US2468321A - Method of and apparatus for simultaneous impact crushing of separate streams of sized rock - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for simultaneous impact crushing of separate streams of sized rock Download PDF

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US2468321A
US2468321A US582924A US58292445A US2468321A US 2468321 A US2468321 A US 2468321A US 582924 A US582924 A US 582924A US 58292445 A US58292445 A US 58292445A US 2468321 A US2468321 A US 2468321A
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rock
shoes
particles
impact
rocks
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills

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  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for crushing or pulverizing various materials, and has been primarily devised for crushing or pulverizing hard or silicious rocks or ores although it may be used for other analogous purposes.
  • One object of the invention is to provide a method for crushing or pulverizing hard rocks wherein astream of the rock to be crushed is fed into the path of impact shoes of a rotary impeller or hammer which strike the rock at avery high speed and practically instantaneously change its direction ofv movement.
  • the speeds of the impact shoes employed may vary from 8000- linear feet per minute to 20,600 linear feet per minute, or more, and by their sudden impact and change of direction of movement of the rock impacted the rock is crushed or broken and in fact appears to virtually explode into small fragments. These fragments in turn may be thrown against an impact plate where at high speeds additional breaking or pulverizing may occur.
  • Impact crushers of this general type have heretofore been used on soft or sedimentary rock wherein the impact crusher may operate at a comparatively low speed.
  • attempts at using an impact crusher on hard or silicious rocks have been unsuccessful due to the failure or inability of the impeller to stand up under the severe shocks occasioned by the required use of high speeds and the encountering of the harder rock.
  • an impeller that islargely a monolithic structure except for replaceable impact shoes, such monolithic structure either being formedby a single casting to which the shoes are attached or if fabricated. its parts are welded together so as to thus be rendered an integral construction.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus wherein the rock is fed into the path of the shoes on the rotary hammer or impeller so as to reduce wear thereon.
  • impact crushers of this general character it has been common practice to drop all of the rock to be crushed. in a common stream or chute with all sizes mixed together into the path of the shoes. This enablesthe larger pieces of rock to fall into direct contact with the. shoesresulting in a very rapid wearing. away of their faces due to chipping, flaking, or pitting of'the metal.
  • the wear to which the shoes are subjected is essentially of two kinds, namely the rubbing. or scratching away of the metal due to rubbing of the rock relative to the shoes occasioned by the rock tending to slide thereon when it encounters the shoes at an angle and the direct impact occasioned by large rocks being squarely struck by the shoes.
  • the rubbing or scratching; of the metal can to a large extent be reduced or eliminated. by directing the rock into the path of the. moving impact shoe so that the departure from the normal angle of incidence is as little'possible.
  • the use of a very high speed of" impact will normally accomplish this; High speed, however, will increase thewear due to impact which results in the pitting. chipping, flaking, or breaking way of small pieces of the faces of the shoes.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus wherein the impeller may be driven at high speed to thus reducethe rubbing or simple attrition and which makes provision for reducing the effect of the impact occasioned by large rocks being struck directly by the face of the impact shoes.
  • Still a further object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus f or crushing rock and like substances wherein there is a continuously flowing circulatory path for the rock into which isintroduced new'rock. to be crushed. and from which it is continuously extracted to crush rock. wherein the rock is segregated into large and small sizes which are fed into the path of the shoes in such: a manner that the smaller particles are interposed between the shoes and the large rocks thus protecting the. shoes from wear occasioned by heavy impact.
  • This arrangement of feeding the rock into the path of the impeller enables the rock to be crushed very much finer than has been heretofore accomplished by impact type crushers.
  • the figure is a diagrammatic sectional view of an apparatus that may be employed to carry out the present: invention.
  • Ht indicates an. endless conveyor belt on which: new rock: to. be crushed indicated at I I may be conveyed to a sump or bin 12.
  • a bucket elevator I3 or the equivalent serves to elevate this rock from the bin l2 and discharge it into an upper hopper 14 to be deposited on a vibrating screen 15.
  • the two screens may be vibrated in any suitable manner so as to cause the rock to pass thereover and the finer particles to pass therethrough.
  • Shaft 28 may be driven at high speed are fed into the path of the impact shoes 26 so that they are at first to be encountered by the shoes.
  • the large rock particles which are fed through chute 25 are those which are most remote from the shoes.
  • the intermediate particles occupy position-s between the smallest particles and the largest particles.
  • the intermediate and smaller particles prevent such direct engagement and as the smaller particles which drop directly against the faces of the shoes have little inertia, these particles do not tend to pit or break off or fiake off the shoe faces.
  • the speed of rotation of the shoes is maintained quite high normally ranging from 8000 linear feet per minute to 20,000 linear feet per minute.
  • the falling rock which is encountered by the shoes has its direction changed almost instantaneously resulting in the large rock particles being broken into small fragments. These rocks fairly seem to explode under these conditions.
  • the smaller rock particles are broken further by being thrown against and grinding against the larger rock particles as soon as suffering direct impacts from the shoes.
  • the rock particles after striking the impact plate 29 and being somewhat further broken up descend and pass on the conveyor H] with the .4 incoming rock ll into the sump.
  • the impeller may be driven at materially lower speeds than 8000 linear feet per minute, and when slower speeds are used I find that the interposing of the smaller particles between the large rock and the shoe faces reduces abrasive wear on the shoes which would otherwise occur due to the slower speed employed.
  • rock may be continuously fed to the apparatus and the finished product continuously withdrawn therefrom and that the same screening operation may be used to separate the finished product and to segregate the rock that is fed to the impeller into large and. small sizes with the small sizes being utilized to protect the shoe faces from the heavy impacts of the large rocks.
  • the method of crushing rock which includes providing a circulatory path for rocks, introducing rock to be crushed into the path, segregating crushed rock from the path representing the finished product, classifying the rock to be crushed according to size and feeding the classified rocks in parallel paths into the path of a rotary impeller disposed in said circulatory path with the small rocks arranged to engage the impeller first, and returning the crushed rock to said path.
  • An apparatus for crushing rock comprising means providing a circulatory path, means for introducing rock to be crushed into said path, screening means for screening out crushed rock representing the finished product, screening means for segregating large rock from small rock to be crushed, a rotary impeller disposed in said REFERENCES CITED
  • the following references are of record in the file of this patent:

Description

April 26, 1949.- J. BLAND METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SIMULTANEOUS IMPACT CRUSHING OF SEPARATE STREAMS OF SIZED ROCK Filed March 15, 1945 O n 0 n a 3Q a 00 a m 4 9. w. 0% O 5 n 4 L 00 000 0 40 o o c v 9 0 09 c 9 0 0 W0 0 00 o 00 0 o 00.0 0 6 900000 L w 0 nw WO O O QD Q %00 90%00000 0 5 wwa.z
- TOR. JOl/V 5444/0 ATTORNEXG Patented Apr. 26," 1949 METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SIMUL- TANEOUS HWPKCT CRUSHING OF SEX- ABATE STREAMS F SIZED ROCK John Bland, Pacific Palisades, Calif.
Application March 1 5, 1945, Serial No. 582,924
2 Glaims. 1
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for crushing or pulverizing various materials, and has been primarily devised for crushing or pulverizing hard or silicious rocks or ores although it may be used for other analogous purposes.
One object of the invention is to provide a method for crushing or pulverizing hard rocks wherein astream of the rock to be crushed is fed into the path of impact shoes of a rotary impeller or hammer which strike the rock at avery high speed and practically instantaneously change its direction ofv movement. The speeds of the impact shoes employed may vary from 8000- linear feet per minute to 20,600 linear feet per minute, or more, and by their sudden impact and change of direction of movement of the rock impacted the rock is crushed or broken and in fact appears to virtually explode into small fragments. These fragments in turn may be thrown against an impact plate where at high speeds additional breaking or pulverizing may occur. Impact crushers of this general type have heretofore been used on soft or sedimentary rock wherein the impact crusher may operate at a comparatively low speed. Usually however attempts at using an impact crusher on hard or silicious rocks have been unsuccessful due to the failure or inability of the impeller to stand up under the severe shocks occasioned by the required use of high speeds and the encountering of the harder rock. To overcome this diificul-ty I employ an impeller that islargely a monolithic structure except for replaceable impact shoes, such monolithic structure either being formedby a single casting to which the shoes are attached or if fabricated. its parts are welded together so as to thus be rendered an integral construction.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus wherein the rock is fed into the path of the shoes on the rotary hammer or impeller so as to reduce wear thereon. Heretofore, in impact crushers of this general character it has been common practice to drop all of the rock to be crushed. in a common stream or chute with all sizes mixed together into the path of the shoes. This enablesthe larger pieces of rock to fall into direct contact with the. shoesresulting in a very rapid wearing. away of their faces due to chipping, flaking, or pitting of'the metal. The bringing of the larger pieces of rock:
into direct contact with the shoes also tends to. limit thespeed of revolution and the. force of:
the crushing blow because of the limited capacity of therevolving structure to absorb such heavy shocks. The wear to which the shoes are subjected is essentially of two kinds, namely the rubbing. or scratching away of the metal due to rubbing of the rock relative to the shoes occasioned by the rock tending to slide thereon when it encounters the shoes at an angle and the direct impact occasioned by large rocks being squarely struck by the shoes. The rubbing or scratching; of the metal can to a large extent be reduced or eliminated. by directing the rock into the path of the. moving impact shoe so that the departure from the normal angle of incidence is as little'possible. The use of a very high speed of" impact will normally accomplish this; High speed, however, will increase thewear due to impact which results in the pitting. chipping, flaking, or breaking way of small pieces of the faces of the shoes.
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus wherein the impeller may be driven at high speed to thus reducethe rubbing or simple attrition and which makes provision for reducing the effect of the impact occasioned by large rocks being struck directly by the face of the impact shoes.
Still a further object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus f or crushing rock and like substances wherein there is a continuously flowing circulatory path for the rock into which isintroduced new'rock. to be crushed. and from which it is continuously extracted to crush rock. wherein the rock is segregated into large and small sizes which are fed into the path of the shoes in such: a manner that the smaller particles are interposed between the shoes and the large rocks thus protecting the. shoes from wear occasioned by heavy impact. This arrangement of feeding the rock into the path of the impeller enables the rock to be crushed very much finer than has been heretofore accomplished by impact type crushers.
With the foregoing and other objects in. View, which will be made manifest in the following detailed description and specifically pointed: out in. the appended claims, reference is had to the accompanying drawings for an illustrative embodiment of the invention, wherein:
The figure is a diagrammatic sectional view of an apparatus that may be employed to carry out the present: invention.
Referring to' the accompanying drawingswherein. similar reference characters designate similar parts throughout,. Ht indicates an. endless conveyor belt on which: new rock: to. be crushed indicated at I I may be conveyed to a sump or bin 12. A bucket elevator I3 or the equivalent serves to elevate this rock from the bin l2 and discharge it into an upper hopper 14 to be deposited on a vibrating screen 15. Beneath this vibrating screen there is a second and finer vibrating screen l6 which permits fine particles ll to pass therethrough and to be deposited in a hopper it. These fine particles which pass through the lower vibrating screen it may represent the finished product. The two screens may be vibrated in any suitable manner so as to cause the rock to pass thereover and the finer particles to pass therethrough. Those particles indicated at it which pass through the upper screen 15 and which are caught on screen it are relatively small but are not small enough to be regarded as the finished product. The rock which passes over the upper screen l ultimately passes onto a relatively coarse vibrating screen 20 which permits relatively large rocks to pass therethrough and if desired there may be a vibrating screen 2| positioned therebelow which will catch the largest rocks but permit rocks of intermediate size indicated at 22 to pass therethrough. The smallest rocks which are caught on screen it ultimately pass into a chute 23, the intermediate rocks through a chute 2d, and the large rocks into a chute 25. These chutes feed these streams in consecutive order so that they will fall in front of shoes 26 on the rotary impeller 21 mounted on a shaft 28 and preferably rendered integral therewith. Shaft 28 may be driven at high speed are fed into the path of the impact shoes 26 so that they are at first to be encountered by the shoes. The large rock particles which are fed through chute 25 are those which are most remote from the shoes. The intermediate particles occupy position-s between the smallest particles and the largest particles. By operating the impeller at high speed sliding of the rock relatively to the shoes is to a large extent eliminated so that wear of the shoes by simple attrition or sliding or scratching is largely eliminated. The impact wear is also minimized due to the fact that the large rock particles do not come into direct engagement with the faces of the shoes. The intermediate and smaller particles prevent such direct engagement and as the smaller particles which drop directly against the faces of the shoes have little inertia, these particles do not tend to pit or break off or fiake off the shoe faces. The speed of rotation of the shoes is maintained quite high normally ranging from 8000 linear feet per minute to 20,000 linear feet per minute. The falling rock which is encountered by the shoes has its direction changed almost instantaneously resulting in the large rock particles being broken into small fragments. These rocks fairly seem to explode under these conditions. The smaller rock particles are broken further by being thrown against and grinding against the larger rock particles as soon as suffering direct impacts from the shoes. The rock particles after striking the impact plate 29 and being somewhat further broken up descend and pass on the conveyor H] with the .4 incoming rock ll into the sump. On being carried up by the elevator I3 those particles which are small enough to represent the finished product pass through screens l5 and [6 into the hopper I1. Those particles which are not quite small enough to represent the finished product are caught on screen l6 and pass into chute 23 to represent the smaller particles that serve to protect the faces of the shoes. The intermediate particles descend through chute 24 and the larger particles through chute 25.
It will, of course, be appreciated that the use of three chutes is not necessary. The screening of the rock merely into two sizes is quite feasible in which case, the smaller particles are fed into the path of the shoes 26 so that they will protect the faces of the shoes from coming into direct contact with the large rock sizes. It is likewise feasible to increase the number of chutes in excess of three in which case the large rock sizes will be fed into the path of the shoe most remote from the face thereof.
I find that with this construction a rotary impact crusher may be satisfactorily employed for crushing hard silicious rocks as distinguished from soft or sedimentary rocks. By employing a monolithic type impeller it will stand up under high speed and under the severe impacts occasioned thereby. The use of high speeds will alone minimize attrition or abrasion of the rock on the faces of the shoes. However, by feeding the rock in such a manner that the small particles are interposed between the large rock and the faces of the shoes impact wear on the faces of the shoes will likewise be minimized. It is not necessary to perform the improved method with the high speeds heretofore mentioned, although these speeds are desirable in crushing many types of hard rock. Where a coarser finished product is desired the impeller may be driven at materially lower speeds than 8000 linear feet per minute, and when slower speeds are used I find that the interposing of the smaller particles between the large rock and the shoe faces reduces abrasive wear on the shoes which would otherwise occur due to the slower speed employed.
It will be appreciated that the above-described method and apparatus that rock may be continuously fed to the apparatus and the finished product continuously withdrawn therefrom and that the same screening operation may be used to separate the finished product and to segregate the rock that is fed to the impeller into large and. small sizes with the small sizes being utilized to protect the shoe faces from the heavy impacts of the large rocks.
The interposing of small rock between the large rock and the shoes also enables larger rock to be fed into the path of the impeller than would otherwise be possible. It also enables the finished product to be crushed to a much finer condition in that the fine particles which descend through chutes 23 are interposed between the impeller shoes and the larger rock particles. These fine particles which have small masses and consequently small inertia which are not conducive to their being broken by impact alone are thus interposed or trapped between the shoes and the large rock particles which have greater inertia. Consequently the small rock particles are effectively pounded by the shoes against the large rock particles and are pulverized therebetween to a greater extent than where the small rock particles are merely subjected to impact alone. In this way a finished product may be obtained wherein the rock is finely ground or pulverized which is highly desirable in certain operations.
Various changes may be made in the details of construction without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
I claim:
1. The method of crushing rock which includes providing a circulatory path for rocks, introducing rock to be crushed into the path, segregating crushed rock from the path representing the finished product, classifying the rock to be crushed according to size and feeding the classified rocks in parallel paths into the path of a rotary impeller disposed in said circulatory path with the small rocks arranged to engage the impeller first, and returning the crushed rock to said path.
2. An apparatus for crushing rock comprising means providing a circulatory path, means for introducing rock to be crushed into said path, screening means for screening out crushed rock representing the finished product, screening means for segregating large rock from small rock to be crushed, a rotary impeller disposed in said REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,110,851 Symons Mar. 8, 1938 2,287,799 I-Iartshorn June 30, 1942' 2,292,852 Werner Aug. 11, 1942 2,316,124 Sheldon Apr. 6, 1943 OTHER REFERENCES New Holland Double Crusher Bullletin No. 651 of New Holland Machine Company, New Holland, Pennsylvania. Pub. Nov. 6, 1944. -8 Page C'OPY in Div. 25.
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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2555879A (en) * 1947-11-14 1951-06-05 Frank D Fogle Rock crusher having contained rock screening and redirection means
US2675969A (en) * 1949-08-17 1954-04-20 Lukens Steel Co Impact apparatus for disintegrating solids
US2689092A (en) * 1949-05-23 1954-09-14 Long Bell Lumber Company Method and apparatus for preparing crosscut fiber
US2701105A (en) * 1951-04-11 1955-02-01 Lukens Steel Co Disintegrating impeller and feed mechanism therefor for disintegrating lump solids
US2724655A (en) * 1952-11-19 1955-11-22 Dow Chemical Co Method of densifying light magnesia and of cements containing it
US2755026A (en) * 1956-07-17 wqqxk
US2962229A (en) * 1958-10-20 1960-11-29 John F Meissner Material crushing and grinding means and method
US2971703A (en) * 1958-06-04 1961-02-14 Frank E Rath Process for cleaning and recovering scrap metal from slag and the like
US3003708A (en) * 1960-04-15 1961-10-10 United States Steel Corp Impact crusher
US3165267A (en) * 1962-06-29 1965-01-12 Harbison Walker Refractories Comminution and beneficiation of refractory flour
US3178164A (en) * 1962-10-17 1965-04-13 Koppers Co Inc Apparatus for injecting particulate material into furnaces
US3312403A (en) * 1964-12-31 1967-04-04 Zifferer Lothar Robert Machine and process for reclaiming foundry sand
US3952645A (en) * 1974-12-02 1976-04-27 Toshihiko Satake Grain hulling and sorting apparatus
US4065061A (en) * 1976-01-08 1977-12-27 Bombled Jean Paul Ball mill
US4133487A (en) * 1977-06-30 1979-01-09 Ferguson Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for comminuting solid particles in a fluid stream
US4645131A (en) * 1984-12-24 1987-02-24 Hailey Robert W Powder milling method to produce fine powder sizes
US4662571A (en) * 1981-09-08 1987-05-05 Macdonald George J Mineral impact breaking apparatus
US4697743A (en) * 1982-12-13 1987-10-06 Sicomant Ab Juteskarsgatan 38 Method of finely crushing particles of material in an impact mill and apparatus for performing the method
US5076503A (en) * 1989-07-12 1991-12-31 Cook Robert L Size reduction processing apparatus for solid material
US5145118A (en) * 1990-08-29 1992-09-08 Canada Larry D Centrifugal impactor for crushing rocks
US5388774A (en) * 1992-09-09 1995-02-14 Zizzo; Daniel M. Cutter member for scrap reduction mill
AU680923B2 (en) * 1993-06-30 1997-08-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Raised arm coveralls
US9839915B2 (en) 2013-11-28 2017-12-12 Carey Hunker Impact grinding plant for the communition of ore
US20210002089A1 (en) * 2019-07-01 2021-01-07 Daniel Charhut System and mechanism for bottom ash feed regulation to a low capacity conveyor

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2110851A (en) * 1934-02-10 1938-03-08 Nordberg Manufacturing Co Impact crusher
US2287799A (en) * 1939-06-13 1942-06-30 Stanley D Hartshorn Hammer mill
US2292852A (en) * 1940-07-17 1942-08-11 Nordberg Manufacturing Co Impact crusher
US2316124A (en) * 1940-08-01 1943-04-06 Louis Ruprecht Apparatus for impact pulverizing

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2110851A (en) * 1934-02-10 1938-03-08 Nordberg Manufacturing Co Impact crusher
US2287799A (en) * 1939-06-13 1942-06-30 Stanley D Hartshorn Hammer mill
US2292852A (en) * 1940-07-17 1942-08-11 Nordberg Manufacturing Co Impact crusher
US2316124A (en) * 1940-08-01 1943-04-06 Louis Ruprecht Apparatus for impact pulverizing

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2755026A (en) * 1956-07-17 wqqxk
US2555879A (en) * 1947-11-14 1951-06-05 Frank D Fogle Rock crusher having contained rock screening and redirection means
US2689092A (en) * 1949-05-23 1954-09-14 Long Bell Lumber Company Method and apparatus for preparing crosscut fiber
US2675969A (en) * 1949-08-17 1954-04-20 Lukens Steel Co Impact apparatus for disintegrating solids
US2701105A (en) * 1951-04-11 1955-02-01 Lukens Steel Co Disintegrating impeller and feed mechanism therefor for disintegrating lump solids
US2724655A (en) * 1952-11-19 1955-11-22 Dow Chemical Co Method of densifying light magnesia and of cements containing it
US2971703A (en) * 1958-06-04 1961-02-14 Frank E Rath Process for cleaning and recovering scrap metal from slag and the like
US2962229A (en) * 1958-10-20 1960-11-29 John F Meissner Material crushing and grinding means and method
US3003708A (en) * 1960-04-15 1961-10-10 United States Steel Corp Impact crusher
US3165267A (en) * 1962-06-29 1965-01-12 Harbison Walker Refractories Comminution and beneficiation of refractory flour
US3178164A (en) * 1962-10-17 1965-04-13 Koppers Co Inc Apparatus for injecting particulate material into furnaces
US3312403A (en) * 1964-12-31 1967-04-04 Zifferer Lothar Robert Machine and process for reclaiming foundry sand
US3952645A (en) * 1974-12-02 1976-04-27 Toshihiko Satake Grain hulling and sorting apparatus
US4065061A (en) * 1976-01-08 1977-12-27 Bombled Jean Paul Ball mill
US4133487A (en) * 1977-06-30 1979-01-09 Ferguson Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for comminuting solid particles in a fluid stream
US4662571A (en) * 1981-09-08 1987-05-05 Macdonald George J Mineral impact breaking apparatus
US4697743A (en) * 1982-12-13 1987-10-06 Sicomant Ab Juteskarsgatan 38 Method of finely crushing particles of material in an impact mill and apparatus for performing the method
US4645131A (en) * 1984-12-24 1987-02-24 Hailey Robert W Powder milling method to produce fine powder sizes
US5076503A (en) * 1989-07-12 1991-12-31 Cook Robert L Size reduction processing apparatus for solid material
US5145118A (en) * 1990-08-29 1992-09-08 Canada Larry D Centrifugal impactor for crushing rocks
US5388774A (en) * 1992-09-09 1995-02-14 Zizzo; Daniel M. Cutter member for scrap reduction mill
AU680923B2 (en) * 1993-06-30 1997-08-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Raised arm coveralls
US9839915B2 (en) 2013-11-28 2017-12-12 Carey Hunker Impact grinding plant for the communition of ore
US20210002089A1 (en) * 2019-07-01 2021-01-07 Daniel Charhut System and mechanism for bottom ash feed regulation to a low capacity conveyor

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