overhead burdens degrade the effective data rate will be very situational dependant. The potential gain obtainable by the present invention, however, will in most cases greatly overshadow the lost from the ideal knowledge of the paths situation.
- While the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment, other variations which are within the scope of the invention as outlined in the claims below will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A wireless communication receiver configured to:
receive, from a sender, an omni-directional beam or a broad beam;
determine the direction from which it receives signals by noting significant change information in the received signals; and
return the significant change information to the sender.
2. A wireless communication transmitter configured to send a wireless communication to a receiver using an omni-directional beam or a broad beam adjusted according to received feedback information, from the receiver, that includes at least one significant change information based on adjustments to the omni-directional beam or the broad beam.
3. The transmitter of claim 2 , further configured to change azimuth or elevation of the beams to cause the beams to scatter in various directions which changes a multipath.
4. The transmitter of claim 2 , further configured to narrow its beam transmission based upon the at least one received significant change information.
5. A method for wireless communication comprising:
receiving, by a wireless receiver, an omni-directional beam or a broad beam from a sender;
the receiver determining the direction from which it receives signals by noting significant change information in the received signals; and
the receiver returning the significant change information to the sender.
6. A method for determining signal direction comprising:
a transmitter using an omni-directional beam or a broad beam adjusted according to received feedback information that includes at least one significant change information based on adjustments to the omni-directional beam or the broad beam.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:
the transmitter changing azimuth or elevation of the beams causing the beams to scatter in various directions which changes a multipath.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the beam transmission is narrowed based upon the at least one received significant change information.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/479,260 US20090245411A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2009-06-05 | Wireless communication method and apparatus for forming, steering and selectively receiving a sufficient number of usable beam paths in both azimuth and elevation |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US62289904P | 2004-10-28 | 2004-10-28 | |
US11/014,290 US7551680B2 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2004-12-16 | Wireless communication method and apparatus for forming, steering and selectively receiving a sufficient number of usable beam paths in both azimuth and elevation |
US12/479,260 US20090245411A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2009-06-05 | Wireless communication method and apparatus for forming, steering and selectively receiving a sufficient number of usable beam paths in both azimuth and elevation |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/014,290 Continuation US7551680B2 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2004-12-16 | Wireless communication method and apparatus for forming, steering and selectively receiving a sufficient number of usable beam paths in both azimuth and elevation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090245411A1 true US20090245411A1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
Family
ID=36261853
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/014,290 Expired - Fee Related US7551680B2 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2004-12-16 | Wireless communication method and apparatus for forming, steering and selectively receiving a sufficient number of usable beam paths in both azimuth and elevation |
US12/479,260 Abandoned US20090245411A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2009-06-05 | Wireless communication method and apparatus for forming, steering and selectively receiving a sufficient number of usable beam paths in both azimuth and elevation |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/014,290 Expired - Fee Related US7551680B2 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2004-12-16 | Wireless communication method and apparatus for forming, steering and selectively receiving a sufficient number of usable beam paths in both azimuth and elevation |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7551680B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1805910A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008518554A (en) |
KR (2) | KR20070086632A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101375522B (en) |
CA (1) | CA2584316A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2007005034A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20072675L (en) |
TW (4) | TW200943779A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006049705A2 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090221314A1 (en) * | 2005-05-11 | 2009-09-03 | Honglin Hu | Beam-hopping in a radio communications system |
US20120139644A1 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2012-06-07 | Cambridge Silicon Radio Limited | Dual use transistor |
US8305258B2 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2012-11-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Radar device |
WO2016085266A1 (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-06-02 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Communication method and apparatus using beamforming |
US20170016974A1 (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-01-19 | Huawei Technologies Canada Co., Ltd. | Waveguide structure for use in direction-of-arrival determination system and associated determination method |
US9660713B2 (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2017-05-23 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for obtaining channel direction information |
US20170187102A1 (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-29 | Nidec Elesys Corporation | On-vehicle radar device |
US10381723B2 (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2019-08-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Wireless communication apparatus |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7548764B2 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2009-06-16 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and system for generating multiple radiation patterns using transform matrix |
US8588220B2 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2013-11-19 | L-3 Communications Corporation | Method and apparatus for mitigating port swapping during signal tracking |
KR101221136B1 (en) | 2006-01-04 | 2013-01-18 | 텔레폰악티에볼라겟엘엠에릭슨(펍) | Array antenna arrangement |
US7838188B2 (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2010-11-23 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoconductor, image forming method, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge |
US8421684B2 (en) * | 2009-10-01 | 2013-04-16 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for beam steering using steerable beam antennas with switched parasitic elements |
US8581794B1 (en) | 2010-03-04 | 2013-11-12 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Circular antenna array systems |
CN103002497A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2013-03-27 | 华为技术有限公司 | AAS (advanced antenna system) based information interaction method, AAS based information interaction system, UE (user equipment) and base station |
US9270022B2 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2016-02-23 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson | Method, apparatus and system of antenna array dynamic configuration |
US20130229309A1 (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2013-09-05 | Nokia Siemens Networks Oy | Beam alignment method utilizing omni-directional sounding and use thereof |
JP5961139B2 (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2016-08-02 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Wireless communication system, transmitter, and receiver |
CN104768099B (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2018-02-13 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Mode Beam-former and frequency domain bandwidth realization method for annular battle array |
JP6438203B2 (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2018-12-12 | 株式会社Nttドコモ | Base station and user equipment |
CN105474462B (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2019-10-25 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of three column phased array antenna of mixed structure double frequency dualbeam |
EP3086486A1 (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2016-10-26 | ABB Technology Ltd | A communication network, a power converter cabinet and a method therefore |
FR3041167B1 (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2019-05-31 | Valeo Comfort And Driving Assistance | ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE USING A MOBILE TERMINAL |
KR20180108612A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2018-10-04 | 스태리 인코포레이티드 | High-frequency wireless access network |
DE102016213226A1 (en) * | 2016-02-12 | 2017-08-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Device and method for determining a position of a transmitter |
KR102614380B1 (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2023-12-15 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Communication method and apparatus using single radio frequency chain antenna |
WO2018167529A1 (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2018-09-20 | Mvg Industries | Method and system for the testing of an antenna comprising a plurality of radiating elements |
US10620293B2 (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2020-04-14 | The Boeing Company | Determining direction of arrival of an electromagnetic wave |
US11082098B2 (en) * | 2019-05-11 | 2021-08-03 | Marvell Asia Pte, Ltd. | Methods and apparatus for providing an adaptive beamforming antenna for OFDM-based communication systems |
KR102320236B1 (en) * | 2020-04-06 | 2021-11-02 | 주식회사 이노와이어리스 | apparatus for extracting the beam signal of base station via OTA connection |
Citations (38)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4121212A (en) * | 1975-11-21 | 1978-10-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Double sideband pulse radar |
US4721960A (en) * | 1986-07-15 | 1988-01-26 | Canadian Marconi Company | Beam forming antenna system |
US4947176A (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1990-08-07 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Multiple-beam antenna system |
US5276452A (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1994-01-04 | Raytheon Company | Scan compensation for array antenna on a curved surface |
US5510796A (en) * | 1984-12-31 | 1996-04-23 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Apparatus for wind shear compensation in an MTI radar system |
US5650868A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-07-22 | Compaq Computer Corporation | Data transfer system |
US5987037A (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 1999-11-16 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Multiple beam wireless telecommunication system |
US6014372A (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2000-01-11 | Lockheed Martin Corp. | Antenna beam congruency system for spacecraft cellular communications system |
US6038459A (en) * | 1992-10-19 | 2000-03-14 | Nortel Networks Corporation | Base station antenna arrangement |
US6130638A (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 2000-10-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for determining an azimuth angle and/or an elevation angle in a multibeam radar system |
US20020159431A1 (en) * | 2001-04-25 | 2002-10-31 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Radio communication system |
US20030035490A1 (en) * | 2001-05-09 | 2003-02-20 | Sridhar Gollamudi | Method for multiple antenna transmission using partial channel knowledge |
US20030092379A1 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2003-05-15 | Brothers Louis R. | Method and apparatus for received uplink-signal based adaptive downlink diversity within a communication system |
US20030103445A1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-06-05 | Nortel Networks Limited | Communication using simultaneous orthogonal signals |
US20030203743A1 (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2003-10-30 | Cognio, Inc. | Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radio Transceiver |
US20030202562A1 (en) * | 2000-11-24 | 2003-10-30 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method for achieving a large capacity of SCDMA spread communication system |
US6665545B1 (en) * | 1995-02-22 | 2003-12-16 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Jr. University | Method and apparatus for adaptive transmission beam forming in a wireless communication system |
US6665565B1 (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2003-12-16 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and a system for conducting failure mode recovery in an implanted medical device |
US20040004945A1 (en) * | 2001-10-22 | 2004-01-08 | Peter Monsen | Multiple access network and method for digital radio systems |
US20040014429A1 (en) * | 2000-08-15 | 2004-01-22 | Guo Yingjie Jay | Adaptive beam forming using a feedback signal |
US20040014503A1 (en) * | 2000-11-23 | 2004-01-22 | Andreas Lobinger | Method and device for feedback transmission in a radio communication system |
US6690917B2 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2004-02-10 | Qualcomm Incorporated | System and method for automatic determination of azimuthal and elevation direction of directional antennas and calibration thereof |
US20040063430A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-01 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Mobile communications system and method for providing mobile unit handover in wireless communication systems that employ beamforming antennas |
US20040095907A1 (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2004-05-20 | Agee Brian G. | Method and apparatus for optimization of wireless multipoint electromagnetic communication networks |
US20040116146A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-06-17 | Sadowsky John S. | Cellular system with link diversity feedback |
US6816106B1 (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2004-11-09 | Walker Butler | Identification and location system for personnel and vehicles |
US6816120B2 (en) * | 2001-04-26 | 2004-11-09 | Nec Corporation | LAN antenna and reflector therefor |
US20050041750A1 (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2005-02-24 | Kin Nang Lau | System and method for multi-access MIMO channels with feedback capacity constraint |
US6992622B1 (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2006-01-31 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Wireless communication method and antenna system for determining direction of arrival information to form a three-dimensional beam used by a transceiver |
US20060068718A1 (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2006-03-30 | Qinghua Li | Compact feedback for closed loop MIMO |
US7164932B1 (en) * | 1998-09-22 | 2007-01-16 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Millimeter band signal transmitting/receiving system having function of transmitting/receiving millimeter band signal and house provided with the same |
US7193574B2 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2007-03-20 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Antenna for controlling a beam direction both in azimuth and elevation |
US7236808B2 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2007-06-26 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Vertical dynamic beam-forming |
US7245939B2 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2007-07-17 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Reducing the effect of signal interference in null areas caused by overlapping antenna patterns |
US20070291870A1 (en) * | 2001-02-01 | 2007-12-20 | Fujitsu Limited | Communications systems |
US7428228B2 (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2008-09-23 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | Method and apparatus for detecting active downlink channelization codes in a TD-CDMA mobile communication system |
US7656936B2 (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2010-02-02 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and system for interference reduction in a wireless communication network using a joint detector |
US7676007B1 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2010-03-09 | Jihoon Choi | System and method for interpolation based transmit beamforming for MIMO-OFDM with partial feedback |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09191209A (en) * | 1996-01-10 | 1997-07-22 | Nec Corp | Weight controller |
US6377558B1 (en) * | 1998-04-06 | 2002-04-23 | Ericsson Inc. | Multi-signal transmit array with low intermodulation |
US6304214B1 (en) * | 1999-05-07 | 2001-10-16 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Antenna array system having coherent and noncoherent reception characteristics |
AU1194801A (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-06-06 | Motorola, Inc. | Earth-fixed beams from a space vehicle |
KR20020010023A (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2002-02-02 | 윤종용 | Adaptive beamforming method for application to code division multiple access wireless communication system |
KR100499472B1 (en) * | 2000-12-06 | 2005-07-07 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Beamforming System using Adaptive Array in Forward Link |
KR100500538B1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2005-07-12 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Adaptive Array Antenna System using Multi-User Detection in Mobile Communication System and Multi-User Detection method using its |
JP3926561B2 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2007-06-06 | 株式会社エヌ・ティ・ティ・ドコモ | Mobile communication system |
CN1172549C (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2004-10-20 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | Method for transmitting high speed down stream packet switched data in intelligence antenna mobile communication system |
JP2004040168A (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-02-05 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Radio station direction estimating/radio wave emitting apparatus |
-
2004
- 2004-12-16 US US11/014,290 patent/US7551680B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-09-13 CN CN2005800368205A patent/CN101375522B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-13 WO PCT/US2005/032676 patent/WO2006049705A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-09-13 CA CA002584316A patent/CA2584316A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-09-13 JP JP2007538911A patent/JP2008518554A/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-09-13 EP EP05818816A patent/EP1805910A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-09-13 KR KR1020077014436A patent/KR20070086632A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-09-13 KR KR1020077011200A patent/KR100902810B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-13 MX MX2007005034A patent/MX2007005034A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-09-14 TW TW098100242A patent/TW200943779A/en unknown
- 2005-09-14 TW TW094131745A patent/TWI292261B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-14 TW TW095112741A patent/TW200709595A/en unknown
- 2005-09-14 TW TW102116436A patent/TW201347453A/en unknown
-
2007
- 2007-05-25 NO NO20072675A patent/NO20072675L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2009
- 2009-06-05 US US12/479,260 patent/US20090245411A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4121212A (en) * | 1975-11-21 | 1978-10-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Double sideband pulse radar |
US5510796A (en) * | 1984-12-31 | 1996-04-23 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Apparatus for wind shear compensation in an MTI radar system |
US4721960A (en) * | 1986-07-15 | 1988-01-26 | Canadian Marconi Company | Beam forming antenna system |
US4947176A (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1990-08-07 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Multiple-beam antenna system |
US5276452A (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1994-01-04 | Raytheon Company | Scan compensation for array antenna on a curved surface |
US6038459A (en) * | 1992-10-19 | 2000-03-14 | Nortel Networks Corporation | Base station antenna arrangement |
US6665545B1 (en) * | 1995-02-22 | 2003-12-16 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Jr. University | Method and apparatus for adaptive transmission beam forming in a wireless communication system |
US5650868A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-07-22 | Compaq Computer Corporation | Data transfer system |
US5987037A (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 1999-11-16 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Multiple beam wireless telecommunication system |
US6130638A (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 2000-10-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for determining an azimuth angle and/or an elevation angle in a multibeam radar system |
US6014372A (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2000-01-11 | Lockheed Martin Corp. | Antenna beam congruency system for spacecraft cellular communications system |
US7164932B1 (en) * | 1998-09-22 | 2007-01-16 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Millimeter band signal transmitting/receiving system having function of transmitting/receiving millimeter band signal and house provided with the same |
US6665565B1 (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2003-12-16 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and a system for conducting failure mode recovery in an implanted medical device |
US20040095907A1 (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2004-05-20 | Agee Brian G. | Method and apparatus for optimization of wireless multipoint electromagnetic communication networks |
US20040014429A1 (en) * | 2000-08-15 | 2004-01-22 | Guo Yingjie Jay | Adaptive beam forming using a feedback signal |
US20040014503A1 (en) * | 2000-11-23 | 2004-01-22 | Andreas Lobinger | Method and device for feedback transmission in a radio communication system |
US7089039B2 (en) * | 2000-11-23 | 2006-08-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for feedback transmission in a radio communication system |
US20030202562A1 (en) * | 2000-11-24 | 2003-10-30 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method for achieving a large capacity of SCDMA spread communication system |
US20070291870A1 (en) * | 2001-02-01 | 2007-12-20 | Fujitsu Limited | Communications systems |
US20020159431A1 (en) * | 2001-04-25 | 2002-10-31 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Radio communication system |
US6816120B2 (en) * | 2001-04-26 | 2004-11-09 | Nec Corporation | LAN antenna and reflector therefor |
US20030035490A1 (en) * | 2001-05-09 | 2003-02-20 | Sridhar Gollamudi | Method for multiple antenna transmission using partial channel knowledge |
US20040004945A1 (en) * | 2001-10-22 | 2004-01-08 | Peter Monsen | Multiple access network and method for digital radio systems |
US6690917B2 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2004-02-10 | Qualcomm Incorporated | System and method for automatic determination of azimuthal and elevation direction of directional antennas and calibration thereof |
US20030092379A1 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2003-05-15 | Brothers Louis R. | Method and apparatus for received uplink-signal based adaptive downlink diversity within a communication system |
US20030103445A1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-06-05 | Nortel Networks Limited | Communication using simultaneous orthogonal signals |
US20030203743A1 (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2003-10-30 | Cognio, Inc. | Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radio Transceiver |
US7236808B2 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2007-06-26 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Vertical dynamic beam-forming |
US7245939B2 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2007-07-17 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Reducing the effect of signal interference in null areas caused by overlapping antenna patterns |
US20040063430A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-01 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Mobile communications system and method for providing mobile unit handover in wireless communication systems that employ beamforming antennas |
US20040116146A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-06-17 | Sadowsky John S. | Cellular system with link diversity feedback |
US7656936B2 (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2010-02-02 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and system for interference reduction in a wireless communication network using a joint detector |
US6816106B1 (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2004-11-09 | Walker Butler | Identification and location system for personnel and vehicles |
US7428228B2 (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2008-09-23 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | Method and apparatus for detecting active downlink channelization codes in a TD-CDMA mobile communication system |
US20050041750A1 (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2005-02-24 | Kin Nang Lau | System and method for multi-access MIMO channels with feedback capacity constraint |
US7676007B1 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2010-03-09 | Jihoon Choi | System and method for interpolation based transmit beamforming for MIMO-OFDM with partial feedback |
US20060068718A1 (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2006-03-30 | Qinghua Li | Compact feedback for closed loop MIMO |
US6992622B1 (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2006-01-31 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Wireless communication method and antenna system for determining direction of arrival information to form a three-dimensional beam used by a transceiver |
US7193574B2 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2007-03-20 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Antenna for controlling a beam direction both in azimuth and elevation |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8532589B2 (en) * | 2005-05-11 | 2013-09-10 | Nokia Siemens Networks Gmbh & Co. Kg | Beam-hopping in a radio communications system |
US20090221314A1 (en) * | 2005-05-11 | 2009-09-03 | Honglin Hu | Beam-hopping in a radio communications system |
US8305258B2 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2012-11-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Radar device |
US20120139644A1 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2012-06-07 | Cambridge Silicon Radio Limited | Dual use transistor |
US8989679B2 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2015-03-24 | Cambridge Silicon Radio Limited | Dual use transistor |
US9660713B2 (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2017-05-23 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for obtaining channel direction information |
US10305561B2 (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2019-05-28 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Communication method and apparatus using beamforming |
WO2016085266A1 (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-06-02 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Communication method and apparatus using beamforming |
US10454551B2 (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2019-10-22 | Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd. | Communication method and apparatus for configuring measurement parameters using beamforming |
US20170016974A1 (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-01-19 | Huawei Technologies Canada Co., Ltd. | Waveguide structure for use in direction-of-arrival determination system and associated determination method |
US10564249B2 (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2020-02-18 | Huawei Technologies Canada Co., Ltd. | Waveguide structure for use in direction-of-arrival determination system and associated determination method |
US10381723B2 (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2019-08-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Wireless communication apparatus |
US10044100B2 (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-08-07 | Nidec Elesys Corporation | On-vehicle radar device |
US20170187102A1 (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-29 | Nidec Elesys Corporation | On-vehicle radar device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060093055A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
KR20070086632A (en) | 2007-08-27 |
TW201347453A (en) | 2013-11-16 |
KR100902810B1 (en) | 2009-06-12 |
MX2007005034A (en) | 2007-06-19 |
WO2006049705A2 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
CN101375522B (en) | 2011-08-31 |
KR20070085388A (en) | 2007-08-27 |
TWI292261B (en) | 2008-01-01 |
TW200709595A (en) | 2007-03-01 |
JP2008518554A (en) | 2008-05-29 |
NO20072675L (en) | 2007-07-27 |
TW200618516A (en) | 2006-06-01 |
WO2006049705A3 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
TW200943779A (en) | 2009-10-16 |
EP1805910A4 (en) | 2008-04-02 |
US7551680B2 (en) | 2009-06-23 |
EP1805910A2 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
CA2584316A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
CN101375522A (en) | 2009-02-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7551680B2 (en) | Wireless communication method and apparatus for forming, steering and selectively receiving a sufficient number of usable beam paths in both azimuth and elevation | |
JP4542141B2 (en) | Satellite communication subscriber device with smart antenna and related method | |
US6992622B1 (en) | Wireless communication method and antenna system for determining direction of arrival information to form a three-dimensional beam used by a transceiver | |
US6757267B1 (en) | Antenna diversity system | |
US6870515B2 (en) | MIMO wireless communication system | |
Chizhik et al. | Effect of antenna separation on the capacity of BLAST in correlated channels | |
US9107082B2 (en) | Array antenna arrangement | |
US6771988B2 (en) | Radio communication apparatus using adaptive antenna | |
US6005516A (en) | Diversity among narrow antenna beams | |
US7440766B1 (en) | Method for employing multipath propagation in wireless radio communications | |
US20050266902A1 (en) | Multiple transmission channel wireless communication systems | |
Chelouah et al. | Angular diversity based on beam switching of circular arrays for HIPERLAN terminals | |
Zhu et al. | Combined beamforming with space-time block coding using double antenna array group | |
JP2004517549A (en) | MIMO wireless communication system | |
KR100897838B1 (en) | Satellite communication subscriber device with a smart antenna and associated method | |
Burr | Channel capacity evaluation of multi-element antenna systems using a spatial channel model | |
US20050285810A1 (en) | Directional dual frequency antenna arrangement | |
JPH08279780A (en) | Receiver | |
Weiß | Digital Antenna | |
Hoseyni et al. | M-ary beam angle shift keying modulation for MIMO channels | |
Andersen | Intelligent antennas in a scattering environment-an overview | |
US20020183065A1 (en) | Method and system for transmitting data between a base transceiver station and a subscriber unit | |
Miura et al. | A land‐mobile satellite tracking experiment with a DBF self‐beam steering array antenna | |
Joshi | Four Branch Diversity Combining And Adaptive Beamforming Measurements using Mobile Arrays at 2.05 GHz | |
Kaifas et al. | On the performance aspects of a cylindrical beamforming array |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |