US2114774A - Building block and wall made therefrom - Google Patents

Description

April 19, 1938. SBROZEK 2,114,774

BUILDING BLOCK AND WALL MADE THEREFROM Filed July 17, 1.956 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 April 19, 1938.

S. BROZEK BUILDING BLOCK AND WALL MADE THEREFROM Filed July 17, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Apr. 19, 1938 D STATES PATENT OFHQ BUILDING BLOCK AND WALL MADE THEREFROM Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent during the course of'the following description.

In'the accompanying drawings forming a part of this application and in'which like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same, I T

Figure 1 is a plan view of the first layer of assembled blocks,

Figure 2 is a similar view of the layer of assembled blocks,

Figure 3 is a transverse section taken on line 33 of Figure 1, the I-locking blocks being omitted, g

Figure l is a side elevation of a Wall embodying my blocks, viewed from the outer side of the Same Figure 5 is a transverse section taken on line 55 of Figure 3,

Figure 6 is an exploded perspective view of the blocks at the left corner of the wall,

Figure 7 is a vertical section taken on line I of Figure 1,

"Figure 8 is a horizontal section taken on line 88 of Figure 5, and,"

Figure 9 is a transverse section taken on line 99 of Figure 6.

In the'drawings, wherein for the purpose of second upper illustration is shown a preferred embodiment of my invention, the numerals II), II and l2, designate side walls, with the side walls Ill and I2 disposed at a right'angle to the side wall ll.

Each side wall comprises side blocks l3, see more particularly Figure 6. Each side block has a main horizontal recess or passage l4 formed therein, the walls i5 and it of which are at a right angle. The vertical wall It is provided with a vertical locking recess ll, equi-distantly spaced from its opposite ends. The vertical locking recess H has one end open while its opposite end is closed by a wall L8. The numeral I9 designates a vertical air circulating passage which is arranged adjacent to the end wall I8 of the vertical locking recess I! and wholly upon the open side thereof. This passage communicates with a horizontal air circulating groove 19a, formed in the edge of the blocks, at their central longitudinal axes. block l3 has end walls 20, provided with vertical locking recesses 2i opened at their opposite ends,

Each

These locking recesses lead into the main recess orpassage I4, as shown. The vertical end looking recessesZl are provided in their inner walls 22 with horizontal grooves 23, for receiving the fingers so that the mason may place the blocks into'positiom' The sideblocks I3 are identical, and in the next'upper l'ayer,'the side blocks are inverted, whereby their reduced portions M enter the main recesses M of the next lower side blocks. The blocks in the upper layer break joint with the blocks in the lower layer' and the vertical locking recesses ll of the upper inverted blocks l3 will register with reduced portions of the vertical locking end recesses 21 of the next lower blocks [3, forming locking passages. This looking passageisin communication withthe air'circulating passage IQ of the upper blocks l3. The air circulating passage I9 is upon the inner side of the recess H, in Figure 1, and upon the outer side of the samein the next upper layer, Figure 2. The locking recess I] in the lower side block l3 registers with the reduced portions of the looking recesses 2| in the meeting ends of the inverted upper blocks -|3-, forming a locking passage.

The numeral 24 designates the lower corner block, .at the left corner of the structure. This corner block has a main recess 25, having one end closed bya wall .26, while its oppositeend is open. The side wall 2'! of the recess 25 is provided with a vertical locking recess28, arranged adjacent to, and upon one side of a vertical air circulating opening 29. The corner block is provided in its end wall 3|] with. a vertical locking recess 3!, passing through the main recess 25 and upon its inner side and adjacent to its opposite end wall 32, with a vertical locking recess 33, also passing throughthem ain recess 25. e The corner block 24 is provided in its bottom with an air circulating groove 34, which extends longitudinally and transversely of the block and leads into the recesses 3| and 33 and also into the air circulating passage 29. I

The corner block in the next upper layer is designated by the numeral 35 and is provided with a main recess 36, forming a reduced portion 31, for insertion within the recess 25 of the corner block and the recess M of the adjacent side block. This upper corner block is provided with a vertical intermediate locking recess 38, having its lower end open and its top closed by an end wall 39, and also has a vertical air circulating passage 40, arranged adjacent to the recess 38 and upon one side thereof. The air circulating passage 40 leads into an air circulating groove M formed upon the upper face of the corner block 35; This corner block is provided upon one vertical end wall 42 with a vertical locking recess 43, passing through the main recess 36 and communicating with the air circulating groove 4|. Near its opposite end wall 44, the block 35 is provided in its side with a vertical locking recess 45 which also intersects the transverse section of the main recess 36.

The numeral 46 designates I-locking-blocks, which are vertically arranged in use and correspond in vertical dimensions to the side and corner blocks. Each I-locking-block has side grooves 4'! and recesses 48 at their lower ends, and the recesses 48 are in communication with the grooves 41, as shown.

In assembling the blocks in the first layer to produce the walls l and II, and corner at the left, the side blocks l3 are arranged in end-toend relation. The vertical locking recesses 2| of one side block register with the vertical locking recess 2| of the next side block. The corner block 24 is next brought into position adjacent to the side block |3 in wall l0, and its vertical locking recess 3| will register with the locking recess 2|. The corner block 24 is also brought into close proximity to the side block |3 of wall II, and vertical locking recess 33 will register with vertical locking recess 2|. The vertical I- locking-blocks 46 are now inserted into the assembled locking recesses 2| of the side blocks l3; the assembled locking recesses 2| and 3| of the side block in wall I0 and the corner block 24; and in the assembled recesses 2| and 33 of the side block in wall I and the corner block 24.

In assembling the side blocks in the walls l0 and II in the next upper layer, the side blocks are inverted and the side blocks in the upper layer break joint with the side blocks in the lower layer. The inverted side blocks |3 have their reduced portions l4 fitting in the main recesses M of the lower layer of blocks. The ends of the side blocks in the upper layer terminate at the center line of the recesses l! in the side blocks in the lower layer and also at the center line of the recess 28 of the corner block 24. The recesses I! and 2|, 28 and 39 therefore provide vertical locking passages for receiving the vertical I-locking-blocks 46. The recesses 48 in the I-locking-blocks are in communication with the air circulating passages l9 and with the air circulating grooves l9a. When the corner block 35 is placed in position, the reduced portion of its vertical locking recess 45 will register with recess 28 of the lower corner block 24 and the vertical locking recess 2| of the adjacent block |3 in wall l0, and these recesses 45, 2| and 28 will afford a vertical locking passage for the vertical I-locking-block. The reduced portion 31 of the corner block enters the recess 25, and locking recess 39 coacts with looking recesses 33 and 2| of the side block in wall II to afford a vertical locking passage for the vertical I-locking-block 45. The vertical locking recess H in the adjacent side block |3 of wall coacts with the vertical locking recess 43 in the corner block 35 and the vertical locking recess 2| in the adjacent inverted side block.

The construction of the wall I 2 is identical with wall Ill and the corner blocks 24' and 35 of walls II and I2 with the corner blocks 24 and 35, except that they face in opposite directions.

The meeting surfaces of the blocks and the I- locking-blocks may have cement applied thereto, to bond the blocks together, care being taken that the cement does not enter the air circulating passages or grooves to any considerable extent and thereby retard ventilation.

In order that ventilation may be had between the blocks from the interior and exterior of the building, the side blocks in layers at different elevations may have ventilating passages 41, lead ing into the ventilating passages I9, the horizontal ventilating passages 4'! extending in opposite directions, as shown in Figure 5.

It is to be understood that the form of my invention herewith shown and described is to be taken as a preferred example of the same and that various changes in the shape, size, and arrangement of parts may be resorted to, without departing from the spirit of my invention or the scope of the subjoined claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. A building block provided at one corner with a main recess to afford a vertical reduced portion, said block being provided near its ends with vertical locking recesses which communicate with the main recess, said vertical reduced portion being provided upon its inner face with an intermediate locking recess having its outer end open and an inner closed end disposed adjacent to the horizontal wall of the main recess, said block having a vertical air circulating passage arranged adjacent to and upon one side of the closed end of the intermediate locking recess.

2. A corner block provided at one corner with a main recess extending through one end of the block and closed at its opposite end to provide a reduced extension, said block being provided in one end with a locking recess passing through the main recess and upon one side and near its opposite end with a locking recess passing through the main recess, the reduced extension being provided with an intermediate locking recess having its inner end closed, the block having an air circulating passage disposed adjacent to and upon one side of the intermediate locking recess, said block being provided upon its horizontal face remote from the main recesses with a groove communicating with the outer locking recesses and the air circulating passage.

3. A corner block provided at one corner with a main recess extending through its opposite ends to afford a depending reduced portion, said block being provided in one end with a locking recess extending through the main recess and upon one side with a locking recess extending through the main recess, said reduced portion having an intermediate locking recess closed at its inner end, said block having an air circulating passage leading into the main recess upon one side of the intermediate locking recess, said block being provided in its top with a groove leading into the first named locking recesses and the air circulating passage.

4. A wall construction, comprising upper and lower layers of blocks, each block being provided at one corner with a main recess for forming a reduced vertical portion, each block having locking recesses in its ends passing through the main recess, said reduced portion having an intermediate locking recess upon its inner face, each block having an air circulating passage adjacent to and communicating with the intermediate locking recess, the blocks in each layer having their end locking recesses in registration for forming vertical passages, the blocks in the upper layer being inverted with respect to the blocks in the lower layer and arranged to break joint with the blocks in the lower layer so that the reduced portions of the inverted blocks in the upper layer enter the main recesses of the blocks in the lower layer and portions of the end locking recesses extending through the vertical reduced portions of the upper inverted blocks register with the intermediate locking recesses of the blocks in the lower layer and portions of the end locking recesses extending through the reduced portions of the blocks in the lower layer registering with the intermediate locking recesses of the blocks in the upper layer, and looking blocks having longitudinal air circulating means, the locking blocks being inserted within the assembled end and intermediate locking recesses of the blocks, the longitudinal air circulating means of the locking blocks having communication with the air circulating passages of the blocks.

5. A wall construction, comprising upper and lower layers of blocks, each block being provided at one corner with a main recess for forming a reduced vertical portion, each block having locking recesses in its ends passing through the main recess, said reduced portion having an intermediate locking recess upon its inner face, each block having an air circulating passage adjacent to and communicating with the intermediate locking recess, each block being provided with a longitudinal air circulating groove upon its horizontal face remote from the main recess, said horizontal groove communicating with said air circulating passage, the blocks in each layer having their end locking recesses in registration for forming vertical passages, the blocks in the upper layer being inverted with respect to the blocks in the lower layer and arranged to break joint with the blocks in the lower layer so that the reduced portions of the inverted blocks in the upper layer enter the main recesses of the blocks in the lower layer and portions of the end locking recesses extending through the vertical reduced portions of the upper inverted blocks register with the intermediate locking recesses of the blocks in the lower layer and portions of the end locking recesses extending through the reduced vertical portions of the blocks in the lower layer register with the intermediate locking recesses of the blocks in the upper layer, and looking blocks having longitudinal air circulating means, the locking blocks being inserted within the assembled end and intermediate locking recesses of the blocks, the longitudinal air circulating means of the locking blocks having communication with the air circulating passages of the blocks.

6. A wall construction, comprising upper and lower layers of blocks, each block being provided at one corner with a main recess for forming a reduced vertical portion, each block having looking recesses in its ends passing through the main recess, said reduced portion having an intermediate locking recess upon its inner face, each block having an air circulating passage adjacent to and upon one side of the intermediate locking recess, the blocks in each layer having their end locking recesses in registration for forming vertical passages, the blocks in the upper layer being inverted with respect to the blocks in the lower layer and arranged to break joint with the blocks in the lower layer so that the reduced portions of the inverted blocks in the upper layer enter the main recesses of the blocks in the lower layer and portions of the end locking recesses extending through the vertical reduced portions of the upper inverted blocks register with the intermediate locking recesses of the blocks in the lower layer and portions of the end locking recesses extending through the reduced portions of the blocks in the lower layer registering with the intermediate locking recesses of the blocks in the upper layer, and the locking block for insertion within the assembled end and intermediate locking recesses, each locking block being provided upon its opposite sides with longitudinal air circulating passages and at one end with a recess in communication with the passages, the longitudinal air circulating passages of the locking blocks having communication with the air circulating passages of the blocks.

7. A corner block provided at one corner with a main longitudinal recess extending through one end of the block and terminating short of the opposite end of the block so that it is closed at this end, the main recess affording a reduced extension having portions arranged longitudinally and transversely of the block, said block being provided in its end adjacent to the open end of the main recess with a transverse locking recess leading into the main recess and upon its side adjacent to the open side of the main recess and near the closed end of the main recess with a transverse locking recess leading into the main recess, the longitudinal portion of the reduced extension being provided with an intermediate locking recess which is closed near the bottom of the main recess, the block having a transverse air circulating passage disposed adjacent to and communicating with the intermediate locking recess.

8. A corner block provided at longitudinal corner and one transverse corner with a main recess including longitudinal and transverse portions for afiording a depending reduced portion, said block being provided at its end remote from the transverse portion of the main recess with a transverse locking recess leading into the main recess and upon its side remote from the longitudinal portion of the main recess with a transverse locking recess leading into the main recess, said reduced portion having a tranverse intermediate locking recess with its inner end closed near the top wall of the main recess, said block having a transverse air circulating passage arranged adjacent to and communicating with the intermediate locking recess.

9. A wall construction, comprising a layer of blocks arranged in end to end relation, each block being provided in its ends with substantially vertical locking recesses, the recesses being spaced from the opposite sides of the block, each block having a longitudinal groove upon its horizontal face which communicates with the recesses, and substantially vertical elongated locking blocks inserted within the assembled recesses, each locking block being provided with longitudinal air circulating means.

10. A wall construction, comprising a layer of blocks, each block being provided in its ends with substantially vertical locking recesses which are spaced from the opposite sides of the block, each block being provided upon its bottom with an air circulating groove which leads at its opposite end" into the locking recesses, and substantially vertical locking blocks inserted within the assemble-r locking recesses, each locking block being covered by the opposite sides of the blocks, each locking block being provided upon its opposite sides with. longitudinal grooves and at its lower end with a transverse recess in communication with the grooves, the transverse recess being in communication with the air circulating grooves of the blocks.

11. A block provided at one corner with a main recess for forming a reduced vertical portion, said block having locking recesses in its ends passing through the main recess, said reduced portion having an intermediate locking recess upon its inner face, each block having an upstanding intermediate air circulating passage in communication with the intermediate locking recess, and the block having a horizontally extending groove formed upon its horizontal face remote from the main recess, the groove having communication with the end locking recesses and the intermediate air passage.

12. A block provided at one corner with a main recess for forming a reduced vertical portion, said block having locking recesses in its ends passing through the main recess, said reduced portion having an intermediate locking recess upon its inner face, each block having an upstanding intermediate air circulating passage in communication with the intermediate locking recess, said block having a substantially horizontal air circulating passage in communication with the intermediate air circulating passage and passing through the vertical face of the block, and the block having a horizontally extending groove formed upon its horizontal face and having communication with the end locking recesses and the intermediate air passage.

STANLEY BROZEK.

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