US2103538A - Reflector - Google Patents

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Publication number
US2103538A
US2103538A US754317A US75431734A US2103538A US 2103538 A US2103538 A US 2103538A US 754317 A US754317 A US 754317A US 75431734 A US75431734 A US 75431734A US 2103538 A US2103538 A US 2103538A
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United States
Prior art keywords
reflector
silver
coating
glass body
layer
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Expired - Lifetime
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US754317A
Inventor
Frank P Kolb
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Bausch and Lomb Inc
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Bausch and Lomb Inc
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Priority to US754317A priority Critical patent/US2103538A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F21V7/28—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/934—Electrical process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/934—Electrical process
    • Y10S428/935—Electroplating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/936—Chemical deposition, e.g. electroless plating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12049—Nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12056—Entirely inorganic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
    • Y10T428/12069—Plural nonparticulate metal components
    • Y10T428/12076—Next to each other
    • Y10T428/12083—Nonmetal in particulate component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
    • Y10T428/12104—Particles discontinuous
    • Y10T428/12111—Separated by nonmetal matrix or binder [e.g., welding electrode, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12118—Nonparticulate component has Ni-, Cu-, or Zn-base
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12542—More than one such component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12556—Organic component
    • Y10T428/12569—Synthetic resin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12597—Noncrystalline silica or noncrystalline plural-oxide component [e.g., glass, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12896—Ag-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal

Definitions

  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a new and improved reflector having a relatively long life and being easy and simple to repair. Another object is to provide a reflector having a protective coating which is impervious to moisture and eflicient in heat radiation.
  • a further object is to provide a reflector having a protective coating including glycerol phthalate and aluminum powder.
  • Fig. 1 is a. face view of a reflector embodying my invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a section taken on'line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
  • My invention is illustrated in the drawing wherein 5 indicates'a' concavo convex glass body which is ground and polished on both surfaces and a reflective layer 6 of silver is chemically deposited on the convex surface.
  • a layer 1 of cop- 45 per is electrolytically superimposed upon the silver in the usual manner.
  • Reflectors having a glass body, a layer of silver and a layer of copper is also essential that the coating 8 be free from excessive expansion and contraction and it must be incapable of tearing out pieces of the glass body when it does expand or contract.
  • the synthetic resins combine these properties and glyceral phthalate, sold under the trade name of Glyptal has been found to serve very well.- Such a substance can be spread'onto the refiector in a very thin coat which is moisture proof, yet of insufficient strength to pit the glass surface regardless of the amount of expansion or contraction.
  • a metallic pigment preferably aluminum pow- I v der, is incorporated in the resinous coating to radiate the heat from the reflector.
  • Other pigments can be used but metallic pigments are ;preferred because of their radiating powers and because the flatness of metallic. flakes permits the use of a thinner coating.
  • Silver and copper backed reflectors should not be subjected to temperatures above 600 degrees'F.
  • Another advantage from the use of glycerol phthalate is the factthat it deteriorates at this temperature. This affords an indicator'showing whether or not the reflector has been subjected to excessive heating.
  • the reflecting backing ofthe reflector In the event that the reflecting backing ofthe reflector is destroyed or damaged, it is necessary only to resilver, recopper and recoat the glass body portion. Failure of the backing does not destroy the surface of the glass and hence it is not necessary to re at the costly steps of regrinding and repolishing't e glass body portion.
  • the reflecting backing alone can be replaced at relatively small cost.
  • a reflector comprising a glass body, a reflective layer of silver on said body, a layer of copper on said silver and a protective coating, said coating being composed principally of glycerol phthalate and containing a metallic pigment.
  • a reflector comprising a glass body, a reflective layer of silver on said body, a layer of copper on said silver and a protective coating, said coating being composed principally of glycerol phthalate and containing an aluminum powder.

Description

. Dec. 28, 1937. F. P.'KOLB 2,163,538
REFLECTOR Filed Nov 22, 1934 6 SILVER 7 COPPER FRANK P. KOLB' INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Doc. 28, 1937 UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE.
.REFLECTOR Frank P. Kolb, Rochester, N. Y., assignor to 'Bausch & Lomb Optical Company, Rochester, N. Y., acorporation of New York Application November 22, 1934, Serial No. 754,317
2 Claims. (Cl. 88105) coating takes up moisture when cool, losing it' when heated and shrinking as the moisture is '15 driven off. As the coating is relatively thick,
strong and closely adherent to the backing, this shrinking process causes it to destroy the backing and even to destroy the surface of the glass body. Thus the life of these'reflectors was relatively short and repairing them required regrinding and repolishing the glass as well as resilvering.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a new and improved reflector having a relatively long life and being easy and simple to repair. Another object is to provide a reflector having a protective coating which is impervious to moisture and eflicient in heat radiation.
' A further object is to provide a reflector having a protective coating including glycerol phthalate and aluminum powder. These and other objects and advantages reside in certainnovel features of construction, arrangement and combinations of elements as will hereinafter be more fully set .forth and pointed out in the appended claims.
. In the drawing: 1
Fig. 1 is a. face view of a reflector embodying my invention.
Fig. 2 is a section taken on'line 2-2 of Fig. 1. My invention is illustrated in the drawing wherein 5 indicates'a' concavo convex glass body which is ground and polished on both surfaces and a reflective layer 6 of silver is chemically deposited on the convex surface. A layer 1 of cop- 45 per is electrolytically superimposed upon the silver in the usual manner. Reflectors having a glass body, a layer of silver and a layer of copper is also essential that the coating 8 be free from excessive expansion and contraction and it must be incapable of tearing out pieces of the glass body when it does expand or contract. The synthetic resins combine these properties and glyceral phthalate, sold under the trade name of Glyptal has been found to serve very well.- Such a substance can be spread'onto the refiector in a very thin coat which is moisture proof, yet of insufficient strength to pit the glass surface regardless of the amount of expansion or contraction.
A metallic pigment, preferably aluminum pow- I v der, is incorporated in the resinous coating to radiate the heat from the reflector. Other pigments can be used but metallic pigments are ;preferred because of their radiating powers and because the flatness of metallic. flakes permits the use of a thinner coating.
Silver and copper backed reflectors should not be subjected to temperatures above 600 degrees'F. Another advantage from the use of glycerol phthalate is the factthat it deteriorates at this temperature. This affords an indicator'showing whether or not the reflector has been subjected to excessive heating.
In the event thatthe reflecting backing ofthe reflector is destroyed or damaged, it is necessary only to resilver, recopper and recoat the glass body portion. Failure of the backing does not destroy the surface of the glass and hence it is not necessary to re at the costly steps of regrinding and repolishing't e glass body portion. The reflecting backing alone can be replaced at relatively small cost.
From the foregoing it is apparent that I am able to attain the objects of my invention and provide a new and improved reflector having a long life and being easy and inexpensive to repair. Various modifications can, of course, be made without departing from the spirit .of my inven tion.
I claim:
l. A reflector comprising a glass body, a reflective layer of silver on said body, a layer of copper on said silver and a protective coating, said coating being composed principally of glycerol phthalate and containing a metallic pigment.
2. A reflector comprising a glass body, a reflective layer of silver on said body, a layer of copper on said silver and a protective coating, said coating being composed principally of glycerol phthalate and containing an aluminum powder.
FRANK P. KOLB. I
US754317A 1934-11-22 1934-11-22 Reflector Expired - Lifetime US2103538A (en)

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2472991A (en) * 1940-07-13 1949-06-14 Thomas W Sukumlyn Optical light wedge
US2596515A (en) * 1946-03-14 1952-05-13 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Coating vitreous substances
US2635289A (en) * 1945-11-16 1953-04-21 Freeman H Owens Method and means for producing optical and other precision elements and the products thereof
US2719097A (en) * 1949-05-07 1955-09-27 Alois Vogt Method for the production of thin continuous surface layers of precious metals
US2740732A (en) * 1951-07-16 1956-04-03 Sprague Electric Co Process of bonding a metal film to a thermoplastic sheet and resulting product
US2856818A (en) * 1954-07-27 1958-10-21 Ohio Plate Glass Company Protective mirror coating
US3427096A (en) * 1963-01-21 1969-02-11 Donnelly Mirrors Inc Shatter resistant rearview mirror
US3963347A (en) * 1974-05-09 1976-06-15 American Optical Corporation Erbium laser ceilometer
US4666263A (en) * 1986-01-16 1987-05-19 Deposition Technology, Inc. Radiant energy reflector and method for construction thereof
US4892991A (en) * 1987-03-28 1990-01-09 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Utilization of a material possessing a micro-duplex grain structure
US4933823A (en) * 1989-06-19 1990-06-12 Martin Processing, Inc. Reflector material for artificial light source
US5075134A (en) * 1990-01-11 1991-12-24 Lilly Industrial Coatings, Inc. Mirrorback coating
US5094881A (en) * 1990-01-11 1992-03-10 Lilly Industrial Coatings, Inc. Mirrorback coating
US5143789A (en) * 1990-01-11 1992-09-01 Lilly Industrial Coatings, Inc. Mirrorback coating
US5156917A (en) * 1990-01-11 1992-10-20 Lilly Industries, Inc. Mirrorback coating
US5248331A (en) * 1990-01-11 1993-09-28 Lilly Industries, Inc. Mirror back coating
US5252402A (en) * 1990-01-11 1993-10-12 Lilly Industries, Inc. Mirrorback coating
US5361172A (en) * 1993-01-21 1994-11-01 Midwest Research Institute Durable metallized polymer mirror

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2472991A (en) * 1940-07-13 1949-06-14 Thomas W Sukumlyn Optical light wedge
US2635289A (en) * 1945-11-16 1953-04-21 Freeman H Owens Method and means for producing optical and other precision elements and the products thereof
US2596515A (en) * 1946-03-14 1952-05-13 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Coating vitreous substances
US2719097A (en) * 1949-05-07 1955-09-27 Alois Vogt Method for the production of thin continuous surface layers of precious metals
US2740732A (en) * 1951-07-16 1956-04-03 Sprague Electric Co Process of bonding a metal film to a thermoplastic sheet and resulting product
US2856818A (en) * 1954-07-27 1958-10-21 Ohio Plate Glass Company Protective mirror coating
US3427096A (en) * 1963-01-21 1969-02-11 Donnelly Mirrors Inc Shatter resistant rearview mirror
US3963347A (en) * 1974-05-09 1976-06-15 American Optical Corporation Erbium laser ceilometer
US4666263A (en) * 1986-01-16 1987-05-19 Deposition Technology, Inc. Radiant energy reflector and method for construction thereof
US4892991A (en) * 1987-03-28 1990-01-09 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Utilization of a material possessing a micro-duplex grain structure
US4933823A (en) * 1989-06-19 1990-06-12 Martin Processing, Inc. Reflector material for artificial light source
US5075134A (en) * 1990-01-11 1991-12-24 Lilly Industrial Coatings, Inc. Mirrorback coating
US5094881A (en) * 1990-01-11 1992-03-10 Lilly Industrial Coatings, Inc. Mirrorback coating
US5143789A (en) * 1990-01-11 1992-09-01 Lilly Industrial Coatings, Inc. Mirrorback coating
US5156917A (en) * 1990-01-11 1992-10-20 Lilly Industries, Inc. Mirrorback coating
US5248331A (en) * 1990-01-11 1993-09-28 Lilly Industries, Inc. Mirror back coating
US5252402A (en) * 1990-01-11 1993-10-12 Lilly Industries, Inc. Mirrorback coating
US5361172A (en) * 1993-01-21 1994-11-01 Midwest Research Institute Durable metallized polymer mirror

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