US20120247491A1

US20120247491A1 - Smoking articles comprising copper-exchanged molecular sieves

Info

Publication number: US20120247491A1
Application number: US13/476,981
Authority: US
Inventors: Jay A Fournier; Zhaohua Luan
Original assignee: Philip Morris USA Inc
Current assignee: Philip Morris USA Inc
Priority date: 2003-12-22
Filing date: 2012-05-21
Publication date: 2012-10-04
Also published as: US20050133053A1

Abstract

Smoking articles which involve the use of a copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst that is capable of removing NO and/or NO₂from mainstream smoke are provided. The copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst comprises a microporous molecular sieve substrate having pores with an average diameter of from about 3 Å to about 15 Å, where at least some of the pores of the microporous molecular sieve substrate contain Cu⁺²ions. Methods for making cigarette filters and smoking articles using the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst, as well as methods for smoking a cigarette comprising the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst, are also provided.

Description

BACKGROUND

Certain filter materials have been suggested for incorporation into cigarette filters, including cotton, paper, cellulose, and certain synthetic fibers. However, such filter materials generally only remove particulate and condensable components from tobacco smoke. Thus, they are usually not optimal for the removal of certain gaseous components from tobacco smoke, e.g., volatile organic compounds.

SUMMARY

Copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalysts for the removal of NO₂and/or NO from mainstream smoke are provided.
In one embodiment, smoking articles, filters and/or cut filler are provided, which comprise copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst, wherein the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is capable of removing at least one of NO and NO₂from mainstream smoke, wherein the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst comprises a microporous molecular sieve substrate having pores with an average pore size of from about 3 Å to about 15 Å, and further wherein at least some of the pores of the microporous molecular sieve substrate contain Cu⁺²ions.
In another embodiment, the microporous molecular sieve substrate comprises pores sufficiently small enough to substantially exclude constituents in mainstream smoke having more than 12 carbon atoms. In another preferred embodiment, the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is capable of selectively removing more benzene and/or 1,3-butadiene from mainstream smoke, than molecules larger than benzene. Preferably, the microporous molecular sieve substrate has pores with an average pore size of about 8 Å or smaller and more preferably about 6 Å or smaller. In a further embodiment, the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is in particle form having an average mesh size of from about 20 mesh to about 60 mesh.
In an embodiment, the microporous molecular sieve substrate may be a zeolite selected from the group consisting of zeolite ZSM-5, zeolite A, zeolite X, zeolite Y, zeolite K-G, zeolite ZK-5, zeolite Beta, zeolite ZK-4, and mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the cooper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is Cu(II)-ZSM-5.
In an embodiment, smoking articles, cigarette filters and/or cut filler may further comprise a second molecular sieve material, wherein the second molecular sieve material is capable of selectively removing at least some of at least one constituent of mainstream smoke that is not substantially removed by the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst. Preferably, the second molecular sieve material comprises a catalytic metal other than copper(II). Preferably, the catalytic metal is selected from the group consisting of iron, manganese, copper oxide, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of smoking articles that may comprise the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst include, but are not limited to, the group consisting of cigarettes, pipes, cigars and non-traditional cigarettes. Preferably, the smoking article is a cigarette. In a preferred embodiment, the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is incorporated into the smoking mixture and/or a filter portion of the smoking article.
In an embodiment, the smoking articles and filters may comprise from about 10 mg to about 300 mg of the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst, or preferably from about 50 mg to about 150 mg of the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst.
In another embodiment, methods for making a cigarette filter are provided, which comprise incorporating a copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst into a cigarette filter, wherein the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is capable of removing at least one of NO and NO₂from mainstream smoke, wherein the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst comprises a microporous molecular sieve substrate having pores with an average pore size of from about 3 Å to about 15 Å, and further wherein at least some of the pores of the microporous molecular sieve substrate contain Cu⁺²ions.
In another embodiment, methods for smoking a cigarette comprising a copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst are provided, which involve lighting the cigarette to form smoke and drawing the smoke through the cigarette, wherein during the smoking of the cigarette, the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst removes NO and/or NO₂from the mainstream smoke.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view of a cigarette incorporating one embodiment wherein folded paper containing copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is inserted into a hollow portion of a tubular filter element of the cigarette.

FIG. 2 is partially broken-away perspective view of another embodiment wherein copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is incorporated in folded paper and inserted into a hollow portion of a first free-flow sleeve of a tubular filter element next to a second free-flow sleeve.

FIG. 3 is a partially broken-away perspective view of another embodiment wherein copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is incorporated in a plug-space-plug filter element.

FIG. 4 is a partially broken-away perspective view of another embodiment wherein copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is incorporated in a three-piece filter element having three plugs.

FIG. 5 is a partially broken-away perspective view of another embodiment wherein copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is incorporated in a four-piece filter element having a plug-space-plug arrangement and a hollow sleeve.

FIG. 6 is a partially broken-away perspective view of another embodiment wherein copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is incorporated in a three-part filter element having two plugs and a hollow sleeve.

FIG. 7 is a partially broken-away perspective view of another embodiment wherein copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is incorporated in a two-part filter element having two plugs.

FIG. 8 is a partially broken-away perspective view of another embodiment wherein copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is incorporated in a filter element which may be used in a smoking article.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalysts for selective and effective removal of certain selected constituents of mainstream tobacco smoke are provided. Preferably, other constituents in mainstream smoke, such as those relating to flavor, will preferably not be removed to any great extent. By “removed” is meant that the concentration of at least some of the NO_xconstituents in mainstream smoke is lowered. This can be accomplished by a variety of mechanisms. For example, the NO_xconstituents may chemically react with the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalysts, i.e., be reduced directly by the copper ion. Alternatively, the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst may catalyze the conversion of the NO_xconstituents into other compounds. Further, the NO_xconstituents may be sequestered within the pores of the microporous molecular sieve substrate, thus removed from mainstream tobacco smoke before reaching the smoker. By combining catalytic and sorbent materials, tailored or optimized for a particular selectivity, a desired removal of multiple selected constituents from mainstream smoke can be achieved.
The term “sorption” denotes filtration through absorption and/or adsorption. Sorption is intended to cover interactions on the outer surface of the sorbent, as well as interactions within the pores, such as channels or cavities of the sorbent. In other words, a sorbent is a substance that has the ability to condense or hold molecules of other substances on its surface and/or the ability to take up another substance, i.e., through penetration of the other substance into its inner structure or into its pores. The term adsorption also denotes filtration through physical sieving, i.e., capture of certain constituents in the pores of the carbon-modified sorbent. The term “sorbent” as used herein refers to either an adsorbent, an absorbent, or a substance that functions as both an adsorbent and an absorbent.
As an example, the combination of specialized sorbents in different portions of a smoking article, such as in the tobacco rod and in the filter portion of a cigarette, a multi-stage multifunctional system is provided wherein a plurality of selected constituents may be more effectively accomplished by a combination of selective materials than by any single broadly catalytic or sorbent material or a combination of more broadly sorbent materials.
Preferably, the smoking articles, tobacco compositions and filters will incorporate copper-exchanged molecular sieves having pore sizes and other characteristics that will remove selected constituents from mainstream smoke. By incorporating a second molecular sieve material that is tailored for removal of at least some of a different selected constituent of mainstream smoke in a smoking article, the composition of the mainstream smoke may be adjusted. A combination of different materials can be used to achieve improved multifunctional removal of selectively targeted constituents of mainstream smoke, while allowing other smoke constituents (such as flavor constituents) to remain in the mainstream smoke.
The abbreviation “NO_x” as used herein includes either or both of NO and NO₂. Molecular sieve materials containing copper ions, such as copper-exchanged zeolite, have been found to be a highly efficient and selective catalyst of the conversion of ammonia and NO_xto molecular nitrogen and water at moderately high temperatures, i.e., 400° C., through reactions such as the following:
4NH₃+4NO+O₂→4N₂+6H₂O;
and
4NH₃+2NO+2NO₂→4N₂+6H₂O.
However, copper-exchanged zeolite catalysts can be affected by common constituents of smoke. In particular, these catalysts can be inactivated by the presence of SO₂, and may be inactivated by organic compounds that are adsorbed in the pores of some molecular sieve materials. For example, where the pores of the molecular sieve are large enough to admit larger organic compounds, such as components larger than benzene which can form tar, these compounds can block the pores of the molecular sieve so that the catalytic reduction of NO_xis impaired. In a preferred embodiment, molecular sieve materials that exclude high molecular weight organic compounds can achieve highly effective and selective reduction of NO and NO₂in mainstream tobacco smoke.
The term “molecular sieve” as used herein refers to an ordered porous material, such as crystalline aluminosilicates, commonly called zeolites, or crystalline aluminophosphates, mesoporous silicates, and mesoporous aluminosilicates. A molecular sieve as used herein further refers to a material having pores with dimensions less than about 500 Å, preferably less than 300 Å, including microporous and mesoporous molecular sieves. The term “microporous molecular sieves” generally refers to such materials having pore sizes below about 20 Å while the term “mesoporous molecular sieves” generally refers to such materials with pore sizes of about 20-500 Å, preferably 20 to 300 Å.
In a copper-exchanged molecular sieve, ions of copper are incorporated into the molecular sieve substrate by displacing ions of the substrate and thereby become part of the molecular matrix of the substrate.
Pores of the preferred zeolite molecular sieve substrate may be more or less uniform and may have pore dimensions over a range of sizes. Synthetic zeolite materials may have more uniform pore dimensions and a more ordered structure. Various zeolite types are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,702,886 (zeolite ZSM-5), 2,882,243 (zeolite A), 2,882,244 (zeolite X), 3,130,007 (zeolite Y), 3,055,654 (zeolite K-G), 3,247,195 (zeolite ZK-5), 3,308,069 (zeolite Beta), 3,314,752 (zeolite ZK-4). A source of natural zeolite in North America is the St. Cloud Mining Company, Truth or Consequences, N. Mex.
Molecular sieve materials derive their name from the ability to selectively exclude or adsorb molecules from or within pores including interior channels depending on the dimensions of the molecules. A copper-exchanged molecular sieve having a pore size that is small enough to substantially exclude higher molecular weight components of tobacco smoke provides improved selectivity and effectiveness for selective catalytic reduction of NO_xfrom mainstream tobacco smoke. The molecular sieve material may be chosen according to its pore diameter as determined by x-ray or neutron diffraction methods. For example a microporous molecular sieve may be chosen with a mean pore size of less than about 15 Å, e.g., less than about 8 Å, preferably less than about 6 Å. Such molecular sieves effectively exclude compounds with a larger molecular dimension. Alternatively, a molecular sieve material may be chosen by measurements under conditions that simulate the environment in which it will function. For example, a molecular sieve may be chosen which significantly or substantially excludes organic molecules having 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or more carbon atoms. Alternatively, a molecular sieve material may be chosen by its ability to significantly or substantially exclude hydrocarbon molecules which comprise the tar component of tobacco smoke. Or, a molecular sieve material may be chosen by its ability to significantly or substantially exclude a selected category of organic molecules such as cyclic hydrocarbons of more than four carbons, aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., benzene), larger alkanes or the like. The ability of a molecular sieve material to exclude molecules can be determined by measuring adsorption of a given compound in a conventional test apparatus.
The adsorption or exclusion of a given molecule can be expressed relative to adsorption of a standard molecular compound such as N₂. When comparing the adsorption of molecular sieve materials of a given compound as a function of pore size, one generally observes a sharp drop in adsorption of a compound as the pore size of the molecular sieve materials approaches a cut-off size. The cut-off pore size for a given compound may be identified by comparing similarly structured materials with a range of pore sizes. The cut-off pore size corresponds to the maximum pore size at which less than about 95% of the maximum adsorption of that compound is adsorbed in a range of similar porous materials having pore sizes both larger and smaller than the molecular dimension of the compound. Similar materials means materials of similar atomic composition, i.e., zeolites.
For purposes of categorizing the molecular sieves, to significantly exclude a certain molecular compound means that a molecular sieve material adsorbs an amount of that compound at or below the midpoint of a size exclusion curve, i.e., it adsorbs less than about 50% of the maximal adsorption of that compound by a similar molecular sieve material with a pore size substantially larger than the cutoff size pore size. To substantially exclude a certain molecular compound means that a molecular sieve material adsorbs less than about 10% of the maximal adsorption of that compound by similar molecular sieve material with a pore size substantially larger than the cut off pore size for that compound.
By choosing, or modifying, a molecular sieve material to have a pore size that exclude organic compounds of about the size of octane or larger compounds, or to exclude molecules the size of benzene and larger, the interior pores of the molecular sieve can be maintained sufficiently free of, organic compounds to achieve improved effectiveness for the reduction of NO_x.
In an alternative embodiment, the selective reduction of NO_xmay be combined with selective adsorption of selected small organic compounds by use of a molecular sieve substrate having pores that admit molecules of selected constituents, e.g., benzene or 1,3-butadiene, while excluding larger constituents of mainstream smoke. By selectively adsorbing smaller molecules that do not substantially impair NO_xreduction, a desirable multifunctional capability is achieved with effective selective reduction of NO_x.
In a preferred embodiment, the copper-exchanged molecular sieve material is provided in particle form which may be mixed into the smoking mixture of the tobacco rod of a cigarette where the increased temperature of the zone adjacent to the burning zone of the tobacco rod promotes catalytic activity.
In another embodiment, a plurality of selective molecular sieve materials may be incorporated in a smoking article to achieve multifunctional reduction of selected components of mainstream smoke. For example, molecular sieve materials exchanged with different catalytic metals, including oxide forms of copper, which can provide improved selective catalysis of CO to CO₂, may be combined in the tobacco rod with copper ion exchanged molecular sieve. In alternative embodiments, copper ion exchanged molecular sieve materials may be combined with molecular sieve materials comprising zinc, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, rhodium, palladium, platinum, and/or molybdenum; with manganese and iron being preferred. Molecular sieve materials having pore sizes that admit higher molecular weight compounds may be incorporated into smoking articles in combination with copper ion exchanged materials having smaller pore sizes. For example, molecular sieve materials having pore sizes of about 15 Å or larger can be further incorporated into smoking articles.
The preferred molecular sieve substrates for making a material designed for the removal of NO_xinclude at least one of ZSM-5 and Y-type zeolite ion exchanged with Cu⁺²ions. ZSM-5 type zeolite is most preferred because it has well ordered pores of less than about 6 Å. The copper ion exchanged form of ZSM-5 is designated Cu(II)-ZSM-5 and is the most preferred copper ion exchanged molecular sieve material.
The copper-exchanged molecular sieve may be made by any suitable method. In a preferred method, the metal may be dispersed as a salt solution and impregnated into the molecular sieve where it is incorporated by cation exchange. For example, to make a Cu(II)-ZSM-5 molecular sieve material, the zeolite molecular sieve may be soaked for several hours (e.g., 8-24 hours) in a solution (i.e., 1 M) of CuCl₂after which the molecular sieve is briefly washed and thoroughly dried at elevated temperature (e.g., 100-400° C. for 2-24 hours).
In one embodiment, copper-exchanged molecular sieve material is incorporated into cut tobacco filler or other smoking material, which may then be included in the tobacco rod of a cigarette. The copper-exchanged molecular sieve can be incorporated into the smoking mixture in a number of ways. For example, the copper-exchanged molecular sieve can be added as a powder to the cut filler material supplied to a cigarette making machine.
The amount of copper-exchanged molecular sieve incorporated into the smoking mixture can be selected as a function of the amount of constituents in the tobacco smoke to be removed. As an example, the smoking mixture may contain from 1% to 50% by weight of the copper-exchanged molecular sieve, preferably from about 5% to about 15% by weight. In a method for making cigarettes, the method comprises: (i) providing a cut filler comprising the copper-exchanged molecular sieve preferably in the form of powder to a cigarette making machine to form a tobacco column; (ii) placing a paper wrapper around the tobacco column to form a tobacco rod; and (iii) attaching the cigarette filter to the tobacco rod to form the cigarette.
Examples of suitable types of tobacco materials that may be used include flue-cured, Burley, Maryland or Oriental tobaccos, rare or specialty tobaccos, and blends thereof. The tobacco material can be provided in the form of tobacco lamina; processed tobacco materials such as volume expanded or puffed tobacco, processed tobacco stems such as cut-rolled or cut-puffed stems, reconstituted tobacco materials; or blends thereof. The tobacco materials may include tobacco substitutes.
In cigarette manufacture, the tobacco is normally employed in the form of cut filler, i.e., in the form of shreds or strands cut into widths ranging from about 1/10 inch to about 1/20 inch or even 1/40 inch. The lengths of the strands range from between about 0.25 inches to about 3.0 inches. The cigarettes may further comprise one or more flavorants or other additives (e.g., burn additives, combustion modifying agents, coloring agents, binders, etc.).
Cigarettes can be manufactured to any desired specification using standard or modified cigarette making techniques and equipment. The cigarettes may range from about 50 mm to about 120 mm in length. Generally, a regular cigarette is about 70 mm long, a “King Size” is about 85 mm long, a “Super King Size” is about 100 mm long, and a “Long” is usually about 120 mm in length. The circumference is from about 15 mm to about 30 mm in circumference, and preferably around 25 mm. The packing density is typically between the range of about 100 mg/cm³to about 300 mg/cm³, and preferably 150 mg/cm³to about 275 mg/cm³.
Yet another embodiment relates to methods of smoking the cigarettes described above, which involve lighting a cigarette to form smoke and drawing the smoke through the cigarette, wherein during the smoking of the cigarette, the metal exchanged molecular sieve is capable of catalytically reducing and optionally adsorbing one or more selected components from mainstream smoke.
“Smoking” of a cigarette means the heating or combustion of the cigarette to form smoke, which can be drawn through the cigarette, e.g., via a smoking machine or person. Generally, smoking of a cigarette involves lighting one end of the cigarette and drawing the cigarette smoke through the mouth end of the cigarette, while the tobacco contained therein undergoes a combustion reaction. However, the cigarette need not be combusted. For example, the cigarette may be smoked by heating the cigarette using an electrical heater, as described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,026,820; 5,988,176; 5,915,387; 5,692,525; 5,666,976; and 5,499,636, for example.
In a preferred embodiment, a copper-exchanged molecular sieve sorbent as described above is incorporated into or onto a support such as lightly or tightly folded paper inserted into a hollow portion of the cigarette filter. The support is preferably in the form of a sheet material such as crepe paper, filter paper, or tipping paper. However, other suitable support materials such as organic or inorganic cigarette compatible materials can also be used.
The copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst material may be located in a filter portion of a smoking article in which it can act as a sorbent.
Any conventional or modified filter design may be used, which comprises the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst. Examples of filter designs include, but are not limited to a mono filter, a dual filter, a triple filter, a cavity filter, a recessed filter or a free-flow filter. Mono filters typically contain a variety of cellulose acetate tow or cellulose paper materials. Pure mono cellulose filters or paper filters offer good tar and nicotine retention, and are highly degradable. The copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst may be incorporated into the cellulose filters or paper filters. Dual filters usually comprise a cellulose acetate mouth side and a pure cellulose segment or cellulose acetate segment, with copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst on the smoking material or tobacco side. The length and pressure drop of the two segments of the dual filter can be adjusted to provide optimal adsorption, while maintaining acceptable draw resistance. Triple filters may have mouth and smoking material or tobacco side segments, while the middle segment comprises a material or paper containing the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst. Cavity filters have two segments, e.g., acetate-acetate, acetate-paper or paper-paper, separated by a cavity containing the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst. Recessed filters have an open cavity on the mouth side, and typically incorporate the copper-exchanged molecular sieve sorbent into the plug material. The filters may also optionally be ventilated, and/or comprise additional sorbents (such as charcoal or magnesium silicate), catalysts, flavors, or other like additives.
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary cigarette 2 including a tobacco rod 4, a filter portion 6, and a mouthpiece filter plug 8. As shown, copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be loaded onto folded paper 10 inserted into a hollow cavity, such as the interior of a free-flow sleeve 12 forming part of the filter portion 6.
FIG. 2 shows a cigarette 2 including a tobacco rod 4 and a filter portion 6, wherein folded paper 10 is located in the hollow cavity of a first free-flow sleeve 13 located between the mouthpiece filter 8 and a second free-flow sleeve 15. The paper 10 can be used in forms other than as a folded sheet. For instance, the paper 10 can be deployed as one or more individual strips, a wound roll, or the like. In whichever form, a desired amount of copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be provided in the cigarette filter portion by a combination of the coated amount of reagent/area of the paper and/or the total area of coated paper employed in the filter (e.g., higher amounts of copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be provided using larger pieces of coated paper). In the cigarettes shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tobacco rod 4 and the filter portion 6 are joined together with tipping paper 14. In both cigarettes, the filter portion 6 may be held together by filter overwrap 11.
Copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be incorporated into the filter paper in a number of ways. For example, copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be mixed with water to form a slurry. The slurry can then be coated onto pre-formed filter paper and allowed to dry. The filter paper can then be incorporated into the filter portion of a cigarette in the manner shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Alternatively, dried paper can be wrapped into a plug shape and inserted into a filter portion of the cigarette. For example, the paper can be wrapped into a plug shape and inserted as a plug into the interior of a free-flow filter element such as a polypropylene or cellulose acetate sleeve. In another arrangement, the paper can comprise an inner liner of such a free-flow filter element.
Alternatively and preferably, copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is added to the filter paper during the paper-making process. For example, copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be mixed with bulk cellulose to form a cellulose pulp mixture. The mixture can be formed into filter paper by any suitable method.
In another preferred embodiment, copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is incorporated into the fibrous material of the cigarette filter portion itself. Such filter materials include, but are not limited to, fibrous filter materials including paper, cellulose acetate fibers, and polypropylene fibers. This embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 3, which shows a cigarette 2 comprised of a tobacco rod 4 and a filter portion 6 in the form of a plug-space-plug filter having a mouthpiece filter 8, a plug 16, and a space 18. The plug 16 can comprise a tube or solid piece of material, such as polypropylene or cellulose acetate fibers. The tobacco rod 4 and the filter portion 6 are joined together with tipping paper 14. The filter portion 6 may include a filter overwrap 11. The filter overwrap 11 containing traditional fibrous filter material and copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be incorporated in or on the filter overwrap 11, such as by being coated thereon. Alternatively, copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be incorporated in the mouthpiece filter 8, in the plug 16, and/or in the space 18. Moreover, copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be incorporated in any element of the filter portion of a cigarette. For example, the filter portion may consist only of the mouthpiece filter 8 and copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be incorporated in the mouthpiece filter 8 and/or in the tipping paper 14.
FIG. 4 shows a cigarette 2 comprised of a tobacco rod 4 and filter portion 6. This arrangement is similar to that of FIG. 3 except the space 18 contains copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst or a plug 15 made of material such as fibrous polypropylene or cellulose acetate containing copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst. As in the previous embodiment, the plug 16 can be hollow or solid and the tobacco rod 4 and filter portion 6 are joined together with tipping paper 14. There is also a filter overwrap 11.
FIG. 5 shows a cigarette 2 comprised of a tobacco rod 4 and a filter portion 6 wherein the filter portion 6 includes a mouthpiece filter 8, a filter overwrap 11, tipping paper 14 to join the tobacco rod 4 and filter portion 6, a space 18, a plug 16, and a hollow sleeve 20. Copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be incorporated into one or more elements of the filter portion 6. For instance, copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be incorporated into the sleeve 20, or copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be filled into the space within the sleeve 20. The plug 16 and sleeve 20 can be made of material, such as fibrous polypropylene or cellulose acetate containing copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst. As in the previous embodiment, the plug 16 can be hollow or solid.
FIGS. 6 and 7 show further modifications of the filter portion 6. In FIG. 6, cigarette 2 is comprised of a tobacco rod 4 and filter portion 6. The filter portion 6 includes a mouthpiece filter 8, a filter overwrap 11, a plug 22, and a sleeve 20. Copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be incorporated in one or more of these filter elements. In FIG. 7, the filter portion 6 includes a mouthpiece filter 8 and a plug 24. Copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be incorporated in one or more of these filter elements. Like the plug 16, the plugs 22 and 24 can be solid or hollow. In the cigarettes shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the tobacco rod 4 and filter portion 6 are joined together by tipping paper 14.
Various techniques can be used to apply copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst to filter fibers or other substrate supports. For example, copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be added to the filter fibers before they are formed into a filter cartridge, e.g., a tip for a cigarette. Copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be added to the filter fibers, for example, in the form of a dry powder or a slurry. If copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is applied in the form of a slurry, the fibers are allowed to dry before they are formed into a filter cartridge.
In another preferred embodiment, copper-exchanged molecular sieve sorbent is employed in a hollow portion of a cigarette filter. For example, some cigarette filters have a plug/space/plug configuration in which the plugs comprise a fibrous filter material and the space is a void between the two filter plugs. That void can contain the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst. An example of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 3. Copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be in granular form, or can be loaded onto a suitable support, such as a fiber or thread.
In another embodiment, the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is employed in a filter portion of a cigarette for use with a smoking device as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,692,525, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. FIG. 8 illustrates one type of construction of a cigarette 100 which can be used with an electrical smoking device. The cigarette 100 includes a tobacco rod 60 and a filter portion 62 joined by tipping paper 64. The filter portion 62 preferably contains a tubular free-flow filter element 102 and a mouthpiece filter plug 104. The free-flow filter element 102 and mouthpiece filter plug 104 may be joined together as a combined plug 110 with plug wrap 112. The tobacco rod 60 can have various forms incorporating one or more of the following items: an overwrap 71, another tubular free-flow filter element 74, a cylindrical tobacco plug 80 preferably wrapped in a plug wrap 84, a tobacco web 66 comprising a base web 68 and tobacco flavor material 70, and a void space 91. The free-flow filter element 74 provides structural definition and support at the tipped end 72 of the tobacco rod 60. At the free end 78 of the tobacco rod 60, the tobacco web 66 together with overwrap 71 are wrapped about cylindrical tobacco plug 80. Various modifications can be made to a filter arrangement for such a cigarette incorporating the copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst.
In such a cigarette, copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be incorporated in various ways, such as by being loaded onto paper or other substrate material which is fitted into the passageway of the tubular free-flow filter element 102 therein. It may also be deployed as a liner or a plug in the interior of the tubular free-flow filter element 102. Alternatively, copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be incorporated into the fibrous wall portions of the tubular free-flow filter element 102 itself. For instance, the tubular free-flow filter element or sleeve 102 can be made of suitable materials such as polypropylene or cellulose acetate fibers, and copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be mixed with such fibers prior to or as part of the sleeve forming process.
In another embodiment, copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be incorporated into the mouthpiece filter plug 104 instead of in the element 102. However, as in the previously described embodiments, copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst may be incorporated into more than one constituent of a filter portion, such as by being incorporated into the mouthpiece filter plug 104 and into the tubular free-flow filter element 102. The filter portion 62 of FIG. 8 can also be modified to create a void space into which copper-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst can be inserted. Preferably at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% or more of the selected constituent is removed from the tobacco smoke by the catalyst.
While the invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes can be made, and equivalents employed, without departing from the scope of the invention.
All of the above-mentioned references are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual reference was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Claims

1-33. (canceled)

34. A smoking article comprising:

a copper-ion exchanged molecular sieve catalyst incorporated into a smoking mixture,

wherein the copper-ion exchanged molecular sieve catalyst comprises

a microporous molecular sieve substrate having pores with an average pore size of from 3 Å to 15 Å, and copper ions incorporated into the microporous molecular sieve substrate,

wherein the copper-ion exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is capable of removing NO, NO₂, or both from mainstream smoke during smoking,

wherein the copper-ion exchanged molecular sieve catalyst comprises pores sufficiently small to exclude constituents in mainstream smoke having more than 12 carbon atoms, and

wherein the copper-ion exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is further incorporated into a filter portion of the smoking article to act as a sorbent.

35. The smoking article of claim 34, wherein the copper-ion exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is capable of selectively removing more benzene and 1,3-butadiene from mainstream smoke than molecules larger than benzene.

36. The smoking article of claim 34, wherein the microporous molecular sieve substrate has an average pore size of 8 Å or smaller.

37. The smoking article of claim 36, wherein the microporous molecular sieve substrate has an average pore size of 6 Å or smaller.

38. The smoking article of claim 34, wherein the copper-ion exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is in particle form having an average mesh size from 20 mesh to 60 mesh.

39. The smoking article of claim 34, wherein the microporous molecular sieve substrate is a zeolite selected from the group consisting of zeolite ZSM-5, zeolite A, zeolite X, zeolite Y, zeolite K-G, zeolite ZK-5, zeolite Beta, zeolite ZK-4, and mixtures thereof.

40. The smoking article of claim 34, wherein the copper-ion exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is Cu(II)-ZSM-5.

41. A smoking article comprising:

wherein the copper-ion exchanged molecular sieve catalyst comprises

wherein the copper-ion exchanged molecular sieve catalyst comprises pores sufficiently small to exclude constituents in mainstream smoke having more than 12 carbon atoms,

wherein the copper-ion exchanged molecular sieve catalyst is further incorporated into a filter portion of the smoking article to act as a sorbent; and

a second molecular sieve material capable of selectively removing at least some of at least one constituent of mainstream smoke that is not removed by the copper-ion exchanged molecular sieve catalyst.

42. The smoking article of claim 41, wherein the second molecular sieve material comprises a catalytic metal other than copper(II).

43. The smoking article of claim 42, wherein the catalytic metal is selected from the group consisting of iron, manganese, and mixtures thereof.

44. The smoking article of claim 34, wherein the smoking article is selected from the group consisting of a cigarette, a pipe, a cigar and a non-traditional cigarette.

45. The smoking article of claim 44, wherein the smoking article is a cigarette.

46. The smoking article of claim 34, comprising from 10 mg to 300 mg of the copper-ion exchanged molecular sieve catalyst.

47. The smoking article of claim 46, comprising from 50 mg to 150 mg of the copper-ion exchanged molecular sieve catalyst.

48. A method of making the cigarette of claim 45, the method comprising:

(i) providing a cut filler comprising a copper(II)-ion exchanged molecular sieve catalyst interspersed in the cut filler to a cigarette making machine to form a tobacco column;

(ii) placing a paper wrapper around the tobacco column to form a tobacco rod; and

(iii) attaching a cigarette filter to the tobacco rod to form the cigarette of claim 13.

49. A method of smoking the cigarette of claim 45, the method comprising:

lighting or heating the cigarette of claim 45 to form smoke; and

drawing the smoke through the cigarette,

wherein during the smoking of the cigarette, the copper-ion exchanged molecular sieve catalyst reduces the concentration of at least one of NO and NO₂in the mainstream smoke.