US20110264371A1

US20110264371A1 - Route calculation method for a vehicle navigation system

Info

Publication number: US20110264371A1
Application number: US13/177,846
Authority: US
Inventors: Robert Uyeki; Kazuya Tamura; Eric Shigeru Ohki; Maja Kurciska
Original assignee: Honda Motor Co Ltd
Current assignee: Honda Motor Co Ltd
Priority date: 2004-04-06
Filing date: 2011-07-07
Publication date: 2011-10-27
Anticipated expiration: 2025-03-30
Also published as: US20050222764A1; US8005609B2; US20100324810A1; US7818121B2; US8055443B1; US20100121565A1; US7881863B2; US7979206B2; US7680596B2; US20110160989A1; US20110046872A1

Abstract

Traffic information, including flow information and incident information, obtained through a traffic management system for providing and facilitating the exchange of traffic information between a remote location and a vehicle may be used in route calculation by a navigation device. The navigation device may recalculate a route based on anticipated user error. Alternatively, the navigation device may recalculate a route using received traffic information triggered by the receipt of a traffic information update, or triggered by the passage of an amount of time. The broadcast rate of traffic information updates may vary temporally (providing more frequent updates during peak commute times) or geographically (providing more frequent updates to metropolitan areas with increased traffic information needs). If route calculation is triggered by an elapsed amount of time, the amount of time may vary to be shorter during peak commute times. Additional route calculation techniques allow the incorporation of historical traffic information or the use of the most recent traffic information if incomplete traffic information is available. Still further route calculation techniques may calculate a best route by avoiding zigzagging or evaluating an assigned cost of a potential route.

Description

RELATED APPLICATION INFORMATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/043,875, entitled “Route Calculation Method for a Vehicle Navigation System,” filed on Mar. 9, 2011 and allowed on May 18, 2011, which application is a continuation of U.S. Pat. No. 7,979,206, filed on Nov. 1, 2010, and issued on Jul. 12, 2011, which application is a divisional of U.S. Pat. No. 7,881,863, filed on Aug. 27, 2010, and issued on Feb. 1, 2011, which application is a divisional of U.S. Pat. No. 7,818,121, filed on Jan. 21, 2010, and issued on Oct. 19, 2010, which application is a divisional of U.S. Pat. No. 7,680,596, filed on Mar. 30, 2005 and issued on Mar. 16, 2010, which application claims the benefit pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/560,087, entitled “Method and System for Traffic Management Between a Vehicle and a Remote Location,” which was filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Apr. 6, 2004, the contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety into this disclosure.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a system for providing information between vehicles and a remote location and for providing traffic management and vehicle navigation information between a vehicle and the remote location, and more specifically to a system and method for calculating routes by a traffic management system.
2. Description of Related Art
Navigation systems for determining a route from a start point to a destination point are well known in the art. In addition, navigation systems having capabilities for determining the geographic position of a reference point are also well known in the art (e.g., a Global Positioning System (GPS) or a self-contained system having distance and bearing sensors). As an example, a commonly used navigation system allows a user (or driver) of a vehicle to enter a destination place into the navigation system. The navigation system then looks up an appropriate route from an original point (using its geographic positioning capabilities) to the destination point in a road' map database (e.g., the route may be a route having the shortest distance from the start point to the destination, one which would take the vehicle the least time, or some other route), and guides the user to the destination point along the searched route through a visual display or vocal guide.
In searching the appropriate route, some types of mobile navigation system use traffic information (e.g., position data on traffic jams; information on roads closed by accidents, construction, or maintenance; lane-regulated locations) delivered from a traffic information supplier in addition to using the road map database. Conventionally, however, known methods for providing and utilizing the above-described traffic information for navigation remain very inflexible, cumbersome, and inefficient. For example, one method uses a one-to-one communication system to individually send traffic information streams to a particular vehicle in an attempt to send vehicle specific data to the particular vehicle. A drawback with this method is that many vehicles require the same information. For example, several vehicles might require the same regional traffic information. This method, therefore, requires the transmittal of the same information several times to a plurality of vehicles, which results in a waste of precious bandwidth. As known in the art, wireless network bandwidth is extremely sensitive to network capacity.
In other methods, the same traffic information is transmitted to all vehicles. The drawback with these methods is that many vehicles are inundated with a large amount of unwanted traffic information. Users and/or navigation systems are required to sift through the redundant, superfluous, or otherwise unwanted information to pick out pertinent traffic information.
As a result, there remains a need for systems and methods that allow for the transmittal of vehicle-related traffic information from a remote location to a vehicle and that allow for the selective transmittal of vehicle related information from a vehicle to a remote location. Moreover, it is desired that the navigation system be provided with enough information to properly determine efficient routes without being inundated with redundant, useless, and/or superfluous information. There is also a need that the information be provided to a user in a useful, efficient, and easily understandable manner. Accordingly, it would be very desirable to provide a traffic management architecture that overcomes the above-described shortcomings of the prior art while retaining their advantages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention addresses the shortcomings of the prior art systems and methods. In particular, the present invention is directed to a system and method for calculating routes from a current position to a destination, while incorporating traffic information exchanged between a remote location and a vehicle.
Aspects of the traffic management system are directed to a navigation device, located on a vehicle, that receives broadcast information such as traffic information from a one-to-many communication network (e.g., a XM satellite communication network) and receives/transmits two-way communications from/to a back channel network (e.g., a wireless or Wi-Fi communication network). The traffic information broadcast over the system of the present invention generally includes traffic flow information (such as traffic speed information for roadways and freeways and other traffic flow or congestion information), and traffic incident information (such as accident information, construction information, weather-related event information, and other traffic incident information). Traffic information used by the system of the present invention may also include information calculated from underlying traffic flow or incident information, e.g., the mileage or estimated travel time on a route that has higher traffic flow speeds that an originally calculated route.
More specifically, the present invention encompasses a route calculation system and methods addressed to providing route calculation functionality for a traffic management system. Various embodiments of the present invention are addressed to using traffic information to calculate routes. In one embodiment, a new route is calculated based only on new traffic information but not on user error (e.g., making a wrong turn). Another embodiment increases route calculations during rush hours. Yet another embodiment uses streaming traffic information and an internal process clock to trigger route recalculations at fixed and/or variable time intervals. The present invention also encompasses a method to increase or decrease the broadcast of traffic information based on commute times. Where a traffic incident or congestion is displayed to the user, the present invention provides a method to give a user the option of calculating a route that avoids the displayed incident or congestion. The present invention also encompasses a route calculation methodology for reducing zig-zagging of the calculated route.
Additionally, the present invention provides a system and methods for calculating routes when only incomplete traffic information is available. If the route calculation system and method of the present invention is not provided with actual traffic information, the navigation device can use back channel capabilities to create a historical database so that actual and historical traffic information can be used for route determination. Also, where extent information is not available for traffic information, the present invention encompasses a method that uses a time stamp to determine a route calculation. Further, the present invention provides various embodiments for calculating and utilizing a distance threshold that provides a distance value at which it is likely that a traffic problem location that exists past this distance value from a current location of a vehicle will expire before the vehicle can reach the problem location. The present invention also provides a method for coordinating traffic signals using probe and flow sensor data.
A more complete understanding of the system and method for traffic management between a vehicle and a remote location will be afforded to those skilled in the art, as well as a realization of additional advantages and objects thereof, by a consideration of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment. Reference will be made to the appended sheets of drawings which will first be described briefly.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 a is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a system pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 1 b is a schematic diagram of a broadcast communication network pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 1 c is a schematic diagram of a navigation device in communication with a mobile unit pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an alternate embodiment of a system pursuant to aspects of the invention.

FIG. 3 a is a flow diagram of an embodiment for ensuring quality and reliability of traffic information provided to a vehicle pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 3 b is a flow diagram of an alternate embodiment for ensuring quality and reliability of traffic information provided to a vehicle pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system for coordinating traffic signals pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of an embodiment for coordinating traffic signals pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system for providing automated and personalized traffic information pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an alternate embodiment of a system for providing automated and personalized traffic information pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment for filtering traffic information pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 9 a is a flow diagram of an embodiment for filtering traffic information pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 9 b is a flow diagram of an alternate embodiment for filtering traffic information pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 9 c is a flow diagram of an another embodiment for filtering traffic information pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of an embodiment for providing weight factors and threshold prioritizing pursuant to aspects of the invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system that initiates a recalculation of a route when there is an upcoming turn pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 12 is another schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system that initiates a recalculation of a route when there is a upcoming turn pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system that performs a route calculation using traffic information broadcast from a remote location and/or a traffic supplier pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 14 is another schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system that performs a route calculation using traffic information broadcast from a remote location and/or a traffic supplier pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 15 is a flow diagram of an embodiment that uses every traffic information update to act as a trigger for route calculation and recalculation pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 16 is a flow diagram of an embodiment that uses every traffic information update to act as a trigger for route calculation but does not recalculate to anticipate user error pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 17 is a flow diagram of an embodiment that uses streaming traffic information and an internal clock to trigger route calculation and/or recalculation pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 18 is a flow diagram of an embodiment that waits for a recalculation to finish and then calculates a new alternate route with traffic information pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 19 is a flow diagram of an embodiment that store the traffic information when recalculation is taking place pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIGS. 20 and 20 a illustrate an embodiment that stream traffic information and varies traffic information update triggers for route calculation and/or recalculation pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 21 illustrates an embodiment of a display system pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIGS. 22 a and 22 b illustrate a case where only traffic incident information is available and addressed by an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 23 is a flow diagram of an embodiment for combining actual and historical traffic information pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 24 is a flow diagram of an embodiment for providing a time stamp to traffic incident information and for using the time stamp to determine a route for calculation pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment for filtering traffic information without the need of a position determination unit pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 26 is a flow diagram of an embodiment for filtering traffic information without the need of a position determination unit pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment for filtering traffic information without the need of a position determination unit pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 28 a is a flow diagram of an embodiment for manual filtering traffic information without the need of a position determination unit pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 28 b is a flow diagram of an embodiment for automatic filtering traffic information without the need of a position determination unit pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of an another embodiment for filtering traffic information without the need of a position determination unit pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 30 is a flow diagram of an embodiment for filtering traffic information using time zones pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIGS. 31 a and 31 b illustrate an embodiment of a display system having traffic flow information and traffic incident information pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIGS. 32 a and 32 b illustrate an alternative embodiment of a display system having traffic flow information and traffic incident information pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 33 illustrates another embodiment of a display system having traffic flow information and traffic incident information pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 34 illustrates yet another embodiment of a display system pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 35 is a flow diagram of an embodiment for providing a pop-up window to convey certain traffic information details pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIGS. 36 a and 36 b illustrate an embodiment of a display system that displays only traffic information indicating traffic problems pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 37 is a flow diagram of an embodiment for showing a free-flow icon when no data is received on a particular traffic information sensor pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment for adding a header pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 39 is a flow diagram of an embodiment for adding a header and utilizing the header pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIGS. 40 and 42 are schematic diagrams of an embodiment for using triangulation of a plurality of repeaters to determine a position and for using the determined position to filter traffic information pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIGS. 41 and 43 are flow diagrams of an embodiment for using triangulation to determine a position and for using the determined position to filter traffic information pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 44 is a flow diagram of an embodiment for allowing a user to scroll to a needed traffic information pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 45 is a flow diagram of an embodiment for filtering traffic information based on a plurality of parameters entered by a user pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 46 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment for reducing the broadcast of redundant and/or static traffic information pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 47 is a flow diagram of an embodiment that provide an option for a user to avoid a traffic incident and/or congestion pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIGS. 48 a and 48 b illustrate an embodiment for avoiding a zigzag route pursuant to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 49 is a flow diagram of an embodiment that reduces zigzagging pursuant to aspects of the invention; and

FIGS. 50, 51, 52, 53 a, and 53 b illustrate embodiments for calculating and utilizing a distance threshold that provides a distance value at which it is likely that a traffic problem location that exists past this distance value from a current location of a vehicle will expire before the vehicle can reach the problem location pursuant to aspects of the inventions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention is directed to a system and method for facilitating the exchange of traffic information between a remote location and a vehicle. In particular, the present invention is directed to a system and method that includes a vehicle that exchanges traffic information with the remote location by way of one or more communication networks.
FIG. 1 a shows a first embodiment of a system for facilitating the exchange of information between a remote location 10 and a vehicle 12 pursuant to aspects of the invention. The vehicle 12 includes a navigation device 14. Referring now also to FIG. 1 c, the navigation device 14 may include an output unit 21, a receiver unit 22, an input unit 23, a position detection unit 25, a navigation memory unit 30, a navigation processor unit 26, and an RF transceiver unit 52 that are all in electrical communication with one another. The navigation memory unit 30 includes at least a portion of a user profile and, in some embodiments, includes the entire user profile. In addition, the navigation memory unit 30 includes a road map database portion and, in some embodiments, includes a disk reading unit for reading road map information not built into the navigation device 14. As is provided in greater detail below, the user profile and/or the road map database stored in the memory 30 may be updated in the vehicle by way of the input unit 23, which includes at least one of a keyboard, a touch sensitive display, and a microphone. The user profile and/or the road map database may also be updated by way of information received through the receiver unit 22 and/or the RF transceiver unit 52.
The receiver unit 22 receives information from the remote location 10 and, in one embodiment, is in communication with the remote location by way of a one-to-many communication system. One-to-many communication systems include systems that can send information from one source to a plurality of receivers, such as a broadcast network 31. Broadcast networks include television, radio, and satellite networks. Referring now to FIG. 1 b, in one embodiment, the broadcast network 31 is the XM Radio satellite network 40, which comprises broadcast towers 42, satellite servers (not shown), and satellites 43. The broadcast towers 42 transmit information to the satellites 43, which bounce the information back down to the receiver unit 22 of the navigation device 14.
Referring now back to FIG. 1 a, the information received by the receiver 22 may be processed by the navigation processor unit 26. The processed information may then be displayed by way of the output unit 21, which includes at least one of a display and a speaker. In one embodiment, the receiver unit 22, the navigation processor unit 26 and the output unit 21 are provided access to only subsets of the received broadcast information based on user preferences and/or traffic information demands. The user preferences, as well as user identity information and traffic-related information, can be part of the user profile.
The position detection unit 25 may include a GPS receiver that communicates with a plurality of GPS satellites (separate from the XM satellites) to determine the position of the vehicle 12. For example, the GPS receiver searches for and collects GPS information (or signals) broadcast from four or more GPS satellites that are in view of the GPS receiver. Next, using the time interval between the broadcast time and reception time of each broadcast signal, the GPS receiver calculates the distance between the GPS receiver and each of the four or more GPS satellites. These distance measurements, along with the position and time information received in the broadcast signals, allow the GPS receiver to calculate the geographic position of the vehicle 12.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 a, the mobile unit 18 is used to receive and transmit information from and to the remote location 10; and, in an alternate embodiment shown in FIG. 2, an RF transceiver 252 is used to receive and transmit information from and to the remote location 210. The mobile unit 18 may be a wireless phone or any other device that communicates with other devices by way of the wireless communication network 46. As shown in FIG. 1 c, the mobile unit 100 of the present invention includes a wireless receiver 32, a wireless transmitter 34, a mobile unit processor 40, and an RF transceiver unit 54 that are in communication with one another. The mobile unit 18 is in two-way communication with the remote location 10 by way of the receiver 32, the transmitter 34, and the wireless communication network 46, which comprises numerous base stations. In one embodiment, information is transmitted from or to the vehicle or remote location over a high bandwidth GPRS/1×RTT channel of the wireless communication network 46. If the high bandwidth channel is unavailable, a low bandwidth DTMF channel is used. The receiver 32 receives information from the remote location 10, and the transmitter 34 transmits information to the remote location 10. In other embodiments described below in greater detail, the transmitter 34 also transmits information to suppliers of traffic or other information 48, 50.
In one embodiment, the information received from and transmitted to the remote location 10 by way of the mobile unit 18 is accessed by the user through the navigation device 14, which is in communication with the mobile unit 18. The mobile unit 18 may be embedded in the vehicle 12 and be in communication with the navigation device 14 by, for example, a cable (not shown).
In another embodiment, the navigation device 14 and mobile unit 18 are in communication with one another by way of RF transceiver units 54 and 52. Both the navigation device 14 and the mobile unit 18 include RF transceiver units 52, 54, which, in one embodiment, comply with the Bluetooth® wireless data communication format. The RF transceiver units 52, 54 allow the navigation device 14 and the mobile unit 18 to communicate with one another. In other embodiments not shown, the receiver 32 and transmitter 14 of the mobile unit 18 and the receiver unit 20 of the navigation device 14 allow the navigation device 14 and mobile unit 18 to communicate with one another. In yet other embodiments, there may be an RF transceiver that is separate from the navigation device 14 and the mobile unit 18 and that allows the navigation device 14 and mobile unit 18 to communicate with one another.
In the alternate embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the navigation device 214 transmits and receives information to and from the remote location 210 by way of the RF transceiver 252, access points 270, 272, and gateways 274, 276 that are in communication with the network 262. In one embodiment, the RF transceiver 252 and the access points 270, 272 are compliant with the IEEE 802.11 specification, and such transceivers and access points include Wi-Fi®-certified equipment. The access points 270, 272 are typically in communication with the gateways 274, 276 by way of a cable, and the gateways are in communication with the remote location 210 by way of the network 262. The access points 270, 272 are in communication with the RF transceiver 252 and have a limited range over which they can communicate with the RF transceiver 252. Thus, it is preferable that there be numerous access points 270, 272 positioned so that the distance between the access points and the areas through which a vehicle 12 might pass is less than or equal to the limited range of the access points. When the access points 270,272 are so positioned, the RF transceiver 252 effectively exchanges information with the access points 270, 272 and, thus, the remote location 210.
Note that in the alternate embodiment of FIG. 2, the navigation device 214 also includes input and output units, a receiver unit, a memory unit, and a processor unit, none of which are shown. The components of the alternate navigation device embodiment 214 have the same functionality as do the components of the navigation device 14 of the first embodiment.
The remote location 10, 210 includes a remote server 44, 244, a remote transmitter 56, 256 and receiver 58, 258, and a remote memory 60, 260 that are in communication with one another. As provided above, in the first embodiment, the remote transmitter and receiver 56, 58 communicate with the navigation device 14 and mobile unit 100 by way of the broadcast 31 and wireless 46 communication networks, respectively. In the alternate embodiment, the remote transmitter and receiver 256, 258 communicate with the navigation device 214, including the RF transceiver 252, by way of the broadcast communication network 231 and a network 262. The remote location 10,210 is also in communication with suppliers of traffic and/or other information 48, 50, 248, 250 such as government traffic information suppliers, private traffic information suppliers, and users of other vehicles, by way of the network 62, 262.
In both the first and alternate embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the network 62, 262 is typically a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet. In other embodiments, some of the information suppliers 48, 50, 248, 250, such as the government and private traffic information suppliers, may be in communication with the remote location 10, 210 by way of a local area network (LAN), while other information providers 48, 50, 248, 250 such as the vehicle users, are in communication with the remote location by way of the Internet. In yet other embodiments, the RF transceiver 252 is in communication with the remote location 210 and/or the information providers 248, 250 by way of a network 262 that is an LAN. In these other embodiments, the LAN 262 is compliant with the IEEE 802.3 specification or is an Ethernet network.
As provided in greater detail below, the information suppliers 48, 50, 248, 250 may transmit updated user profiles and traffic-related information to the remote location 10, 210. A plurality of user profiles are in a user profile database, which, along with traffic-related information, is stored in the remote memory 60, 260. The updated user profiles and new traffic-related information are transmitted from the remote location 10, 210 to the navigation device 14, 214 by way of the broadcast network 31, 231. In other embodiments, the new traffic-related information and updated user profiles may be transmitted to the vehicles 12, 212 by way of the wireless network 46 or the network 262. At the vehicle, the user profile stored in the memory 30 of the navigation device 14 is updated, and the vehicle-related information is made accessible to the user by way of the output unit 26 of the navigation device 14. In other embodiments, the information providers may communicate directly with the mobile unit 18 or RF transceiver 252 by way of the wireless communication network 46 or the network 262.
FIG. 3 a shows an embodiment for ensuring quality and reliability of traffic information provided to the navigation device 14, 214 pursuant to aspects of the invention. The embodiment uses the navigation device 14, 214 (including its position detection unit 24) on the vehicle 12, 212 to determine vehicle location and to detect sensor error or errors on a road segment/lane (e.g., speed sensors on a freeway lane/segment). The embodiment then uses the wireless network 46 or the network 262 to communicate the position determination and the error detection data from the navigation device 14, 214 to the remote location 10, 610 and/or traffic information suppliers 48, 248 in an effort to refine the traffic information provided. At step 300, the navigation device 14, 214 uses its position detection unit 24 to determine vehicle location and speed data. The vehicle's location and speed data is then communicated over the wireless communication network 46 or the network 262 to the remote location 10, 210.
At step 305, the remote location 14, 214, via its remote server or servers 44, 244, processes and passes the vehicle location and speed data to traffic information supplier or suppliers 48, 248. The data from the remote location is transmitted over the network 62 or the network 262 to the traffic information supplier or suppliers 48, 248. In one embodiment, the data is processed at the remote location 14, 214 by filtering the information based on predetermined criteria and translating the information into a format acceptable to the traffic information supplier or suppliers 48, 248. At step 310, the transmitted vehicle location and vehicle speed data is processed at a database of the traffic information supplier or suppliers 48, 248. At step 315, the vehicle's location and speed data (i.e., the back channel data) is compared with sensor data from a speed sensor on a lane of a freeway to determine the difference between the vehicle speed data and the sensor speed data. The location of the speed sensor corresponds to the location of the vehicle where the vehicle's location and speed data was detected. At step 320, a quantized differential action scheme based on a range of the speed differences between the vehicle speed data and the sensor speed data is used to determine action items. FIG. 3 shows that a difference of zero (0) to ten (10) mph is acceptable, a difference of eleven (11) to fifteen (15) mph triggers an automatic alert to check the speed difference and speed sensor, a difference of sixteen (16) to twenty (20) mph triggers an automatic alert to monitor the speed of the sensor, a difference of twenty-one (21) to twenty-five (25) mph triggers an automatic replacement alert, and a difference of twenty-six (26) or more mph triggers automatic replacement or maintenance of the sensor. Once the appropriate action item has been determined, at step 325, the refined traffic information data (e.g., with corrected speed sensor data) is broadcast to a plurality of vehicles that may include vehicle 12, 212, by way of the broadcast network 31, 231.
The above-described mechanisms and process for ensuring quality and reliability of traffic information are for exemplary purposes only, and the invention is not limited thereby. For example, FIG. 3 b shows an alternate embodiment that uses a quantized percentage differential method. In this method, as shown in steps 330 and 335, a percentage difference between the vehicle speed data and the speed sensor data is used to select an action item from a plurality of action items rather than using the actual differences between the vehicle speed data and the speed sensor data. That is, at step 330, the vehicle's location and speed data (i.e., the back channel data) is compared with sensor data from a speed sensor on a lane of a freeway to determine a percentage (%) difference in speed of the vehicle speed data and the sensor speed data. At step 335, a percentage quantized differential action scheme based on a range of the percentages of difference of the sensor speed data to the back channel data is used to select an action from a plurality of action items to be taken. FIG. 3 b shows that a difference of less than 20% of the sensor speed data to the back channel data is acceptable, a 21% to 30% difference triggers an automatic alert to check the speed sensor, a 31% to 40% difference triggers an automatic alert to monitor the speed of the sensor, a 41% to 50% difference triggers an automatic replacement alert, and a greater than 50% difference triggers the automatic replacement or maintenance of the sensor.
Note that, in the alternate embodiment of FIG. 3 b, the embodiment also includes the transmission and processing steps 300, 305, 310, and 325 described above for FIG. 3 a. In addition, the steps of FIG. 3 b use the same devices, units, and/or components as the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 a. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are other ways to process the traffic-related information to ensure quality and reliability.
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment for coordinating traffic signals pursuant to aspects of the invention. The embodiment uses the navigation device's position determination unit (e.g., the GPS) and back channel capabilities (e.g., the wireless communication network 46 or the network 262). The embodiment includes a navigation device (e.g., a device 14, 214 shown in FIGS. 1 a, 2) having a position detection unit (e.g., unit 24 shown in FIG. 1 c). The navigation device is located on a vehicle 412 and is used to determine the location and speed of the vehicle 412 and to coordinate traffic signals 445 (e.g., freeway off-ramp signals). More specifically, the embodiment uses back channel communication 446 to communicate the speed and location of the vehicle 412 detected from the navigation device (e.g., 14, 214) to a remote location 410. The remote location 410 then transmits the speed and location of the vehicle to a traffic information supplier 448 that passes this information to a signal control center 450 (e.g., a city traffic center). The signal control center then adjusts, coordinates, and manages the traffic signals 445 based on the information from the traffic information supplier 448.
In general, according to FIG. 4, the embodiment provides a method for coordinating traffic signals, as diagrammed in FIG. 5. At step 505, the method receives probe and flow sensor data (e.g., data on the position of the vehicle, the speed of the vehicle, and the average speed of vehicles on a lane of a road). At step 510, the method displays the flow-sensor data. At step 515, the difference in speed between various lanes 460 of a roadway (e.g., a freeway) and the location of the vehicle 412 are determined. If the difference in speed between lanes 460 is less then twenty (20) mph and the vehicle 412 is within an amount of miles from the off-ramp (e.g., within a predetermined amount miles of the off-ramp), the signal length or signal timing for the traffic signals 455 is increased pursuant to step 520 and the chart shown below.


	Distance from off-ramp	Increase signal length

	>0.25 miles	10%
	>0.5 miles	15%
	>0.75 miles	20%
	>1.0 miles	30%
	>1.25 miles	40%
	>1.5 miles	50%

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above method for coordinating traffic signals (e.g., by using lane averaging to clear freeway off-ramps) alleviates problems that occur when traffic-flow sensors are not available or not accurate and reduces the potential for accidents. It should be appreciated that the above-described mechanisms and process for coordinating traffic signals are for exemplary purposes only and that the invention is not limited thereby.
FIG. 6 shows an embodiment for providing automated and personalized traffic information so that a user of a navigation device 614 located on a vehicle 612 does not have to wait for traffic information. The embodiment allows the user of the navigation device 614 to preset its commute preferences (e.g., 7 a.m. home to work; 5 p.m. work to home) so that traffic information from the traffic information supplier 648 and/or remote location 610 can be pre-provided or pre-broadcast to the navigation device 614 via a broadcast network 631. More specifically, rather than require the user to input its destination point in the navigation device 614, the present embodiment allows the user to store an address/destination in a memory unit (e.g., unit 30 in FIG. 1 c) of the navigation device 614. In addition, rather than requiring the user to wait for the traffic information to be updated by the traffic information supplier 648 and for the user route to be calculated by the navigation device 614, the present embodiment allows the user to set its commute preferences in an owner link 615 (e.g., a database) located in the remote location 610 so that traffic information can be pre-broadcast to the navigation device 614. That is, the present embodiment allows a user to (1) set an address/destination in a memory unit (e.g., unit 30 in FIG. 1 c) of the navigation device 614 and (2) set its commute preferences in an owner link 615 (e.g., a database) via the remote location 610 so that traffic information can be pre-broadcast to the navigation device 614.
The above-described mechanisms and process for providing automated and personalized traffic reports are for exemplary purposes only and the invention is not limited thereby. For example, FIG. 7 shows an alternate embodiment that automatically stores historical data of the user to determine when traffic information should be pre-provided. In this embodiment, based on historical commute patterns, the embodiment uses back channel communication 746 to store start times and addresses on a remote location 710 such that no address input is required. This embodiment automates an owner link function (e.g., 615 on FIG. 6) for traffic information by storing the pertinent commute information to memory with an internal clock (e.g., a GPS internal clock) of the navigation device 714 to determine when to gather traffic information data and begin route calculations. The gathering of the traffic information data and the calculation of routes are performed before the user enters the vehicle 712 with the navigation device 714. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above method further increases the convenience for providing automated and personalized traffic reports as compared to the method and system described with respect to FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 shows a method for filtering traffic information. Traffic information broadcast from a traffic information supplier to a fifteen (15) mile radius 800 from a user's location is filtered to expedite traffic calculation. This filtering embodiment saves on processing hardware and/or a bandwidth requirement of a navigation device and/or the traffic supplier. More specifically, the traffic information supplier broadcasts nationwide traffic information into twenty (20) smaller metropolitan area-wide information (or metros). The present filtering embodiment uses position information (e.g., GPS location information) at the start-up of the navigation device or from the memory of the navigation device if the navigation device is unable to acquire position information not only to filter the needed metro from the nationwide traffic information but also to filter down the needed metro to specific user applicable area. That is, in the present embodiment, each traffic communication packet between the navigation device and its traffic supplier includes information on metro location and filtering information for further filtering the traffic information to a fifteen (15) mile radius from a user's location.
In general, according to FIG. 8, the embodiment provides a method for real time filtering of traffic updates, as diagrammed in FIG. 9 a. At step 900, the method determines the location of the navigation device (e.g., a GPS location). At step 905, the method receives traffic information (e.g., U.S. traffic information). At step 910, the method determines whether the traffic information is within a predetermined radius of the navigation device or fifteen (15) mile radius of the navigation device. If the traffic information is within the predetermined radius, the navigation device then calculates a route for the user of the navigation device using the filtered traffic information at step 915. However, if the traffic information is not within the predetermined radius, then the traffic information is discarded at step 920.
The above-described method for real time traffic update filtering are for exemplary purposes only and the invention is not limited thereby. For example, FIG. 9 b shows an alternate method that uses GPS location information to automatically filter traffic information based on a location of the navigation device. However, if there is still too much traffic information due to additional congestion in a specific metro for the navigation device to display/calculate effectively, the method uses decreasing radius(es) to display/calculate information in the specific metro. In this method, as shown in step 900, a location of a navigation device (e.g., a GPS location) is determined. At step 907, the method receives traffic information for a specific metro. At step 930, the method determines whether the traffic information is approaching a memory capacity level (e.g., a 90% memory capacity level) of the navigation device. If the traffic information is approaching the memory capacity, the method then selects a step-to-step criteria for filtering the traffic information pursuant to steps 935, 940, and 945 and the chart shown below. Steps 935, 940, and 945 are repeated until the memory capacity of the navigation device is below the predetermined capacity level. The method then move to step 950 to calculate a route using the filtered traffic information. The calculated result is displayed at step 955.


Step	Criteria

1	Entire Metro incident and flow
	(i/f info)
2	Distance = 15 miles (i/f info)
3	Distance = 10 mi (i/f info)
4	Distance = 7.5 mi (i/f info)
5	Dist = 5 mi (i/f info)

FIG. 9 c shows another method for filtering traffic information. This method monitors memory capacity to maximize an available metro traffic information and to increase the traffic information available for calculation by a navigation device. As shown in step 900, the method determines a location of a navigation device (e.g., a GPS location). At step 907, the method receives traffic information for a specific metro. At step 960, the method determines whether the traffic information is approaching a memory capacity level (e.g., a 90% memory capacity level) of the navigation device. If the traffic information is not approaching the memory capacity, the method then selects a step-to-step criteria for reverse-filtering (or increasing) the available traffic information pursuant to steps 960, 965, 970, 975, and 980 and the chart shown below. Steps 960, 965, 970, 975, and 980 are repeated until the memory capacity of the navigation device is approaching the predetermined capacity level. The method then calculates a route using the reverse-filtered traffic information at step 985 and displays the calculated route at step 990.


Step	Criteria

1	Distance = 15 miles (i/f info)
2	Distance = 25 miles (i/f info)
3	Entire Metro incident and flow
	(i/f info)
4	Metro + adjacent Metro(s)

FIG. 10 shows a method for providing weight factors and threshold prioritization when a broadcast limit (e.g., an XM bandwidth limit) is close to being reached. The method is utilized with a broadcast network (e.g., an XM broadcast network) that broadcasts traffic information initially, for example, to twenty metropolitan areas (metros). The method prioritizes traffic information and maintains maximum bandwidth availability by assigning weight factors to each reported incident and broadcasting the traffic information based on the assigned weight factors. The assigning of the weight factors and the broadcasting of traffic information based on these factors would occur only when a certain preset broadcast threshold is met (e.g., 80% capacity of the network has been reached). At step 1005 of FIG. 10, a central processor at a remote location (e.g., 10 in FIG. 1 a) and/or at a navigation device (e.g., 12 in FIG. 1 a) determines if a network broadcast threshold has been met (e.g., 80% of the capacity of the broadcast network). If the broadcast threshold has been met, weight factors are assigned to each piece of the traffic information (e.g., traffic information packets) based on the subject matter of the traffic information pursuant to step 1015 and the chart shown below.


Item	Description	Weight Factor

Severity

Accident

	10
	Incident	9
	Construction	8
	Weather	8
Location	within city metro	10
	outside city metro	8
Date	Weekday		10
	Weekend	9
	Holiday	8
Time	6-9 AM	10
	9-4 AM	6
	4-7 PM	10
	7 PM-6 AM	2
Weight factor	Ambulance responding	9
	Fatality	10
	>30 min. delay	2
	>1 hr. delay	4
	>1.5 hr. delay	6
	>2 hr. delay	8
	>2.5 hr. delay	10

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above method for the management of traffic information and broadcast bandwidth provides a proactive approach to ensure most critical traffic information or incidents are reported while still maintaining bandwidth requirements. It should also be appreciated that the above described mechanisms and process for bandwidth management are for exemplary purposes only and that the invention is not limited thereby.
FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of a navigation device that initiates a recalculation of a route 1100 when there is a upcoming turn 1105 to anticipate a user of the navigation device missing the turn 1105. For example, referring now also to FIG. 12, the navigation device makes an assumption that a vehicle's starting point 1214 is somewhere ahead of its actual starting point 1212, not on the route 1200, to anticipate a user of the navigation device missing a turn 1205. In the present context, recalculation refers to all possible routes that the user may take when an error occurs (e.g., user should go left but goes right). Recalculation can also be referred to as pre-calculation or error anticipating calculation. Referring now back to FIG. 11, the recalculations can be made at variable times 1110 a 1110 b, 1110 c, 1110 d.
FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of a navigation device that performs a route calculation using traffic information broadcast from a remote location and/or a traffic information supplier. For example, referring now to FIG. 13, the traffic information updates may be provided to the navigation device everyone (1) minute or five (5) minutes, and the navigation device calculates a new route with every traffic information update for better route guidance. That is, referring now also to FIG. 14, once traffic information has been completely refreshed or updated, a route calculation is triggered using a vehicle's current position 1412 as the starting point.
FIG. 15 shows an embodiment of a method that uses every traffic information update to act as a trigger for calculation and recalculation (i.e., anticipation of a user error). At step 1500, a navigation device is set at a route guidance mode. At step 1505, the navigation device determines whether to recalculate (i.e., pre-calculate) a new route. For example, the navigation device anticipates a user error as shown in FIG. 12 and determines that a new route (e.g., one based on an anticipated user error) should be calculated. If the navigation device recalculates the new route, the new route is displayed to a user of the navigation device at step 1510, and the method moves to step 1515. If the navigation device does not recalculate the new route, the method moves directly to step 1515. At step 1515, the navigation device determines whether a traffic information update has been provided to the navigation device. If the traffic information update has not been provided, the method moves to step 1500. If the traffic information update has been provided, the navigation device calculates a new alternative route with the updated traffic information at step 1520, and the method moves to step 1525. At step 1525, the method determines whether the alternative route is better (e.g., whether it has a shorter estimated travel time) than the route previously displayed to the user. If the alternative route is better, the navigation device displays the alternative route with the traffic information at step 1530, and then moves to step 1500.
The above-described mechanisms and process for route calculation and recalculation using traffic information are for exemplary purposes only, and the invention is not limited thereby. For example, FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of a method that uses every traffic information update to act as a trigger for recalculation but does not recalculate to anticipate user error. The embodiment is designed to reduce processing requirements at the navigation device. That is, at step 1600, a navigation device is set at a route guidance mode, and the method moves immediately to step 1605. At step 1605, the navigation device determines whether a traffic information update has been provided to the navigation device. If the traffic information update has not been provided, the method moves to step 1600. If the traffic information update has been provided, the navigation device calculates a new alternative route with the updated traffic information at step 1610, and the method moves to step 1615. At step 1615, the 20 method determines whether the alternative route is better (e.g., whether it has a shorter estimated travel time) than the route previously displayed to the user. If the alternative route is better, the navigation device displays the alternative route with the traffic information at step 1620, and then moves to step 1600.
FIG. 17 shows an embodiment of a method that uses streaming (non-static or constantly changing) traffic information data and an internal processing clock to trigger route calculation at fixed and/or variable time intervals. At step 1700, a navigation device is set at a route guidance mode. At step 1705, the navigation device determines whether a predetermined amount of time (e.g., one minute) has elapsed using an internal processing clock (e.g., one located in a processor unit and/or a position determination unit of the navigation device). If the predetermined amount of time has not elapsed, the method moves to step 1700. If the predetermined amount of time has elapsed, the navigation device calculates a new alternative route with the updated traffic information at step 1710, and the method moves to step 1715. At step 1715, the method determines whether the alternative route is better (e.g., whether it has a shorter estimated travel time) than the route previously displayed to the user. If the alternative route is better, the navigation device displays the alternative route with the traffic information at step 1720 and then moves to step 1700.
FIG. 18 shows an embodiment of a method that waits for a recalculation (i.e., an anticipation of a user error) to finish and then calculates a new alternate route with traffic information to determine the best route. That is, in the method shown in FIG. 18, the recalculation (without traffic information) always takes precedence over the calculation with traffic information. In addition, it should be appreciated that the steps shown in FIG. 18 are similar to those shown for FIG. 15 with the exception of additional step 1512 (located between the recalculation step 1510 and the traffic information update determination step 1515) that determines whether the recalculation (at step 1510) has been completed.
FIG. 19 shows an embodiment of a method that stores the traffic information data when a navigation device is recalculating a route and/or receiving a traffic information update. After the recalculation is completed, the method then resumes route calculation with the traffic information data. In addition, the method of FIG. 19 takes the previous traffic information calculated route and compares it with the new recalculated route (e.g., to determine the best route) when the method is between traffic information updates. That is, the method uses its old traffic information until new traffic information has been completely provided to the navigation device.
FIGS. 20 and 20 a show an embodiment of a method that streams traffic information data to provide users with the most up to date information. In addition, depending on the time of day, the method varies the traffic information update triggers such that, at peak commute times, the recalculation (and calculation) triggers are increased and, at off peak commute times, the triggers are decreased. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the method of FIGS. 20 and 20 a minimizes the amount of time needed for updated traffic information to trigger a new calculation and provides updated traffic information based on a need use basis.
In addition, FIG. 20 shows a method for increasing and decreasing amounts and/or numbers of broadcast traffic information (e.g., via an XM network) based on commute times. More specifically, the method varies the broadcast of traffic information data based on commute times in each time zone, as shown in the following chart.


Pacific	Mountain	Central	Eastern

	Broadcast		Broadcast		Broadcast		Broadcast
Time	rate	Time	rate	Time	rate	Time	rate