US2922883A - Electrostatic charging means and method - Google Patents

Electrostatic charging means and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US2922883A
US2922883A US491809A US49180955A US2922883A US 2922883 A US2922883 A US 2922883A US 491809 A US491809 A US 491809A US 49180955 A US49180955 A US 49180955A US 2922883 A US2922883 A US 2922883A
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corona discharge
chargeable
discharge device
wires
support member
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US491809A
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Jr Edward C Giaimo
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RCA Corp
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RCA Corp
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Priority to BE545664D priority Critical patent/BE545664A/xx
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Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US491809A priority patent/US2922883A/en
Priority to GB4130/56A priority patent/GB807798A/en
Priority to DER18434A priority patent/DE1030183B/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/02—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices
    • G03G15/0291—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices corona discharge devices, e.g. wires, pointed electrodes, means for cleaning the corona discharge device
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/001—Electric or magnetic imagery, e.g., xerography, electrography, magnetography, etc. Process, composition, or product
    • Y10S430/102—Electrically charging radiation-conductive surface

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrostatic photography, and more particularly to means for and methods of imparting an electrostatic charge to a chargeable member.
  • the record member usually comprises a coating of photoconductive material on a surface which is relatively conductive.
  • the surface of that member carrying the photoconductive coating must first be treated to render it conductive.
  • the surface is first treated with tin salts in a well known manner to render the surface of the glass conductive While maintaining a measure of its transparency.
  • a photoconductive coating was applied to the surface of a sheet of paper. It has been found that better results are obtained with the coated paper during times of higher ambient humidity, the conductivity of the paper backing being higher when the relative humidity is higher.
  • the paper backing was placed in contact with a grounded metal plate. The surface of the coating is charged by ion bombardment, the ions resulting from the operation of a corona discharge device. Whether the paper type record or a metallic record, both having a photoconductive surface, is used, it appeared that, without a relatively conductive backing member used during the initial charging of the record surface, the ultimate results were not entirely satisfactory. It is believed that the useful effect of the conductive backing was the production of a Zero potential surface at the interface between the photoconductive layer or coating and the backing member.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of apparatus embodying the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a charging unit constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a plan view, partly broken away, of a corona discharge device of the type employed in the structure illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • a chargeable member 2 which comprises a coating of photoconductive material 4 on an insulating backing 6.
  • the backing 6 may comprise a paper carrier for the photoconductive coating 4, or may, with equal facility, comprise a backing member in the nature of plastic, glass or mica, for example.
  • the chargeable member 2 is arranged to pass or be positioned between a first corona discharge device 8 and a second corona discharge device 10.
  • the first corona discharge device 8 comprises three parallel fine Wires 12 which are connected. to a high voltage supply 14 which is adapted to apply a high negative voltage to the three Wires 12.
  • the second corona discharge device comprises three parallel fine wires 16 which are connected to a high voltage supply 18.
  • This high voltage supply 18 is adapted to apply a high positive voltage to the wires 16. It will be appreciated that suitable means (not shown) are provided for supporting, guiding or holding the chargeable member between the two discharge devices. Thus, a zone of one surface of the chargeable member 2 is exposed to a corona discharge of one polarity and a zone opposite the first zone of a surface opposite from the first surface is exposed to a corona discharge of opposite polarity.
  • the high voltage applied to the first corona discharge device results in the production of a negative corona discharge which in turn includes the generation of a cloud of negative ions.
  • the high voltage applied to the second corona discharge device results in the development of a positive corona discharge which in turn produces a cloud of positive ions.
  • a metal shield member 20 Surrounding the corona discharge device is a metal shield member 20.
  • This metal shield member 20 is grounded electrically and serves to confine the corona discharge or ion cloud to the operating area.
  • the shield is provided with slots 22 through which the chargeable member 2 may be passed in its passage between the two corona discharge devices.
  • a charging unit which was constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • the corona discharge members are shown more clearly in Fig. 3 and comprise an insulating support member 24 of a suitable plastic material such, for example, ac Lucite.
  • the support member 24 is substantially rectangular in shape and is provided with a large central opening 26.
  • Three fine wires 28 are stretched lengthwise across the opening 26.
  • the wires 28 may be made of tungsten .001 of an inch in diameter.
  • These fine wires are supported by springs 30 which pass through suitable holes 32 in the ends of the support member 24.
  • the springs provide sufiicient tension to maintain the wires tautly stretched across the opening 26.
  • the outer ends of the springs are connected to a relatively heavy bus wire 34 which serves both to hold the springs in position and to carry the voltage from the voltage supply through the springs 30 to the wires 28.
  • Two of these support members together with their wires and carrying means are mounted in a framework which includes two side panels 36, a top panel 38 and a bottom panel 40. These four panels constitute the shield 20 shown in Fig. 1.
  • Each of the two side panels 36 is provided with a transverse slot 42 through which the chargeable'member 2 may be passed. Thus the two panels with their slots define a path of movement for the memher beingcharged.
  • the two side panels are coupled together through suitably placed spacer members 44.
  • the two side panels have a pair of vertical slots 46 adjacent the ends of the panels.
  • Thetwosupport members 24 are adjustably mounted on opposite sides of the slot 42 by means of a set of screws 48 which extend through the vertical slots 46 and into suitable holes 50 in the support members.
  • top panel and the bottom panel are adjustably supported between the two side panels by a set of screws 52 which extend through the vertical slot 46.
  • suitable chargeable. members have been satisfactorily charged when the corona discharge devices were spaced between A inch and 1 inch, approximately, from the opposite sides of the chargeable member and the voltages applied to the corona discharge devices were on the order of 4,000 to 6,000 volts.
  • photoconductive coatings have been suitably charged with the coating being carried by a paper backing member, by a glass backing member and by a mica backing member. All of these were suitably charged without the necessity of providing a conductive medium between the photo-conductive surface and the insulating carrier member.
  • Means for imparting an electrostatic charge to a chargeable sheet member comprising a first corona discharge device including a first nonconductive support member and a plurality of spaced, parallel fine conductive wires carried by said first support member, a second corona discharge device including a second nonconductive support member and a plurality of spaced, parallel fine wires carried by said second support member, means for mounting said support members in opposed spaced, parallel relation directly opposite to each other, and a conductive shield surrounding said spaced support members, said shield having openings therein to define a path of advancement for said sheet member between said first and second corona discharge device.
  • Means for imparting an electrostatic charge to a chargeable member by ion bombardment comprising a first corona discharge device including a first nonconductive support member, a plurality of spaced, parallel, conductive fine wires carried by said first support member and means for applying a high negative electrical potential to said wires; a second corona discharge device including a second nonconductive support member, a plurality of spaced, parallel, conductive fine wirescarri ed by said second support member, means for applying.
  • means for imparting electrostatic charges to a chargeable member comprising a pair of charging electrode structures located in opposed spaced relation, means for locating said chargeable member between said charging electrode structures, connection means associated with one of said electrode structures for applying thereto a high positive-potential, connection means associated with the other of said electrode structures for applying thereto a high negative potential, a first shielding structureas sociated with said one of said electrode structures, a second shielding structure associated with the other of said electrode structures, and connection means associated with said shielding structures for applying thereto a reference potential between said high positive and high negative potentials.
  • means for imparting an electrostatic charge to a chargeable member comprising a first corona discharge device including a first nonconductive support member and a plurality of fine conductive wires carried by said first support member, a second corona discharge device including a second nonconductive support member and a plurality of fine conductive wires carried by said second support member, connection means associated with said first corona discharge device for applying to the wires thereof a high positive potential, connection means associated with said second corona discharge device for applying to the wires thereof a high negative potential, means for mounting said support members in opposed spaced relation, a first shielding structure associated with said first corona discharge device, a second shielding structure associated with said second corona discharge device, connection means associated with said shielding structures for applying thereto a reference potential between said high negative and said high positive potentials, and means for locating said chargeable member between said corona discharge devices.
  • Means for imparting an electrostatic charge to a chargeable member by ion bombardment comprising a first corona discharge device including a first rectangular nonconductive support member having a central opening therein, a plurality of fine conductive wires parallelly supported by said first support member andbridging said opening therein, and means for applying a high negative electric potential to said wires; a second corona discharge device including a second rectangular nonconductive support member having a central opening therein, 'a plurality of fine conductive wires parallelly supported by said second support member and bridging said opening therein, and means for applying a high positive electrical potential to said wires supported by said second supporttmernber; means for mounting said support members in spaced parallel relation; and a conductive shield surrounding said spaced support members connected electrically to a point of potential midway between said high negative and said high positive potentials, said shield having openings therein to define a path of advancement for said chargeable member between said first and second corona discharge device.
  • means for imparting electrostatic charges to a chargeable member comprising a pair of charging electrode structures located in spaced relation directly opposite to each other, means for locating said chargeable member between said charging electrode structures, means for applying a high positive potential to one of said electrode structures, means for applying a high positive potential to one of said electrode structures, means for applying a high negative potential to the other of said electrode structures, a shielding structure associated with the charging electrode structures, and means for connecting said shielding structure to a point of reference potential between said high positive and high negative potentials.

Description

Jan. 26, 1960 c. GIAIMO, JR 2,922,883
ELECTROSTATIC CHARGING MEANS AND METHOD Filed March 3, 1955 SUPPL Y z; 7
'3 INVENTQR.
1/ Edward 6. fiIdlJIQt/F. Val $25 :suPPLY l,
ATTORNEY.
ELECTROSTATIC CHARGWG MEANS AND METHOD Edward C. Giaimo, In, Cranhury, N..l'., assignor to Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware Application March 3, 1955, Serial No. 491,809
6 Claims. (Cl. 25049.5)
This invention relates to electrostatic photography, and more particularly to means for and methods of imparting an electrostatic charge to a chargeable member.
In the art of electrostatic photography, means have been provided for developing an electrostatic latent image on a record member. The record member usually comprises a coating of photoconductive material on a surface which is relatively conductive. When it is desired that the ultimate record appear on a member which is nonconductive, the surface of that member carrying the photoconductive coating must first be treated to render it conductive. Thus, in applying the photoconductive material to a glass support member, the surface is first treated with tin salts in a well known manner to render the surface of the glass conductive While maintaining a measure of its transparency.
In other arrangements, a photoconductive coating was applied to the surface of a sheet of paper. It has been found that better results are obtained with the coated paper during times of higher ambient humidity, the conductivity of the paper backing being higher when the relative humidity is higher. In this type of operation, the paper backing was placed in contact with a grounded metal plate. The surface of the coating is charged by ion bombardment, the ions resulting from the operation of a corona discharge device. Whether the paper type record or a metallic record, both having a photoconductive surface, is used, it appeared that, without a relatively conductive backing member used during the initial charging of the record surface, the ultimate results were not entirely satisfactory. It is believed that the useful effect of the conductive backing was the production of a Zero potential surface at the interface between the photoconductive layer or coating and the backing member.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method of imparting an electrostatic charge to a chargeable member without the necessity of providing a conductive backing for the chargeable member.
It is another object of this invention to provide improved means for imparting an electrostatic charge to a chargeable member.
charge, bombarding the opposite surface of the member 2,922,883 Patented Jan 26, 1960 with positive ions. This arrangement oppositely charges the opposite surfaces of the member, producing, effec tively, a zero potential plane in the interior of the chargeable member without the use of a conductive backing.
A better understanding of the invention may be had from the following detailed description when read in connection with the accompanying drawing in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of apparatus embodying the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a charging unit constructed in accordance with the present invention; and
Fig. 3 is a plan view, partly broken away, of a corona discharge device of the type employed in the structure illustrated in Fig. 2.
There is shown in Fig. 1 a chargeable member 2 which comprises a coating of photoconductive material 4 on an insulating backing 6. The backing 6 may comprise a paper carrier for the photoconductive coating 4, or may, with equal facility, comprise a backing member in the nature of plastic, glass or mica, for example. The chargeable member 2 is arranged to pass or be positioned between a first corona discharge device 8 and a second corona discharge device 10. The first corona discharge device 8 comprises three parallel fine Wires 12 which are connected. to a high voltage supply 14 which is adapted to apply a high negative voltage to the three Wires 12. Similarly, the second corona discharge device comprises three parallel fine wires 16 which are connected to a high voltage supply 18. This high voltage supply 18 is adapted to apply a high positive voltage to the wires 16. It will be appreciated that suitable means (not shown) are provided for supporting, guiding or holding the chargeable member between the two discharge devices. Thus, a zone of one surface of the chargeable member 2 is exposed to a corona discharge of one polarity and a zone opposite the first zone of a surface opposite from the first surface is exposed to a corona discharge of opposite polarity.
The high voltage applied to the first corona discharge device results in the production of a negative corona discharge which in turn includes the generation of a cloud of negative ions. Similarly, the high voltage applied to the second corona discharge device results in the development of a positive corona discharge which in turn produces a cloud of positive ions.
Surrounding the corona discharge device is a metal shield member 20. This metal shield member 20 is grounded electrically and serves to confine the corona discharge or ion cloud to the operating area. The shield is provided with slots 22 through which the chargeable member 2 may be passed in its passage between the two corona discharge devices.
In Figs. 2 and 3, there is shown a charging unit which was constructed in accordance with the present invention. The corona discharge members are shown more clearly in Fig. 3 and comprise an insulating support member 24 of a suitable plastic material such, for example, ac Lucite. The support member 24 is substantially rectangular in shape and is provided with a large central opening 26. Three fine wires 28 are stretched lengthwise across the opening 26. The wires 28 may be made of tungsten .001 of an inch in diameter. These fine wires are supported by springs 30 which pass through suitable holes 32 in the ends of the support member 24. The springs provide sufiicient tension to maintain the wires tautly stretched across the opening 26. The outer ends of the springs are connected to a relatively heavy bus wire 34 which serves both to hold the springs in position and to carry the voltage from the voltage supply through the springs 30 to the wires 28.
Two of these support members together with their wires and carrying means are mounted in a framework which includes two side panels 36, a top panel 38 and a bottom panel 40. These four panels constitute the shield 20 shown in Fig. 1. Each of the two side panels 36 is provided with a transverse slot 42 through which the chargeable'member 2 may be passed. Thus the two panels with their slots define a path of movement for the memher beingcharged. The two side panels are coupled together through suitably placed spacer members 44. The two side panels have a pair of vertical slots 46 adjacent the ends of the panels. Thetwosupport members 24 are adjustably mounted on opposite sides of the slot 42 by means of a set of screws 48 which extend through the vertical slots 46 and into suitable holes 50 in the support members. Similarly, the top panel and the bottom panel are adjustably supported between the two side panels by a set of screws 52 which extend through the vertical slot 46. With these elements adjustably supported with respect to the lateral slots 42, the relative positioning of the elements may be adjusted to give optimum results with various types of record materials or chargeable members.
In a successfully operated unit constructed in accord ance with this invention, suitable chargeable. members have been satisfactorily charged when the corona discharge devices were spaced between A inch and 1 inch, approximately, from the opposite sides of the chargeable member and the voltages applied to the corona discharge devices were on the order of 4,000 to 6,000 volts. With apparatus thus provided, photoconductive coatings have been suitably charged with the coating being carried by a paper backing member, by a glass backing member and by a mica backing member. All of these were suitably charged without the necessity of providing a conductive medium between the photo-conductive surface and the insulating carrier member. Further, it has been found that with apparatus of the type described, a more uniform initial charge may be applied to the chargeable member, and, in the case of electrostatic photography, the relative charging of the opposite faces of the record member may be controlled to effect a control of the contrast in the ultimate print.
What is claimed is:
1. Means for imparting an electrostatic charge to a chargeable sheet member comprising a first corona discharge device including a first nonconductive support member and a plurality of spaced, parallel fine conductive wires carried by said first support member, a second corona discharge device including a second nonconductive support member and a plurality of spaced, parallel fine wires carried by said second support member, means for mounting said support members in opposed spaced, parallel relation directly opposite to each other, and a conductive shield surrounding said spaced support members, said shield having openings therein to define a path of advancement for said sheet member between said first and second corona discharge device.
2. Means for imparting an electrostatic charge to a chargeable member by ion bombardment; said means comprising a first corona discharge device including a first nonconductive support member, a plurality of spaced, parallel, conductive fine wires carried by said first support member and means for applying a high negative electrical potential to said wires; a second corona discharge device including a second nonconductive support member, a plurality of spaced, parallel, conductive fine wirescarri ed by said second support member, means for applying. a high positive electrical potential to said wires carried by said second support member; means for mounting said support members in opposed, spaced, parallel relation; and a conductive shield surrounding said spaced support members, said shield having openings therein to define a path of advancement for said chargeable member betWeen said first and second corona discharge device and means connecting said shield electrically to a point of neutral potential between said high negative and said high positive potentials.
3. In electrostatic photography, means for imparting electrostatic charges to a chargeable member comprising a pair of charging electrode structures located in opposed spaced relation, means for locating said chargeable member between said charging electrode structures, connection means associated with one of said electrode structures for applying thereto a high positive-potential, connection means associated with the other of said electrode structures for applying thereto a high negative potential, a first shielding structureas sociated with said one of said electrode structures, a second shielding structure associated with the other of said electrode structures, and connection means associated with said shielding structures for applying thereto a reference potential between said high positive and high negative potentials.
4. In electrostatic photography, means for imparting an electrostatic charge to a chargeable member comprising a first corona discharge device including a first nonconductive support member and a plurality of fine conductive wires carried by said first support member, a second corona discharge device including a second nonconductive support member and a plurality of fine conductive wires carried by said second support member, connection means associated with said first corona discharge device for applying to the wires thereof a high positive potential, connection means associated with said second corona discharge device for applying to the wires thereof a high negative potential, means for mounting said support members in opposed spaced relation, a first shielding structure associated with said first corona discharge device, a second shielding structure associated with said second corona discharge device, connection means associated with said shielding structures for applying thereto a reference potential between said high negative and said high positive potentials, and means for locating said chargeable member between said corona discharge devices.
5. Means for imparting an electrostatic charge to a chargeable member by ion bombardment; said means comprising a first corona discharge device including a first rectangular nonconductive support member having a central opening therein, a plurality of fine conductive wires parallelly supported by said first support member andbridging said opening therein, and means for applying a high negative electric potential to said wires; a second corona discharge device including a second rectangular nonconductive support member having a central opening therein, 'a plurality of fine conductive wires parallelly supported by said second support member and bridging said opening therein, and means for applying a high positive electrical potential to said wires supported by said second supporttmernber; means for mounting said support members in spaced parallel relation; and a conductive shield surrounding said spaced support members connected electrically to a point of potential midway between said high negative and said high positive potentials, said shield having openings therein to define a path of advancement for said chargeable member between said first and second corona discharge device.
6. In electrostatic photography, means for imparting electrostatic charges to a chargeable member comprising a pair of charging electrode structures located in spaced relation directly opposite to each other, means for locating said chargeable member between said charging electrode structures, means for applying a high positive potential to one of said electrode structures, means for applying a high positive potential to one of said electrode structures, means for applying a high negative potential to the other of said electrode structures, a shielding structure associated with the charging electrode structures, and means for connecting said shielding structure to a point of reference potential between said high positive and high negative potentials.
References Gated in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,352,699 Smith Sept. 14, 1920 2,042,145 Darrah May 26, 1936 10 2,128,907 Benner Sept. 6, 1938
US491809A 1955-03-03 1955-03-03 Electrostatic charging means and method Expired - Lifetime US2922883A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE545664D BE545664A (en) 1955-03-03
US491809A US2922883A (en) 1955-03-03 1955-03-03 Electrostatic charging means and method
GB4130/56A GB807798A (en) 1955-03-03 1956-02-09 Electrostatic charging means and method
DER18434A DE1030183B (en) 1955-03-03 1956-03-02 Method and device for applying electrostatic charges in electrophotographic copying and recording processes

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Cited By (35)

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US3054897A (en) * 1956-08-17 1962-09-18 Mason & Sons Ltd E N Process of and apparatus for printing or copying by electrostatic photography
US3075078A (en) * 1960-05-13 1963-01-22 Rca Corp Corona device
US3084061A (en) * 1953-09-23 1963-04-02 Xerox Corp Method for formation of electro-static image
US3094909A (en) * 1958-05-29 1963-06-25 Szekeres Janos Reproduction apparatus
US3136909A (en) * 1959-07-10 1964-06-09 Rca Corp Storage device having a photo-conductive target
US3159520A (en) * 1960-12-27 1964-12-01 Grace W R & Co Shrinkable bands
US3240933A (en) * 1962-11-26 1966-03-15 Dow Corning Electrostatic treatment of silicone release coatings
US3268331A (en) * 1962-05-24 1966-08-23 Itek Corp Persistent internal polarization systems
US3277298A (en) * 1964-10-05 1966-10-04 Formfoto Mfg Company Corona discharge device
US3276773A (en) * 1965-10-23 1966-10-04 Formfoto Mfg Company Paper guide for corona discharge devices and the like
US3282029A (en) * 1963-06-19 1966-11-01 Metallgesellschaft Ag Emitting electrode construction for electrostatic separators
US3296963A (en) * 1964-07-27 1967-01-10 Continental Can Co Electrostatic screen printing of articles made of highly insulating materials
US3303401A (en) * 1962-07-20 1967-02-07 Azoplate Corp Method and apparatus for imparting an electrostatic charge to a layer of insulating material
US3374348A (en) * 1966-05-09 1968-03-19 Scm Corp Corona unit with a tapered passageway of flectrically nonconductive material betweenconductive housings thatare electrically interconnected
US3414769A (en) * 1966-02-14 1968-12-03 Wabash Magnetics Inc Power supply with simultaneously peaking positive and negative output voltages
US3435309A (en) * 1962-11-27 1969-03-25 Harris Intertype Corp Corona charging unit
US3434416A (en) * 1966-12-14 1969-03-25 Testone Electronics Co Printing press excess powder collector
US3566110A (en) * 1968-02-20 1971-02-23 Rca Corp Electrostatic charging apparatus with means to blow electrostatic charge onto a photoconductive surface from a remotely located corona generator
US3651323A (en) * 1967-10-27 1972-03-21 Canon Kk Double discharge system and device thereof
US3735560A (en) * 1968-08-05 1973-05-29 Carrier Corp Electrostatic air cleaning apparatus
US3754117A (en) * 1971-12-08 1973-08-21 Anvar Device for corona treatment of a layer of plastic material
US3764866A (en) * 1971-12-23 1973-10-09 Xerox Corp Corona generator
DE2166948A1 (en) * 1970-03-11 1976-11-11 Canon Kk CORONA UNLOADER
US4012666A (en) * 1972-07-22 1977-03-15 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of and device for the removal of electrostatic charges
US4020315A (en) * 1972-02-07 1977-04-26 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Method of welding mounting members to a wire
US4022594A (en) * 1975-05-02 1977-05-10 Baysek Edward L Electrostatic precipitator
US4084212A (en) * 1974-12-23 1978-04-11 Bell & Howell Company Corona charging unit for microfiche reader/printer
US4112298A (en) * 1977-03-31 1978-09-05 Xerox Corporation Corona wire mounting means
US4265996A (en) * 1976-06-05 1981-05-05 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Method of improving the electrical contact between the insulating image carrier and conductive support in electrographic recording processes
US4336998A (en) * 1980-05-22 1982-06-29 Siemens Corporation Fingerprint transducer and reading apparatus
US4666474A (en) * 1986-08-11 1987-05-19 Amax Inc. Electrostatic precipitators
EP0695975A1 (en) 1994-08-01 1996-02-07 Xerox Corporation Self biasing charging member
EP1255171A2 (en) * 2001-05-02 2002-11-06 NexPress Solutions LLC Charging and discharging device for print media in printers or copiers
US20030039485A1 (en) * 2001-08-23 2003-02-27 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Grid, scorotoron charger having the grid, process unit having the scorotoron charge, and image forming device installing the process unit
US20040139623A1 (en) * 2002-10-25 2004-07-22 Tafel Leonard Immanuel Radiation curing and drying

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EP1255171A2 (en) * 2001-05-02 2002-11-06 NexPress Solutions LLC Charging and discharging device for print media in printers or copiers
US20020186990A1 (en) * 2001-05-02 2002-12-12 Andreas Dickhoff Device for charging and discharging of printing media in printing presses and copiers
US6668154B2 (en) * 2001-05-02 2003-12-23 Nexpress Solutions Llc Device for charging and discharging of printing media in printing presses and copiers
EP1255171A3 (en) * 2001-05-02 2006-03-08 Eastman Kodak Company Charging and discharging device for print media in printers or copiers
US20030039485A1 (en) * 2001-08-23 2003-02-27 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Grid, scorotoron charger having the grid, process unit having the scorotoron charge, and image forming device installing the process unit
US7035571B2 (en) * 2001-08-23 2006-04-25 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Grid, scorotoron charger having the grid, process unit having the scorotoron charge, and image forming device installing the process unit
US20060153594A1 (en) * 2001-08-23 2006-07-13 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Grid, scorotoron charger having the grid, process unit having the scorotoron charger, and image forming device installing the process unit
US7187889B2 (en) 2001-08-23 2007-03-06 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Grid, scorotron charger having the grid, process unit having the scorotron charger, and image forming device installing the process unit
US20040139623A1 (en) * 2002-10-25 2004-07-22 Tafel Leonard Immanuel Radiation curing and drying
US7003896B2 (en) * 2002-10-25 2006-02-28 Leonard Immanuel Tafel Radiation curing and drying

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GB807798A (en) 1959-01-21
BE545664A (en)

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