US20120111458A1 - Method of increasing heat exchange surfaces and active surfaces of metal elements including, in particular, heat exchange surfaces - Google Patents

Method of increasing heat exchange surfaces and active surfaces of metal elements including, in particular, heat exchange surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120111458A1
US20120111458A1 US13/384,087 US201013384087A US2012111458A1 US 20120111458 A1 US20120111458 A1 US 20120111458A1 US 201013384087 A US201013384087 A US 201013384087A US 2012111458 A1 US2012111458 A1 US 2012111458A1
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Prior art keywords
remelted
remelting
heat exchange
fact
subject
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US13/384,087
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Boguslaw Grabas
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Politechnika Swietokrzyska
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Politechnika Swietokrzyska
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Priority claimed from PL388550A external-priority patent/PL207358B1/en
Priority claimed from PL389769A external-priority patent/PL210889B1/en
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Assigned to POLITECHNIKA SWIETOKRZYSKA reassignment POLITECHNIKA SWIETOKRZYSKA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GRABAS, BOGUSLAW
Publication of US20120111458A1 publication Critical patent/US20120111458A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/04—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
    • B23K26/3568—Modifying rugosity
    • B23K26/3584—Increasing rugosity, e.g. roughening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/14—Heat exchangers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation

Definitions

  • This innovation is designed to increase heat exchange by metal elements and active surfaces thereof including, in particular, heat exchange surfaces made of metal or metal alloys.
  • Radiators and heat exchangers constitute an important part of numerous industrial devices (e.g., electronic devices, air-conditioners, nuclear reactor cooling installations) and household appliances (e.g., PCs, TV sets).
  • Appropriately prepared surfaces of radiators and heat exchangers remove heat from working units and transfer it to a cooling agent which comes into contact with these surfaces. Cooling agents can remove heat with or without a change of phase.
  • Polish patent excerpt PL201106 describes a method of increasing the heat exchange surfaces of elements made of metal or metal alloys. This method involves remelting of a surface in the presence of a steam channel created by a focused laser beam. The material is remelted by a stream of plasma or a beam of electrons. The remelting process is performed in an impulse, pulse or sustained mode. The remelting process establishes a surface and an edge, or undercuts the surface.
  • the invention is designed to increase the heat exchange surface of elements made of metal or metal alloys through remelting of a surface in the presence of a steam channel while the remelted element is subject to vibrations. Vibration parameters are equal at every point of the element.
  • the invention allows for multiplication of a heat exchange surface in a single operation.
  • This invention increases the active surface including, in particular, the heat exchange surface of elements made of metal or metal alloys, through remelting of a surface in a temperature below an ebullition temperature. At the same time the remelted element is subject to vibrations.
  • the invention allows for a several-fold increase of an active surface, including the heat exchange surface, as a result of a single operation.
  • the invention facilitates performance of the process in temperatures below the ebullition temperature of the material used to manufacture the processed element, preventing creation of a steam channel.
  • the process is called conductive remelting or conductive welding when it is used to metalurgically bond materials. Remelting areas are relatively shallow with evenly distributed depth. This method allows, for example, the remelting of a single side of an element with thin walls without risk of accidentally creating an unwanted remelting edge or discontinuation of the material.
  • FIG. 1 presents a top view of a surface remelted with vibration
  • FIG. 2 an enlarged fragment of a shape of remelting surface edge along A-A line with FIG. 1 ,
  • FIG. 3 a cross-section of a surface remelted with vibrations
  • FIG. 4 cross-section B-B with FIG. 3 ,
  • FIG. 5 an enlarged fragment of a remelted surface edge
  • FIG. 6 a cross-section of a surface remelted with vibration with different vibration parameters and laser beam characteristics than those presented in FIGS. 3 and 4 ,
  • FIG. 7 cross-section C-C with FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 8 an enlarged fragment of a shape of remelted surface edge along A-A line on FIG. 1 for beam movement speed of 2000 mm/min and vibration frequency of 105 Hz,
  • FIG. 9 an enlarged fragment of a shape of remelted surface edge for beam movement speed of 2600 mm/min and vibration frequency of 110 Hz
  • FIG. 10 an enlarged fragment of a shape of remelted surface edge for beam movement speed of 2000 mm/min and vibration frequency of 110 Hz
  • FIG. 11 an enlarged fragment of a shape of remelted surface edge for beam movement speed of 1500 mm/min and vibration frequency of 80 Hz
  • FIG. 13 an enlarged fragment of a shape of remelting edge on a surface remelted without vibration.
  • FIG. 1 presents a general top view of a surface remelted with circular vibration in a plane parallel to the remelted surface.
  • the result of this remelting process is characterized by a structure of consecutive elevations 1 and recesses 2 creating a shape resembling an arch.
  • Remelting parameters laser power 3000 W and beam movement speed of 1500 mm/min.
  • the shape of the edge of the remelted surface is presented in FIG. 2 .
  • the shape of the edge of the remelted surface is presented on FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 13 presents a remelted element made of C45 steel which was not subject to vibration.
  • Remelting parameters laser power 3000 W and laser beam movement speed of 1500 mm/min.
  • the shape of the edge of the remelted surface is presented in FIG. 9 .
  • Remelting parameters laser power 2000 W and beam movement speed of 2000 mm/min.
  • Remelting parameters laser power 1500 W and beam movement speed of 1500 mm/min.
  • FIG. 12 presents a remelted element made of OH18N9T steel which was not subject to vibration.
  • Remelting parameters laser power 1500 W and laser beam movement speed of 1500 mm/min.

Abstract

The unique character of the method of remelting of a surface in the presence of a steam channel is related to the fact that during the remelting process a processed element is subject to vibrations. The vibrations parameters are uniform at any given point of the remelted element. The element surface remelting method is unique since the process is performed at a temperature below the ebullition temperature and duting the remelting process the element being processed is subject to vibrations. The surface is remelted using a laser or electron beam.

Description

  • This innovation is designed to increase heat exchange by metal elements and active surfaces thereof including, in particular, heat exchange surfaces made of metal or metal alloys.
  • Radiators and heat exchangers constitute an important part of numerous industrial devices (e.g., electronic devices, air-conditioners, nuclear reactor cooling installations) and household appliances (e.g., PCs, TV sets). Appropriately prepared surfaces of radiators and heat exchangers remove heat from working units and transfer it to a cooling agent which comes into contact with these surfaces. Cooling agents can remove heat with or without a change of phase.
  • The importance of the issue of removing large streams of heat through the use of surfaces is growing due to the increasing miniaturization of industrial equipment.
  • Polish patent excerpt PL201106 describes a method of increasing the heat exchange surfaces of elements made of metal or metal alloys. This method involves remelting of a surface in the presence of a steam channel created by a focused laser beam. The material is remelted by a stream of plasma or a beam of electrons. The remelting process is performed in an impulse, pulse or sustained mode. The remelting process establishes a surface and an edge, or undercuts the surface.
  • The invention is designed to increase the heat exchange surface of elements made of metal or metal alloys through remelting of a surface in the presence of a steam channel while the remelted element is subject to vibrations. Vibration parameters are equal at every point of the element.
  • The invention allows for multiplication of a heat exchange surface in a single operation.
  • Due to steam channel characteristics, remelting in this way always creates a metal bath of much larger depth than its width and length. In addition, unstable physical and chemical processes in the metal bath and steam channel may result in a structure of highly varied remelting depth.
  • If, for example, items with thin walls up to 1 mm thick are remelted (e.g. flow boards exchanging heat in heat exchangers), the remelting depth must be closely controlled. However, even with close control, remelting in this way can result in incidental, unintended establishment of a remelting edge or result in discontinuation of material.
  • This invention increases the active surface including, in particular, the heat exchange surface of elements made of metal or metal alloys, through remelting of a surface in a temperature below an ebullition temperature. At the same time the remelted element is subject to vibrations.
  • All points of the element are subject to vibrations of the same parameters.
  • It is recommended that surfaces are remelted using a laser or electron beam.
  • The invention allows for a several-fold increase of an active surface, including the heat exchange surface, as a result of a single operation. The invention facilitates performance of the process in temperatures below the ebullition temperature of the material used to manufacture the processed element, preventing creation of a steam channel. The process is called conductive remelting or conductive welding when it is used to metalurgically bond materials. Remelting areas are relatively shallow with evenly distributed depth. This method allows, for example, the remelting of a single side of an element with thin walls without risk of accidentally creating an unwanted remelting edge or discontinuation of the material.
  • The invention is illustrated by figures which present example performance.
  • FIG. 1 presents a top view of a surface remelted with vibration,
  • FIG. 2—an enlarged fragment of a shape of remelting surface edge along A-A line with FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3—a cross-section of a surface remelted with vibrations,
  • FIG. 4—cross-section B-B with FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5—an enlarged fragment of a remelted surface edge,
  • FIG. 6—a cross-section of a surface remelted with vibration with different vibration parameters and laser beam characteristics than those presented in FIGS. 3 and 4,
  • FIG. 7—cross-section C-C with FIG. 6,
  • FIG. 8—an enlarged fragment of a shape of remelted surface edge along A-A line on FIG. 1 for beam movement speed of 2000 mm/min and vibration frequency of 105 Hz,
  • FIG. 9—an enlarged fragment of a shape of remelted surface edge for beam movement speed of 2600 mm/min and vibration frequency of 110 Hz,
  • FIG. 10—an enlarged fragment of a shape of remelted surface edge for beam movement speed of 2000 mm/min and vibration frequency of 110 Hz,
  • FIG. 11—an enlarged fragment of a shape of remelted surface edge for beam movement speed of 1500 mm/min and vibration frequency of 80 Hz, and FIG. 12 and
  • FIG. 13—an enlarged fragment of a shape of remelting edge on a surface remelted without vibration.
    •
  • FIG. 1 presents a general top view of a surface remelted with circular vibration in a plane parallel to the remelted surface. The result of this remelting process is characterized by a structure of consecutive elevations 1 and recesses 2 creating a shape resembling an arch.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 present a remelted element made of C45 steel which was subject to vibration of the following parameters: frequency f=80 Hz and amplitude of approximately 3 mm. Remelting parameters: laser power 3000 W and beam movement speed of 1500 mm/min. In accordance with PN 87-M/-0425/2 the remelted surface is characterized by coarseness ratings of Rz=65.7 μm and Rc=48.3 μm, respectively. The shape of the edge of the remelted surface is presented in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 present a remelted element made of C45 steel which was subject to vibration of the following parameters: frequency f=80 Hz and amplitude of approximately 3 mm, with the following remelting parameters: laser power 3000 W and beam movement speed of 1000 mm/min.
  • In accordance with PN 87-M/-0425/2 the remelted surface is characterized by coarseness ratings of Rz=98 μm and Rc=77.6 μm, respectively. The shape of the edge of the remelted surface is presented on FIG. 5.
  • For comparison, FIG. 13 presents a remelted element made of C45 steel which was not subject to vibration. Remelting parameters: laser power 3000 W and laser beam movement speed of 1500 mm/min. In this case, in accordance with PN 87-M/-0425/2, the remelted surface is characterized by coarseness ratings of Rz=12 μm and Rc=8.77 μm, respectively.
  • An element made of OH18N9T steel was remelted under the following vibration: frequency f=105 Hz with an amplitude of approximately 3 mm. Remelting parameters: laser power 2000 W and beam movement speed of 2000 mm/min. In accordance with PN 87-M/-0425/2 the remelted surface is characterized by coarseness ratings of Rz=44.5 μm and Ra=12.2 μm, respectively. The shape of the edge of the remelted surface is presented in FIG. 8.
  • In the second case, i.e. remelting of an element made of OH18N9T steel, the vibration parameters were as follows: frequency f=110 Hz, amplitude of approximately 3 mm. The remelting parameters: laser power 2000 W and beam movement speed 2600 mm/min.
  • In accordance with PN 87-M/-0425/2 the remelted surface is characterized by coarseness ratings of Rz=31.3 μm and Ra=7.89 μm, respectively. The shape of the edge of the remelted surface is presented in FIG. 9.
  • Illustration 10 presents the shape of an edge of remelted surface made of C45 steel subject to vibrations of the following parameters: frequency f=110 Hz, amplitude of approximately 3 mm. Remelting parameters: laser power 2000 W and beam movement speed of 2000 mm/min. In accordance with PN 87-M/-0425/2 the remelted surface is characterized by coarseness ratings of Rz=27.2 μm and Ra=7.15 μm, respectively.
  • Illustration 11 presents the shape of an edge of remelted surface made of OH18N9T steel subject to vibrations of the following parameters: frequency f=80 Hz, amplitude of approximately 3 mm. Remelting parameters: laser power 1500 W and beam movement speed of 1500 mm/min. In accordance with PN 87-M/-0425/2 the remelted surface is characterized by coarseness ratings of Rz=17.1 μm and Ra=4.76 μm, respectively.
  • For comparison, FIG. 12 presents a remelted element made of OH18N9T steel which was not subject to vibration. Remelting parameters: laser power 1500 W and laser beam movement speed of 1500 mm/min. In accordance with PN 87-M/-0425/2 the remelted surface is characterized by coarseness ratings of Rz=11.3 μm and Ra=3.83 μm, respectively.
  • In all cases the remelted surface edge was measured with a Talysurf 4 contact profilometer.
  • The coarseness parameters of remelted surfaces which were subject to vibration were multiplied several-fold. Therefore active surfaces, including heat exchange surfaces, were increased accordingly.

Claims (6)

1. The unique character of the invention is related to the fact that it increases heat the exchange surface of elements made of metal and metal alloys through remelting of a surface in the presence of a steam channel while the remelted element is subject to vibrations.
2. The unique character of the method described in claim no. 1 is related to the fact that vibration parameters are the same at any point of the element.
3. The unique character of the invention is related to the fact that it increases the active surface including, in particular, the heat exchange surface of elements made of metal or metal alloys, through remelting at a temperature below the ebullition temperature. At the same time the remelted element is subject to vibrations.
4. The unique character of the method described in claim no. 3 is related to the fact that vibration parameters, frequency and amplitude, are selected to ensure uniformity thereof at any given point of the element.
5. The unique character of the method described in claim no. 3 is related to the fact that a surface is remelted using a laser beam.
6. The unique character of the method described in claim no. 3 is related to the fact that a surface is remelted using a beam of electrons.
US13/384,087 2009-07-15 2010-07-02 Method of increasing heat exchange surfaces and active surfaces of metal elements including, in particular, heat exchange surfaces Abandoned US20120111458A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL388550A PL207358B1 (en) 2009-07-15 2009-07-15 Method of increasing the metallic elements heat exchange surface area
PLPL388550 2009-07-15
PL389769A PL210889B1 (en) 2009-12-04 2009-12-04 Method for increasing the active surface of metal parts, particularly the heat exchange surface of metal parts
PL389769 2009-12-04
PCT/PL2010/000054 WO2011008114A1 (en) 2009-07-15 2010-07-02 A method of increasing heat exchange surfaces and active surfaces of metal elements including, in particular, heat exchange surfaces

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EP (1) EP2521798B8 (en)
ES (1) ES2531555T3 (en)
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015000679A1 (en) * 2013-07-05 2015-01-08 Mahle International Gmbh Assembled hollow valve
US20210102613A1 (en) * 2019-10-03 2021-04-08 Tsubakimoto Chain Co. Rotating member and forming method thereof

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DE102013214518A1 (en) * 2013-07-25 2015-01-29 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Heat exchanger and method for its production and use
EP3943278A4 (en) * 2019-05-10 2023-01-25 Showa Denko Materials Co., Ltd. Joining metal member and joining body
CN114682922B (en) * 2022-03-08 2023-03-21 江苏大学 Method for regulating and controlling super-hydrophobic surface stress and texture morphology of aluminum alloy prepared by laser etching

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WO2015000679A1 (en) * 2013-07-05 2015-01-08 Mahle International Gmbh Assembled hollow valve
US20210102613A1 (en) * 2019-10-03 2021-04-08 Tsubakimoto Chain Co. Rotating member and forming method thereof

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PL2521798T3 (en) 2015-04-30
EP2521798B8 (en) 2015-02-25
ES2531555T3 (en) 2015-03-17
EP2521798B1 (en) 2014-11-26
WO2011008114A1 (en) 2011-01-20
EP2521798A1 (en) 2012-11-14

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