US2599951A - Rotary spark gap - Google Patents
Rotary spark gap Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2599951A US2599951A US621338A US62133845A US2599951A US 2599951 A US2599951 A US 2599951A US 621338 A US621338 A US 621338A US 62133845 A US62133845 A US 62133845A US 2599951 A US2599951 A US 2599951A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- rotary
- electrodes
- stationary
- spark gap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
- H03K3/55—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback the switching device being a gas-filled tube having a control electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T7/00—Rotary spark gaps, i.e. devices having one or more rotating electrodes
Definitions
- This :invention provides a rotary spark gap generator which the electrodes have :a :novel :conformation which reduces 'to :a .minimum the jitter common :to sparbrgap generators as heretofore designed and which, in :addition, provides a spark ,gap .generator in which the electrodes are so designed as to insure long life :and uniform wear thereof.
- object of this invention to provide a novel rotary :spark gap generator :for high current use in which the electrodes are .so designed as :to provide :a minimum :of jitter of :pulse time and amplitude of the sparks generated thereby.
- Another object of this invention is to provide a rotary spark :gap ;-generator in which the elec trodes are :oriented in a :novel :manner with respect to each other so as to insure long life and uniform wear thereof.
- a :further bj60t10f this invention :is 130 provide 'autotary spark gap V-generator :in which the spark generated will originate from the same electrode each time it :is generated.
- a :more particular object "of this invention is toprovide a rotary spark gap generatorin which one of the -electrodes presents a surface of small radius of curvature as compared to the radius'rof the opposite electrode at .the instant sparking occurs.
- Fig. 1 is a Iront'view oi-a schematic diagram '2 of a spark gap generator illustrating the relative orientation of a pair of electrodes as contemplated by my invention
- Fig. 2 is a side wiew of spark gapgenerator shown in Fig. '-1 further illustrating "the relative orientation :of the electrodes of the generator;
- Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the spark gap generator illustrating themannerof wear of the "electrodes as-shown inFi'g. 1;
- Fig.4 is a schematic :diagram of the spark gap generator illustrating the manner of wear of the electrodes as shown in Fig. 12.
- ;.A design used in existing equipment consists of a single stationary electrode and s-ixrotary electrodes placed radially upon disc .ZLwhich in turn rotates-about ashaft '(not shown) vasjan axis.
- the stationary or positive electrode 210 provided with .a-surface having :a short radius of curvature to ionize the air in its vicinity, while the rotary or negative electrode '2! is provided with a surface of :longer radius of curvature in order *to-produ'ce less ionization of the :air in the vicinity of the rotary electrode.
- Fig. -1 thisis accomplished by, in effect, pointing the and electrode 20 towards the approaching electrode 21 travellingin its rotary path.
- fixed electrode 20 In the plane of this disc fixed electrode 20 is parallel to rotary electrode 2
- the fixed electrode is placed parallel to the rotary electrode, or electrodes, in the plane of the disc but approx imately at an angle of 30 degrees with a plane perpendicular to the plane of the disc passing through the rotary electrode.
- fixed electrode 20 presents a surface of small radius as compared to the cylindrical surface of revolving electrode 2
- an ellipse of short radii of curvature is continually presented, and as fixed electrode 20 becomes shorter, it makes its spark contact lower down on the surface of each rotary electrode.
- the relative rate of deformation of the electrodes is illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4
- the relative rate of wear of the fixed and rotary electrodes is chosen (by electrode size, polarity, and number of rotary electrodes) so that when the fixed electrode is completely worn away only a small part of the total material of the rotary electrodes is consumed.
- a rotary spark gap generator comprising a rotary electrode mounted upon a rotatable disc, the longitudinal axis of said rotary electrode being disposed in the plane of said disc, and a stationary electrode, said stationary electrode being oriented parallel to the plane of said disc and at an angle to the plane perpendicular to the plane of said disc passing through the longitudinal axis of said rotary electrode.
- a rotary spark gap generator comprising a plurality of rotary electrodes radially mounted upon a rotatable disc, the longitudinal axis of each of said rotary electrodes being disposed in the plane of said disc, and a stationary electrode, said stationary electrode being oriented parallel to the plane of said disc and oriented at an angle to the plane perpendicular to the plane of said disc passing through the rotary electrode adjacent said stationary electrode at the instant a spark discharge is generated between said electrodes.
- a rotary spark gap generator comprising a plurality of rotary electrodes radially mounted upon a rotatable disc, the longitudinal axis of each of said rotary electrodes being disposed in the plane of said disc, and a stationary electrode, said stationary electrode being oriented parallel to the plane of said disc and oriented at an angle to the plane perpendicular to the plane of said disc passing through the longitudinal axis of the rotary electrode adjacent said fixed electrode at the instant a spark discharge is generated across said electrodes, said fixed electrode having a relatively short radius of curvature as compared to the radius of curvature of each of said rotary electrodes.
- a rotary spark gap generator comprising a stationary electrode and an electrode rotatable in a fixed plane, said stationary electrode being oriented parallel to the plane of rotation of said rotary electrode, said stationary electrode also being oriented at an acute angle to said rotary electrode at the instant a spark discharge is generated between said electrodes.
- a rotary spark gap generator comprising a rotary electrode adapted to generate a surface of revolution upon the rotation thereof, and a stationary electrode disposed in a spaced relationship to said surface of revolution, the distance between said stationary electrode and said surface of revolution being constant throughout the length of said stationary electrode, said station ary electrode being disposed at an acute angle with respect to said rotary electrode at the instant a spark discharge is generated between said electrodes, said rotary electrode and said stationary electrode making different angles with respect to the direction of rotation of said rotary electrode at said instant of spark discharge.
- a rotary spark gap generator comprising a stationary electrode and a rotary electrode adapted to rotate within a fixed plane of rotation, a substantial portion of said stationary electrode being oriented parallel to said plane of rotation, the free end of said'substantial portion being disposed in close proximity to said rotary electrode at the instant of a spark gap discharge, said stationary electrode being oriented relative to said plane of rotation so thatat an instant of 'a spark gap discharge between said electrodes, said stationary electrode intersects said rotary electrode at an acute angle, whereby the spacing between said electrodes at the instant of a spark gap discharge remains constant independent of the wear of said rotary electrode and of the substantial portion of said stationary electrode.
- a stationary electrode and an electrode rotatable in a fixed plane said stationary electrode being oriented parallel to the plane of rotation of said rotatable electrode, said stationary electrode and said rotatable electrode making different angles with respect to the direction of rotation of said rotatable electrode at the instant of a spark discharge between said electrodes.
- an elongated stationary electrode and at least one elongated electrode adapted to'rotate with its longitudinal axis radial to the axis of rotation means supporting said stationary electrode with its axis parallel to and displaced from the plane of rotation of said rotatable electrode, said stationary electrode being oriented with respect to said axis of rotation such that said rotatable electrode is adapted to pass over the length of said stationary electrode once each revolution of said rotatable electrode, said rotatable electrode when rotated in the desired direction making an acute angle with re ship with said stationary electrode.
- an elongated stationary cylindrical electrode and at least one elongated cylindrical electrode adapted to rotate with its longitudinal axis radial to the axis of rotation means supporting said stationary electrode with its longitudinal axis parallel to the plane of rotation of said rotatable electrode, said stationary electrode being disposed with respect to the said axis of rotation such that said rotatable electrode passes over the length of said stationary electrode once for each revolution and makes an acute angle with said stationary electrode which increases in magnitude as it passes over one end of said stationary electrode to the other end of said stationary electrode.
- a movable electrode defining during movement thereof a predetermined surface, a stationary electrode, and means supporting said stationary electrode in spaced relationship to said surface whereby the distance between said stationary electrode and said surface is maintained constant during movement of said movable electrode past said stationary electrode, said distance being of a magnitude to permit a spark discharge between said electrodes upon the application of a predetermined potential thereto, said stationary electrode further being oriented at an acute angle with respect to said movable electrode during movement of said movable electrode past said stationary electrode, said electrodes defining different angles with respect to the direction of motion of said movable electrode throughout the movement of said movable electrode past said stationary electrode.
- a movable, elongated, cylindrical electrode arranged to rotate in a plane and extending radially from the axis of rotation, an elongated, stationary electrode of cylindrical shape supported with its axis parallel to the plane of rotation of said movable electrode and spaced from said plane of rotation an amount to permit a spark discharge between said movable and stationary electrodes as said movable electrode is rotated past said stationary electrode, said stationary electrode further being oriented at an acute angle with respect to said movable electrode during rotation of said movalble electrode in the desired direction past said stationary electrode, which angle increases in magnitude as said movable electrode passes by said stationary electrode.
Description
June 10, 1952 R. s. STANTON 2,599,951
, ROTARY SPARK GAP Filed Oct. 9, 1945 I'll/1,
- T (ml FIG.3 'F'l.4
INVENTOR RUSSELL S. STANTON ATTORNEY Patented June 10, 1952 mesne assignments, to the United States of Americans represented bythe Secretary of the Application'flctober 9, 19.45,"Serial"'No. 621,338
l'lClaims. (CL-.31'3-l491) i "This invention relates to a rotary spark gap generator and :more particularly "to such :a genorator adapted to provide *uniform spark gen-- *eration and 1ong=electrode life underconditions Rotary-spark gap generators heretofore known in the art and used as modulator switches Ior throwing an electrical pulse upon a magnetron :are usually so designed that the faces of the sparking electrodes are parallel at the instant sparking zoccurs. iSuch :gen'erators have proven to :be impractical tor the handling of large currents of the :order of one thousand :amperes at usual duty cycles, .since suchcurrents rapidly wear ielectrode .suriaces to conformations which cause itimc and amplitude jitter, thereby :requiring frequent electrode "changes. This :invention provides a rotary spark gap generator which the electrodes have :a :novel :conformation which reduces 'to :a .minimum the jitter common :to sparbrgap generators as heretofore designed and which, in :addition, provides a spark ,gap .generator in which the electrodes are so designed as to insure long life :and uniform wear thereof.
object of this invention to provide a novel rotary :spark gap generator :for high current use in which the electrodes are .so designed as :to provide :a minimum :of jitter of :pulse time and amplitude of the sparks generated thereby.
Another object of this invention :is to provide a rotary spark :gap ;-generator in which the elec trodes are :oriented in a :novel :manner with respect to each other so as to insure long life and uniform wear thereof.
A :further bj60t10f this invention :is 130 provide 'autotary spark gap V-generator :in which the spark generated will originate from the same electrode each time it :is generated.
A particular object of this invention :iS to pro-- vide a rotary spark gap .generator rinwhich the faces of the electrode are at .an angle '=with :respect to each other at the instant sparking A :more particular object "of this invention is toprovide a rotary spark gap generatorin which one of the -electrodes presents a surface of small radius of curvature as compared to the radius'rof the opposite electrode at .the instant sparking occurs.
Further objects and advantages of this invention, as well :as its construction, arrangement', and operation, will be apparent from the rl'ollowing description and claims in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a Iront'view oi-a schematic diagram '2 of a spark gap generator illustrating the relative orientation of a pair of electrodes as contemplated by my invention;
Fig. 2 is a side wiew of spark gapgenerator shown in Fig. '-1 further illustrating "the relative orientation :of the electrodes of the generator;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the spark gap generator illustrating themannerof wear of the "electrodes as-shown inFi'g. 1;
Fig.4 is a schematic :diagram of the spark gap generator illustrating the manner of wear of the electrodes as shown in Fig. 12.
Referring to Figs. 1 and '2 there is shown a pair oi'electrodes '20 and .21 of :a spark gap genrotary electrodes'a:single'rrotary electrode and a series :of "radially mounted stationary electrodes, :or iapluralit-y of stationary electrodes and :a plurality ofradiallypmounted rotary electrodes. ;.A design used in existing equipment consists of a single stationary electrode and s-ixrotary electrodes placed radially upon disc .ZLwhich in turn rotates-about ashaft '(not shown) vasjan axis.
heretofore stated, rotary spark ;.-gap e generators of common design have proven unsatisfactory forhandling large currents .of the order of one thousand amperes due to the high rate of wear of'the electrodes and hecauseoi the considerable jitter of pulse time and amplitude of the sparks developed :by such generators. It has been discovered that this unsteady operation :occurs when :the spark discharge does :not originate from the same electrode :each time I the spark :is generated. r
In .order to control "the :spark discharge and cause it to originate. from :the same electrode each time, the stationary or positive electrode 210 provided with .a-surface having :a short radius of curvature to ionize the air in its vicinity, while the rotary or negative electrode '2! is provided with a surface of :longer radius of curvature in order *to-produ'ce less ionization of the :air in the vicinity of the rotary electrode. As shown :in Fig. -1 thisis accomplished by, in effect, pointing the and electrode 20 towards the approaching electrode 21 travellingin its rotary path. As'il lustratetl in Figs. 1 and 2, rotary electrode '2 or a plurality of rotary electrodes "such "ibe used.
is placed on a rotary disc 22. In the plane of this disc fixed electrode 20 is parallel to rotary electrode 2|, but at the instant electrodes 20 and 2| are disposed sufiiciently close to each other for a spark discharge to occur across them, fixed electrode 20 forms an angle, preferably approximately 30 degrees, with the radial line of rotary electrode 2| in a plane drawn through this radius at right angles to the disc. In other words the fixed electrode is placed parallel to the rotary electrode, or electrodes, in the plane of the disc but approx imately at an angle of 30 degrees with a plane perpendicular to the plane of the disc passing through the rotary electrode. As a result of this structure, fixed electrode 20 presents a surface of small radius as compared to the cylindrical surface of revolving electrode 2|. As the electrode wear progresses, an ellipse of short radii of curvature is continually presented, and as fixed electrode 20 becomes shorter, it makes its spark contact lower down on the surface of each rotary electrode. The relative rate of deformation of the electrodes is illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 The relative rate of wear of the fixed and rotary electrodes is chosen (by electrode size, polarity, and number of rotary electrodes) so that when the fixed electrode is completely worn away only a small part of the total material of the rotary electrodes is consumed. By reference to Figs. 3 and '4, it will readily be understood that as the electrode wear progresses, an ellipse having certain short radii of curvature is continually presented, thereby providing fixed electrode with a short radius of curvature in order to ionize the air in its vicinity. At the same time, rotary electrode 2| (negative electrode) suffers very little deformation and therefore presents no surfaces having short radii of curvature. In this manner, the spark discharge is caused to be initiated from the same electrode each time it is generated, throughout the usable life of the electrodes.
While a particular arrangement of my invention has been disclosed and described it is to be understood that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof as set forth in the appended claims.
What is'claimed is:
1. A rotary spark gap generator comprising a rotary electrode mounted upon a rotatable disc, the longitudinal axis of said rotary electrode being disposed in the plane of said disc, and a stationary electrode, said stationary electrode being oriented parallel to the plane of said disc and at an angle to the plane perpendicular to the plane of said disc passing through the longitudinal axis of said rotary electrode.
2. A rotary spark gap generator comprising a plurality of rotary electrodes radially mounted upon a rotatable disc, the longitudinal axis of each of said rotary electrodes being disposed in the plane of said disc, and a stationary electrode, said stationary electrode being oriented parallel to the plane of said disc and oriented at an angle to the plane perpendicular to the plane of said disc passing through the rotary electrode adjacent said stationary electrode at the instant a spark discharge is generated between said electrodes.
3. A rotary spark gap generator comprising a plurality of rotary electrodes radially mounted upon a rotatable disc, the longitudinal axis of each of said rotary electrodes being disposed in the plane of said disc, and a stationary electrode, said stationary electrode being oriented parallel to the plane of said disc and oriented at an angle to the plane perpendicular to the plane of said disc passing through the longitudinal axis of the rotary electrode adjacent said fixed electrode at the instant a spark discharge is generated across said electrodes, said fixed electrode having a relatively short radius of curvature as compared to the radius of curvature of each of said rotary electrodes.
4. A rotary spark gap generator comprising a stationary electrode and an electrode rotatable in a fixed plane, said stationary electrode being oriented parallel to the plane of rotation of said rotary electrode, said stationary electrode also being oriented at an acute angle to said rotary electrode at the instant a spark discharge is generated between said electrodes.
5. A rotary spark gap generator comprising a rotary electrode adapted to generate a surface of revolution upon the rotation thereof, and a stationary electrode disposed in a spaced relationship to said surface of revolution, the distance between said stationary electrode and said surface of revolution being constant throughout the length of said stationary electrode, said station ary electrode being disposed at an acute angle with respect to said rotary electrode at the instant a spark discharge is generated between said electrodes, said rotary electrode and said stationary electrode making different angles with respect to the direction of rotation of said rotary electrode at said instant of spark discharge.
6. A rotary spark gap generator comprising a stationary electrode and a rotary electrode adapted to rotate within a fixed plane of rotation, a substantial portion of said stationary electrode being oriented parallel to said plane of rotation, the free end of said'substantial portion being disposed in close proximity to said rotary electrode at the instant of a spark gap discharge, said stationary electrode being oriented relative to said plane of rotation so thatat an instant of 'a spark gap discharge between said electrodes, said stationary electrode intersects said rotary electrode at an acute angle, whereby the spacing between said electrodes at the instant of a spark gap discharge remains constant independent of the wear of said rotary electrode and of the substantial portion of said stationary electrode.
7. In a spark gap generator, a stationary electrode and an electrode rotatable in a fixed plane, said stationary electrode being oriented parallel to the plane of rotation of said rotatable electrode, said stationary electrode and said rotatable electrode making different angles with respect to the direction of rotation of said rotatable electrode at the instant of a spark discharge between said electrodes.
8. In a spark gap generator, an elongated stationary electrode and at least one elongated electrode adapted to'rotate with its longitudinal axis radial to the axis of rotation, means supporting said stationary electrode with its axis parallel to and displaced from the plane of rotation of said rotatable electrode, said stationary electrode being oriented with respect to said axis of rotation such that said rotatable electrode is adapted to pass over the length of said stationary electrode once each revolution of said rotatable electrode, said rotatable electrode when rotated in the desired direction making an acute angle with re ship with said stationary electrode.
9. In a spark gap generator, an elongated stationary cylindrical electrode and at least one elongated cylindrical electrode adapted to rotate with its longitudinal axis radial to the axis of rotation, means supporting said stationary electrode with its longitudinal axis parallel to the plane of rotation of said rotatable electrode, said stationary electrode being disposed with respect to the said axis of rotation such that said rotatable electrode passes over the length of said stationary electrode once for each revolution and makes an acute angle with said stationary electrode which increases in magnitude as it passes over one end of said stationary electrode to the other end of said stationary electrode.
10. In a spark gap generator, a movable electrode defining during movement thereof a predetermined surface, a stationary electrode, and means supporting said stationary electrode in spaced relationship to said surface whereby the distance between said stationary electrode and said surface is maintained constant during movement of said movable electrode past said stationary electrode, said distance being of a magnitude to permit a spark discharge between said electrodes upon the application of a predetermined potential thereto, said stationary electrode further being oriented at an acute angle with respect to said movable electrode during movement of said movable electrode past said stationary electrode, said electrodes defining different angles with respect to the direction of motion of said movable electrode throughout the movement of said movable electrode past said stationary electrode.
11. In a spark gap generator, a movable, elongated, cylindrical electrode, arranged to rotate in a plane and extending radially from the axis of rotation, an elongated, stationary electrode of cylindrical shape supported with its axis parallel to the plane of rotation of said movable electrode and spaced from said plane of rotation an amount to permit a spark discharge between said movable and stationary electrodes as said movable electrode is rotated past said stationary electrode, said stationary electrode further being oriented at an acute angle with respect to said movable electrode during rotation of said movalble electrode in the desired direction past said stationary electrode, which angle increases in magnitude as said movable electrode passes by said stationary electrode.
RUSSELL S. STANTON.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 954,641 Marconi Apr. 12, 1910 1,299,823 Cockaday Apr. 8, 1919 1,170,853 Shoemaker Feb. 8, 1916 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 106,677 Germany Nov. 30, 1899 193,282 Germany Nov. 29, 1907
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US621338A US2599951A (en) | 1945-10-09 | 1945-10-09 | Rotary spark gap |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US621338A US2599951A (en) | 1945-10-09 | 1945-10-09 | Rotary spark gap |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2599951A true US2599951A (en) | 1952-06-10 |
Family
ID=24489761
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US621338A Expired - Lifetime US2599951A (en) | 1945-10-09 | 1945-10-09 | Rotary spark gap |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2599951A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4625256A (en) * | 1982-10-15 | 1986-11-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Overvoltage protector for a device having two parts movable relatively to each other |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE193282C (en) * | ||||
| US954641A (en) * | 1909-05-15 | 1910-04-12 | Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co America | Wireless telegraphy. |
| US1170853A (en) * | 1911-09-29 | 1916-02-08 | Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co America | Signaling apparatus. |
| US1299823A (en) * | 1917-10-27 | 1919-04-08 | Laurence M Cockaday | Radiotelegraphy. |
-
1945
- 1945-10-09 US US621338A patent/US2599951A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE193282C (en) * | ||||
| US954641A (en) * | 1909-05-15 | 1910-04-12 | Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co America | Wireless telegraphy. |
| US1170853A (en) * | 1911-09-29 | 1916-02-08 | Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co America | Signaling apparatus. |
| US1299823A (en) * | 1917-10-27 | 1919-04-08 | Laurence M Cockaday | Radiotelegraphy. |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4625256A (en) * | 1982-10-15 | 1986-11-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Overvoltage protector for a device having two parts movable relatively to each other |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3163753A (en) | Process and apparatus for electrostatically applying separating and forwarding forces to a moving stream of discrete elements of dielectric material | |
| US2295152A (en) | Fluid movement with precipitation | |
| US3716755A (en) | Electrostatic charging and discharging apparatus | |
| US2599951A (en) | Rotary spark gap | |
| US2472115A (en) | Triggered spark gap | |
| US2489780A (en) | Timing system for ignition and the | |
| US2587780A (en) | Electrical ignition system | |
| US3212442A (en) | Ion drag pumps | |
| KR20200119287A (en) | Power supply mechanism, rotating base device and semiconductor processing equipment | |
| US1793090A (en) | Variable electrical resistance | |
| US2159255A (en) | Vapor electric tube | |
| US1552349A (en) | Electric-light apparatus | |
| US2773141A (en) | Ignition element | |
| US1279990A (en) | Method of controlling and apparatus for producing ionic discharges. | |
| US2489157A (en) | Electrode | |
| US3349210A (en) | Electric contact brushes | |
| US447746A (en) | Electric-arc lamp | |
| US919123A (en) | Spark-plug. | |
| SU540713A1 (en) | Conductor for high-frequency welding of shaped profiles | |
| US2927173A (en) | Governor for small motors | |
| US410053A (en) | Influence-machine | |
| SU604065A1 (en) | Discharger | |
| US501708A (en) | Francis ii | |
| US2451675A (en) | Distributor | |
| FR2245105A1 (en) | Gas laser with elongated laser cavity - has insulating plate between two parallel metal plates connected to high voltage |